The Problem and Its Background: Health Impacts of Vices To The Youth

Health Impacts of Vices to the Youth Page |1
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Youth are considered as the catalyst agent for societal change for the
future generation. They are being educated and trained for their self-
advancement and to battle against ignorance.
Most of them are being sent in different institutions by their parents to
advance their knowledge and to sort them in to those who have bad habits. They
believe that, quality education is a must for the future generations.
Part of the curriculum today is focused on career education. This prepares
the individual for self-reliance and affords him the opportunity to bend himself
toward a meaningful and productive life. Thus the curriculum must be designed
to develop not only skilled and knowledgeable individual but also to orient them
in vice-free future for their improvement of the quality of living. Generations today
are being widely affected by peer pressure and social vices. Ogena in her article
“Human Capital Projections for the Philippines: Issues and challenges for the 21 st
Century” asserts of this task vested upon by the Health Agency. She states and
to wit:
Today’s young generation might be more sexually active or more

inclined to experiment with drugs and alcohols, but they are still
seen to be more “behaved” than from those a decade ago.

Perhaps smoking, drinking and drug use have been too expensive
for them. The youth has found other vices, or they are just getting
more responsible.
It is rare to find a school or an institution void of social vices. This depicts
that they are present in all educational centers- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary.
Vice is from a Latin word ‘vitium’ meaning defect or failing. It is defined as
a bad habit or immoral activities. Vices are common among young males and
females, example includes prostitution, indecent dressing, robbery, cultism,
pocket-picking, drug addiction, examination malpractice, hooliganism, thuggery,
gambling, smoking, pre-marital sexual activities and rape. Social morality of a
society and frowned at by members of the society.
Peer pressure is the major cause of young involvement in social vices.
A recent survey conducted by the Demographic Research & Development
Foundation (DRDF) and University of Philippines Population Institute (UPPI),
found that current drug use, drinking alcohol and smoking among young Filipinos
aged 15-24 have dropped. The survey showed that young Filipinos who are
“current smoker” declined from 20.9% in 2002 to 19.7% in 2013. The same
survey also found that young Filipinos who engaged in alcohol and drug use
dropped 4% and 7% from 2002, respectively.
Though there are published surveys and data showing the number of
youth having vices some researches do not believe with the representation of it,
because of external factor which affects the results.

Dewey, concluded that some external factors such as smuggled products
which are being unidentified by the researchers greatly affects the results.
The immorality of the vices had caused the government to be alarmed to
take charge and set action into it.
Establishing different laws and bill to reduce or eradicate the number of
youth having vices has been their major contribution to combat down the
population of it.
Statement of the Problem
This study is aimed to determine the views of the society on the
possible health impacts of different vice to the youths.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Name
1.2 Age
1.3 Vice/s
2. What are the most common vices of teenagers?
3. How often do they do it?
4. Why do they do such things?
5. What ailments do they feel after doing such?
Significance of the Study
Prior to the possible health impact of different vices among teenagers this
can serve as basis for different local problems and problems in nature in
connection to vices and to further probe the teenagers’ addiction.
Some target beneficiaries are indicated below:
City Health Office. City Health Officers may infer to our data to probe
their study with regards to teen abuse and teenagers’ vices which may be used
to solve the out-growing numbers of youth with vices.

Law enforcers. This research will help them solve different crime with
drug-related cases and teenage abuse or acquire better knowledge in solving it
through our statistical data.
Parents. This will help for them to realize their full responsibility in their
children and to further educate them to reduce the number of youth with vices in
the society through our data and information gathered.
Youth. This study will aid them and educate them on the possible health
impact of vices and its negative effects to their future. This will also hinder them
for having vices, because of the possible impacts of that may threaten them.
Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers to
serve as guide for their study and to further conduct researches in line with
the out-growing numbers of youth having vices, lastly to add more details in
reducing its instances.
Scope and Delimitations
The study is focused and limited only on developing a Language Needs
Analysis Instrument on Macro skills concerned to students, parents, and
teachers or professionals. The universe of the study is to develop Learning
Needs Analysis Instrument.
The nature of the study would take three (3) months in conducting and scanning
in reviewing the studies and related literature that will sought to answer by the
field of students, parents teachers and professionals in relation on developing a
Language Needs Analysis Instrument on Macro skill.
This research will be described through the conclusion of the recent
studies and research that will focused on the relation of Language Needs
Analysis in the Philippines
Definition of Terms
Addict. Refers to a devotion that is something habitually or obsessively.
(© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Addiction. Pertains to a strong and harmful need to regularly have
something. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Alcoholism. It is defined as the most severe form of alcohol abuse and
involves the inability to manage drinking habit. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Cigarette. Is defined as a small roll of paper that is filled with cut tobacco
and smoked. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Cybercrimes. Is defined as a criminal offenses committed via the internet
of otherwise aided by various forms of computer technology, such as the use of
online social networks to bully other or sending sexually explicit digital photos
with a smart phone. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

Department of Health (DOH). The Department of Health (DOH) is the
country’s principal health agency. It is responsible for ensuring access to basic
public health services through the provision of quality healthcare and the
regulation of providers of health goods and services.
(www.departmentofhealth/officialsite.org)
Freedom of Information Act. Refers to a proposed Freedom of
Information (FOI) act aims to mandate the disclosure of public documents. The
proposed bill also outlines the exception for public disclosure and the procedures
for accessing public documents.
(www.freedom-of-information/philippineactof2010.org)
Liquor. Refers to a beverage, usually distilled rather than fermented. (©
2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Netizen. Refers to a person who actively uses the internet specially in a
proper and responsible way. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Nicotine. It pertains to a poisonous substance in tobacco that makes it
difficult for people to stop smoking cigarette. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Radiation. Means an energy that comes from a source in the form of
waves or rays you cannot see. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Sin tax Bill. (House Bill 5272 and Senate Bill 3249) The Philippines bill
which aims to restructure the existing taxes imposed on alcohol and tobacco
goods. Its goal is to promote health by discouraging vices.
(www.rapplers.com/sintaxbill-2013)
Vices. Pertains to different bad or immoral behavior or habits. (© 2017
Merriam-Webster, Inc.)
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents a review of researches conducted in the Philippines
and foreign countries that are related to the present study. It also deals on review
of literatures from book and other printed materials that are related with the
present study.
Introductory Statement
Different foreign and local published data which we consider as the pillar
of our research determines the scope of it. Youth are being defined by our
sources as the key for progress, their knowledge would greatly affect the next
generation. They also concluded that, there should be more programs in
connection to the strengthening of their knowledge and potentials (Guevara,
2013).
Their self-advancement would be more highly acceptable to the society for
them to battle the toughest scenes in their lives.
Government, education institutions and parents should put more emphasis
on the possible hindrance that would deteriorate the future of the youth. If any
sabotage, the youth should be equip by different knowledge to combat it.
Vices should consider as their public enemy number one as stated by
Schulenberg (1996) in his book. Different pressure on the society is inseparable

Health Impacts of Vices to the Youth P a g e | 10
from their growth, either challenges that may serve as stepping-stone or
obstacles for their future.
Nicotine, liquors, radiations and many more are one of the many factors
that youths could encounter as they grow and strive to achieve for their future. A
country who focuses to the future would tend to grow in the future, which is the
youth. Different sectors in the society should be the primary concern in their
growth. Before everything would be too late, they should start addressing the
need of the youth and protect their futures.
Local studies found out that, even though we see the youth as more highly
active in different vices such as; gambling, sex, and many more, they have been
seen as to be more behave than the past studies. Filipino youths are bound to
have vices due to their curiosity and wide-spread influence by others. Proper
guidance and correct orientation could be the best way to reduce the instance of
youth having vices in the society.
Foreign studies shows that, youths in world are still hyper in terms of
vices. The World Health Organization (WHO) are having different plans to reduce
the instance of youth having vices, especially countries like; USA, Canada and
Australia are in their list of most watched population of youth.
Related Studies
I. Alcohol Drinking
The practice of alcohol consumption as stimulants dates back to the early
time of human civilization. The commercial ‘use of wine’ is recorded as before
time of the Code of Hammurabi (2380 BC). In the Philippines, the use of alcohol
is traced to be earlier than the discovery of the islands by the Spaniards
(Guevara, 2013).
Alcohol is measured in units which are comparable to 10 grams contained
in 300 cc of beer of 100 cc of a glass of the table wine. The safe consumption for
males is around 21 units and 14 units for female drinkers. Distillation is a method
used to increase the concentration of alcohol since normal fermentation stops at
around 12 to 14% by volume. In distilled liquors, alcohol is measured in term of
“poofs” which is estimated to be twice the percentage of alcohol by volume
(Guevara, 2013)
Prevalence of Youth Drinking
Thirteen- to fifteen-year-olds are at high risk to begin drinking Johnston, et
al. (2005). According to results of an annual survey of students in 8th, 10th, and
12th grades, 26 percent of 8th graders, 40 percent of 10th graders, and 51
percent of 12th graders reported drinking alcohol within the past month
(University of Michigan, 1996). Binge drinking at least once during the 2 weeks
before the survey was reported by 16 percent of 8th graders, 25 percent of 10th
graders, and 30 percent of 12th graders. Males report higher rates of daily
drinking and binge drinking than females, but these differences are diminishing
(Johnston, et al., 2005). White students report the highest levels of drinking,
blacks report the lowest, and Hispanics fall between the two (Johnston et al.,
2005).
A survey focusing on the alcohol-related problems experienced by 4,390
high school seniors and dropouts found that within the preceding year,
approximately 80 percent reported either getting "drunk," binge drinking, or
drinking and driving. More than half said that drinking had caused them to feel
sick, miss school or work, get arrested, or have a car crash (Ellickson et al.,
2003).
Some adolescents who drink later abuse alcohol and may develop
alcoholism. Although these conditions are defined for adults in the DSM,
research suggests that separate diagnostic criteria may be needed for youth
(Martin et al., 2004).
Drinking and Adolescent Development
While drinking may be a singular problem behavior for some, research
suggests that for others it may be an expression of general adolescent turmoil
that includes other problem behaviors and that these behaviors are linked to
unconventionality, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking (Jessor et al., 2008).
Binge drinking, often beginning around age 13, tends to increase during
adolescence, peak in young adulthood (ages 18-22), then gradually decrease. In
a 1994 national survey, binge drinking was reported by 28 percent of high school
seniors, 41 percent of 21- to 22-year-olds, but only 25 percent of 31- to 32-year-
olds (Johnston, et al., 2005). Individuals who increase their binge drinking from
age 18 to 24 and those who consistently binge drink at least once a week during
this period may have problems attaining the goals typical of the transition from
adolescence to young adulthood (e.g., marriage, educational attainment,
employment, and financial independence) (Schulenberg et al., 1996).
Risk Factors for Adolescent Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Dependence
Genetic Risk Factors, animal studies (McKinzie et al., 2014) and studies of
twins and adoptees demonstrate that genetic factors influence an individual's
vulnerability to alcoholism (Cloninger et al., 2015). Children of alcoholics are
significantly more likely than children of nonalcoholic to initiate drinking during
adolescence (Chassin et al., 1991) and to develop alcoholism (Cotton, 2003), but
the relative influences of environment and genetics have not been determined
and vary among people.
Sexual Behavior. Surveys of adolescents suggest that alcohol use is associated
with risky sexual behavior and increased vulnerability to coercive sexual activity.
Among adolescents surveyed in New Zealand, alcohol misuse was significantly
associated with unprotected intercourse and sexual activity before age 16
(Fergusson & Lynskey, 1998). Forty-four percent of sexually active
Massachusetts teenagers said they were more likely to have sexual intercourse if
they had been drinking, and 17 percent said they were less likely to use condoms
after drinking (Strunin & Hingson, 1992).
Youth Drinking: Risk Factors and Consequences--A Commentary by
NIAAA Director Enoch Gordis, M.D.
Alcohol, the most widely used and abused drug among youth, causes
serious and potentially life-threatening problems for this population. Although
alcohol is sometimes referred to as a "gateway drug" for youth because its use
often precedes the use of other illicit substances, this terminology is
counterproductive; youth drinking requires significant attention, not because of
what it leads to but because of the extensive human and economic impact of
alcohol use by this vulnerable population.
For some youth, alcohol use alone is the primary problem. For others,
drinking may be only one of a constellation of high-risk behaviors. For these
individuals, interventions designed to modify high-risk behavior likely would be
more successful in preventing alcohol problems than those designed solely to
prevent the initiation of drinking. Determining which influences are involved in
specific youth drinking patterns will permit the design of more potent
interventions. Finally, we need to develop a better understanding of the alcohol
treatment needs of youth. Future questions for scientific attention include, what
types of specialized diagnostic and assessment instruments are needed for
youth; whether treatment in segregated, "youth only" programs is more effective
than in general population programs; and, irrespective of the setting, what types
of specific modalities are needed by youth to increase the long-term
effectiveness of treatment.
II. Cigarette Smoking
Smoking is the act of inhaling the fumes from a burning substance, usually
tobacco. The adverse effects of tobacco smoking totally outnumber those of
other atmospheric pollutants (Guevara, 2013).
The average 20-a-day smoker is estimated it inhale tobacco smoke about
70,000 times a year. It is therefore not surprising that, with such abuse, a number
of diseases, many of them fatal, are associated with smoking. These include
cancer (particularly of the lungs, larynx, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus,
pancreas, cervix, kidney, and bladder); coronary artery disease; cerebrovascular
disease (strokes, intra-cerebral hemorrhages); and COAD (chronic obstructive
airways disease, comprising chronic bronchitis and emphysema).
One of the first micro level studies on the economics of youth smoking
appeared in the 1980’s.
Dewey (2014) studied the smoking behavior of young respondents (12 –
17 years old) in years 2011-2015. His demand equation tested retail prices of
cigarettes while controlling for various socioeconomic factors such as age, sex,
race, family size, income, labor force status of mother, and for smuggling. The
two-part-model estimated an overall price elasticity of –1.44, a figure higher than
the same estimates from the previous macro data studies. The author
hypothesized that young consumers might be more price responsive than adults
because of lower disposable income. He also found that price has more effect on
the decision to smoke at all than on the number of cigarettes smoked by a
smoker. Anti-smoking advertising had a negative effect on smoking participation
but it did not change the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers. In 2014,
Dewey used data with respondents 20 to 74 years old.
He concluded that smuggling can bias results and that the smuggling
incentives should be controlled for. Dividing the sample into three age groups (20
– 25, 26 – 35, 36 – 74) and estimating separately the respective price
responsiveness confirmed the hypothesis about the higher price elasticity among
youth, perhaps also due to shorter smoking history (the addiction to nicotine did
not have a chance to fully develop), higher discount rate for future consumption,
and the multiplying effect of peer pressure which is stronger for young adults
than for older consumers. As in the 2014 study, price had a larger effect on a
person’s decision to smoke than on the number of cigarettes consumed by a
smoker also analyzed respondents from 20 to 74 years old (Dewey, 2014)
Their demand equation controlled for state level antismoking regulations
and found insignificant effects of prices on the amount smoked by young
smokers. The authors attributed this result to a positive 6 correlation between
cigarette prices and state smoking policies and argued that the results of
previous studies are biased upwards since they ignored this correlation (an
omitted variable bias). They also estimated price elasticity’s by years and found
that they differ. For example the results for 2013-2015, and 2016 were 0.06, -
0.017, and –0.23 respectively, which led them to hypothesize that the elasticity’s
were increasing over time, perhaps because of growing awareness of cigarette
harm. However, the results were supported by a relatively small sample with only
1,891 respondents (Dewey, 2014)
Chaloupka (2014) publications studied the addictive nature of smoking. He
applied his rational addiction model on longitudinal data from the Second
National Health and Nutrition Examination. While controlling for age, race,
gender, education, income, physical activity and cigarette prices he found
adjacent complementarities in cigarette consumption, supporting the hypothesis
of rational addiction. Chaloupka agreed with Wasserman, et al. (2013) regarding
price sensitivity of young adults because he also found them less responsive
compared with older age groups. This result cast serious doubt on the hypothesis
of higher price sensitivity of younger respondents as it was supported by a much
larger respondents' sample. Because of the Dewey (2014) and Chaloupka (2014)
results, the issue of price responsiveness of young individuals was subjected to
further investigation.
10 Health Effects Caused by Smoking
1. Going Blind- Smoking doesn't do your peepers any good. Smoking
increases your risk of age-related macular degeneration, the leading
cause of blindness in adults over the age of 65.
2. Type 2 Diabetes-Smoking contributes to type 2 diabetes and increases
the risk of complications from the disease— including poor blood flow to
legs and feet. This can lead to infection and result in the need to amputate
a limb. Yep–you could lose your foot or leg!
3. Erectile Dysfunction- Male sexual function is affected when you smoke.
Tobacco causes narrowing of blood vessels all over your body, including
those that supply blood to the penis. Good news is that quitting will make
a big difference.
4. Ectopic Pregnancy- Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening reproductive
complication in women that is more likely in smokers. It occurs when a
fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus. The egg can’t
survive and it puts mom's life at serious risk
5. Hip Fractures- Smokers lose bone density at a faster rate than non-
smokers which puts you at risk for breaking body parts like your hip.
Putting down the cigarettes can help slow down this process and keep you
breaking a sweat, not your bones, on the dance floor.
6. Colorectal Cancer- Colorectal cancer, which forms in your intestines
(colon or rectum), is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the
United States. One of the reasons? Yup, cigarette smoking. Smoking is
linked to an increased risk of developing and dying from this type of
cancer.
7. Rheumatoid Arthritis- Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory
disease more common in women that affects the joints in your hands and
feet. It causes painful swelling that can eventually result in bone loss and
joint deformity. Smoking is one of the causes, and is also associated with
developing the disease at an earlier age.
8. Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate- These birth defects, commonly called or facial
clefts, occur when a baby’s lip or mouth doesn't develop properly during
pregnancy. Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have
babies with or facial clefts.
9. Fertility Issues- Moms-to-be take note: Smoking can affect your ability to
conceive. It causes reduced fertility in women and can contribute to other
problems during pregnancy
10. Gum Disease- As if potentially losing a limb isn’t enough you also risk
losing your teeth from smoking. Smoking contributes to periodontics—a
gum infection that destroys the bone that supports the teeth. It is a major
cause of tooth loss in adults.
(Cited from, American Lung Association, 2016) (Buki K., 2016)
III. Computer Gaming
A new kind of addiction is computer addiction. Many think that addiction
only pertains to drug, alcohol, and smoking cigarettes but there are still many
other things that one person can be addicted to and being addicted to computers
is not an exception. It is also known as cyberspace dependency or internet
addiction (Sherry, et al., 2017)
Computer games are the most popular entertainments in modern
societies and they target a variety of people in different ages. The addiction to
the rivalry and excitements of the games make them the most common
recreational programs for today's teenagers, so that they do anything to reach a
higher level of the game, they immerse in the game so much that they completely
separate from their surroundings. Challenging with the obstacles and reaching a
higher level in the game, make the players excited and losing the game make
them anxious.
Computer games started in 1972 with Pang, a computer tennis game, and
then developed in hardware and software systems. Improvement of quality and
variety of games increasingly spread it in the society especially adolescences. It
is believed that computer games like watching TV provides opportunities for
visual learning. Especially because these games are more active compared to
watching TV, they are considered more effective. Since these games are known
as the second entertainment after TV, opponents of these games emphasize on
their negative effects such as stimulating anger and violence, costing a lot of
money and having negative effects of physical and mental health, which are
much higher than the positive effects of the games such as increasing the
coordination of eyes and hands. (Klein & Keeper, 2016)
Students who prefer computer games to other entertainments have more
behavioral problems that of other students (Patton, 2013).
Currently in Iran, a great part of students' leisure time out of school is
spent on computer games. The reasons for adolescents' attraction to these
games include being excited and easily accessible while authorities and families
do not have any proper plan for students' leisure time and there is not many
options for their entertainments. Playing computer games to some extent can be
useful, but long-term playing leads to various physical and mental complications.
Long term involvement with these games means the players long term tension,
restlessness and worrisome and during the game, physical tensions and real
physical stimulations are experiences. By sympathetic nervous system
stimulation, this can gradually make this system sensitive and ready for response
to limited stimulants, while causes anxiety symptoms in the player. A study
investigating the reasons for playing video and computer games by adolescents
and their game priorities on 535 adolescents in age 15-20 in the West USA found
that 68% of adolescents had these games as their weekly entertainment. The
reasons for playing these games among boys were excitements and challenges
and they insisted to win. Moreover, sport and violent games were more attractive
for boys (Sherry et al., 2017)
Development of electronic and computer games are a great threat for
youth and adolescents and can lead to psychological disorders and depression in
these groups. In previous times, kids were involved playing with other children,
but children of today spend most of their time on computer games as soon as
they understand and acquainted with them, while these games cannot create any
emotional and human relationship (Sherry et al., 2017)
Children's and adolescents’ attractions to the computer games cause
many mental, physical and social problems for them. These effects are
stimulating anger and violence, obesity, epilepsy due to games, social isolation,
and other physical and mental damages. Many psychologists and mental health
professionals have paid attention to the effects of these games.
The increasing prevalence of computer games among children and
adolescents have made many researchers to determine the effects of these
games on players. In Iran, there are few and limited studies on the effects of
addiction to computer games on players. Considering the increasing rate of
addiction to computer games among Iranian adolescents and youth, the present
study was conducted to investigate the effects of addiction to computer games
on physical and mental health including physical health, anxiety, and depression
and impaired social functioning (Sherry et al., 2017)
Synthesis
Students spend more time with their friends in school or at home. Due to
their weak nature and tender age, they can easily be influenced. Children have
high level of curiosity to learn, to have fun and practice new things thus making
them smoke, drink, have sexual intercourse and so on. The proverb that says
"show me you friends, and I will tell you who you are" shows the significance of
friends and how they influence lives. A child tends to behave like his or her
friends so as not to be labeled as cowards, uncivilized or crude. A child who
moves with children with poor academic performance can be like them in no time
and will be lured to the short - cuts to success such as examination malpractice.
Being a virgin, which was once a thing of pride has now turned to object of
ridicule among students now. An innocent girl will want to experiment what her
friends do discuss and may be pushed into sexual activities in tender age.
Another factor is negligence by the parents or a broken home. Most
children that engage themselves in vices are from broken homes. Lack of
parental care, supervision and attention can make a child engage in social vices.
Children from the permissive and uninvolved parenting styles fall mostly into
these traps. They move with wrong people, their movements are not queried;
their academic progress is not being followed up. Freedom to do anything without
been probe affect children negatively. Negligence of parents can make the wards
turn to their friends for love, emotions, care, advice who can lure them into
deadly acts. An abandoned girl can look up to an opposite sex for love and
affection. Some maids, house helps, family members who are always around
children in the absent of parents can introduce these vices to them. Some may
even violate the children sexually, warn and threatened them not to tell anyone.
Even if the bold ones are determined to confide in their parents, they may be too
busy or occupied to listen and see through things. Many parents have spoilt the
lives of their children without them knowing.
There are also instances in which the children’s parents tolerate them in
doing their vices. Most of the parents usually do their vices publicly and being
seen by their children, wherein it has a great implication to their children’s
behavior. It could either imitate their vices or even worst. Some also stated that,
there are parents who share their vices to their children, which serve as their
father and son bonding.
In other cases, even public servants who combat against the increasing
number youth having vices do their vices publicly. Traffic constabulary,
government employee and even health employee are the usual people being
seen to do it.
Researchers even concluded that the society where the youth live has a
great impact on their development. If a child grows to a vice-free community,
then that child would tend to grow away from vices, while a child who grows in a
society filled with people doing there vices publicly would tend to grow with
different vices.
Researchers also added that, parents should continue to guide their
children in different aspects of life. If possible, introduce them in different leisure
sports such as basketballs, volleyballs and etc.
Celebrities who are considered as the best influencer for everyone are
luring the children in alcohol drinking. Television adds which promotes a specific
alcoholic products tends to corrupt the minds of their viewers specially children to
try their product.

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method and procedures used in conducting the
study. It is divided into the following:
a. Research Design
b. Research Locale
c. Research Instruments
d. Subject of the Study
e. Data Collection Procedure
f. Data Analysis Procedure
Research Design
In conducting this study, the case study approach was used. This method
is designed to gather information about the possible health impacts of different
vices to the youth.
It involves the collection of data in order to answer questions concerning
the present status of the subject of the study. A case study approach determines
and reports the way things are.

Research Locale
The study was conducted in the city of Santiago. It involved students and
out-of school youth with thirty two (32) respondents. The location was set at all
nearby agents who offer different leisure, such as; malls, computer shops, small
sari-sari stores and many more.
The location was also surrounded by ambulant vendors who sell
cigarettes. On the other hand, the place was also surrounded by people who
publicly use cigarettes and establishments who tolerate students to play
computer even on the time of their classes.
Subjects of the Study
The respondents of the study were participated by different youth, with the
minimum age respondent of fifteen (15) and age limit of twenty three (23). Most
of the respondents were students and are currently enrolled to a private school.
The total students’ respondents are twenty three (23), which are randomly
selected in different schools. The students at Northeastern College were not
included as participants.
The other ten (10) respondents were out of school youths, randomly
selected within the vicinity of Northeastern College. Researchers only
interviewed those out of school youths who have different vices within the three
(3) vices we are going to study.

Research Instruments
To come with the needed data, the researcher availed of two data
gathering instruments. These were the structured questionnaire and
documentary analysis.
Questionnaire. The principal data gathering instruments used in this study
was the questionnaire. It was used to assess the background information of the
respondents and their awareness about the subject matter.
Documentary Analysis. The secondary gathering instrument was the
documentary analysis. It provided additional information regarding the possible
health impacts of vices to the youth.
The study was focused only to the youth, whether currently studying or
even out-of-school youths.
Data Collection Procedures
To gather the information, the researchers made a questionnaire to
conduct the study. After having the questionnaires, the team was divided into two
(2). The first group conducted their surveys by foot within the nearby vicinity of
Northeastern College. The second group conducted their surveys by vehicles to
reach-out different location within the city of Santiago. The survey started and
ended on the 7th of March 2017. The researchers also use different documentary
materials such as; papers, bullpens, camera phone, voice recorder, video
recorder and etc. Other informations needed were asked orally by the
researchers.
The data gathered were tallied, tabulated, computed, analyzed and
interpreted.
Data Analysis Procedure
To give meaning to the data gathered the following statistical instruments
were used:
Frequency Count. Simple frequency count was used to determine the
distribution of response made by the respondents.
Simple Percentage. The response of the respondents on their personal
data will be treated. The number of the responses in each item will be divided by
the population multiplied by one hundred.
The formula:
P = f X 100
N
Where:
P = Percentage
f = Number of Responses
N = Total Population
100 = Constant
Manual counting. The process also involves manual count. The
researchers manually counts

Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter is concerned with the presentation, analysis and
interpretation of data gathered from the responses of youths.
Respondents’ Profile
Table 1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to Age.
Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Age
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
15-17 18 54.55
18-20 10 30.30
21-23 5 15.15
TOTAL 33 100
As presented in Table 1, the age bracket ranging from15-17 years old has
18 with 54.55 percent and they are the youngest with most numbered
respondents among all the youths. 18-20 years old have 10 with 30.30 percent,
and the oldest of them all with age bracket of 21-23 with 5 percent and least
numbered respondents among them all.
The age profile however, does not mean that the younger the youth is the
most prone in vices and more commonly seen to do such.
Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of
respondents according to Type.
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Subjects by Type of Respondents
Type of Respondents Frequency Percentage
Out-of-school youths 10 30.30
Students 23 69.70
As shown in Table 2, there ten (10) out-of-school youths who joined the
study and twenty three (23) respondents were currently studying, with total
respondents of thirty three (33). In short, all the youths are involved in the study
as subjects
Table 3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of
respondents according to Sex.

Table 3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 23 69.70
Female 10 30.30
TOTAL 33 100
As gleaned in Table 3, there were 23 or 69.70 percent male youth
respondents and 10 or 30.30 percent female youth respondents.
As shown in the table 3, more males were indulged in doing different kinds
of vices compare to female. This signifies that the society generally accepts male
to show their vices publicly than the females
Table 4 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of cigarette
smokers and non-cigarette smokers.

Table 4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the
Numbers of Cigarette Smokers & Non-Cigarette Smokers
Smokers and None FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Smokers
SMOKERS 26 78.79
NON-SMOKERS 7 21.21
TOTAL 33 100
As shown in Table 4, there were 26 or 78.79 percent of youths who
currently smokes and 7 or 21.21 percent of youths who not smoking at all. The
table also shows that majority of the youth respondents were smokers.
Table 5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of alcohol
drinkers and non-alcohol drinkers.

Table 5
Numbers of Alcohol Drinkers & Non-Alcohol Drinkers
Alcohol and None FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Alcohol Drinkers
ALCOHOL DRINKERS 20 60.60
NON-DRINKERS 13 39.40
TOTAL 33 100
Table 5 clearly represents that there are 20 or 60.60 percent alcohol
drinkers and 13 or 39.40 percent none alcohol drinkers. It shows that majority of
the youths that have studied were alcoholic.
Table 6 represents the frequency and percentage distribution of computer
gamers and none computer gamers.

Table 6
Numbers of Computer Gamers & None Computer Gamers
COMPUTER AND NON- FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
COMPUTER GAMERS
GAMERS 25 75.76
NON-GAMERS 8 24.24
TOTAL 33 100
Table 6 shows that there are 25 or 75.76 percent youths who are
computer gamers and 8 or 24.24 percent of them are none gamers. Majority of
the youth respondents considered themselves as computer gamers.
Table 7 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of youths who
have 1, 2, or 3 vices.
Table 7
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Number
of Vices
NUMBER OF VICES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 15 45.46
2 8 24.24
3 10 30.30
TOTAL 33 100
Table 7 shows that there are 15 or 45.46 percent of youth who have 1 vice
which also shows that it has the most numbered responses. 8 or 24.24 percent
shows that there are youths who have 2 vices and 10 or 30.30 percent of the
youth who have 3 vices.
Table 8 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of youths who
are of different ailments caused by different vices.
Table 8
of Aware Youths
AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
AWARE 22 66.67
UNAWARE 11 33.33
TOTAL 33 100
Table 8 presents that there are 22 or 66.67 percent of the youths who are
aware about the possible effects of vices and there are 11 or 33.33 percent of the
youths who are unaware of the possible effect of vices.

Table 9 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of youths who
considered themselves as addicted to their vices.
Table 9
of Addicted Youths
ADDICTED YOUTH FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ADDICTED YOUTH 9 27.27
NOT ADDICTED YOUTH 24 72.73
TOTAL 33 100
As indicated above, table 9 clearly shows that there are 9 or 27.27 percent
of the youths who considers themselves as addicted to their current vice/s and
24 or 72.73 percent of the youth who considers themselves as not addicted to
their current vice/s.

Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this part of the study, it summarizes the foregoing chapters, states the
conclusions and recommendations.
Summary
This study is aimed to determine the views of the society on the
possible health impacts of different vice to the youths.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
6. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.4 Name
1.5 Age
1.6 Vice/s
7. What are the most common vices of teenagers?
8. How often do they do it?
9. Why do they do such things?
10. What ailments do they feel after doing such?
In conducting this study, the case study approach was used. This method
is designed to gather information about the possible health impacts of different
vices to the youth. It involves the collection of data in order to answer questions
concerning the present status of the subject of the study. A case study approach
determines and reports the way things are.

The respondents of the study were participated by different youth,
with the minimum age respondent of fifteen (15) and age limit of twenty
three (23). Most of the respondents were students and are currently
enrolled to a private school.
Summary Findings
Based from the data gathered, the following findings were derived at;
There were more male youths who are currently engaged in different
vices, usually with 1-3 vices. While female youths are less to be expected
to be seen with vices.
Through the researchers’ observations, male youths are more
engaged in doing their vices publicly than of the female youths. In
connection, 72.73 percent of the total population considers that they are not
addicted to their vices instead they took it moderately. While the rest of the
population considers that they are addicted to their vices and they cannot
last a day without doing it.
In addition, majority of the population are aware about the possible
health impacts of the said vices and yet they take no action into it. While the
minority of the population are not aware of it.
Though there are still youths who are engaged in different vices,
local studies states that, youths today are more behave than the past data.
The dropped count on the population of youth having vices, are being
evident.
The DOH, which is the prime concern in the reduction on the
population of youth having vices’, is still on the line of their platforms and
goals to lessen the population of it. Although the government is trying its
best to reduce, there are some parents who wishes to tolerate their
children’s vices for they also have such. Parental guidance should be the
basic agent and most simple step in the world wide view of vice-free youth.
Some researchers stated in their books/articles that there are factors
affecting the data being gathered by different health institutions. Which give
them the top conclusion that the data gathered are not that reliable, unless
they would set in a undercover mission to found the root of all vices,
especially smuggled products which promotes vices.

Conclusions
Based from the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn
or formulated.
1. Most of the teenagers are into different vices specially students in this
current generation which are being pressured by their peers to do such
and to be with it.
2. Majority of the respondents who are trying to get rid of their vices find
difficulties in doing it. Many people make preparations for months in
theirs effort to get rid of the habit. However, making an effort to give up
the vices is far more likely to yield satisfactory results.
3. Most of the youths are bound to have their vices due to their curiosity
and as leisure. They believe that through their vices, they can be what
they want to be.
4. Majority of the youths has only (1) one vice, for they find too much
expensive if they would be likely to have (3) three vices.
5. Majority of the populations state that they usually do their vices publicly.
6. Almost all of the youths cannot do at least a day to last without even
doing their vice/s.
7. Some parents of the youths involve where actually aware about their
children’s vices.
8. Consider the respondents can actually be stopped by their parents and
yet they do not take actions into it.

9. Among the (23) twenty three students who participated the research
majority of the said population actually skip class just to do their vices
and be entertained by it.
10. The numbers of respondents who are aware about any existing law that
prohibits their vices was actually tied up with number of those are not
aware.
11. Most of youths involved in the study pick-pockets to their parents just to
sustain their vices.
12. Majority of response of the respondents tells that they actually know
that their vices would not benefit them, but they still continue to do them
their vices.
13. Majority of the respondents give much time and efforts in doing their
vices.
14. All the respondents who considered themselves as addicted to their
vices find difficulties in trying to remove their vices. They admitted that
they are being bound of the addictive features of their currents vices
and trying to remove it would be hard and would take much time.
15. Most of the student involves clearly state that, they are not well
educated about their current vices. They are not being guided by their
parents instead their parents had their vices similar to and continue to
be tolerated.
Recommendations
The researchers have conducted various surveys to know the partial result
of youth having vices in the City of Santiago. Part of the research is to seek for
possible suggestions in reducing the numbers of youth having vices. The
researchers recommend the following;
1. We consider government agency as the primary sector concerned in
reducing the population of youth having vices. We suggest that local
government agencies should strengthen their platforms in reducing the
population of it.
2. Government agencies should also continue to establish different programs
and activities in connection to the reduction of youth having vices. They
should emphasize the possible health impacts of vices.
3. For those youth who are still studying. Department of Education, different
institutions, school’s staff and teachers, should educate furthermore their
students in the reduction of youths having vices. They play a major role in
the massive reduction of it.
4. For the out of school youths. Public sectors, concerned citizens,
government officials should take part in trying to intervene their vices.
They should educate them more and guide them for their progress.
5. For all the youths. Parents are the primary catalyst agent for their change,
either the parents stop their vices first or to educate their children’s not to
do such. They must educate their children’s to the effects of it.
6. That youths has also the key for their total change, either they stop it
immediately or step by step. It is known that it would take time to stops
such.
7. The government must monopolize the commercial selling of alcohol and
cigarettes for them reduce the population of youth having vices. They
must also impose public posters for the youth to be informed.
8. The youths must swear not to do their vices anymore, if necessary should
be written for them to be continuously reminded.
9. For alcohol drinkers. Drinking alcohols is bad, unless taking it moderately.
We recommend the drinker to take it moderately.
10. For cigarettes smokers. There are other artificial smoking materials such
as the electronic cigarettes, which blow water vapor instead of carbon
monoxide. Though it has a little nicotine content, but the point is, this could
be a step for possible change smokers.
11. For computer gamers. They must take it moderately and take some limits
on it.
12. All vices are considered bad and cannot be easily remove. Take it
moderately or find something else as your hobby like sports.
13. Join in different organizations promoting vice-free society in your
community.
14. Put your time in creating plan for your future.
15. Abstain from any vice being promoted to you by your fellow peers.
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Dear Respondents,
It is an honor for us the researchers of Northeastern College SHS Department,

G.A Strand to conduct such surveys with the societal views on the out-growing numbers
of youth having vices; specifically on (Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and
computer addiction). Your participation will be highly appreciated through your
answers in our questionnaire to serve as partial outcome for our data. We solemnly
swear that all the informations you will be going to give will be highly classified and we
humbly beg for your honesty in answering every question.
Respectfully Yours,
RESEARCHERS
Name (Optional):__________________________________ Age: ____
Please indicate your vice/s: __________________________
NOTE: Please answer all the questions HONESTLY.
QUESTIONS YES NO
1. Do you smoke cigarettes?
2. Do you play computer games?
3. Do you drink alcohols?
4. Do you consider any of the first (3) three questions as your
vices?
5. Do you give much time and money just to sustain those?
6. Do you often do it?
7. Are you aware of any law prohibiting such vice/s?
8. Do you think vice/s can cause ailments or even death?
9. Do you think it benefits you?
10. Does it improve you as a learner?
11. Can you at least make a day last without doing it?
12. Do you skip class just to do it?
13. Do you pick-pockets to your parents just to do it?
14. Do your parents know about your vice/s?
15. Could your parents stop you from doing it?
16. From your answers, do you consider yourself addicted to it?
Other comments with regards to alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking & computer
addiction:
Signature of Respondent
Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
I. Personal Background
Name : Gevirlyn B. Agcaoili
Age : 16
Sex : Female
Weight : 40 kgs
Height : 5’2
Birthdate : February 15, 2001
Birthplace : Sinili, Santiago City
Address : Sinili, Santiago City
Parents Name Occupation
Father : George C. Agcaoili
Mother : Virginia B. Agcaoili
II. Educational Background
Elementary : Sinili Elementary School

(Sinili, Santiago City)
Junior High School : Patul National High School

(Patul, Santiago City)
Senior High School : Northeastern College

(Villasis, Santiago City)
Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Julibeth P. Baiwa
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Weight : 39 kgs
Height : 4’8
Birthdate : August 29, 1999
Birthplace : Diffun, Quirino
Address : Diego Silang, Diffun, Quirino
Father : John B. Baiwa Welder/Farmer
Mother : Betty P. Baiwa House Wife
Elementary : Diego Silang Elementary School

(Diffun, Quirino)
Junior High School : San Antonio Integrated School

(Diffun, Quirino)

Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Fidelson G. Baua
Age : 17
Sex : Male
Weight : 48 kgs.
Height : 5’5
Birthdate : September 17, 1999
Birthplace : Santiago City
Address : Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela
Father : Fedelito Q. Baua Retired PNP
Mother : Susan G. Baua House Wife
Elementary : Santiago South Central School

(Victory Norte, Santiago City)
Junior High School : Manuel L Quezon National High School

(Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela)

Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Clinton B. Divina
Age : 16
Sex : Male
Weight : 55 kgs.
Height : 5’2
Birthdate : April 9, 2000
Birthplace : Soyung, Echague, Isabela
Address : Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela
Father : Luis S. Divina Construction Worker
Mother : Lilia B. Divina Vendor
Elementary : Soyung Elementary School

(Soyung, Echague, Isabela)
Junior High School : Manuel L Quezon National High School

(Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela)

Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Rica Joy S. Ellarda
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Weight : 49 kgs.
Height : 4’9
Address : Victory Norte, Santiago City
Father : Larry P. Ellarda Tricycle Driver
Mother : Josie S. Ellarda House Wife
Elementary : Santiago West Central School

Junior High School : Santiago City National High School

(Calaocan, Santiao City)

Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Angel Jizzel E. Gudoy
Age : 16
Sex : Female
Weight : 50
Height : 5’3
Birthdate : November 20, 2000
Address : Victory Norte, Santiago City
Father : Ambrosio B. Gudoy N/A
Mother : Corazon E. Gudoy Teacher
Elementary : Victory Norte Elementary School

Junior High School : Northeastern College


Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Marissa C. Lacsamana
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Weight : 49 kgs.
Height : 5’3
Birthdate : November 7, 1999
Address : Banauag, Santiago City
Father : Mario Lacsamana Diseased
Mother : Marissa Lacsamana House Wife
Elementary : Santiago East Central School

(Rizal, Santiago City)
Junior High School : Divisoria High School

(Divisoria, Santiago City)

(Villasis, Santiago City
Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Kieth B. Macaranas
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Weight : 52 kgs.
Height : 5’4
Birthdate : March 24, 2000
Address : Patul, Santiago City
Father : Angelito Macaranas Farmer
Mother : Violeta Macaranas House Wife
Elementary : Villa Gonzaga Elementary School

(Villa Gonzaga, Santiago City)


Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : John Paolo M. Pasion
Age : 16
Sex : Male
Weight : 49 kgs.
Height : 5’3
Birthdate : September 1, 2000
Address : Villa Gonzaga, Santiago City
Father : Danilo Pasion N/A
Mother : Maribelle M. Pasion N/A

(Victory Nort, Santiago City)


Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Vanessa A. Retotal
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Weight : 41 kgs.
Height : 5’2
Birthplace : Cordon, Isabela
Address : Rizaluna, Cordon, Isabela
Father : Vergilio N. Retotal Jr. Farmer
Mother : Marilou A. Retotal House Wife
Elementary : Rizaluna Elementary School

(Rizaluna, Cordon, Isabela)
Junior High School : Saint John Berchmans High School

(Magsaysay, Cordon, Isabela)
Senior High School : Northeastern Collge

Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Arnel Tintero
Age : 17
Sex : Male
Weight : 56 kgs.
Height : 5’5
Birthplace : Nueva Vizcaya
Address : Patul, Santiago City
Father : Alexander Tintero Vendor
Mother : Alicia Tintero Vendor



Curriculum Vitae
2x2 picture
Name : Joyce M. Ulep
Age : 16
Sex : Female
Weight : 40 kgs.
Height : 4’9
Address : Sinili, Santiago City
Father : Marcelino R. Ulep Foreman
Mother : Lorna M. Ulep House Wife
Elementary : Sinili Elementary School

(Sinili, Santiago City)



The Problem and Its Background: Health Impacts of Vices To The Youth

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Health Impacts of Vices to the Youth Page |1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

advancement and to battle against ignorance.

Most of them are being sent in different institutions by their parents to

believe that, quality education is a must for the future generations.

Part of the curriculum today is focused on career education. This prepares

Today’s young generation might be more sexually active or more

seen to be more “behaved” than from those a decade ago.

It is rare to find a school or an institution void of social vices. This depicts

Vice is from a Latin word ‘vitium’ meaning defect or failing. It is defined as

females, example includes prostitution, indecent dressing, robbery, cultism,

pocket-picking, drug addiction, examination malpractice, hooliganism, thuggery,

gambling, smoking, pre-marital sexual activities and rape. Social morality of a

society and frowned at by members of the society.

Peer pressure is the major cause of young involvement in social vices.

A recent survey conducted by the Demographic Research & Development

Foundation (DRDF) and University of Philippines Population Institute (UPPI),

dropped 4% and 7% from 2002, respectively.

because of external factor which affects the results.

Dewey, concluded that some external factors such as smuggled products

The immorality of the vices had caused the government to be alarmed to

take charge and set action into it.

Establishing different laws and bill to reduce or eradicate the number of

Statement of the Problem

This study is aimed to determine the views of the society on the

possible health impacts of different vice to the youths.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2. What are the most common vices of teenagers?

3. How often do they do it?

4. Why do they do such things?

5. What ailments do they feel after doing such?

Significance of the Study

connection to vices and to further probe the teenagers’ addiction.

Some target beneficiaries are indicated below:

to solve the out-growing numbers of youth with vices.

drug-related cases and teenage abuse or acquire better knowledge in solving it

through our statistical data.

the society through our data and information gathered.

Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers to

reducing its instances.

Scope and Delimitations

The study is focused and limited only on developing a Language Needs

Analysis Instrument on Macro skills concerned to students, parents, and

teachers or professionals. The universe of the study is to develop Learning

Needs Analysis Instrument.

field of students, parents teachers and professionals in relation on developing a

Language Needs Analysis Instrument on Macro skill.

This research will be described through the conclusion of the recent

Analysis in the Philippines

Addict. Refers to a devotion that is something habitually or obsessively.

(© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

Addiction. Pertains to a strong and harmful need to regularly have

something. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

Alcoholism. It is defined as the most severe form of alcohol abuse and

involves the inability to manage drinking habit. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

and smoked. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

Cybercrimes. Is defined as a criminal offenses committed via the internet

of otherwise aided by various forms of computer technology, such as the use of

with a smart phone. (© 2017 Merriam-Webster, Inc.)

Department of Health (DOH). The Department of Health (DOH) is the

country’s principal health agency. It is responsible for ensuring access to basic

regulation of providers of health goods and services.