*Sarcasm: bitter irony sneeringly ironical remarks to hurt somebody’s feelings.

Ex:
“The more I know about human beings the more I want to be an animal.”
“Oh yes, we know how clever you are!” “Well, Mr. Know-it-all what’s the answer this
time?”
*Synecdoche: substitution of the whole for the part and vice versa
Ex:
Vietnam won the football match.
I don’t want you to come under my roof.
This work requires an intelligent brain.
The world has robbed 2000 souls of the village.
*Metonymy: substitution of related words
Ex:
The kettle is boiling.
The disease has cut off his breath.
Ways to identify a metonymy:
+ Container-Contained:
- Very thirsty he gulped down the whole bottle
- As the teacher entered the room the whole class stand up.
+ Author-Works:
- Have you read Khái Hưng yet.
- This is not a Picasso.
+ Profession-Means:
- I live on my pen.
- My Tyson lives on his gloves.
+ Symbol-Reality:
- He tries his best to win her heart.
- He succeeded to the crown.
- He has the tongue of a king.
- She has an ear for music.
+ Material-Objects made of it:
- All our glass is kept in the cupboard.
- You can get our gold in the upper drawer.
*Personification: Endowing an inanimate object with human qualities
Ex:
- The leaves are dancing in the morning wind.
- The waves tore the ship into pieces.
*Hyperbole: Overstatements or exaggeration
Ex:
- I’m so hungry that I can swallow a cow.
- I’ve invited millions of people to my party.
- I haven’t seen you for ages.
*Euphemism: the use of pleasant, mild, comforting, or indirect expression for one that is
taboo, negative, offensive or too direct.
- Could you tell me where the restroom is.
- His father had just passed away.
- Caught by the cold, he went to the fathers.
Kahoot
What is the way of metonymy used in this sentence:
My hands are as cold as ice.
I will make him eat his words
He’s the best pen of the day.
She has a good head of business.
Their majesty died a year ago.
Exercise:
She usually sheds floods of tears whenever she is upset.
We need a force of a thoundsand rifles.
You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.
He washed his hand out of the matter
He looks as though he hasn’t had a square meal for months.
Who brought fire and sword into our country?
Why don’t you recognize the power of the purse?
I found the 52 pounds of books you left for me to carry. Your kindness really moves me.
The man is a demon for work.
They organized a fleet of 50 sails.

1. Simile: my hands are very cold

2. Metaphor: I’ll make him admit that what he said is wrong.
3. Metonymy: he is the best writer of the day.
4. Metonymy: he is very good at dealing with business.
5. Metonymy: Their king died a year ago.
6. Hyperbole: She cries a lot …
7. Metonymy: …thousand soldiers.
8. Metaphor: you come and leave so hastily / quickly.
9. Metaphor: He refused to have anything more to do with the matter.
10. Metaphor: ….a big and satisfying meal…
11. Metonymy: Who brought the war into our country?
12. Metonymy: … the power of money.
13. Irony: you’re not kind at all.
14. Metaphor: the man is an energetic person who works very hard.
15. Synecdoche: …. 50 ships.