PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the University of Kerala in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA)

By

ARUN UDAY (Reg. No: 33218815005)

NANDHU U (Reg. No: 33218815022)

VENUGOPAL S (Reg. No: 33218815029)

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Salini S Nair

Asst. Professor in Computer Applications

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

SREE NARAYANA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

VADAKKEVILA, KOLLAM

University of Kerala

Thiruvananthapuram

202

SREE NARAYANA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

VADAKKEVILA, KOLLAM-10
 University of Kerala

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this report entitled “ ” is a bonafide record of project work done by
and during the year 2021 under our supervision and guidance, towards partial
fulfillment of requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Computer
Applications of the University of Kerala.

Examiners I Hea
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2.

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project report entitled “ANV ACADEMICS” is a bonafide
record of the project work done by us, under the guidance of Mrs. Salini S Nair, Asst.
Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Sree Narayana College of
Technology, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree in BCA
(Bachelor of Computer Application) under the university of Kerala.

We also declare that the project has not been submitted to any other university or Institution
for the award of degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other similar title or
recognition.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning about the people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement has crowned the efforts with success. We would like to thank
almighty god all blessings he has bestowed upon us to complete our work.

We take immense pleasure in expressing our heartfelt indepthness to our Principal Dr.
Anitha Sankar C us to conduct and successfully complete this project. With heartful thanks,
I would like to take up this opportunity to wish my internal guide Mrs. Salini S Nair, Asst.
Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Sree Narayana College of
Technology for the endless support, encouragement and suggestions in various stages of the
development of the project. We also wish to extend our sincere and hearty respect and thanks
to Mrs. Salini S Nair, Head of the Department of Computer Applications, Sree
Narayana College of Technology.

We also wish to extend our sincere and hearty respects and thanks to Mrs. Renjini J, Mrs.
Cindiya G Nathan, Mrs. Aswathy V R, Mrs. Deepa Rajendran, Mr. Kannan S who
helped us to make the project a success.

Last, but not least we would like to thank our parents and friends for the support and help
they provided to complete our project.

WITH GRATITUDE,

ARUN UDAY
 ABSTRACT

Turf playground are used to play various sports like football, rugby, tennis, cricket, etc.
People enjoy playing on the turf, it has vibrant environment and very safe to play. Many
school teams and clubs prefer turf playground for practice and training purpose. Sometime it
becomes difficult to book turf playground because of timing issue or the slot getting booked
previously. This sports ground booking website is proposed for booking the turf in an easy
and efficient way. It has three modules namely, Admin, Manager and User. Admin can login
and can add turf locations, assign manager by creating login credentials for manager, add
price details for the particular turf, manages turf and view the details of sports venues
booking for all locations. Managers assigned by the Admin are different for different Turf
playground locations. Managers will get login credentials from admin, he/she can login
using credentials, he/she can check the rates, view the request for turf booking for the
respective location, can accept booking, generate bill and can view the booking history.
Users can check the availability of the turf, select timings, fill personal details, can pay by
providing bank details or card details and he/she can also see view previous turf booking
history.

INTRODUCTION
This application is intended to manage all the activities of Online Turf
Booking. Admin is the main user of the website who will manage every
activity. This project is developed in Java and the database used here is
MYSQL using MVC architecture. In the backend, we have used Servlet. Any
turf owners or any user who wants to do the booking online of Turf can use
this application.

This online platform of Turf booking will help the cricket & Football
enthusiastic users to book their choice of available slots online. Users can not
only book the turf for their favorite sports but also can view their booking
history. This system has replaced the manual process of going to the location
to book with an automated online process. Through this application, the
admin can view, add and Manage users and turf.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and
using the information to recommend improvements on the system. System analysis is a
problem-solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users
and system developers.

System analysis or study is an important phase of any system development process. The
system is viewed as a whole, the inputs are identified and the system is subjected to close
study to identify the problem areas. The solutions are given as a proposal. The proposal is
reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This loop ends as soon as the user
is satisfied with the proposal.

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Currently, the type of system being used at the counter is an internal system which is
manually used in bookings. The problems faced by the company are that customers have to
go to the counter to book an slot, customers will also have to queue up for a long time in
order to secure a slot and will also need to pay cash when they make booking.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

By considering the problems from the existing system, a more advanced system has been
proposed. In the new system the user will be asked to register once at the start. The
application proposed will allow users to book any sports amenity if available. Our
application will then provide the user with a list nearby sports amenity. The list will also
contain the information about booking availability. Based on the information the user has to
decide the ground or court he/she wishes to play on. While booking a particular ground or
court team/user has to pay 50% of ground fees then only booking is confirmed. If the
team/user makes the booking where ground or court is available, the team will be allocated a
ground or court for specified time slot. But if the ground is not available and the team/user
still wishes to book the ground then the application will show all nearby grounds where
bookings had not made. Bookings for ground will be given on first come first serve.
 3.3 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

A feasibility study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine and document viability

of . It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of a project at the earliest
possible time. An estimate is made of whether the identified user needs may be satisfied
using current software and hardware technologies. The study will decide if the will be cost
effective from the business point of view and if it can be developed in the given existing
budgetary constraints. The feasibility study should be relatively cheap and quick. The result
should inform the decision of whether to go ahead with a more detailed analysis.

⮚ Technical Feasibility

⮚ Operational Feasibility

⮚ Economic Feasibility

3.3.1 Technical Feasibility

The technical feasibility assessment is focused on gaining and understanding of the present
technical resources of the organization and their applicability to the expected needs of the
proposed system. It is an evaluation of the hardware and software and how it meets the need
of the proposed system.

In this system, data can be easily stored and managed using database management system
software. This project is developed using PHP with MySQL as database. PHP is powerful
server scripting language, and is the front-end of this project with MySQL as backend. It is a
powerful database server which provides data integrity and consistency. The reports and
results for various queries can be generated easily. It also uses bootstrap for the interface
design. Therefore, the system is technically feasible.

3.3.2 Operational Feasibility

The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to which the proposed
development project fits in the existing business environment and objectives.
 The website provides a user-friendly environment, so a person with little computer
background could easily operate the system. The system is capable of meeting all future
changes without much modification.

3.3.3 Economic Feasibility

The purpose of economic feasibility assessment is to determine the positive economic

benefits to the organization that the proposed system will provide.

When compared with the advantage obtained from implementing the system its cost is
affordable. Also, the system is designed to meet the modifications required in the future and
this system is made as the part of academic project.

3.4 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

3.4.1 Software Specification

⮚ Operating system : Windows series.

⮚ Server Side Programming : PHP

⮚ Web Browser : Internet Explorer/Mozilla/Chrome

⮚ Markup Language : HTML

⮚ Database : My SQL

⮚ Designing Tool : VS code.

3.4.2 Hardware Specifications

⮚ Processor : Intel Dual Core

⮚ RAM : 1.00GB or Higher

⮚ Hard Disk : 24.00 GB or Higher

⮚ Keyboard : QWERTY Keyboard

 ⮚ Mouse : Optical Mouse

⮚ Monitor : LCD Monitor

3.5 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The system should be compatible enough to hold the general traffic. It should not get hang
or show some other problems arising out due to large no of concurrent users. The system
should be fast enough to meet the users. An uninterrupted transaction must be performed.

⮚ Security

The system must be fully accessible to only authentic user such us doctors. It should
require a valid user name and password for the entry which is early approved by the
administrator.

⮚ Reliability

The application should be highly reliable and it should generate all information that
are required for the alumni as well as admin.

⮚ Availability

Any information about system should be quickly available from any computer to the
authorized user.

⮚ Maintainability

The application should be maintainable in such a manner that if any new

requirement occurs then it should be easily implemented in the system.

⮚ Portability

The application should be portable on any windows-based system. It should not be

machine specific.
3.5.1 Overview of PHP:

PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web

development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP is a widely
used open source general purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web
development and can be embedded into HTML. Instead of lots of commands to output
HTML, PHP pages contain HTML with embedded code that does something. The PHP code
is enclosed in special start and end processing instructions <? php and ?> that allow you to
jump into and out of PHP mode. What distinguishes PHP from something like client-side
java script is that the code is executed on the server, generating HTML which is ten sent to
the client. The client would receive the results of running that script, but would not know
what the underlying code was. You can even configure your web server to process your
entire HTML file with PHP, and then there’s really no way that users can tell what you have
up yourselves.

The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer, but offers
many advanced features for a professional programmer. PHP is mainly focused on
server-side scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI program can do, such as collect
form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cookies.

3.5.2 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents

designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such
as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage
and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a
webpage semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

3.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is an important tool used by system analyst. DFD provide an
overview of what data a system would process, what transformation of data are done, what
files are used and where the results flow. The graphical representation of the system makes it
a good communication tool between the user and the analyst, Analysis model help us to
understand the relationship between different components in the design. Analysis model
shows the user clearly how a system will function. This is the first technical representation
of the system.

The analysis modeling must achieve three primary objectives.

● To establish a basis for creation of software design.

● To describe what the user requires.
 ● To define set of requirements that can be validated once the software us build.
A data flow diagram is a graphical technique tat depicts information flow and transforms
that are applied as data move from input to output. The DFD is used to represent increasing
information flow and functional details. A level 0 DFD also called fundamental system
model represents the entire software elements as single bubble with input and output
indicated by incoming and outgoing arrow respectively.

3.6.1 Data Flow Notations

1. Process symbol: A function is represented using a circle. This symbol is called a

process or a bubble.

2. External Entity Symbol: The external entity is represented by a rectangle. The

external entities are essentially those physical entities external to the software system
which interact with the systems

3. Data Flow Symbol: A directed arc or an arrow is used as a data flow symbol.

4. Data Store Symbol: A data store represents a logical file. It is represented using
parallel lines.

5. Output Symbol: The output symbol is used when a hard copy is produced and the
user of the copies cannot be clearly specified or there are several users of the output.
 A few guidelines to aid the derivation of a DFD:

⮚ The level 0 DFD should depict the software/system as a single bubble.

⮚ Primary input and output should be noted.

⮚ Refinement should begin by isolating candidate processes, data objects and the

stores to be represented in the next level.

⮚ All arrows and bubbles should be labelled with a meaningful name.

⮚ Information flow continuity must be maintained from level to level and.

⮚ One bubble at a time should be refined.

The level 0 DFD is expanded to level 1 DFD. The process represented in the level 1 DFD
can be further refined to level 2 DFD. Information flow continuity is maintained between
levels. The refinement continues until each bubble performs a simple function. That is, until
the process represented by the bubble performs a function that would be easily implemented
as a program. The DFD serves two purposes:
To provide an indication of how data is transformed as they move through the system, and
to depict the functions (and sub functions) that transforms the data flow. DFD provide
additional information that is used during the analysis of the information domain and serves
as a basis for the modelling of functions.
 CONTEXT LEVEL DFD (Level 0)

Figure 3.6.1.1 Context Flow Diagram

 LEVEL 1 DFD - Admin

Data Flow Diagram for Administrator

LEVEL 1 DFD - STAFF
 LEVEL 1 DFD - Advisor

Figure 3.6.1.4 Data Flow Diagram for Advisor

MENU TREE

Menu tree is also helpful for representing the simplified version of the system. Which is in
the form of a tree structure. Here firstly the entire system taken as the main part, and them
each module coming in that system can be represented as the branches and their functions of
each module can be represented as same as leaf in the tree. So, menu tree is the hierarchical
representation of entire system, so it is very helpful for identifying the system easily.

Symbols used in Menu Tree:

A Rectangle represents Menus

--------------------------------

A Line represents the Connection

MODULE DESCRIPTION

There are three types of actors in the application, one is ADMIN,STAFF who
can manage the Turf and the other one will be the User/Players who can view
Information of Turf and can Book it online. Let’s see all the details step by
step.

Admin is the main user here who will manage all the activity such as

● Admin can VIEW the registered users.

● Admin can search users by Name and Email id.
● Admin can ADD/UPDATE/DELETE/VIEW category List.
● Admin can Manage Turf Timing and price.
● Admin can UPDATE/DELETE Turf Timing and price.
● Admin can VIEW Booking.

User/Customer.

● Users can VIEW the Time Slot availability.

● Users can Book the Turf.
● Users can View the Booking History.
● Users can VIEW/UPDATE the profile.
● Users can UPDATE the password.

Staff.

● Staff can VIEW the registered users.

● Staff can search users by Name and Email id.
● Staff can ADD/UPDATE/DELETE/VIEW category List.
● Staff can VIEW Booking.
● Staff can ACCEPT Booking
DATABASE DESIGN:

Databases are the storehouses of data used in the software systems. The data is stored in
tables inside the database. Several tables are created for the manipulation of the data for the
system. Two essential settings for a database are - the field that is unique for all the record
occurrences. -the field used to set relation between tables. Normalization is a technique to
avoid redundancy in the tables.

4NORMALIZATION

Normalization is a process of decomposing the attributes in an application, which results in

a set of tables with very simple structure. The purpose of normalization is to make tables as
simple as possible. Normalization is carried out in this system for the following reasons.

● To structure the data so that there is no repetition of data, this helps in saving space.
● To permit simple retrieval of data in response to query and report request.
● To simplify the maintenance of the data through updates, insertions and deletions.
● To reduce the need to restructure or recognize data which new application
requirements arise.

Primary key is assigned for this purpose. The primary key fields in almost all the tables
help to ease the search and improve efficiency. The proposed system is using the second
normal form as it is found most suitable. In second normal form each row must contain
associated fields that describe an attribute of the entry that the table describes.

Here are the most commonly used normal forms:

● First normal form(1NF)

● Second normal form(2NF)
● Third normal form(3NF)

First Normal Form (1NF)

As per the rule of first normal form, an attribute of a table cannot hold multiple values. It
should hold only atomic values.
Second Normal Form (2NF)

A table is said to be in 2NF if both the following conditions hold:

● Table is in 1NF (First normal form).

● No non-prime attribute is dependent on proper subset of any candidate key of table.

An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as non-prime attribute.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

A table design is said to be in 3NF if both the following conditions hold:

● Table must be in 2NF

● Transitive functional dependency of non-prime attribute or any super key should
be removed.

An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as non-prime attribute.

In other words, 3NF can be explained like this: A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for
each functional dependency X->Y at least one of the following conditions hold:

● X is a super key of table

● Y is a prime attribute of table

An attribute that is part of one of the candidate key is known as prime attribute.

Tables in this project uses second normal form.

TABLES DESIGN
 SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is a critical aspect of Software Quality Assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. Testing is a process of executing a
program with the intent of finding an error. A good test is one that has a probability of
finding undiscovered error. The purpose of testing is to identify and correct bugs in the
developed system. Nothing is complete without testing. Testing is the vital to the success of
the system.

Testing is the process of running a system with the intention of finding errors. Testing
enhances the integrity of a system by detecting deviations in design and errors in the system.
Testing aims at detecting error-prone areas. This helps in the prevention of errors in a system.
Testing also adds value to the product by conforming to the user requirements.

The main purpose of testing is to detect errors and error-prone areas in a system. Testing
must be thorough and well-planned. A partially tested system is as bad as an untested system.
And the price of an untested and under-tested system is high.

The implementation is the final and important phase. It involves user-training, system
testing in order to ensure successful running of the proposed system. The user tests the
system and changes are made according to their needs. The testing involves the testing of the
developed system using various kinds of data. While testing, errors are noted and correctness
is the mode.

The testing steps performed are given below:

● Unit testing.

● Integration testing.

● Acceptance testing.

Unit Testing
Unit testing focuses efforts on the smallest unit of software design. This is known as
module testing. The modules are tested separately. The test is carried out during
programming stage itself. In this step, each module is found to be working satisfactory as
regards to the expected output from the module.

Integration Testing
 Data can be lost across an interface. One module can have an adverse effect on another,
sub functions, when combined, may not be linked in desired manner in major functions.
Integration testing is a systematic approach for constructing the program structure, while at
the same time conducting test to uncover errors associated within the interface. The objective
is to take unit tested modules and builds program structure. All the modules are combined
and tested as a whole.

Acceptance Testing

User acceptance of a system is the key factor for the success of any system. The system
under consideration is tested for the user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with the
prospective system users at the time of developing and making changes whenever required.

CONCLUSION
In summary, this project aims to give an agile booking experience and an organized management
system for sports complex. If implemented it will give a new experience to customers as well as
contribute a part for fit nation movement. With the growing technologies and mobilephones this is
the right time to adapt this technology so that people can make best out of it.

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