f&& testbook.com Battle Of Buxar - Modern History Notes For UPSC 2021/09/22 The Battle of Buxar was one of the decisive battles of Indian history. It took place in the north-east region of the country in 1764. It was the Battle of Buxar which earned the British East India Company control over Bengal and Bihar. The seeds for this significant battle was sown soon after the Battle of Plassey The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British East India Company's force led by Hector Munro and the combined forces of Shah Alam II (the Mughal emperor), Shuja-Ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh) and Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal). The battle came to an end in 1765 with the victory of the Company and the surrender of Shah Alam II. Following the battle, Robert Clive representing the Company signed the treaty of Allahabad with Shuja-Ud- Daula and Shah Alam-II. In this article on Battle of Buxar, the prelude of the battle, immediate causes, course and results of the battle are discussed. This is a very important topic under modern history for UPSC aspirants in the prelims as well as mains examination. Also, check the NCERT notes on Battle of Plassey here. Background Of Battle Of Buxar The British Forces’ roots got a firm hold on land of Bengal after emerging victorious in Battle of Plassey in 1757. AS a consequence of the Battle of Plassey Siraj-Ud-Daulah was replaced by the British East India company with Mir Jafar, commander of Siraj-Ud-Daulah as the puppet emperor. Mir Jafar after ascending the throne could not cope up with the ever increasing demands from the Britishers. He consequently joined hands with the Dutch East India Company and revolted. This caused the British to foree Mir Jafar to resign with a pension of Rs. 15000 as annual pension in 1760. Now, the British East India made Mir Qasim, Son-in-law of Mir Jafar as the new Nawab of Bengal. Study the NCERT notes on the first and second Anglo-Mysore wars here. Key Reasons That Led To War Mir Qasim, a strong and efficient ruler determined to make the affairs of the state better, shifted the capital from Murshidabad in Calcutta to Munger in Bihar, in 1762. He declared himself to be an independent ruler. This angered the British as they wanted him to be their puppet ruler He also hired foreign country experts to train his army as their strength is very necessary for Mir Qasim to maintain his independence.British East India Company officials misused the Farman of 1717 and Dastak for their personal gain. This act led Mir Qasim to take the extreme step of abolishing all duties on International trade which gave an edge to his own subjects in trade and keep the British at check. He treated both the British merchants and Indian Merchants equally and thus denied any special treatment to the East India Company causing them huge revenue losses. The British demanded preferential treatment over all others. All these factors, especially the tussle over the transit duty resulted in the outbreak of war in 1763. Read the NCERT notes on the third and fourth Anglo-Mysore wars here. Course Of Battle Of Buxar When the war broke out in 1763, English forces led by Hector Munro, one of the most competent majors of history, secured continuous victories at Giria, Katwa, Murshidabad, Munger and Sooty. This crushing defeat forced Mir Qasim to flee to Awad and there he formed an alliance with Indian rulers in the hopes of expelling the British once and for all with Shuja-Ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh Shah Alam ~ II, a Mughal emperor, who wanted to regain Bengal from Britishers. Finally the most important battle that pose as a turning point in Indian history happened at Buxar, a small town on the banks of Ganga river on October 22, 1764 between the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja- Ud-Daula and Shah Alam-II against the English forces led by Major Hector Munro. The joint army was defeated by the English Forces in a neck to neck contest. Also, check the NCERT notes on the first Carnatic war here. Results Of Battle Of Buxar Mir Qasim abandoned his troops and escaped from the battle field. Shah Alam-II and Shuja-Ud-Daula surrendered to the British. The English became the uncontested rulers of Northern India and announced them as contenders of power and supremacy throughout India. Robert Clive, who played an important role in the battle, signed two important treaties with Shuja-Ud- Daula and Shah Alam-II called the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. ‘After the war, Mir Jafar was again made the puppet ruler by the English. Mir Jafar also surrendered the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong to the English to maintain ‘their army. The British traders were also granted preferential duty exemptions on trade in Bengal except on salt with a duty of 2 percent. After the demise of Mir Jafar, his minor son Nizam-Ud-Daula was made the emperor. But the British maintained the real power of administration by appointing Naib-Subedar of their choice. Later Nizam-Ud-Daula became a pensioner of the British by signing a treaty with RS.53 lakhs per year. In 1772, the British East India Company completely abolished the pension scheme and took over the administration of Bengal directly in their hands.Check the NCERT notes on the third Carnatic war here. Treaty Of Allahabad Lord Robert Clive signed two important treaties with Shuja-Ud-Daula and Shah Alam-II at Allahabad after the Battle of Buxar in 1765. First treaty of Allahabad with Shuja-Ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awad: Shuja-Ud-Daula was forced to cede Allahabad and Kara to Shah Alam-II. He also agreed to pay indemnity of Rs.50 lakhs to the East India Company. His full possession of the estate was handed over to Zamindar of Banaras, Balwant Singh. Even though the Shuja-Ud-Daula was defeated, Awadh was never annexed but left as a buffer state to protect against foreign invasion. Second treaty of Allahabad with Shah Alam: Shah Alam was to reside under Company's protection at Allahabad which he got from Shuja-Ud- Daula under the first treaty of Allahabad. ‘The districts of Bihar and Orissa were to be ceded to the company. Shah Alam had to provide a farman granting Diwani rights of Bengal to the company. In return for the Nizamat function, that is defence, police and justice administration, Shah Alam had to pay Rs.53 Lakhs per annum to the Company for the Districts of Bihar, Orissa and Bengal. Also, study the NCERT notes on the second Anglo-Maratha war here. Testbook is a most trusted app for government exam preparation.Aspirants can strengthen their preparation by attending live coaching sessions, daily current affairs sessions, mock tests, quizzes and much more which are available in the Testbook app. Download the ‘Testhaok App now! Battle of Buxar FAQs Q.1 Who fought the Battle of Buxar? Ans.1 The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British East India Company and the combined army of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II, the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-Ud-Daula and the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar. Q.2 What was the result of the Battle of Buxar? Ans.2 The British East India Company won the Battle of Buxar and Shah Alam-II and Shuja-Ud-Daula surrendered to the company. Soon after the surrender, Robert Clive signed the ‘Treaty of Allahabad with Shah Alam-II and Shuja-td-Daula. Q.3 How did the Treaty of Allahabad benefit the Company? Ans.3 Under the Treaty of Allahabad of 1765, diwani right over Bengal was granted to the company, Bihar and Orissa were ceded to them and Shuja-Ud-Dawla paid a war indemnity of Rs. 50 lakhs to the company. In this way, the Treaty of Allahabad benefited the company. Q4 What was the cause of the Battle of Buxar? Ans.4 The farman of 1717 and Dastak was misused by the British East India Company. This angered the then Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim and he abolished the duties on international trades and denied preferentialtreatment to the British paved the way for the Battle of Buxar. Q.5 What is the duration for UPSC optional papers? Ans.5 Similar to all the other papers of the UPSC mains examination, UPSC optional papers are also conducted for a duration of 3 hours. testbook LIVE COACHING FOR eT [oye ty acto lo Classes Soot) esa) NE SEW co Lo SCCM | [alee The Complete Exam Preparation ser] cs