EeyAtesy Calendar 41.0 INTRODUCTION This is another important chapter in reasoning. Questions based on calendar are of set pattern and hence follow set rules. We are giving below the definition/meaning of certain words which are used in solving questions on calendar. Ordinary year : ‘An ordinary year has 365 Days. There are 52 weeks in an Ordinary year. In an ordinary year, frst and last day of the year are same. For example 1985, 2001, 2003, 2100 etc. are all ordinary years. In an ordinary year February is of 28 days. Leap year : A year which is divisible by 4 is called leap year. A leap year has 366 Days. For example 2000, 1984, 2004, are all leap years. For a leap year, if first day is Monday then last day will be Tuesday for the same year. In a leap year february is of 29 days. Century year : Year ending in 00's is Century year. For example 900, 1200, 1800, 2000 all are Century years. In case of century year we check the divisibility by 400. The year divisible by 400 is considered leap vyear. e.g. 1200, 1600, 2000 all are leap years. 2.0 ODD DAYS We know that a week contains 7 days counting from Monday to Sunday. So, any number of days, which are more than complete number of a week in a given period are called odd days. For example, a period of 10 days contains 3 odd days, 11 days contains 4 odd days, 12 days contains 5 odd days. But period of 14 days contains zero odd day. Therefore, in finding number of odd days in a given period of time, one has to divide that period by 7. If it is completely divisible by 7, it contains zero odd day and if it is not divisible by 7, then remaining number of days are the odd days. + Anordinary year has 1 odd day. (52 weeks + 1 day) + Alleap year has 2 odd day. (52 weeks + 2 days) + Odd days in 100 years = 5, + Odd days in 200 years = 3, * Odd days in 300 years = 1, + Odd days in 400 years = 0. Instead, a year divisible by 100 would not be a leap year unless that year was also exactly divisible by 400. This means that the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years, as will be 2400 and 2800, but the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not, nor will 2100, 2200, and 2300. + Every fourth year is a leap year. 2004, 2008, and 2012 are leap years. + However, every hundredth year is not a leap year. 1900 and 2100 are not leap years. + Every four hundred years, there's a leap year after all. 2000 and 2400 are leap years. 3.0 ODD DAYS FOR WEEK DAYS Table : (Odd days for week days) Days | Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday} Thursday | Friday | Saturday Odddays| 0 1 2 3 4 3 6Class X : MAT 4.0 ODD DAYS FOR MONTHS IN A YEAR Table : (Odd days for months in a year) Ordinary year | Days |Odd days| Leap year | Days | Odd days January 31 3 January | 31 3 February 28 0 Februay | 29 1 March 31 3 March 31 3 April 30 2 April 30 2 May. 31 3 May 31 3 June 30 2 dune 30 2 July 31 3 July 31 3 ‘August 31 3 August 31 3 September 30 2 September] 30 2 October 31 3 October | 31 3 November 30 2 November | 30 2 December 31 3 December | 31 3 5.0 WORKING RULE TO FIND THE DAY OF THE WEEK ON A PARTICULAR DATE WHEN REFERENCE DAY IS GIVEN Step 1: Find the net number of odd days for the period between the reference date and the given date (exclude the reference day but count the given date for counting the number of net odd days). Step 2: The day of the week on the particular date is equal to the number of net odd days ahead of the reference day lif the reference day was before this date) but behind the reference day (if this date was behind the reference day). 6.0 REPEATING CALENDARS IN A GIVEN CENTURY : There is a very simple pattem for determining "when" calendars repeat with the same day/date combinations. (1) Define any year as one of four things (a) a "leap year", or (b) the "Ist year after a leap year”, or (c) the "2nd year after a leap year", or (@) the "Srd year after a leap year”. (2) Add 28 to a "leap year" to get the next year that it will repeat. (3) Add 6 to the "Ist year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year. (4) Add 11 to the "2nd year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year. (5) Add 11 to the "3rd year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year.EeyAtesy Calendar SOME WORKED OUT ILLUSTRATIONS IMlustraton 1. If 11th January 1997 was a Sunday then what day of the week was on 10th January 2000? Solution Reference day is before the given date i.e. 10-01-2000. Total number of days between 11th January 1997 and 10th January 2000 = (365 - 1) in 1997 + 365 in 1998 + 365 in 1999 + 10 days in 2000 (50 weeks + 4 odd days) + (52 weeks + 1 odd day) + (52 weeks + 1 odd day) + (1 week + 3 odd days) Total number of odd days = 4 + 1+ 1 +3 = 9 days = 1 week + 2 days Hence, 10th January, 2000 would be 2 days ahead of Sunday ie. it was on Tuesday. Iustraton 2. Today is Wednesday what will be the day after 94 days ? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Saturday Solution 94/7=3 is the temainder, therefore 3 days after Wednesday=Saturday. Mlustraton 3. Today is Thursday, The day after 59 days will be? (A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday Solution Similar as above, 3 is the remainder, therefore 3 days after Thursday = Sunday Working rule to find the day of the week on a particular date when no reference day is given Summarising the steps followed: Step 1: Count the net number of odd days on the given date Step 2: Write the day for the given number of odd days as per the table below. Day: | Sunday | Monday | Tuesday |Wednesday | Thursday | Friday _| Saturday lodd Day:| 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mlustraton 4. How often in years do calendars repeat with the same day-date combinations? Solution Calendars repeat in a regular cycle of 28 years, within a century, For NON-LEAP YEARS, a given arrangement of days will repeat in 6 years, then 11, then 11 years, then begin a new cycle of 6-11-11(6+11+11=28) eg: 1989(+6), =1995(+11),= 2006(+11),=2017. Crossing a century changes this because only every 4th century year (e.g, 2000 but not 2100, 2200, oF 2300) is a leap year. LEAP YEAR calendars repeat every 28 years.e.g. 1804,1832,1860, 1888,1928,1956Class X : MAT Ilustraton 5. In the century 2000-2100, the vatious years in which the calendar repeats? Solution 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 is the 2nd yr after a leap year 2008 and will repeat in 2010 + 11 = 2021. is the 3rd year after a leap year and repeats in 2022; a leap year repeats in 2040; Ist year after leap year repeats in 2019; 2nd year after leap year repeats in 2025; 3rd year after leap year repeats in 2026; leap year repeats in 2044; repeats in 2023; and so on. Illustraton 6. Find the day of the week on (A) 27th Dec 1985 (B) 15th Aug 1947 (C)_ 12th Jan 1979 Solution a) 27th Dec 1985 has (1984 years, 11 months and 27 days). Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day. 300 years have 1 odd day ‘84 years contains = (21 leap years and 63 ordinary years) = (21 x 366 + 63 x 365) days 30681 = (7686 + 22995) = 30681 days = —7-~ = 4383 weeks. i.e., 84 years contain 0 odd day 11 months and 27 days = 361 days = 51 weeks + 4 days = 4 odd days. Therefore, 27th Dec 1985 has (4 + 1 =44+1=5 5 odd days. Now counting Sunday as 0 odd day, Tuesday as 2 odd days and so on, Friday will have 5 odd days. 6) Therefore, 27th Dec 1985 will be Friday. 15th Aug 1947 (1946 years, 7 months and 15 days) Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day 300 years have 1 odd day 1900 years have 1 odd day. 46 years have (11 leap years and 35 ordinary years) = (11 x 366 + 35 x 365) days = 16801 days = (2400 weeks + 1 day) = 1 odd day. 7 months and 15 days = 227 days = (32 weeks + 3 days) = 3 odd days (1946 years + 7 months + 15 days) have (1 +1 + 3) = 5 odd days Which is Friday.EeyAtesy Calendar (C) 12th Jan 1979 = (1978 years + 12 days) Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day 300 years have 1 odd day 78 years have (19 leap years + 59 ordinary years) = (19 x 366 + 59 x 365) days = 28489 days = 4069 weeks + 6 days = 6 odd days 12 days = 5 odd days Total number of odd days = (1 + 6 + 5) = 12 = 5 odd days So, the day on 12th Jan 1979 was Friday, Mlustraton 7. On what days of July, 1776 did Sunday fall ? Solution First of all find the day on Ist July, 1776. Ast July, 1776 = (1775 years + 6 months + 1 day) Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day 100 years have 5 odd days 75 years have 18 leap years and 57 ordinary years which have 2 odd days. 1775 years have (0 + 5 + 2) = 7 = 0 odd day Now, 6 months + 1 day = Jan + Feb + Mar + Apr + May + June + 1 = (31 + 29+ 31+ 30 +31+30)+1 = 183 days = 1 odd day ~ 1 st July, 1776 will be Monday and hence Ist Sunday for the month of July will fall on 7th. Therefore, other Sundays will fall on 14th, 21st and 28th. Ilustraton 8. What was the day on 26th Jan 1950, when Ist Republic Day of India was celebrated? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday Solution 26th Jan, 1950 means (1949 years and 26 days) 1600 years have 0 odd day 300 years have 1 odd day 49 years have (12 leap years and 37 ordinary years) = (12 x 366 + 37 x 365) => (4392 + 13505) days => (17897) days = 2556 weeks + 5 days So, 49 years have 5 odd days and 26 days have 5 odd days Total number of odd days = 0 + 1 + 5 + 5 = 11 days = 4 odd days. Hence, the day on 26th Jan 1950 was Thursday.Class X : MAT Illustraton 9. What is the number of odd days in a leap year? (a) 1 (B) 2 (C)3 Solution A leap year has 366 days Now if we divide 366 by 7, it gives 2 as remainder, Hence, number of odd days in 366 days is 2 Illustraton 10. Prove that the calendars for 1990 will serve for 2001 also. Solution (D4 There are two ways of proving it. One find the day on Ist Jan, 1990 and 1st Jan, 2001. Both the days should be identical. 2nd find the number of odd days between 31st Dec 1989 and 31st Dec 2000. The sum of odd days should be zero. Odd days are calculated as below: (Year 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 (Odd Days| 1 T 2 T T T Sum of odd days = 14 ie., 0 odd day.| EXERCISE -1] OBJECTIVE CHECK 1. What was the day on Ist Jan 1901? (A) Monday (B) Wednesday (C) Sunday (D) Tuesday 2. — What was the day on 3lst Oct 1984 ? (A) Friday (B) Sunday (C) Wednesday (D) Monday 3. What was the day on 14th Mar 1993? (A) Friday (B) Thursday (C) Sunday (D) Saturday 4. — Onwhat dates of Aug 1980 did Monday fall ? (A) 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th (B) 3rd, 10th, 17th and 24th (C) 6th, 13th, 20th and 27th (D) 9th, 16th, 23rd and 30th 5. On what dates of Dec 1984 did Sunday fall ? (A) 6th, 13th, 20th & 27th (B) 7th, 14th, 21st, & 28th (C) 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd & 30th (D) Ist, 8th, 15th & 22nd 6. Today is Tuesday, what will be the day after 2105 days? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Sunday 7. Today is Thursday. The day after 138 days will be (A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday 8. If Ist day of a year which is not a leap year is Friday, then find the last day of that year. (A) Sunday (B) Friday (C) Monday (D) Wednesday 9. What was the day of the week on 2nd July 1984? (A) Wednesday (B) Tuesday (C) Monday (D) Thursday 10. What was the day of the week on 26th January, 1984. It was (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday 11. First day of a leap year is Wednesday, then what day of the week was it on 31st December in that year? (A) Thursday (B) Saturday (C) Monday (D) Friday 12. Smt. Indira Gandhi died on 31st October, 1984. The day of the week was (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Friday 13. What will be the day of the week on Ist January, 2010? (A) Friday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday (D) Monday 14. How many times does the 29" day of the month occur in 400 consecutive years? (a) 4497 (B) 1237 (c) 5012 (D) 4126 15. If 15th June falls on 3 days after tomorrow which is Friday, then what day of week will fall on last date of month? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday 16. The year next to 1989 will have the same calendar as that of the year 1989 (A) 1995 (B) 1997 (C) 1996 (D) 1992 17. The year next to 1996 will have the same calendar as that of year 1996 (A) 2001 (B) 2024 (c) 1997 (D) 1999 18. The year next to 1988 having the same starting day date combination calendar as that of 1988 is (a) 1990 (B) 1992 (C) 2016 (D) 1995Class X : MAT Parson 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. On January 12, 1980, it was Saturday. The day of the week on January 12, 1979 was : (A) Saturday (B) Friday (C) Sunday (D) Thursday The year next to 1991 having the same calendar as that of 1991 is (a) 1998 (B) 2001 (C) 2002 (D) 2003 Monday falls on 4th April, 1998, What was the day 3rd November, 1987? (A) Monday (B) Sunday (C) Thursday (D) Wednesday The calendar for the year 2005 is the same as for the year (A) 2010 (B) 2011 (C) 2012 (D) 2013 If 20 September in a year is Wednesday, the number of Fridays in that month is (A) 6 (B)5 (C)4 {(D)3 If 14 Fabruary, 2011 falls on Monday then what will be the day on 14" February, 2013 ? (A) Friday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday It was tuesday on April 5th 2005. What was the day of the week on march Ist 2010 ? (A) Tuesday (B) Monday (C) Friday (D) Saturday The republic day of India was celebrated on friday in year 2008. On which day, it will be celebrated in 2012. (A) Friday (B) Wednesday (C) Tuesday (D) Thursday If January 1 is a Friday, then what is the first day of the month of March in a leap year? (A) Tuesday (B) Wednesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday Ramesh 26th birthday celebrated on 2013 Feb 19, Tuesday. Again he wants to celebrate his birthday on Tuesday. Find out which year and which birthday he is going to celebrate : (A) 2021, 35th (B) 2019, 32nd (C) 2018, 32nd (D) None of these If 31 January 2004 was a monday, then which day was 31 January 2009 ? (A) Tuesday (B) Sunday (C) Saturday (D) Monday If it was Saturday on December 17, 1899, then what will be the day of December 22, 1901? (A) Firday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday (D) MondayCalendar 1. If 20" September in year is Wednesday, the number of Friday in that month is (NTSE Stage-Il 2011) (A) 6 (B)5 (c)4 (D)3 2. If 14" February, 2011 falls on Monday then what will be the day on 14" February, 2013 ? (NTSE Stage-II 2011) (A) Friday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday 3. — Rajesh is elder 3 days 10 houts from Vikas. The date of Birth of Vikas is 21 Nov. at 7 A.M. then what will be the date of birth of Rajesh? (NTSE Stage-I 2012) (A)16 November (BJ 17 November (C) 18November___—_(D) 19 November 4. First day of the month is Wednesday and Last day of the same month is Tuesday then which one will be that month? (NTSE Stage-I 2012) (A) January (B) February (C) March (D) August 5. If ina particular year, 16th June was Friday, then the first Friday in July of that year will fall on which date? (NTSE Stage-I 2012) (A) Sth July (B) 6th July (C) 7th July (D) 8th July 6. If 4th day of any month was Sunday, what will be the day on 27th day of the same month? (NTSE Stage-I 2014) (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Saturday 7. If 3rd January, 2004 was Monday, what will be the day on 5th April, 2004 ? (NTSE Stage-I 2014) (A) Wednesday (B) Monday (C) Sunday (D) Tuesday 8. If 14th July of 1995 was Friday, then what was the day on 30th March of 1994? (NTSE Stage-I 2014) (A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday 9. If 4 days before today it was Monday, what day will it fall on after 3 days?(NTSE Stage-I 2014) (A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday. 10. Today is Wednesday, what will be the day after 94 days? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (QSaturday (O)Sunday 11. Today is Thursday. The day after 59 days will be (A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday {D) Wednesday 12. Today is Friday. The day after 63 days will be (A) Friday (B) Thursday (C)Saturday (D) Monday 13. The yearnext to 1990 will ave the same calendar as that of the year 1990 (a)2001 (81997 (91996 (1992 14. The first Republic day of India was celebrated on 26" January, 1950. It was — (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday 15, ‘The number of odd days in a leap year is — i (Bz (3 (04 16. What will the day of the week on 224 January 2016? (A) Monday (By Tuesday (C)Wednesday (0) Friday 17. Karan was born on Saturday 22” March 1982. On what day of the week was he 14 years 7 months and 8 days of age? (A)Sunday (B) Tuesday (C)Wednesday (0) Monday 18. On what dates of August 2020 will Monday fal (A)3, 10,17, 24,31 (B)5,12, 19, 26 (C)1,8,15, 22,29 (D) None of these 19. Abhishek said that he was born on 29 February 1900. What birthday will he celebrate in the year 2000? (aye (8) 25" (100% (D) Abhishek is lingClass X : MAT Al 20. IF your birthday 30" june,2003 falls on Monday on what day of the week does your birthday fall in the year ‘2005? (A)Sunday (B) Tuesday ()Wednesday (D) Thursday 21. Onwhat day of the week India will celebrate its Republic day on 26! January,2015? (A)Sunday (B) Tuesday (C)Wednesday (D)Monday 22, If 1# October is Sunday, then 1* November will be? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C)Wetnesday (0) Thursday 23. Which two months in a year have the same calendar? (Aldune October (B) Apri, November (C)Apridune (DiSeptember December 24, IF the first day of a leap year is Monday , then what day will be on the last day of that year? (A) Wednesday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (0) Sunday 25, If 14*September 2013 is Saturday , then what day will be 224 December,2014? (A)Sunday (8)Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday 26. ‘Environment Day’ falls on Thursday , then on which day ‘Childrens Day’ will fallin the same year? (A) Friday (B)Saturday ()Sunday (0) Monday 27. _1F 5! day of a month is four days earlier than Wednesday , what day will it be on 28 day of the month? (A)Sunday (8) Tuesday (C)Wednesday (0) Monday 28. If the 3+ of the month falls on Thursday. What day will be fourth after 22! of the month? (A)Saturday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D)Sunday 29, If ina month , the third day is Monday , then what will be the fourth day from 21* of that month? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C)Wedinesday (D) Thursday 30. IF the first day of a leap year is Monday , then how many Tuesdays will be in that year? (ay53 (B52 (O54 (55, CHECK LIST Chapter Suggested Total Doubts Total Ques. Time Taken by completely Exercise Nome Time to Solve taken in this x Giwen | ArrQucstons | Seudent | “MTP | Solved ON: § 5 g Objective Check 30 30 minutes 2 Competitive Check 30 40 minutes ANSWERS EXERCISE-1 (OBJECTIVE CHECK) Que] if 2{[3 [4567/8 9 | 10{[ 1 { i | 13 | 14 | 15 Ans. cfaf[c[po|{[c][e]lcfcfal[c{[ala|s Que.| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 ans.| af ei[c{[sa{[c|{c{[safefo{[sa{[s[{[a{sfo|s EXERCISE-2 (COMPETITIVE CHECK) Quel 1 [2t3[4[s5]e6][7]s {9 [wlu] iis] | is ans.| B| D{[B|Bi|cilseitalo|sp{[clalalalcl|es Que.| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 ans.| D[ of alo][of[o{[c[o|sl[efaflo[falsfa eee