= ‘R ACE CAREER FOUNDATION sas aISE Regular Analysis through Continuous Exercise CIVICS REVISION FOR NTSE The draft of the Indian Constitution has been derived from constitutions of other countric constitution has also taken many parts from the Government of India Act, 1935. The different parts of Indian Constitution adopted from other countries' constitution are mentioned below: 1. British Constitution: Parliamentary form of government, introduction of Speaker and his role, the concept of single citizenship, the Rule of law, procedure of lawmaking, procedure established by Law wa 13. 2. Irish Constitution: Directive principles of state policy. 3. United States Constitution: Federal structure of government, due process of law u/a 13, power of Judicial Review and independence of the judiciary, documentation of Fundamental Rights (similar to the United States Bill of Rights), President as supreme commander of armed forces w/a 52, 4. Canadian Constitution: A quasi-federal form of government, where the central government plays prime role in governing the country, the idea of Residual Powers 5. Australian Constitution: Freedom of trade and commerce between different states of the country, Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties 6. French Constitution: Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity 7. Japan Constitution: Fundamental Duties wa 51-4 8. Weimar Constitution: Emergency Provision wa 356 % Malaysian Constitution: The concept of the Concurrent list Sovereignty of the people is another unique feature of the Indian Constitution, According to the Constitution, people of the country are the supreme authority. Earlier, the supreme power was in the hand of the British Parliament. The term "Sovereignty" connotes that the people of India are not subordinate to any other external authority. The Constitution of India renders the republican form of polity in the country. During British era, the king was the Head of the State The Indian Constitution also provides for a secular polity in India. The term "Secular" implies that in the country, there would be no discrimination on grounds of religion, There should be equal respect for all religions. Fundamentals Rights and Duties of the citizens of India is another unique feature of the Indian Con- itution, which was absent in the previous constitutions. Fundamental Rights were mentioned in the constitution at the time of its adoption in 1949. The provision for Fundamental Duties was included through the Constitution (Forty Second Amendment) Act, 1976, The Indian Constitution has provision for the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles and policies are included in the Chapter IV of the constitution. These rights cannot be enforced by the courts of law, but these are fundamental principles, awareness of which should be there among people and the government. The Indian Constitution has provision for judicial review of the Acts of both the State Legislatures and the Union Legislature and the activities of the Union and State executives, so that authority of the legislative and executive branches are not misused. Provision for the universal adult franchise is another unique feature of Indian Constitution. In this provision, all adult citizens of the country has right to vote. The Indian Constitution has given recognition of Hindi as the official language of the country. Earlier, English was the only official language of India. Apart from Hindi, the Constitution has also recognized 17 other Indian languages as regional languages. Unique Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility is another feature of the Indian Constitution. The Constitution can be amended for revising the laws mentioned in it, Amendments to Constitution can be made through various procedures. 1= ALLEN R AC E cane Fauna a Regular Analysis through Continuous Exercise IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION: Indian constitution is the largest constitution in the world it contains originally 395 Articles, and 8 schedule. And presently it has 448 articles, 22 parts, and 12 schedules, Part I- Art. 1 to art. 4: Art.1- Name and territory of the union. Art.2 - Admission and Establishment of the new state Art.3- Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and name of existing states. Part 2- Art. 5 to art. 11 Art - Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution Art.6- Rights of citizenship of certain person who have migrated to India from Pakistan. Art.10- continuance of rights of citizenship. Art.11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. Part 3+ Art.12 to art.35 Art.12- Definition of the state Art.13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. Originally, constitution provided for 7 basic fundamental rights, now there is only six rights, one Right to property U/A 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978. It made a legal right U/A 300-A in Part XII of the constitution. SOME IMPORTANT FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ARE AS: Right to Equality: Art. 14 to Ant. 18 Art.14- Equality before the law. Art.15- Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth. Art.16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment Art.17- Abolition of the untouchability Ant.18- Abolition of titles RIGHT TO FREEDOM: ART. 19 TO ART. 22 ‘Art19 guarantees to all the citizens the six rights (a) Right to freedom of speech and expression (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms, (©) Right to form associations or unions. (a) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India. (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India. (B) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business. Art.20- Protection in respect of conviction for offences. Art.21-Protection of life and personal liberty. Art .22- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation: Art.23 & art, 24 Art, 23- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. Art.24- Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines. Under age of 14 RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION: ART.25 TO ART. 28 ‘Art.25- Freedom of conscience and free profession , practice and propagation of religion. Art.26- Freedom to manage religious affairs. Art.27- Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion. ‘Art.28 Freedom from attending religious instruction. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS:ART.29 & ART. 30 Art. 29- Protection of interest of minorities. Art.30- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. Art.32- Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights 2 parts,M CAREER FOUNDATION CAREER INSTITUTE NTSE Regular Analysis through Continuous Exercise PART DIRECTIVE PRINCIPAL OF STATES POLICY: ART 36 TO ART. 51 Art.36- Definition Art.37- Application of DPSP Art.39A- Equal justice and free legal aid Art.40 - Organisation of village panchayat Art41- Right (0 work , to education, and to public assista Artd3- Living Wages, etc. for Workers Ar43A- Participation of workers in management of industries. Art44- Uniform civil code.( applicable in Goa only) Art.45- Provision for free and compulsory education for children, Ar.46- Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST,and OBC, Art47-Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public heath, Art.48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry Art49- Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance. Art.50- Separation of judiciary from executive. Art.51- Promotion of international peace and security. FUNDAMENTAL DU ART IV-A- ART 51 It contains, originally 10 duties, now it contains 11 duties by 86th amendments act 2002, Part.5- The Union Executive: Art.52- The President of india Art 53- Executive Power of the union. Art.54- Election of President Art.61- Procedure for Impeachment of the President. Art.63- The Vice-president of India. Art.64- The Vice-President to be ex-off Art.66-Blection of Vice-president Art.72-Pradoning powers of President. Art.74- Council of minister to aid and advice Pres Art.76- Attorney-General for India. Art.79- Constitution of Parliament Art.80- Composition of Rajya Sabha. Art.81- Composition of Lok Sabha. Art.83- Duration of Houses of Parliament. Art.93- The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people. Art.105- Powers, Privileges.etc of the House of Parliament. Art.109- Special procedure in respects of money bills Art.110- Definition of "Money Bills”, Art.112- Annual Financial Budget. Art.114-Appropriation Bills. Art.123- Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament, ‘Art.124- Establishment of Supreme Court Art.125- Salaries of Judges. Art.126- Appointment of acting Chief justice. Art.127- Appointment of ad-hoc judges. Art.128-Attendence of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Cour Art.129- Supreme court to be court of Record. Art.130- Seat of the Supreme court ve in certain cases jo chairman the council of States,= ALLEN R AC E cane Fauna Peo Regular Analysis through Continuous Exercise ‘Ar136- Special Teaves Tor appeal to the Supreme Court Art.137- Review of judgements or orders by the Supreme court Art.141-Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts. Art.148+ Comptroller and Auditor General of India Art.149- Duties and Powers of CAG. Ant.153- Governors of State Art.154- Executi Art.161- Pardoning powers of the Governor. Art.165-Advocate-General of the State. Art.213 Power of Governor to promulgate ordinan Art.214- High Courts for states Art.215- High Courts to be court of record. Art.226- Power of High Courts to issue certain writs. Art.2. 33- Appoinment of District judges Art.235- Control over Sub-ordinate Courts Art.243A- Gram Sabha ‘Art.243B- Constitution of Panchayats ‘Art.280- Finance Commission Art.300-A- Right to property. Art.301-Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse. Art.302- Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commersce, and intercourse Art312- All- India-Service, ‘Ant315- Public service commissions for the union and for the states Art.320- Functions of Public Service Commission. Art.323A- Administrative Tribunals ‘Art.324-Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission, Art.325- No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, oF sex. Art.326- Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage. Art.338- National Commission for the SC, & ST. Art.340- Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes. Art.343- Official languages of the Union. Art.345- Official languages or languages of a states. Art 348- Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts Art.351-Directive for development of the hindi languages Art.352- Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency) Art.356- State Emergency ‘Art.360- Financial Emergency Art.361- Protection of President and Governors Art.368- Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution. ‘Art.370-Special provision of J&K. Art.393-Constituion of India. e Powers of Governor.