Geography Gr 10 Exam essay preparation

On the next page there is a template for you with three text boxes to fill in.

1) You will be asked to create a research question that you will write your essay on.

Base your research question on the following Statement of Inquiry:

Urban areas work as systems that emerge in particular times and places, but their
sustainable development requires managed intervention.

2) In bullet point form you can add any information you feel would be useful to write the essay.
This could include:

 Setting out an essay outline in a PEEL format

 A list of quotes you might use
 Statistics you feel could be useful
 Case study evidence
 Maps/Graphs/diagrams you could refer to

3) Here you are to write, in full Chicago format, three bibliographic references you plan to cite information
from in your essay. In your essay you should use an intext citation to reference the sources e.g., (Glasgow,
2009)

The plan you create must only use one side of A4 and can be handwritten or typed. The plan must not
include anything which may be considered to be a draft of your essay, you can only include evidence to
help inform the essay you will write during the examination.

Your essay plan must be completed and a printed copy submitted to your Geography teacher no later than
4pm on Wednesday 8th June 2022.
Bibliography:
1) Asian Development Bank. N/A. “Singapore’s long-term care system”. ADB. Accessed 7 th June 2022.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/637416/singapore-care-system-population-aging.pdf
Almeida, DN. 2012. “How can planning for sustainability improve Costa de Caparica’s nightlife”. Taylor and Francis. 28 th March 2012. Accessed 28th
May 2022. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19463138.2012.667411
2) Deloitte. 2022. “”Research and Development tax measures in Singapore”. Deloitte. 1 st April 2022. Accessed 28th May 2022.
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/sg/Documents/tax/sg-tax-gi3-research-development-brochure-23-nov-2021.pdf
3) EDB Singapore. N/A. “Business-friendly environment”. EDB Singapore. Accessed 29 th May 2022.
https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/why-singapore/business-friendly-environment.html
4) GIC. N/A. “Taking a disciplined approach to a long-term value investing”. GIC. Accessed 28 th May 2022. https://www.gic.com.sg/how-we-invest/
5) GuideMe Singapore. N/A. “What makes the Singapore economy tick?”. GuideMe Singapore. Hawksford. Accessed 29 th May 2022.
https://www.guidemesingapore.com/business-guides/incorporation/why-singapore/singapore-economy---a-brief-introduction
6) Geddie, J. Kitano, M. 2018. “As Singapore ages, low tax model creaks”. Reuters. 23 rd January 2018. Accessed 29th May 2022.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-singapore-taxes-analysis-idUSKBN1FC0TP
7) Hawksford. 2018. “MNCs: Why you should set up a subsidiary in Singapore”. Hawksford. 3 rd September 2018. Accessed 29th May 2022.
https://www.hawksford.com/knowledge-hub/2018/mncs---why-you-should-set-up-a-subsidiary-in-singapore
8) Ministry of ManPower. N/A. “Central Provident Fund (CPF)”. Ministry of Man Power. Accessed 28 th May 2022.
https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/central-provident-fund
9) O’Neill, A. 2022. “Singapore: Distribution of employment by economic sector from 2009 to 2019”. Statista. February 2022. Accessed 28 th May
2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/379433/employment-by-economic-sector-in-singapore/
10) R. Hirschmann. 2021. ““employment rate for 15 years and older in Singapore from 2011 to 2020”. Statista. June 2021. Accessed 28 th May 2022.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1009276/employment-rate-residents-15-years-old-and-above-singapore/
11) R. Hirschmann. 2021. “Literacy rate for 15 years and older in Singapore from 2011 to 2020”. Statista. June 2021. Accessed 28 th May 2022.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/994945/singapore-literacy-rate-15-years-and-older/
Your name:
Seo Young Yoon
1) Research Question:
To what extent is the economy of Singapore sustainable (based on the Egan Wheel)?

2) Your information: important: This paragraph demonstrates that (measurable, significant, large, small,) extent (LINK)
Thesis statement: The Singaporean economy can be viewed as sustainable to a large extent due to the efficient and smart
financial management of the government as well as the high trading rate and TNCs setting up headquarters in Singapore.
Sustainable economy (Egan Wheel): - locals are given job opportunities and have good quality life, large businesses set up
which creates jobs and better standards of living for community
P: Singapore ‘s economy is extremely developed
E: due to the high level of trading, and being a global business hub
E: - Government total revenue 2017 - S$69 billion (GuideMe Singapore, N/A)
- 2017: $967.1 billion goods– 14th largest exporter, 17th largest importer (GuideMe Singapore. N/A)
- lots of investors willing to invest in innovative start-up companies – further innovation and economic development:
over 150 venture capital funds, 3,000+ start-ups supported by 300+ investors and 100+ incubators and accelerators
(Hawksford, 2018) (investment funds into high-risk high return start-up companies)
P: The high numbers of business headquarters create jobs
E: low tax rate, skilled workforce attracts businesses - creates jobs , Low tax rate: operate whilst maximising profits
E: - region’s lowest corporate tax rate (17%) – below global average
- DTDi (double tax deduction for internationalisation) and DEI (development and expansion incentive): 5-10% tax
reduction for income “derived from high value-addition business activities” (Deloitte, 1 st April 2022)
- Enhanced tax deduction 250% for additional R&D expenditure (increase Singapore’s competitiveness to attract R&D
investments by MNCs + increase Singapore quaternary sector)
- - Skilled workforce: excellent education system, rigorous academic competition and encouragement from the
government, high literacy rate (97% in 2020) (R. Hirschmann, 2021)
- 37,000 international companies with 7000 MNCs included – the MNCs bring place R&D labs (encourage innovation,
build quaternary sector)
- tertiary sector 84.41%, secondary sector 15.55%, primary sector 0.03% of employment in 2019
- stable employment rate (residents age 15+) 65.2% (2019) (O’Neill, 2022)
P: aging population disrupts low tax rate economic model: Relies on collecting low percentage from a large
E: increase in spending of government fund and decrease in workforce to generate income (taxed)
E: nearly double the elderly population by 2030 – strains national healthcare budget– 14.4% of 3.9 million was 65 and older, rise
to 25% by 2030, labour productivity growth flat (1-1.5%) 2013 – 2016
P: Singapore economy is still sustainable with smart government financial management
E: government has smart financial management, the revenue generated is used to help homelessness, retirement, etc.
central provident fund (CPF) – mandatory social-security savings scheme: help retirement, healthcare, housing needs – funds
used to invest and earn profit (Ministry of ManPower, N/A)
sovereign wealth funds (GIF) - government spends fund to invest in international corporations: used for government funds:
invest in technology, invest sustainably (GIC, N/A)
E: Temasek Holdings, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation are 3rd and 2nd richest SWF – 375 and 390 billion
- quality of life ranking: 23rd (Deutsche bank index 2019)
fund used to reduce homelessness: Ministry of Social and Family Development work with HDB (Housing and development
board) to provide homes + transitional shelter for homeless
- 347 homeless families + 543 individuals helped 2013-2016
- Homeless rate 2019: 0.02% (1050/5.7 million)

Figure 1 Figure 2

Bibliography:
1) (ADB, N/A), 2) (Almeida, DN, 2012), 3) (Deloitte, 1st April 2022), 4) (GIC, N/A), 5) (GuideMe Singapore. N/A), 6) (Geddie,
Kitano, 23rd January 2018), 7) (Hawksford, 2018), 8) (Ministry of ManPower, N/A), 9) (O’Neill, 2022), 10) (R.
Hirschmann, 2021), 11) (R. Hirschmann, 2021)