Symbols for the Elements

1 and the Periodic Table

Table 1.1 Symbols and atomic numbers for the chemical elements
Atomic Atomic Atomic
Name Symbol No. Name Symbol No. Name Symbol No.
Actinium . . . . . . . Ac 89 Hafnium . . . . . . . Hf 72 Praseodymium . . . Pr 59
Aluminum . . . . . . Al 13 Hahnium . . . . . . . Ha 105 61
Americium . . . . . Am 95 Helium . . . . . . . . He 2 91
Antimony . . . . . . Sb 51 Holmium . . . . . . Ho 67 Radium . . . . . . . Ra 88
Argon . . . . . . . . Ar 18 Hydrogen . . . . . . H 1 Radon . . . . . . . . Rn 86
Arsenic . . . . . . . . As 33 lndium . . . . . . . . In 49 Rhenium . . . . . . . Re 75
Astatine At 85 Iodine . I 53 Rhodium Rh 45
Barium . . . . . . . . Ba 56 Iridium . . . . . . . . Ir 77 Rubidium . . . . . . Rb 37
Berkelium . . . . . . Bk 97 Iron . . . . . . . . . . Fe 26 Ruthenium . . . . . . Ru 44
Beryllium . . . . . . Be 4 Krypton . . . . . . . Kr 36 Rutherfordium . . . Rf 104
Bismuth Bi 83 57 62
Boron . . . . . . . . B 5 103 21
Bromine . . . . . . . Br 35 Lead . . . . . . . . . Pb 82 Selenium. . . . . . . Se 34
Cadmium . . . . . . Cd 48 Lithium . . . . . . . Li 3 Silicon . . . . . . . . Si 14
Calcium . . . . Ca 20 Lutetium . . . . . . . Lu 71 47
Californium . . Cf 98 Magnesium . . . . . Mg 12 11
Carbon . . . . . . . . C 6 Manganese . . . . . Mn 25 38
Cerium . . . . . . . . Ce 58 Mendelevium . . . . Md 101 Sulfur . . . . . . . . S 16
Cesium . . . . . . . . cs 55 Mercury . . . . . . . Hg 80 Tantalum . . . . . . . Ta 73
Chlorine . . . . . . . CI 17 Molybdenum . . . . Mo 42 Technetium . . . . . Tc 43
Chromium . . . . . . Cr 24 60 52
Cobalt . . . . . . . . co 27 Neon . . . . . . 10 65
Copper . . . . . . . . cu 29 Neptunium . . . . . Np 93 Thallium . . . . . . . TI 81
Curium . . . . . . . . Cm 96 28 90
Dysprosium . . . . . DY 66 Niobium . . . . . . . Nb 41 Thulium . . . . . . . Tm 69
Einsteinium . . . . . Es 99 Nitrogen . . . . . . . N 7 Tin . . . . . . . . . . Sn 50
Erbium . . . Er 68 102 22
Europium . . . . . . Eu 63 76 74
Fermium . . . . . . . Fm 100 Oxygen . . . . . . . 0 8 Uranium . . . . . . . U 92
Fluorine . . . . . . . F 9 Palladium . . . . . . Pd 46 Vanadium . . . . . . V 23
Fr 87 15 54
Gadolinium . . . . . Gd 64 78 Ytterbium . . . . . . Yb 70
Ga 31 Plutonium . . . . . . Pu 94 Yttrium . . . . . . . Y 39
Ge 32 Polonium . Po 84 Zinc . . . . . . . . . Zn 30
Gold . . . . . . . . . Au 79 Potassium . K 19 Zirconium . . . . . . Zr 40
Note: Elements 106 and 107 have been reported. but no official names or symbols have yet been assigned
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Fig. 1.1 Periodic table of the elements. Numbers in parentheses are mass numbers of the most stable isotope of that element. (continued)
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Fig. 1.1 (continued) Numbers in parenthesesare mass numbers of the most stable isotope of that element.

Table 1.2 Important metallic element groups

Gmup Defmition v)
Y
Rare earth metals . . . . . . . . The rare earthmetals include Group IIIAelements scandium, ynrium, and the lanthanide elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium. 3

-
U
samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium. ytterbium, and lutetium) in the periodic table of the elements. A mixture of 0
rare earth elements is referred to as mischmetal, which typically contains 50% cerium with the remainder being principally lanthanum and neodymium. u)
Refractory metals . . . . . . . . The refractory melals group includes niobium (previously known as columbium), tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. m e name of this group arises
from their high melting temperature, which range from 2468 to 3410 "C (4474 to 6170 O F ) . 0,
Precious metals . . . . . . . . . The eight precious metals, listed in order of their atomic number as found in periods 5 and 6 (Groups VIU and Ib) of the periodic table of the elements, are mthe- 3
nium, rhodium, palladium, silver. osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold. l
D
Platinum-group metals . . . . . The platinum-group metals include the precious melals mthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They are so named because they are
closelv related (in terms of orowrriesl and commonlv occur toeether in nature.
m
l
D
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u)