Construction'Materials Recycling Guidebook

A Guide to Reducing and Recycling Construction and Remodeling Waste

Including a Directov of Twin Cities Area Recycling Markets

March 1993
/

Project Team:
Project Director: Pamela Winthrop Lauer, Innovative Waste Management
~

Assistant Director: Del Edwards, WF'ste Alternatives Consulting, Inc.

Advisor: Ellen Wells, Environmental Guidelines for Business
Economist: Eugene Wahl, Consulting Economist and Educator
Layout and Design: Trish Gardiner, The Perfect Page
Editor: Neal Miller, Neal Miller Communications
Researcher: Justine Roe .
Research Aids: Steve Botts, Lynn Kalfsbeek
Illustrators: Pete Salmon and R. Bruce Cornwall, A W M N Committee on the
Environment
Writer of Guide Spec: Peter Vesterholt, AIA

This project was funded in part by a grant from the Metropolitan Council of the
Twin Cities Area. -
The' project is co-sponsored by the following .organizations and businesses:
Builhrs Association of the Twin Cities
Dakota County Board of Commissioners \
,
3M
Opus Corporation
Construction Industry Cooperative Committee of Minnesota
American Institute of ArchitectdMN Committee on the Environment
Keith Waters &Associates, Inc.
Materials Recoiery, Ltd.
SKB Inc.
Greg Frazee Homes
Burnsville Lapdfill and Quarry
Eberhardt Commercial Real Estate
Aagard Environmental Services -
If you have questions or qomments about this guidebook, please call:

EMENT
32-7038
Disclaimer
The worksheets, guides, and market listings in this guidebook are provided as a

service to organizations seeking information about reducing and recycling

construction and remodeling wastes. Companies have given information voluntar-

ily and should be contacted personally about the services offered and the compa-

nies’ compliance with waste management regulations. The appearance,of a

e

company’s name in this guidebook or its Markets Directory does not constitute

endorsement by any of the authors or sponsors of this guidebook, nor does it

imply that the company is in compliance with all applicable laws. The information

herein and the Markets Directory are not represented as being complete.
 I. -

Acknowledgements
Many people contributed to the Construction Materials Recycling Project. The project director
gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following people as well as other contributors
not listed here.

Mary Ayde, MinnesotaWaste Asscc. William Lohmann, Murphy-Jahn Pat Weber, Winthrop & Weinstine

Greg Baich, 3M Facil. Eng & Real Es ' Jim Lukasiewicz Sherman Winthrop, Winthrop & Weinstine

David Bergstrm, Eberhardt Commercial Oscar Mathison, Orrin Thompson Homes Shari Wright, MnTAP
Real Estate
Tom McGough, Jr., McGoughConstruction
David Boe, Waters & Bonner, Inc. co.
Members of the Construction IndustryCo-
William Bonner W. Lyle Meyer, Opus Corporation operative Committee of Minnesota
- i

Members of American Institute of Archi-

-
Paul Brugger, Whole Builders Laura Milberg, OWM
4
tectslMinnesotaCommitteeon the Environ-
Dan Carlson, Opus COrpOratiOh John Morley, Edward Kraemer & Sons,lnc ment

Kevin M. Clark. Centex Homes Bob Mueller, Greg Frazee Homes

R. Bruce Cornwall, BentzlThompsonl RichardNaughton,James SteeleConstruc-

RietowJnc tion

Dan Donkers, Ramsey County Wayne Nelson, Me!ropolitan Council

Tracy W. Donovan, Commonwealth Elec- Rick OGara, SKB, Inc.

tnc of MN
Fred Paul, Cy-Con Gen. Contractors
Sunny Jo Emerson, Metropolitan Council
Gayle Prest, DakotaCounty -- .
Craig Gerkm, Materials Recovery Ltd.
Peter A. Rand, A l W N
Todd Goderstad. AGC
Victoria Reinhardt, Metropolitan Council
Pam Goldfarb, BuildersAssoc. of Twin Cit-
ies Bob Sawats!y, Renova Consultants

Oscar Healy, Opus Corporation Pete Schwab, Schwab Co.

Clair Larson, 3M Eng. & Real Estate Cathy Smith, Central Roofing
,
Craig Larson, Opus Corporation Sherman E. Stromen, 3M Facilities Engi-
neiring & Real Estate
Cathy Latham, MPCA
ViAnne MarieTraynor,Builders h o c . Twin
William D. Lauer Cities
\

Donald Lewis, McGough ConstructionCo. Warren Wilson, Dakota County

Section One
Introduction: How To Use This Book

Introduction /

-Construction and demolition wastes comprise nearly a third of the' solid waste
generated in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. A portion of these construction
and demolition wastes come from construction and remodeling projects. Accord-
ing to Don Lewis of McGough Construction, a large construction project generates
an average of three 20-cubic-yard (cy) dumpsters of waste per day. For example,
during an eight-month remodeling project at Southdale Shopping Center in Edina,
more than a thousand 2Ocy dumpsters were hauled from the site. The construc-
tion of new homes also generates substantial waste. The construction of a '
$100,000 home typically generates about two 20cy dumpsters of waste, and waste
from the construction of a $500,000 home typically fills four dumpsters.

Landfills are filling up, and developing new landfills is difficult and expensive.
Although most builders already strive to use materials efficiently, rising disposal
costs are forcing builders and waste haulers to consider new alternatives such as
waste reduction, recycling artd reuse for managing construction and remodeling
wastes.

How to Use this Book

This guidebook is designed to address several specific barriers to recycling ~

construction and remodeling wastes. The barriers were identified during inter-
views with Twin Cities building professionals in 1991 and 1992. .

Here are some of the barriers and how they are addressed in this guidebook;

1. Conservative Culture of the Industry. Like many other industries, the

construction industry tends to resist change. Also, because time is so highly
valued on a job site, it is standard practice to cut new materials to size instead
of taking time to see if pieces left over from previous cuts could be used.

Construction Waste Reduction and Recycling Today, Section 2, describes ways

to reduce waste before and during construction and remodeling projects. The
methods aren't really new to the construction industry, but rising disposal
costs may mike it worthwhile to revive them. The hformation on ways to
iecycle construction and remodeling wastes includes several examples
showing how builders are making recycling work.

2. Cos& Sorting wastes on-site for recycling can be labor-intensive. Many

building contractors feel that savings in disposal costs are not likely to
offset this expense.

The Recycling Economics Worksheet,Section 3, provides a practical procesg for

builders and/or their waste haulers to use to determine the 'cost-effectiveness ,,
of recycling on a given project.

Page 1
Section Two
Construction Waste Reduction and
Recycling today

Introduction
This section begins with an overview of the composition of construction and
remodeling waste in the Twin Cities area and a table showing wastes that are
currently recyclable in Minnesota. Next, the section suggests ways to reduce
waste before and during construction and remodeling projects, followed by
information on ways to recycle these wastes.
. '
A. Composition of Construction and Remodeling Waste in
the Twin Cities Area

In 1992, as part of the research for this guidebook, project staff and co-
sponsors worked together to estimate the types and amounts of wastes
generated at local construction and remodeling projects. (The complete
Construction Matejals Recycling Project Composition of Construction Waste
Report is available from the Metropolitan Council Solid Waste Grants Depart-
ment or Innovative Waste Management.) Because the report was nota
scientific study, but a compilation of estimates by industry professionals, the
amounts are reported as a range of percentages.

For our purposes, "waste" includes all materials hauled away from a job site to
be landfilled, burned, recycled, or salvaged for reuse. New, left,over materials
that are returned are not considere'd wastes. To estimate percentages, we
considered the total volume of wastes generated over the course of a typical
project. For example, in Table 1: Residential New Construction, wood waste
is listed as "20-35 %.It This means that wood makes up 20 to 35 percent of the
entire volume of waste generated by a typical new residential construction
project.

Waste types and approximate percentages are given separately for residential
and commerdial ne& construction.

Residential New Construction (See Table 1). n7e predominant waste types
from residential new construction are wood, 20-35 percent; drywall, 10-20
percent; and cardboard, 5-15 percent. According to Materials Recovery Ltd., a
construction waste recycling firm,approximately 24 percent of the constrution
waste entering its facility is dimensional lumber suitable for processing.
Shingles, concrete, and fibeqboard each make up another 1-8percent of the
waste from typical new home c~nstruction.The remaining waste types each
typically comprise one percent or less of a project's waste stream.

Commercial New Construction (See Table 2 ) . The predominant waste types

from commercial new oonstruction are wood, 20-30 percent; concrete and

Page 3
Dimensional Lumber,
Manufactured Wood
Products, and Treated
Nood
These percentages do
not distinguish between
dimensional lumber,
manufactured wood
products (such as
plywood and particle
board), and treated
wood. However,
because recycling
markets are more
common for dimensional
lumber than for manu-
factured wood products,
we investigated further.
A survey of four lumber
Pards revealed that,
typically, 60-70 percent
of the wood purchased
for a construction project
is dimensional lumber
and 30-40percent is
manufactured (usually
glued) wood products.
Wood treated to resist
rot and moisture
amounts to less than 5
percent of the total wood
used on a project. (See
the Reference Section of
this.guidebook to find out
where to seek informa-
tion about disposing of
treated wood.) The
lumber yard respondents
said that the use of
manufactured wood
products is increasing,
and noted that some
products could be
considered recycled
products themselves.
block, 10-20 percent; drywall, 5-10 percent; and cardboard, 510
percent Secondary materials in the commercial construction
waste stream are steel, 1-8percent, and brick, 1-5percent.
Also in the 3 percent range are extruded polystyrene (rigid)
insulation, kraft paper packaging, and plastic sheeting and
bags. Electrical wire makes up about 2 percent of a project’s .
waste, and over-sprayfrom fireproofing products makes up 0-5
percent of the waste.
Remodeling. Wastes from remodeling projects vary so widely
that estimating their percentages was beyond the scope of this
report. Instead, we note that all materials and equipment that
become part of a building during the buiIding process may
eventually be replaced. These materials then enter the waste
stream. Wastes generated during the construction phase of
remodeling projects are similar in composition to those from
new construction.
Table 1: Residential New Construction
To estimate percentages, we considered the total volume
of wastes generated over the course of a typical project.
Please see above for additional assumptions.
Predominant Rough
Materials Percentages
Wood ..................................................... 20-35%
Drywall ..................................................... 10-20%
Corrugated cardboard ......I ................................ 5-15%
Secondary Rough
Materials Percentages
Shingles ......................................................... 1-8%
Concrete ......................................................... I-8%
Fiberboard .......................................................... I-8%
Materials comprising 1% or less. Listed in approximate
order of quantity, from more to less:
Fiberglass insulation Plastic buckets
Carpet scrap, padding Dirt and rock from excavation
and backing Aluminum duct-work
Kraft paper Foam packaging
Sheathing Plastic sheeting or bags
Aluminum siding Steel banding
Vinyl, siding Lunch garbage, including
Concrete block pop cans
Copper wire Plastic pails
Other wire Paint cans
PVC pipe Flooring scrap
Core cardboard
 -

Materials comprising less than 1% but notable because they may be considered problem
materials:

Paint, including frozen or damaged (cans.or pails) Caulk (tubes)

Driveway sealant (pails) Tile adhesive (cans)

Table 2: Commercial New Construction

To estimate percentages, we considered the total volume of wastes generated over the
course of a typical project. Please see above for additional assumptions.

Predominant Rough
Materials , ' Percentages
Wood ........................................................................... 20-30%
Concrete and block ....................................................... 10-20%
. .
.Drywall ........................ .....:...........................................
Cardboard .......................................................................
5-10%
5.1 0%

, Secondary Rough
Materials , Percentages
Steel from decking, re-rod, etc .......................................... 1-8%
Brick ................................................................................ 1-5%
Crates and pallets ............................................................ I-5%
Extruded polystyrene (rigid) insulation ......................... 3% range
Kraft paper packaging ................................................ 3% range
~ - Plastic sheeting and bags ........................................... 3%range
Electrical wire ............................................................. 2% range
Overspray from fireproofing products ................................ 0-5%

Materials comprising 1% or less:

Carpet scrap, padding, and backing Plaster
Fiberglass (bat) insulation Iron
Excess mortar Polystyrene foam packaging
Particle board Plastic laminate .
Solvent containers
Caulking wntainers
-Adhesive containers
Silicone containers
Epoxy containers Sheet metal
Small bore pipe, steel or pvc *Vinyltile ,

r \ - Page 5
Construction and Remodeling Wastes Currently
Recycled in Minnesota

Table 3 shows the construction and remodeling wastes currently being

recycled in Minnesota. The number of processors and type of use listed
correspond to the Markets Directog found in this guidebook. There may be
other processors and uses not uncovered in our research.

Some information on developing markets is provided at the end of this section.

C. Ways to Reduce (Prevent) Waste Before and During
Co,nstruction and ‘RemodelingProjects

Reducing waste (preventing waste at its source) means not creating a waste in
the first place, or creating less waste material, which reduces the need to
recycle. Waste reduction not only 6aves money on disposal costs, but lessens
the need for processing facilities, which consume energy and create their own
waste by-products.

From an economic standpoint, waste often indicates an inefficient use of

materials. By preventing waste to the extent possible, you only pay for what ~

you use. According to Bob Sawatsky of Renova Consultants in Ontario, “Any

. construction project will generate some residual waste...there’s no getting
around this. But, the trick is to minimize the volume of that waste and
maximize its reusability.”

Many of the following waste prevention ideas are taken directly from the
Greater Toronto Home Builders Association (GTHBA) publication Making a
Molehill Out of a Mountain and from Bob Sawatsky.

1. Reducing Waste in the Design Stage. Attention to wagte potential in the

design stage can lead to less waste on the building site. Here are some
methods:
0 aver (e.g., eight-foot lengths) to reduce
off-cuts of lumber and wallboard.
0 v a l s m For ~
example, framing details can be designed to minimize unnecessary corner .
studs, excessive lumber at window and door openings, and over-built
lintels.
0

tbns to optimize
the use of
subflooring and
sheathing.

2. Reducing Waste at
the Purchasing
Stage.
Purchasing decisions
can have a major
impact on the
amount of waste gen-
erated on a construc-
tion or remodeling
project. Methods
include:

Page 7
 e
. .
7 to make sure the correct amount of each material is
brought to the site. Make sure wallboard orders are consistent with room dimensions,
since wallboard is available in a variety of stock sues. In large quantities, wallboard
can be specially ordered to suit custom designs.

s to r e d u c e o n a project. For e x h p l e , ask suppIiers to take

back or buy back substandard, rejected items. Ask them to help identify the least
hazardous material suitable for a specific job. Ask for ideas about using kilndried
lumber to reduce on-site warpage and shrinkage and reusing concrete forms.
e
. Ask suppliers to deliver supplies in
-
sturdy, returnable pallets and containers, and have them back-haul the empty contain-
ers when delivering goods. For example, some suppliers of concrete block and mortar
mix charge a deposit on their pallets$When additional materials we delivered, the
pallets from the previous delivery are picked up and the buyer’s account is credited.
Buying in bNlk can reduce packaging waste, but it only works if it doesn’t lead to the
purchase of more materials than needed or more than can be safely stored on site at
one time.

e such as cabinets, doors, and equipment,

which saves them from .the landfill and saves you the cost of buying new. (Don’t
assume your customer will resist using a reclaimed product on the new project-ask.)

3. Reducing Waste, at the Building Wood Scrap Re-Use

Site. Many on-site practices can make Wood I-Beam
a difference in the amount of waste
produced.

to prevent loss from weather and . ’

other damage. For example, use //-

__-- /---

plastic to cover bags of mortar, stack

bricks and blocks carefully to keep
Studwall ,:.--
them from getting lost in the mud,
and keep lumber covered and
off the ground. Edge of plywood is

wo-
to make it easier to find offcuts for
cripples, lintels, and blocking, which
reduces the need to cut full-kength scrap ,
lumber. According to the Molehill
Report, home construction sites ,
using centralized cutting proce-
dures have reduced lumber usage
by 15 percent. Reuse scrap piece

See illustration.

Page 8
-
 4. salvaging reusable items from remodeling projects. Reusing items
stripped from buildings or rooms during remodeling projects helps reduce ’
waste. Careful removal of these items is the key to their marketability.
, Although this practice isn’t new, high labor costs in recent years have made it
\ less common. Today, however, rising disposal costs, the high cost of new
maferials, concern for the environment, and an interest in preserving the
craftsmanship of the past may help the practice make a comeback.

Items such as doors, windows, and cabinets from homes can be donated to
not-for-profit groups such as Habitat for Humanity arid the Project for Pride in
Living Shop in Minneapolis. Architectural items in good condition can be
sold to Architectural Antiques in Minneapolis. Showcases, shelving, clothes
racks, and other used store equipment can be sold to dealers such as The
Showcase Place in Minneapolis, liquidators, and others specializing in buying
and selling commercial equipment. Some salvage companies, such as Bauer
Bros. Salvage in St. Paul, in addition to accepting building materials, accept
uncommon items that they can resell or rent out (for example, to film crews
or theater groups).

Many organizations and businesses will pick up items. Some will visit a site
(including demolition projects) and offer a bid to remove and pay for the
items they want. See the Markets Directory for a list of potential outlets for
reusable items.

Some builders are having success selling removed materials on site through
short-term “yard sales.” Peter Schwab describes how his firm in Winona, the
Schwab Company, used a newspaper ad to sell an entire gymnasium floor
square by square during a college remodeling job. Demand for the floor-
squares exceeded the supply. In another instance, while replacing more than
a hundred kitchens for a HUD project, the .company auctioned off old kitchen
items stockpiled in its yard. Many were sold to an auctioneer who resold
them. The Greater Toronto Home Builders Association (GTHBA) reports
success selling items from the front yard of a home being remodeled. This
“House Strip” project is described in the GTHBA’s publication Making a
Molehill Out of a Mountain.

Many subcontractors -
(such as electricians and
8 pipe fitters) reuse or
recycle their own ...
materials from a job site.
Subcontractors are often
Recycling means collecting waste and reprocessing it into raw materials for
new products. Recycling not only saves landfill space and helps prevent the
pollution associated with landfills, it saves money by avoiding rapidly-rising
disposal fees. .
Many Minnesota builders already recycle some construction waste. Here is a
list and some examples of reuse and recycling options currently practiced.
r.

Sorting recyclable materials from other wastes on-site during the

construction process. Establishing separate containers or areas for
recyclable materials is familiar to many Minnesotans accustomed to sorting
household wastes for recycling. Currently, many Minnesota contractors do
some on-site waste sorting to keep paper, cardboard, and garbage out of waste
loads considered “clean demolition fill” (inert materials accepted at demolition
landfills). The tipping fees charged by demolition landfills are significantly
lower than the fees charged by sanitary landfills because demolition landfills
accept only such materials as wood, concrete, and roofing materials, which
pose less environmental risk and require fewer environmental safeguards.
Although sorting “clean demo” waste from other waste is not recycling, it .
shows that on-site separation of waste types is possible.

For some sorted recyclable materials, haulers will remove filled containers
at no charge. For example, when Opus Corporation built the University of St.
Thomas’ downtown Minneapolis campus, a local scrap yard placed a l 2 - q
container on site during construction of the building’s foundation and steel
frame. Workers put waste metals such as rebar, metal stud offcuts, and scrap
angle iron into the container. The scrap yard received revenue for the metals
and Opus saved money on hauling and disposal charges. Many scrap yards -
offer this service for a fee that is offset by the value of the materials collected,
thus providing a net gain for the builder.

Another example comes from Pete Schwab, who has had success sorting
cardboard, metals, and sometimes repairable pallets into separate piles or
containers on building sites. According to Schwab, a Winona company .
removes the sorted recyclables from the sites at no charge.

As noted in the introduction to this guidebook, however, many contractors

who have tried on-site sorting of recyclable materials have had miied results.
Training a variety of subcontractors to sort waste types into separate contain-
ers can be difficult. Andy Aagard of Aagard Environmental Services in .
Minneapolis noted that, despite having a separate container for corrugated
cardboard available during one large construction project, every load of
cardboard was rejected at the market due to contamination.

Aagard also noted khat, if there is not enough material to fill most of a con-
tainer, the avoided disposal cost and revenue from the material may not be
enough to offset the hauling charge. The Recycling Economics section of this
guidebook provides a detailed worksheet with some examples showing how to
determine when on-site sorting of recyclable Materials is cost-effective..

One exampleof innovativeon-
site sorting of recyclable ma-.
terials comes from Central
Roofing Comphny of Minne-
apolis. According to Cathy
Smith, the high disposal cost
from one re-roofing job
prompted ,the company to
think about reuse and recy-
cling alternatives, which re-
sulted in the reuse or recy-
cling of about fourteen 30-cy
boxes worth of material -
altogether about 420 cy. In
this case, polystyrene sheet
insulation and perlite insula-
tion found under a layer of
PVC roofing material and
gravel had remained quite
clean and dry. The roofing
team decided to package,
store, and reuse thetwotypes
of insulation on future roofing
projects. On its first attempt,
the team salvaged about a
third of the insulation-mate-
rial, but the labor needed to
package and store it was too
expensive.
However, the remainingpoly-
styrene sheet insulation was
recycled through Styrotech,
a local polystyrene manufac-
turer. Sorting materials from
this re-roofing job was fairly
simple. First the roofers re-
moved the roof gravel, which
wasdonated forthe building’s
parking lot construction
project. Although roof gravel
is not always suitable for this
purpase, this particulargravel
could be used as a class five
base material.
The underlying layer of poly-
styreneinsulationwastossed
from the roof directly into a
waiting truck.
Central Roofing is currently
trying to identify other. more
cost-effective ways to re-use
clean materialsfrom PVC and
rubber-type re-roofing jobs,
since many roofs of this type
in the Twin Cities area are
beginning to need replace-
ment. Central Roofing plans
to try reusing rubber roof
sheets from their next re-roof-
ing job for tarps. 1
Despite these problems, some contractors have found it
feasible to sort certain materials on site for recycling.
Examples of such materials are metals (as noted above),
concrete and block (crushed for road bed material), card-
board, and dimensional lumber. Also, subcontractors (e.g.,
electricians and plumbers) usually recycle valuable metal
scraps such as copper tubing.
The Schwab Company makes sure recyclables are sorted
cleanly by giving subcontractors a choice: either they
dispose of their waste materials in the proper containers or
assume responsibility for disposal of their waste. Some
subcontractors choose the latter option, but many prefer
having Schwab
Company deal with disposal. Also, many subcontractors
generate a fairly homogenous waste, which makes sorting
easy. For example, the primary waste stream for electrical
contractors is often the cardboard containers used to hold
electrical supplies.
2. Sorting by materials recovery facilities and transfer
stations. One of the easiest ways for builders to recycle is
by contracting with a waste hauler who delivers wastes to a
materials recovery facility (MRF) or transfer station where
.
recyclable construction wastes are sorted for markets and
the remaining wastes consolidated for disposal. The
Recycling Markets Directory in this guidebook lists haulers,
MRFs, and transfer stations that sort at least three recyclable
materials from mixed construction waste.
One example is Materials Recovery Limited (ME)in
Rosemount, where construction waste loads are sorted into
the following recyclable components: cardboard, concrete,
metals, dimensional lumber, and pallet wood. MRL hauls
wastes mostly from residential construction and remodeling
sites. Nails are,mecbanically removed from wood, which is
then chipped into turkey bedding.
Some separation of recyclables occurs at landfills. For
example, the SKI3 Rich Valley Demolition Landfill in Inver
Grove Heights routinely monitors incoming loads and pulls
out recyclable materials such as scrap metal, wood (for
mulch), and household appliances.
Developing Markets
In researching markets for construction and remodeling
wastes, it became clear that several materials that are not
currently being recycled in Minnesota may be recycled in
the future. Here are some examples:
Page 11
 Gypsum Wallboard. See below.

Manufactured Wood Products. Many of the animal bedding and landscape markets
for chipped wood do not accept chips from glued wood products. Research on using “wood
flour” and ground wood as filler in other products may reveal uses for manufactured wood
. products waste, although these manufacturing processes may require a cleaner waste than
would be available from construction sites.
Asphalt Roofing and Shingles. Research by the Minnesota Department of Transporta-
tion and others outside the state is finding ways to use asphalt roofing and asphalt shingles
in pavement mixes.
Plastics.‘ Many manufacturers are exploring new ways to recycle plastics, including PVC.
Mixed Cardboard, Wood, a n d Heavy Plastics. Conversion Products, a company based
in Edina, has developed a process to grind mixed-waste materials and add adhesive to form
a wet concrete-like substance to be used for brick, landscape timbers, etc.
Case in Point: Gypsum Wallboard Recycling. .
Gypsum wallboard offers an interesting case study of emerging markets for recyclable
construction waste. Wallboard is among the most common construction wastes,typically
discarded in both demolition landfills and sanitary landfills, but the future holds promise for
eliminating wallboard from the waste stream by recycling it into new wallboard and
possibly finding other uses, such as animal bedding and soil amendment. A Canadian
company called New West Gypsum is recycling wallboard at three facilities. New West
crushes wallboard to separate the backing paper scrap from the core gypsum powder. The
gypsum powder is sold to a wallboar&manufacturer, who mixes it with virgin ore to make
new wallboard. The paper scrap is sold to a paper company that repulps it to produce new
wallboard backing sheets. Scrap backing paper from New West’s Oakville, Ontario facility
is currently composted or processed into animal beddtng.

New West recycles manufacturing scrap, scrap wallboard from new construction, and used
\ wallboard, which they test for lead (from paint). If lead is found, the used wallboard is
landfilled.
A gypsum wallboard recycling plant in Minnesota may be possible. According to
McCamley, to be economically feasible, a plant requires a population of at least one million
to supply enough scrap wallboard and a wallboard manufacturer within reasonable proxim-
ity willing to buy the gypsum powder. The deciding factor is, of course, economics. Cur-
rently, nearly all of New West’s profits come €rom tip fees, and the incentive for recycling
comes from the fact that recycling tip fees are lower than landfill tip fees. For example, a
recycling transfer station called Gypsum Wallboard Recycling outside of Portland, Oregon
charges $55 per ton to accept yallboard, while the local landfill/transfer station charges $75
per ton now and is expected to increase its fees soon. Also, in some parts of Canada ~

wallboard has been banned from landfills, making gypsum recycling more economically
feasible.
Another wallboard recycling alternative is to use gypsum as a soil amendment for low pH or
sulfur deficient soils. According to Tom Halbach, assistant state specialist for waste
management with the Minnesota Extension Service, a chemical analysis of used wallboard
showed high calcium content and heavy metal levels comparable to those in commonly-
used ag lime. Determiningthe usefulness of wallboard as a soil amendment depends on
addressing concerns about adhesive-content, soluble salts, metal-content, and profitability.
Meanwhile, at least one Minnesota business, Dynamic Homes of Detroit Lakes, is seeking
funding to develop a processing facility for turning wallboard into a soil amendment.
Another Minnesota business, Empire Organic Greenhouses in Rosemount, uses some
scrap wallboard in its compost.

Page 12
Section 3:
The Economicsof Recycling ConstructionWaste
This section consists of the Recycling Economics Worksheet and two examples of
how the worksheet has been filled out for local projects. Building professionals,
waste haulers, and anyone else interested are encouraged to make copies of the
worksheet for use and distiibution.

The worksheet is designed so that builders and haulers can estimate the amounts
of various waste types expected to result from a project, then plug in hauling and
other costs for recycling. Two methods of recycling are considered: on-site
separation of recyclable materials and off-site sorting of mixed waste to recover at
least three types of materials by a waste hauler, transfer station, or materials
recovery facility. Please note that the Markets Directory includes a listing of some
of the businesses providing this service in the Twin Cities area.

Beacause the numbers inserted by users of this worksheet are estimates, the results
will necessarily be estimates.

Recycling Economics Worksheet Residential And Commercial Construction ’

Project

Prepared by Date

The following worksheet is designed to help determinethe cost effectiveness of recyclingwaste materials generated
by a givenconstructionproject. Supplementalworksheets usedfor calculatingcertainitemsare providedon a separate
sheet. The processallowsyounotonlytocalculatetheactualcostsandbenefitsof recycling, butto factor in (separately)
the intangible benefits of a recycling program.

STEP ONE: Estimate Total Project Waste and Amounts of Recyclable Materials
1 Estimate theTotal Project Waste in cubic yards (cy) ................................................................... 1 ____cy
Use information from previous projects, if comparable.)

Determinewhat materialscanbe recycled and estimate the amount of each. If you are uncertainof these amounts,
multiplyline 1andthe percentagesprovided (basedon asurvey of constructionprojectsinthe Minneapolis-St. Paul
metropolitan area).

TYPICAL CURRENT
RESIDENTIAUCOMMERCIAL PROJECT ESTIMATE
2a Wood waste (dimensionallumber, broken crates, and pallets no manufactured - ,
wood products) ................................................ (250~418%).......... 2a C Y
2b Corrugated cardboard ..................................... (10% n.5YO).................................... 2b -cy
2c Concrdte .......................................................... (4.5%/15%) . .2d -cy
2d Metals .............................................................. (1Y0/4.5%) ..................................... 2d -cy
2e Other recyclable materia@): Identify
3 Total amount of recyclable material: Add lines 2a-2e ............
4 Non-recyclable material: Subtract line 3 from line 1 .

Page 13
 . .

. .

COMPLETED SAMPLES: Recycling EconomlcsWorksheet Resldentlal And CommerclalConstruction

Project
.. I ”

Prepared by Date 9192

The following worksheet is designed to help Cetermine the cost effectiveness of recycling waste materiils generated by a given construction prqed.
Supplementalwotksheelsused for calculatingcertainitemsare providedon a separatesheet. The processallowsyou not only to cakulate the actualcosts
and benefits of recycling, bul to factor in (separately) the intangible benefits of a recyclingprogram.

I,
I .

- .
. . STEP ONE: Estimate Total Project Waste and Amounts of Recyclable Materials
. 1 Estimatethe Total Project Waste in cubic yards (cy) ............................ ................................................................. , . 1 29(2a_cy
Use informationfrom previous projects, if comparable.)
Deteninewhatmateriakcanberecycledandestimatetheamountoleach.If youare uncertainoftheseamounts,multipiyline1andlhe percentages
provided (based on a survey of constructionprojecls in the Minneapdis.St. Paul metropolitanarea).

TYPICAL . CURRENT ,
, - . RESIDENTIAUCOMMERCIAL PROJECT ESTIMATE
-
d pallets no manufactured
(25%/180/,) est. 20% .................................................. 2a 4811cy
............................................. (10% nS%) ........................................... 2b lliia cy
....................................................... (4.5%/15%) ............................................ 2C X3Q Cy -_
I - I

4 Non-recydablematerial: Subtract line 3 from line 1 ..................................................................................................... 4 J 2 Z L cy

STEP TWO: Estlmate the Cost Effactiveness of Recycling

There are two basic ways to recycle construction waste:

Method 1: Hirearecyclinghauler,thatis,ahaulerwhowillcollect allwaste. ~~rloutatleastthree types of recyclab!ematerialsandtransportthemtoappropriate

buyers, and transportthe remainingwaste loa landfill. The recydinghaulerreceivesthe revenuesfor the recycledmaterials. If the recyclinghaulertakes materials
-
’toamaterialsrecoverfacility, makesurethefacilitywillrecycleatleastthreelypesofmaterialandprocessall loads,includingclea?demoloads.Usethefollowing
formula to determine the costslbenefitsof recycling under Method 1: . I

5 Cost per cy for hauling by a non-recycling hauler .................................................................................. 5 $ -Q

l .!GZ
- ......................... /...........................................
I’ 6
7
8
Cost per cy lor hauling by a recycling hauler
Net benefit (or cost, if less than zero) per cy: Subtract line 6 from line 5
Total net beneffi(orcost, if less than zero) of recycling: Multiply lines 7 and 1

Method 2 Builder separates recyclable materialsfrom waste a d arranges for their transphtion to buyers. Use the following formula to determinethe WSW
6 $ ..X?EZ

benefits of recyding under Method2:

9a Transportalioncosts (fromWorksheet 4)
-9b Sorting costs (from Worksheet B) .....
9c Administrativecosts (from Worksheet i
10 Totatcosts: Add lines 9a, 9b, and Qc ..................................................................... 10 $ A6693
1l a Reducbn in disposal costs: Multiply I
11b Scrap revenues (from Worksheet 0) ..
12 Totalbenefils: Addlinesllaandllb .................................................................................................................................... 12 $JZ.Q3fi .
13 (v
Net benefit cost, if less than zero) of recycling: Subtract line 10
fromline12(line12-line10) ...........................................................
. .
:.................................................................................... 13 $sz%.&&
Ifeither line 8 or line 13 is greater lhan zero, recycling is cost effective for this project. If both lines are greater than zero, the higher repressnls the more
cost effective recycling method. If both lines are less than zero, the higher represenls the less costly method. . .
STEP THREE Estlmate the Intangible Beneflts of Recycling
Does your client respondto environmentalm e m s andyalues? Will recycling improve your company’s public image or improve relations with the
.
community? Will the implementationof a recycling programgive you the edge over a competitor bidding at a similar price? Does recycling ?tribute to your
company by giving employees a sense of satisfaction? Estimate the intangjble benefitsof recycling below:

14a Public relations value of recycling.............................................

14b Value of recyclingto your company ....................
.15 Total intangible benefits: Add lines 14aand 14b ........................ 1555.mQ - ’
16 Insert total from line 8 or line 13 (whkhbver is hig 16 $ 0
i 17 Total benefit (or cost, If less thh zero) of recycling: Add lines 15 and 16 ........................................................................ :.......17 J5.mQ .
If line 17 is greater than zero, the illtangible benefits of recycling make it effective ovyall. If line 17 is less than zero, it shows the total cost of recycling for ‘
the project including intangible benefils.

N o t a Recycling is cost-effective using method one.On thie projcc; method two wa5 n o t cost-effective.
 \

. .
COMPLETEDSAMPLES: Recycling Economics Worksheet Resldentlal And Commercial Construction
. .
Project ~ a w ~ o m EGQQAZ
s
Preparedby vv Date 9/92

The following wotksheet is designed to help determine the cost effectiveness of recyclingwaste malerials generated by a given constructionproject.
Supplementalworksheetsusedforcalcutatingcertainitemsare providedonaseparatesheet.The processallows younoionly tocablale theattualcosts
and benefitsol recyding, but to lactor in (separately) the intangible tynefils ol a recycling program.

STEP ONE: EstlmateTotal Project WasIe and Amounts of RecyclableMatedale

1 Estimate the Total Project Waste in wbc yards (cy) .. 1%icy
Use information Iran previous projects,ilcomparable.)
Determinewhatmaterialsoberecycledandestimatetheamwntof ea^.
Hyoua~uncertainoftheseamounts.
multiplyline 1 andlhepercantages
provided(basedon a survey of construction projects in the Miiineipdis-SI. Paul metropolitan area). .
TYPICAL CURRENT -
R E S I D E N T I A U C OI M ~ PROJECTESTIMATE
2a Wood waste (dimensional lumber, broken crates, and pallets .no manufactured

STEP TWO Estimate the Cost Effectiveness of Recycllng

.There are two basic ways to recycle construction waste:
Method 1: Hire a recyclinghauler,thal is, a hauler who will collect all waste. sort out at least three types of recyclablematerials and transport lhem lo appropriate
buyers,andtransportIheremainingwastetoalandfill. Therecyclinghaulerreceivestherevenuesfortherecycledmalerials.if lherecyciinghaulertakesmaterials
toamaterialsrecoveryfacility,makesurethefacilitywillrecycleat~astthreety~sof materialandpr~essall~ads, includingcieandemoloads. Use’thefollowing
formula to determine,the cosWbenelitsof reqcling under-Method1:

5 Cost per cy for haulingby a non-recycling hauler ................................................................................ 5 $ .-l3.50

6 Cost per cy for hauling by a recycling hauler .................................. 6 $ A L Q Q
A Net benefit (or cost.if less than zero) per cy: 7$s&!cb
8 Total net benefit (or cost, if less than zero) of recycling: Multiply lines 7 and 1. ........................................................................ 8 $<-47RO,

Method 2: Builder separates recyclable materials from waste and arranges for their transportation to buyers. Use the followingformula to determine the costsl
benefits of recycling under Method 2:

9a Transportation costs (from Works

9b Sorting costs (from Worksheet 8) ......................................................................... 9bS-C
9c Administrativecosts (from Worksheet C) ...........................
10 Total cosls: Add lines 9a. 9b, and 9c ..................................................................................................................................... 10
lla Reduction in disposal costs: Mullipiy lines 3 and 5 ...........
. llb Scrap revenues (from Worksheet D).......................................................... ........................................
12 Total benefits: Add lines 1 l a and 1 1b ...............12 $ x j a Q
13 Net benefit (or cost, if less than zero) of recycling: Sublract line 10
from line 12 (line 12. line 10) ............................................................................... 1............................................................... 13 $sZi&E&

If eitherke 8 or line 13 is greater than zero, recyclingis zost effective forthis project. If both lines are greater lhan zero, the higher represents the more
cost effective recydingmethod. If both lines are less than zkro, the higher represents the less costly method.

STEP THREE Estimate the Intangible Benefits of Recycling

Does your client respond to environmental concems and values? Will recycling improve your company’s public image or improve relations with the ,
community?. W11 the implerytation of a recyclingprogram give you the edge over a competitor bidding at a similar price? Does recyclingcontribute to your
company by giving employees a sense of satisfaction? Estimale the intangible benefits of recycling below:
rc
14a Public reiatiw value ol recycling ....................................................................................................... 14a $ 0
14b Value of recycling to your CM
15 Total intangible benelits: Add ........................... 158 4
16 Insert total from line 8 or line 1 16 $<-47M>
17 Total benefit (or wst, if less than zero) 01 recycling: Add lines 15 and 16 ..................................... :................:........................ 17 $

If line 17 is greater than zero, the intangiblebenefits of recyclingmake it effective overall., If line 17 is less than zero, it shows Ihe total cos1 of recyclingfor
the project including intangible benefits.

Note In this case, it would cost -47.50 to recycle by using a hauler who sorts recyclablesoff-site and it would cost -296.50 to 401%
materials on-site for wcycling.
 I SUPPLEMENTALWORKSHEETS
For Use with the Recycling Economics Worksheet Residential & Commercial Construction

WORKSHEET A TRANSPORTATION COSTS, SELF-SORTED MATERIALS (FOR LINE Sa)

Option 1: Outside Hauler

For each material. determine container capacity and the per I w d container and hauling costs. Handlingcosts are not includedbecause it is assumed
materials have been sotled directly into containers. The cost of sorting is estimated in Worksheet B. ,,

Wood: Divide amount on line 2a _hh cy by container capacity (e.g., Uor 30 cy), round OHresult
to nearest whole number 3,
and multiply by containerhaulingcost $ - 2 2 5 $- I

Cardboard: Divide amount on line 2b 9 cy by container capacity. round off result

to nearest whole number 1,
and multiply bJcontainerhauiing cost $3 $143
Concrete: Divide amount on line 2c 0cy by container capacity. round off result
to nearest whde number 0,
and multiply by containerhaulingcost $ D $4
Metals: D i v i i amount on line 2d 4 cy by container capacity. round OH result - 3 2 ~
to nearest whole number 0,
and multiply by containerhaulingcost $ D $0
Total cost of Optin 1, usingwtside hauler: add above amounts ........................................................................... $3

Option 2: Self-Haul Note: Would not *If-haul ymd. lnscrting hauler m5t.
For each material, determine cy per load; hours per trip, and labor and trucking costs per hour.

W o o d Divide amount on line 2a c y by per load capacity c y .

round off to nearest whde number -, and multiply by
hours per trip -and per hour labor and trucKing costs 0- ....................................................... $

Cardboard Divide amDunt on line 2b L c y by per load capacity L c y ,

round OH to nearest whde number 3, and multiply by hours per trip -2.5
and per hour labor and trucking costs $25 $3
Concrete. Divide amount on line 2c -cy by per load capacity -cy ,
round OH to nearest whde number +, and multiply by hours per trip -
and per hour labor and trucking costs $ - $4

'
Metals: Divide amount on line 2d A c y by per load capacity c y .
round OH lo nearest whole number L a n d multiply by hours per trip A
and per b u r labor and trucking costs $ -25 , $A
Total cost of Option 2. self-haul: add above amounts ................................................................. ......$,-.9&25
insert Ictal amounl of Q&gJ or Opiion 2 (whicheveris less) on line 9a.

WORKSHEET B: SORTING COSTS (FOR LINE 9b)

Estimate the numberof hours needed to sort a cubic yard of construction waste .......................... .......................................... -15Jlrs
Determineper hour cost of labor (include benefit and overhead costs, if appropriate) ................................................. $ialhr
Insert amount from line 1 (Total Project Waste) ...................................................................................... 4ri cy
Total sorling costs: Multiply above amounts and insert total on line 9b .................................................................................. : $2265

WORKSHEET C ADMINISTRATIVECOSTS (FOR LINE SC) . .

Arranging and carrying out recyclingactivities may require the involvementof the project manager, superintendent, andor the administrative
support staff.
Project manager: Multiplyestimated number 01 hours 3 _ and cost per'hour $-Ein...................$1RO
Support staff: Multiply estimated number of h o u r s 7 . and cost per hour $3 .............................. ................................. $-&I2 ~

Superintendent
Total administrative costs: Add above amounts and insert total on line 9c .............................................................................. $710

WORKSHEET D: SCRAP REVENUES (FOR LINE I l b )

If you are hauling a recyclable material to market yourself, obtain an estimate 01 its market price. Because market prices fluctuate widely, don't rely
on old figures. Materials that had little market value in the recent past may have increased in value. Conversely, some materials may have little or
no market value.

Wood Multiply market price $-(per cy) and amount from line 2a .................................................................................. $-
Corrugated cardboard: Multiply market price $- (per cy) and amount from line 2b
Concrete: Multiply markel price $-(per cy) and amount lrom line 2c .....................
Metals: Multiply market price $- (per cy) and amount from line 2d ............................................................ /r ................. $-

Total Scrap Revenues: Add above amounts and insert total on line 11b ........................................................................ :........ $4
Section 4:
Sample Bid Specification For Recycling On
Construction Projects
The sample bid specification (guide spec) is designed to address the concern of
builders that if recycling means incurring higher waste management costs, those
who choose to recycle would be at a competitive disadvantage. The spec is setup
so that the contractor makes a waste management plan and a cost estimate for
recycling after being selected as the builder on a project. You are encouraged to
photocopy the guide spec for use and distribution.

Building owners and architects can use the guide spec to inform prospective
builders-that the project requires the chosen builder to develop a recycling plan. It
requires the contractor, after being selected as the builder, to provide a recycling
. plan and cost estimate. If the contractor determines that recycling will cost more
than regular disposal, the owner can choose whether to go ahead with the plan and
pay the extra cost. The guide spec refers to the Recycling Economics Worksheet
and the Markets Directory found in this guidebook.

The guide spec was written by Peter Vesterholt, AIA, and reviewed by members of \
the CICC and the A W M N Committee on the Environment. The CICC endorsed
the guide spec at its January 1993 meeting and plans to make it an appendix to the
Blue Book.

Page 21
 TA GUIDE SPEC
DECEMBER, 1992
SECTION 01505
CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

PART 1 -GENERAL

1.01 REQUIREMENTS INCLUDED

A. Waste Management Goals.
B. Waste Management Plan.
C. Recycling.
D. Reuse.
E. Sorting.
F. Recycling Economics Worksheet.
G. List of Recycling Centers and Haulers.
/

1.02 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

-
A. Section 01010 Summary of Work.
-
6. Section 01500 Construction Facilities and Temporary Controls: Cleaning during Construction.
C. Section 02050 - Building Demolition
D. Section 02072 - Minor Demolitionfor Remodeling.

1.03 WASTE MANAGEMENT GOALS

A. The Owner desires that as many materials as possible from this project (whether new construction,
remodeling or demolition) be salvaged, reused or recycled in order to minimize the impact of
construction waste in landfills and to minimize the expenditure of energy and cost in fabricating
new materials.

To this end the Contractor shall develop with the assistance of the Owner and the ArchitecVEngineers,a
Waste Management Plan for this project. Outlined in Article 1:05A herein are examples of materials
which can be recycled or reused, as well as recommendationsfor waste sorting methods.

1.04 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Within ten (10) days after receipt of Notice of Award of Bid, or prior to any waste removal the
Contractor shall develop with'the Owner and the ArchitecVEngineer a Waste Management Plan.
The plan shall be structured as follows:

1. Cost Benefit Analysis

a. Identify the estimated savings or cost of recycling using the attached Recycling Economics
Worksheet.
b. Determinewhethei certain building materials can be salvaged for resale or reused.

2. Assuming Owner's acceptanceof the savings or cost of recycling, identify:

a. Types of materials for Recycling, Reuse or Sorting.
b. Estimated quantities.
! c. Separation requirements.
d. On-site storage.
e. Transportation method.
f. Destinations. ~

g. Plan Manager (Contractor's representative.)

1.05 RECYCLING

A. The following materials can be recycled in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (as of December 1992):

Material ' Recycling Use

1. Dimensional lumber Animal bedding,
and broken crates and pallets. landscape use. fuel.

Notes: Some recyclers have equipment which removes nails. Plywood and other glued wood products
are not usually accepted for landscape or animal bedding uses.

2. Concrete and Concrete Masonry Units Roadbeds

Page 22
 .
2. Concrete and Concrete Masonry Units Roadbeds

3. Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Asphaltic Concrete Pavement

4. Corrugated Cardboard Paper Products .

5. Metals Metal Products

1.06 REUSE

A. Contractor and Subcontractors are encouraged to reuse as many materials as possible. Reuse is a better
waste management method than recycling because little or no reprocessing is necessary. Thus less
pollution is created when items are reused in their original form.

B. Reuse includes:

1. Salvaging reusable materials from remodeling projects (before the demolition stage) for resale, for
reuse on the current project gr for storage for use on future projects.

2. Returning reusable items such as pallets or unused products to the vendors.

1.07 MATERIALS SORTING

A. The following sorting methods are available:

1. Employing haulers who make use of a materials recovery facility or a transfer station where
recyclable materials are sorted from the waste and recycled before disposing of the remainder.

2. Sorting recyclable materials at the construction site and have them hauled to recycling markets
directly from the site.

Notes:
f

1. If using a hauler or recycling facility to sort out recyclables, certify that they sort all construction
waste loads and not just those that are not acceptable at the demolition landfill and that they
recycle at least three (3)types of material.

2. Landfills will accept "Clean demo" loads which may include all of the recyclable materials
mentioned above except cardboard. However, it is a waste of resources and landfill space to
bury rather than recycle them.

1.08 RECYCLING ECONOMICS WORKSHEET.

A. Refer to Attachment "A" for a Recycling Economics Worksheet, which is to be filled out with the
assistance of the Owner and the ArchitecVEngineer as part of the Waste Management Plan.

1.09 LIST OF RECYCLING CENTERS AND HAULERS.

A. Refer to Attachment '8" for a current list of construction waste recycling centers and waste haulers in the
MinneapolidSt. Paul Metropolitan Area.

-
PART 2 PRODUCTS
Not Used

-
PART 3 EXECUTION
Not Used

END OF SECTION
(Refer to Attachments)

Page 23
 .. Section 5:
Markets Directory
This listing of salvage and reuse organizations, waste haulers, transfer stations,
' materials recovery facilities (MRFs),and construction waste processors is in- .
tended to provide information about reuse and recycling options available for
typical construction materials. The listings are limited to the sevencounty Tkin
Cities metropolitan area. Information was provided voluntarily by the organiza-
tions listed in February of 1993. The authors and sponsors of this guidebook do
not guarantee its accuracy or endorse any of the companies. The list is not
represented as being complete. -6-k

. Other Sources of Information

This directory is not meant to be a comprehensive list of recycling maIkets for
construction wastes. Rather, it is designed to give a good idea of the types of
opportunities available for reusing and recycling construction materials. More
complete listings, in particular of single-materiai markets such as metaIs and
asphalt/concrete can be found in the Resourcelul Waste Management business
recycling guide available from metropolitan county solid waste offices (an updated
version of this directory is due in July 1993) and in the Minnesota Recycling
Directory, available from the Minnesota Office of Waste Management, phone 649
- 5750. Other good sources of information include MPIRC's BARTER waste
exchange program, phone 6274035, and the yellow pages. See Section 6, Refer-
ence section for where to find information on handling problem materials, such a s
fluorescent and HID lamps.

How to Use this Directory

The directory is organized into two major categories, each of which has additional
subcategories. The categories are:

1. Multi-material haulers and processors: Organizations that transport and/or

process more than one construction waste material for, recycling.

< Listed within this category are:

Haulers, transfer stations, and MRFs that accept mixed loads of construc-
tion wastes and sort out three or more materials for recycling; and

Haulers, transfer stations, MRFs, and landfills that recycle one or two types
of construction materials from mixed loads or transport to recyclers one or
more materials that have been sorted on site. Materials that have been
sorted on site are referred to as source-separated materials.

Page 24
 ‘\

Note: If a hauler claims to sort recyclable materials from mixed waste loads but .
also asks that “clean demolition” loads .be separated from remaining wastes,
the “clean demolition” loads are most likely going straight to a demolition landfill
even if they include recyclable materials.
\

2. Single material t‘ecyclers:Organizations that transport and/or

. process primarily
one construction waste material. These materials include:
.
Appliances;

‘ Carpet; ’

Concrete, concrete block, and/or asphalt;

Corrugated cardboard;

Metals;

Polystyrene insulation;

Salvaged/reusable items such as cabinets, doors, and fixtures; and

Wood-dimensional lumber and/or pallets and crates.

Note: Organizations lis_tedin the first category are not inchded in the second
categow. For example, a business that hauls both wood waste and *
cardboard for recycling would be listed in the first category as accepting
both materials. It would not appear again in the second listing under
wood or cardboard.

Additional Notes on Using this Directory:

How Materials are Processed. For a list of how the materials in-this direc-
, tory are recycled locally. see Table 5 in Section 2, Construction Recycling -
Today.

Fees. Unless otherwise noted, organizations listed charge a fee to accept

wastes.

Minimum Quantities. Unless otherwise noted, organizations listed do not‘

require minimum quantities to accept wastes. However, many charge a
minimum fee.

Page 25
t
Multi-material haulers and processors:
Organizations that transport and/or process more than one construction waste material for
recycling.

Unless otherwise noted, organizations listed provide waste containers and do not accept deliveries.

. . 1. Haulers, transfer stations, and MRFs that accept mixed loads of construction wastes and
sort out three or more materials forrecycling:

Concrete, Corrugated Scrap wood: Other

concrete cardboard metals dimensional
block. and/ lumber
or and/
pallets
or asphalt
and crates.

Materials Organization N a m e
and Address 1.
I
Phone
Contact 1
I
Additional
information
I
Area
Served

Buckingham Trucking South

12444 Hwy 13 hauler. Recycles m
Savage M N , 55378 Dakota,
paper, and other Scott
materials
depending on the
job.
L
1
Disposal Systems, Inc 645-6907 Construction and Metro
915 N Albert St Paul Karsten demolition waste
PO B,"x 4007 hauler. Sorts
St. Paul MN 55104 materials at own
yard. Will try to
recycle most
anything.

Goodale Transfer 1-682-2072 Construction! Hemepn

1931 44th St NE Mick demolition waste
Buffalo MN 55313 ', Goodale hauler. Has
recycledcardboard ,

I
I
I
in the past.
I
I

E
Hilger Transler 425-7844 Construction waste
8550 Zachaty Lane Tim Klatke hauler. Minimum
Maple Grove MN 55369 quantity. Also Ramsey
special cleanups, others
demolitionhear
downs.
I
Lloyd's Construc!ion Sew, InC 440-5832 New construction Metro
16860 Welcome Ave SE Stephanie or clean-up and Area
Prior Lake MN . 55372 Jim Lloyd "
smaller scale
demolition wo&
and clean-up.

Page 26
 Materials Organization Name Phone Additional Area
and Address Contact Information
-
Serve1

Materials Recovery, Ltd. 437-8618 Materials recovery Metro

13135 Doyle Path Craig Gerkin facility set up to Area
Rosemount MN 55068 recycle wood and
other materials
from construction waste loads. No hazardous wastes, liquids, treated
lumber, adhesives, or fluorescent bulbs accepted. (Note that this is the
case for most of the haulers listed here.)

North Hennepin Recycling & 425-2239 Transfer station. Metro

Transfer Tim Klatke Accepts drop-offs. Area
8550 Zachary Lane Also accepts oil
MapleGrove MN 55369 hlters, tree waste
(brush) and
appliances lor
recycling.

Poor Richards Inc. 776-2323 Transfer station. Metro

400 Whitall SVPO Box 17022 Kelly Darwin Also accepts Area
St. Paul MN 55117 several other
materials for -
I recycling.
I
2. Haulers, transfer stations, MRFs, and landfills that recycle one or two types of construction
-
materials from mixed loads or transport to recyclers one or more materials that have been
sorted on site,

-I AACE Services
1460 Woodhill Rd
Burnsville MN 55337
894.7470
Jim Johnso.
Small hauling
company pulls
scrap metal out of
mixed loads for
recycling and some
Area
,

I
wood for reuse.

Ben Oehrlein & Sons & 451-1145 Transfer station Wash-

Daughter 10619 Courthouse Vince with sotting line. ington,
Blvd. lnver Grove Heights Vanella Recycles materials
MN 55077 from mixed loads Anoka,
unless load is H"
acceptable at Dakota
demolition landfill.

Boudreau Roll-OH Inc. 867-1321 Hauler recycles Metro

PO Box 185 Dayna source-separated Area
Rockford MN 55373 Boudreau scrap metal and
Scrap metal some wood.
wood, other Working on
recycling carpeting.

Cooper's Hauling 824-6250 Small construction H"

Mpls Ann Cooper waste hauler. Pulls Dakota
recyc. scrap metal and 1

cardboard from
mixed loads for.
recyc. Some
appliance recyc.

Page 27
 . A
. .

-
Organization Name Phone Additional Area
1 -
' Materials and Address Contact Information ierved
_c.

>redit River Services 169-2949 . Hauler provides Scott,

!0230 Judicial Rd Jim of several bins for Iakota,
'nor Lake MN 55372 Ieb Dill soumseparated Wash-
materials. ington,
dhers
-
%ure Companies 783-8209 Wood, scrap metal Metro
I1 St. Anthony Blvd. >on Mildon Accepts source- Area
dinneapolis MN 55418 separated pallets,
scrap lumber, and
scrap metal.

ndustrial Roll 011Service 365-1431 Constructid Metro

I2344 99th Ave N Jim Fansler demolition hauler. Area
dapleGrove MN 55369 Pulls scrap metal
and cardboard from
mixed loads for
recycling.
I
-
?ayAnderson and Sons Co, Inc. ?74;2550 Minimum quantity. Metro
330 Duluth St 3ick Construction/ Area
3. Paul MN 55106 4nde6$1 demolition hauler.
Pulls scrap metal
and cardboard from
mixed loads for
recycling.
-
Recycling Tech. 8 Transfer Inc 123-6452 Minimum quantity Metro
1666 Wbite Bear Ave #1S David for pick-up or call to Area
St. Paul MN 55106 Triemerl arrange drop-off
(separate drop-off
location lor
drywall). Recycles
source-Separated
materials. Some
drywall composted.

SKB Rich Valley Landfill 224-6329 Landfill and transfer

2490 117th St John Domke station. Pull clean
lnver Grove Heights MN 55075 lumber and scrap
metal from mixed
\ . loads for &cycling.
Large concrete
crushing operation.
. AI? appliance
recycling.

Waste Control Container . 227-6394 Recycles source- Metro

Service 95 West Ivy Ave Greg Geer separated cardboar Area
St. Paul, MN 55117 and scrap metal.

\ /

Page 28
' . , ,
Single Material Recyclers: Organizations that transport and/or process
primarily one construction waste material.

Many'of the single material recyclers require you to deliver materials to them. All reserve the
right to refuse a load if it does not meet their specifications. Your best bet is to call ahead

Materials OrganizationName
and Address I
1
Phone
Contact
Additional
Information
I Area
Served

Major household appliances (No TVs) A-Plus Appliance 298-1929 -

Accept drop-offsMonday Saturday. Metro Area
747 Payne Ave nla Hauling senrice available. Outside
St. Paul MN 55101 Metro, minimum quantity 20 units.

Appliances only , ARCA 378-1100 Hauling service available- Metro Area

2601 Broadway NE nla appliartces must be at ground level
Minneapolis MN 55413 outside. Drop-offs accepted.

All major appliances, includingTVs Bloomington-Lakeville Appliance 884-1594 Accept drop-off. No hauling Service south Metro
18863 Cedar Ave S nla . available. (Bloomington store has
Lakeville MN 55044 been closed.)
~

All major household appliances, no Don Barbeau Appliance 827-7019 Accepts drop-offs. Mpls and
NS. 319 W Lake St nla suburbs
Mpls MN 55108

All major white goods JRs Appliance Disposal Hauling service available, drop-offs - ' Metro Area
8980 Jefferson Trail W accepted. '
lnver Grove Hgts MN 55077

Carpet Carpet Recovery Innovation

32273 124th st
441-8300
Pete Hovde
Call to arrange drop-off or hauling
service.
--IMetro A r e a
Princeton MN 55371

Carpet and carpet pad. No rubber United Recycling 929-7175 Call to arrange drop-off or hauling Metro Area
backed or waffle backed carpet. Must 3119 Lynn Ave S Kim service.
be dry St. Louis Park MN 55416 Harrington

I
Clean concrete (no rebar, wire, mesh, Ashbach Construction Co 222-1994 Tipping fee for concrete. NO fee for Metro Area
brick or asphalt). Clean asphalt (no 299 Olmstead St asphalt. Call to arrange drop-off. No
concrete). St. Paul MN 55101 container or hauling service.

Concrete and asphalt. Rebar and wire Barton Sand and Gravel 425-4191 14 metro area locations. Call to Metro Area
mesh okay, but extra charge. Keep -
10633 89th Ave N nla arrange drop-off. No hauling or
concrete and asphalt separate Osseo MN 55369 container service.

Page 29
 Materials Organization Name Phone Additional Area
and Address Contact Information - Served

Asphalt Commercial Asphalt Co. 739-4675 12 Metro locations Metro Area

Box210
Newport MN 55055

Concrete, concrete Moctasphalt, Carl Bolander & Sons Co. 224-6299 No minimum quantity, drop-off MNro Area
brick Capp Rd. and Vandalia St. Bob Rentz accepted, no hauling or container
St.Pau1 MN service.

Concrete with or without rebar. Edward Kraemer 8 Sons, Inc. 890-3611 Call to arrange drop-off. No container Metro Area
Asphalt. Clean, no rocks or other 1020 West Cliff Rd Dispatch or hauling service.
debris. Keep concrete and asphalt Bumsville MN 55337
separate

Corrugated cardboard. Must be clean Waldorf Corporation 2250 641-4875 Metro Area
Wabash Ave. Mary
. St. Paul MN 55114 Bangle

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals Alliance Steel Service Co. Inc. 588-2721 75 mile
11531stAve. North Harold radius
Minneapolis MN 55411 Goldfine

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals Alter Scrap Processing 222-2751 Toll-free phone 800/628-7645. Metro Area
801 Barge Channel Rd. Brian Meng Container and hauling service
St. Paul MN 55101 available as well as drop-off.
Consumer hotline 946-5858.

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals American Iron & Supply 529-9221 Container and hauling service Metro Area
2800 Pacific St. Daryl Parks available, based on tonnage. Drop-off
Minneapolis MN 55411 accepted.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metal, heavy Gordon Iron and Metal Co. 439-4327 They accept drop-off of a minimum Metro Area
t scrap only 207 E. Nelson St. Sherman or quantity of scrap.
Stillwater MN 55082 Frank

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal Great Western Recycling Ind. 224-4877 Containers and hauling service Metro Area
521 Barge Channel Rd Mike available. Dropoff accepted.
\ a
'
St.Paul MN 55107 Silverman

Non-ferrousmetals only; no steel Kirschbaum-KruppMetal Co. 521-9212 - Containers and k e n g service Metro Area
1728 N 2nd St. Rochelle or available. Drop-off accepted.
Minneapolis MN 55411 Barry Krupp

Aluminum, brass, copper I Kronick Industries, Inc. 331-8080 Container and hauling service Metro Area
3101 Hennepin Ave. E. Steve Luzar available. Drop-off accepted from
Minneapolis MN 55413 commercial sources only.

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Loads Leder Bros. Iron & Metal Co. 721-6244 Container and hauling service Metro Area
must be free from wood, glass, hazard- 3240 Snelling Ave. S. Mark or available. Drop-off accepted.
ous wastes,andanyothercontaminants. Minneapolis MN 55406 lssac Leder

Page 30
$
\
 Materials Organization Name Phone Additional Area
and Address Contact Information Served

Ferrous and non:ferrous scrap metal Mattin Bush Iron & Metal Co. 521-4797 Containers and hauling service Metro Area
1601 N. 2nd St. Art Smith, available. Drop-off accepted
Minneapolis MN 55411 Ed Bush

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal Metals Reduction Co., lnc. 222-8551 Containers and hauling service Metro Area
355 E. UniversityAve Harold available. Drop-off accepted.
St. Paul MN 55101 Kaplan

Scrap metals MississippiStreet Metals 222-0533 Containerand hauling service Metro Area
800 Mississippi St. Ivan Jacobs available. Drop-off accepted from
St. Paul MN 55101 wmmercial sources only.

Ferrousand non-ferrous scrap metals Sam Bloom Iron & Metal Co. 521-2295 Container and hauling service Metro Area
1508 N. 2nd St. Chades available. Drop-off accepted.
Minneapolis MN 55411 * West

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal Schwartzman Co. 421-1187 Container and hauling service 50 mile
2905FerrySt. . John available. Accepts commercial and radius
Anoka MN 55303 schwa” industrialsource metals for recycling.

Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals Scrap Metal Processors, Inc. 377-6663 Container and hauling service Metro Area
150 Girard Ave. N. Michael available. Drop-off accepted.
Minneapolis MN 55405 Haglund ‘ .

Expandedpolystyrene, polyethylene, Foam Fabrjcators 274-8009 Call to arrange drop-off. Hauling

polyurethene. Packaging, insulation. 330 Commercial Dr. W Larry sewice may be available.
Must be clean: no dirt, no paint; no AnnandaleMN 55302 Schemer
food. Materialfrom demolition jobs is
not acceptable

Clean and dry expanded polystyrene. Styrotech 789-4001 Call to arrange drop-off. They reserve-
Material lelt over from new 1620 Central Ave NE Donna the right to refuse any deliveries.
construction o.k -no glue, cement, Mpls MN 55413
tar, paint or rocks. Band or neatly
stack larger pieces

Clean polystyrene foam insulation Plymouth Foam 425-8855 Call to arrange drop-off. No fee to
9540 83rd Ave. N. Maple Roy Each accept materials.
Grove MN 55369

Prefer to examine items before Accent Liquidators 884-2166

Richard
Call to &range drop-off or pick-up.
E
Metro Area
accepting. Will purchase some items. 5200 W. 73rd St. Store fixtures. Showcases, checkout
‘
Call toarrange drop-off or pick-up Mpls MN 55439 Babbe counters, dress racks, wall fixtures, all
in good condition.

From buildings built 1940s or earlier ArchitecturalAntiques 801 332-8344 Preier a week or more to remove Metro Area
-lighting fixtures, buffets, doors, Washington Ave N Scott materials themselves. Call to arrange
hardware, trim and molding, stained Mpls MN 55401 Anderson pick-up or drop-off. They purchase
glass windows, marble, cement pots some items.
(ums). They reserve the right to refuse
some drop-offs.

Page 31 ‘
 Materials. I Organization Name
and Address
Additional
Information
Area
Served

Doors, windows, plumbing, paneling, Bauer Bro!-#rs Salvage 489-9044 Large salvage yard. Call to arrange Metro Area
plywood, sinks and toilets, boilers, 174 E Arlington Ave &b, Russ drop-off, or hauling and salvage
radiators all in good condition. St. Paul MN 55117 orchuck Service.
Some appliances (fee charged).
-
Toilets, radiators, sinks, tank covers, in Frank Sales Company 338-7609 Depending on items and condition, Metro Area
reasonably pad condition 1101 Washington Ave S da may be willing to buy. CaU to arrange
Mpls MN 55415 drop-off or pi&-up. 8

Buy and sell used electrical equipment: H and H Euying and Selling Call to arrange drop-off or pick-up. Will Metro Area
Electric motors, circuit breakers, trans- Mpls MN 588-6560 buy some items.
tormers, dry transformers, electrical bus Rodney Hell
duct -all in good condition.

Kitchen cabinets (modular as opposed Habitat for Humanity Call to arrange donation of good Metro Area
to built in) minimum of 9 base unlt, 1121S7thSt 332-3372 quality materials. If match found, drop-
carpets (no shag, good quality, .
Mpls MN 55415 Steve off or pick-upcan be ananged.
minimumd lo'xlo'), insulated glass Clemens
windows: interiorlexteriordoor units
(ext door must be insulated steel),
bathroom vanities whop, appliances,
more.

Unusual architectural details. Cast J D Hawkins Antiques 690-2865 Condition determines price paid for Metro Area
iron columns. bank teller cages, 1787 St. Clair Ave Burton items. Call Io arrange drop-off or pick-
copper rain gutters and spouts, StPaul MN 55105 Dvergsdal UP. .-
lighting, fencing,large clocks, terra
cotla masonry, many others, in

'1 1
reasonably good condition.

Salvage used restaurant, grocery Nielsen Store Equipment 646-2649 Prefer removing equipment Metro Area
store, cafeteria equipment (refrigera- 524 N Snelling Ave Floyd themselves. They rebuild used
tors, freezers, walk-in
, coolers,
,walk-in St. Paul MN - 55104 Carlson , equipment for resale I

freezers, booths, tables, chairs,

compressors, etc.)

Building materials such as nails, PPL Construction Department 874-8511 They rehab. homes for low-income inetro Area
lumber, tools, cement , rolls of 2516 Chicago Ave S Greg families. Call to arrange drop-off.'
insulation, doors, furnaces and boilers Mpls MN 55404 Domke
less than ten years old, light fixtures,
carpet, appliances, paint (whites),
wallpaper -all in good condition.
~~ ~ ~~

Kitchen cabinetry, bathroom vanities, Project for Pride In Living 789-3322 Not for profitorganizationprovides detro Area
some lighting fixtures. Materials must 850 15th Ave NE Sue or Mark training to hard-to-employindividuals.
be in good cotldition having been Call to arrange drop-off or pick-up.
remwed with care. No appliances,
carpeting, sinks or toilets. (See PPL
Construction Depatiment.)

Transfoners, distribution, bus du?, Root Equipment and Supply 788-9738 Call to arrange drop-off or pick-up. detro Area
motors, disconnects, industrial 3930 University Ave NE Jim Jensen
electrical equipment, starters, in good Mpls MN 55421
condition.

Page 32
 -
MateriaI s Organization Name Phone Additional -Area
and Address Contact InformatioI'I Served

Good condition doors and windows Siwek Lumber & Idillwork Inc 781-3333 May purchase items, depending on
and door and window hardware. 2436 Mashall St NE Tom Siwek condition. Call to arrange drop-off.
Mpls MN 55418 MA
-~

Any type of store fixture. Shelving, The Showcase Place 521-0876 Call to arrange drop-off or pick-up. Will Metro Area
hdding racks, etc. (wood, metal, 2432 N 2nd St Pat Sullivan pay for most items depending on
SkN Mpls MN condition.
~

Home and office fumiture, newer United Way Gifts in Kind 340-7421 Program matches donors with non-
appliays, lighting fixtures, and other Caty Jirik profit organizations. If match found,
items, in good condition. drop-off or pick-upcan be arranged.

Scrap lumber, pallets, brush, tree Advanced Envir. PrDducts Inc. 546-3208 On-site mobile grinding service.
waste, other waste wood. Nails and 6465 Wayzata Blvd Jason Minimum quantity 8 hours of grinding.
bolts 0.k. Mpls MN 55426 Jentzsch (Capacity 90 tonhour.) No dropsff or

Scrap lumber, pallets. No treated

wood. Nails are o.k., but no bolts or
I

Dunham Bros Wood Recycling

10831 215th St W
469-2427
da
' hauling. . '

Hauling service available or call to

arrange drop-off.
other metal fastened to wood. Lakeville MN 55044
I .
Pallets only. Nails 0.k Pallet Service Corporation 788-4466 Call for drop-off.
1600 Fillmore St. NE Tom or
Mpls MN . 55413 John

Pallets. Must be clean. Small amount Retum IN., Pallets 930-9151 Will pay for good condition pallets in
of paint 0.k. Nails 0.k. -
420 6th Ave S Kirk sizes 48' x 40' and 48' x 42', otherwise
Hopkins MN 55343 Zahrbcck fee to accept. Call to arrange drop off.

Offer wash and dry service for plastic ,Tote Distributing 890-3913
pallets. 3500 Highway 13 West
Bumsville MN ,55337 I I
139 John E. CarrollAve E. Merle quantity for pick-up, 100 pallets.
St. Paul MN 55075 Laumeyer

Page 33
,
 Y

Section Six
Reference Section
\

Here is a list of a few sources of information related to managing construction and remodeling waste.

1. Information o n Environmentally Oriented Building Materials and Technique9

3.. (GREBE) lists sources of home building

materials which
make eflicient use of the primary resources from which they are made;
'
contain recycled secondary resource materials;
if a composite material, provide an environmentally sound alternative to traditional resource
intensive products; and/or
complete with traditional material in quality, durability, and cost over the l i e of the house,

The GREBE is available from the Center for Resourceful Building Technology (CRBT) P.O. Box
3866, Missoula, MT 59806. Phone 406/549-7678.

The Recycled Products Guide includes building materials made from recycled materials and can
be obtained from P.O. Box 577 Ogdensburg, NY 13669. Phone 800/267-0707.

The Minnesota Office of Waste Management ( O W has fact sheets and other information on
buying recycled products in Minnesota. Call the Buy Recycled Program at 649-5750 or 800/657-
3843.

American Institute of Architects (AIA) Environmental Resource Guide (ERG)

The ERG is a quarterly subscription service containing resources on materials analysis, waste
reduction and management, site design and land use, natural resources, energy and lighting,
indoor air quality, case histories demonstrating implementation of environmental principles, and a
long list of references for additional information.

It is available from the AIA Committee on the Environment by calling 202/62&7331 or 800/365
ARCH

2. Resources for Information on Handling Problem Materials

Some construction materials can be problems in the waste stream. For information on regulations
and how to handle such hazardous or problem materials as paints, solvents, sealants, fluorescent
tubes, lead, and treated wood:

In the seven-county metropolitan area, call the county hazardous wa&e departments:

Anoka County: 422-7069 Carver County: 448-1217

Dakota County: 891-7556 Hennepin County: 3484919 rr-
Ramsey County: 292-7898 Scott County: 496-8177
Washington County: 43@6655

In Greater Minnesota, call the MPCA Generator Technical Assistance Unit at 800/657-3724 or
612/2966300.

Another source of assistance which is non-regulatory and can be called anonymously is MnTAP
(Minnesota Technical Assistance Program) at 6274646 in the Metro area or 800/247-0015 in
Greater Minnesota.

Asbestos. For information on handling asbestos, call the Asbestos Abatement Unit in the Minne-
sota Department of Health's Environmental Health Department at 612/627-5089 or 5097, or call
John Elling or anyone else in the MPCAAsbestos Unit at 296-8011.
 I ‘ f

, Bibliography
Recycling Construction Materials -.
1. Apotheker, Steve, “Managing Construction and Demolition materials”, ,August
1992, pp. 50-61.
2. Barnes-Driscoll, Erin, ~ .. . . . .. ,Metropolitan
Council Publication NO.520-90-153, July 1990,19 pages.

3. Robert H., ”Construction Waste & Demolition Debris ...Problem or Opportunity?”, Demoli-
, Brickner,
tianage,October 1992, pp. 32-35., November 1992, pp. 1426.
4. Brickner, Robert H. and Eileen Glass, “Shedding Light on C&D Issues”,- : Vol. 30, No.
6, June 1992.

5. Brickner, Robert H.,no- , - W

..
Publication of Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc., June 1992.

6. Collins, Kasey, “Recycling: Cleaning Up for Our Future”, Commercial,Mqy/June 1991,pp. 10-
12.

7. Connel, Greg, “Life after demolition”, ,July 1990, pp. 38-42.

8. Construction Industry Affairs Committee of Chicago, “Praposed CIAC Recommendation: Recycling

Construction Waste
Materials”, Released 11/15/90. (Contact: William T. Lohmann, Murphy/Jahn, Chicago).

9. Curro, Joseph P., “An inside view of C & D recycling” IihQcle, March 1991, pp. 31-36.
10. Dobbs, David and Wendy Talarico, ‘Turning Trash into Cash -Asdisposal costs rise, contractors are
finding that
recyclingis notjust afeel-good exercise, b u t a ~ n a n ~ i a l n e c e s s i t y,March ” , ~
-1991, pp.
21-25.
11. Federle, Mark O., Analysis of I
. .
3 - W , Publication of
*

Engineering Research Institute at Iowa State University.

12. Greater Toronto Home Builders Association, * , (contact THBAat

416/391-3445).

13. Hams, Sydney M., “Processing construction and demolition waste”, ‘ ,May/June
1988, pp. 22-62.
14. Higgins, KevinT., ‘TheGreatest Story NeverTold”. ,October 1990,pp.
24-27.
15. “Industrial Recycling Takes the Stage”, EkCy.de,July 1991, p. 68.

16. Lee, Benjamin, “New-Style MRFs Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste”,
Earrer, vol. 5, No. 5, October 1991.
17. Lohmann, William, “Recycling Construction Waste” ,May 1991, p. 69.
18.
..
1 . Published by
Associated BuildingContractors of the Triple Cities and General Building Contractors of New York
State. Researched and written by B. Piasecki, J. Ray, and P. Golden of American Hazard Control Group.
March 1990,74 pages.

19. “New Recycling Centers Take All Building Debris” E n g i News Repctxf ,June 1991.

. 20. Spencer, Robert, “Recycling Opportunities for Demolition Debris”, EkCyqk, Nov. 1989, pp. 42-44.

Page 35
 i
. ..

21. Spencer, Robert, “Taking Control of C & b Debris” EkCycle, July 1991, pp. 65-67.
.
22. “Recycling Debris from Construction Projects”, EkGycle, August 1992, pp. 62-63.

23. VermontAgencyof Natural Resources,

.. # BY
C.T. Donovan Associates, Inc., Dec. 1990,150 pages.
Asphalt/Concrete
24. Donovan, Christine T., “Construction and demolition waste processing: new solutions to an old
problem”, . ,August 1991, pp. 146-155.
25. “Another Life for Wood and Stone”, Waste,publication of Western F‘inger Lakes Authority, Vol.
2, No. 7, October 1991.
Paint
‘26. Rhea, Marsha, “Subcontractors recycle construction waste for profit and by necessity“,
trach~,Vol. 14, No. 12, September 1992.

27. Watson, Tom, “Out of the Basements: A Review of Paint Recycling”, Resource Recycling, Nov. 1989,
pp. 32-58.

Plastics
28. Rebeiz, K.S., “Re‘cycling Plastics in the Construction Industry”, !&k&e, February 1992, pp. 3538.

29. Rubasca, Lisa, “Manufacturers Recycle EPS Foam”, ,November 1992.

30. “Building EPS Recycling Into the Construction Industry”. ,July/August 1992.
Reuse
31. Whitten, Matthew, “Reuse of low-end construction and demolition debris”, * ,April
1992, pp: 115122.

32. “ReUze building centre is for real!”.

Wallboard/Drywall
33. Kalin, Zev, “CanadaTargets C&D Debris”, l3kCyde,January 1991, pp. 3536.

34. Masick, Mark, “Recycling Gypsum from C&D Debris”, EhGy.de, March 1992, pp. 3435.

35. Staatz, Ann, “Builder sets recycling standard”, * ,July 30,1992.

Wood Waste
36. Apotheker, Steve, “Wood Waste Recovery Grinds Out New Success”, * ,April1990,
PP. 64-69.

37. Donovan, Christine T., “Recycling Wood Wastes Offers New Opportunities”, Y&tdgeAee,
&pt. 1988,
pp. 143-144. l

38. Donovan, ChristineT.,‘Wood Waste Reeoveryand Processing”, ,March 1991,pp.

84-92.

39. Gitlin, Lisa, “Integrating Wood into the Recycling Loop”, ,June 1991, pp. 58-63.
-
40. Goldstein, Nora, “Demolition Contractor Becomes Recycler”, BkGyde, January 1992.

41. Gubbels, Dale and Ellen O’Meara, “An overview of post-consumer wood waste recovery options”,
ResourceRecvcline, April 1992, pp.68-70.

42. O’Brien, Kathleen, ‘Wood Waste Recycling Options”, BioCvcle.May 1991, pp. 82-86.
I

43. Spencer, Robert, ‘Whittling Away at Wood Waste”, B,hcy&, January 1992, pp. 52-53.

44. Woods, Randy, “A Crisis is Building”, WasteAPe,

January 1992, pp. 26-36. ,

45. Woods, Randy, “Riding the C&D Tide”, Eask&, April 1992, pp. 119-128.

. Page 36