Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

12 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Second Semester – Module 1: The Nature
and Goals of Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 Development Team of the Module

Writer/s: Queenie D. Duhaylungsod

Marwin E. Limbaga
Aiza Nor T. Salem

Editor: Mohamar D. Rindo, PhD

Juvy R. Mustapha, EdD
Evaluators: Edna A. Opog, EdD
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Rey C. Magsayo
Management Team: Majarani M. Jacinto, EdD, CESO VI
OIC, Schools Division Superintendent

Visminda Q. Valde, EdD

OIC, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Raymond M. Salvador, EdD, CESE

OIC, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Juliet A. Magallanes, EdD

CID Chief

Florencio R. Caballero, DTE

EPS - LRMDS

Alma L. Carbonilla, EdD

EPS – Araling Panlipunan

What I Need to Know

This module will help you grasp the Nature and Goals of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science. Sociology is the study of human social relationships
and institutions. Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to
religion, from the family to the state. While anthropology is a branch of sociology, it
always describes human, human behavior and human societies around the world.
Political science, by nature, is a social science that deals with humans and their
interactions.

The competency included in this module:

1. Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology,
sociology and political science.

2
 At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
o identify the nature and goals of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.
o identify the perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political
Science.
o explain the different perspectives.

What I Know
Pretest

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to your chosen answer.

1. This term which means the scientific study of man or human beings.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Politics D. Sociology
2. It always describes human, human behavior and human societies around
the world.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Politics D. Sociology
3. It attempts to explain how the social world operates.
A. Anthropological theory C. Political theory
B. Cultural theory D. Sociological theory
4. It defines how people relate to nature and their physical environment.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Political D. Sociology
5. It sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of
resources, power, and inequality.
A. Conflict perspective C. Functionalist perspective
B. Cultural perspective D. Theoretical perspective
6. It is the study of human social relationships and institutions.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Politics D. Sociology
7. It is used to analyze and explain objects of social study and facilitate
organizing sociological knowledge.
A. Conflict perspective C. Functionalist perspective
B. Cultural perspective D. Theoretical perspective
8. It is a social science that deals with humans and their interactions.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Political Science D. Sociology
9. It is a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some
person or thing.
A. Beliefs B. Customs C. Norms D. Traditions
10. It refers to a theoretical foundation of contemporary anthropology.
A. Nature of Anthropology C. Nature of Politics
B. Nature of Culture D. Nature of Sociology
11. It is a theoretical perspective of sociology that focuses on understanding
the relationship between humans and society.
A. Conflict perspective C. Symbolic interaction perspective
B. Functionalist perspective D. Theoretical perspective

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 12. What perspective that used to analyze and explain objects of social study
and facilitate organizing sociological knowledge.
A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective
B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective
13. What perspective that studies the tendencies and actions of people which
cannot be easily quantified or examined.
A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective
B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective
14. What is an example of anthropological perspective?
A. Environment issues of pollution C. Democracy
B. Form of government D. Phenomenon
15. The following are the examples of Political Science. EXCEPT:
A. Federal Concept
B. Issues on health and medicine
C. Study of democracy as a form of government
D. Why democracy as the best form of government

The Nature, Goals, and

Lesson
Perspectives of Anthropology,
1
Sociology and Political Science

What’s In
This self-learning module will assist you with understanding the ideas of
culture and society. Especially, you will learn culture and society as an unpredictable
entire, just as different angles. This module will assist you with understanding
society as that field which incorporates convictions, rehearses, values, mentalities,
laws, standards, antiques, images, information, and all that an individual learns and
offers as a citizen. Likewise, the module will assist you with understanding the
highlights of culture and society, and the critical changes or change occurring in the
current society.

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 Activity 1. Let us Review

Directions: In your own understanding define Anthropology, Sociology and

Political Science. Write your answers in your notebook.

ANTHROPOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE

What’s New

Activity 2. What I Think About This

Directions: Rundown your perception about the given picture beneath. Keep in
touch with your perception in the space provided.

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 What Is It
Here are the things to learn about the nature and goals of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science.

Anthropology is “the science of humanity,” which studies human beings in aspects

ranging from the biology and evolutionary history of Homo sapiens to the features of
society and culture that decisively distinguish humans from other animal species. It
is the study, analysis, and description of humanity’s past and present. Questions
about the past include pre-historic origins and human evolution.
The nature of anthropology can be viewed from its historical perspective because is
a global discipline involving humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences.
Curiosity about strange people and customs in far off parts of the world is what
primarily motivated these early amateur anthropologists.

Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. Sociology is
a discipline in social sciences concerned with human society and human social
activities. The focus is on understanding and explaining society which ranges from
the individual in social interaction to groups to societies and global social processes.

The ultimate goal of sociology is to acquire knowledge about society like all the other
social sciences discipline, as Samuel Koenig has pointed out the ultimate aim of
sociology is” to improve man’s adjustment to life by developing objective knowledge
concerning social phenomena which can be used to deal effectively with social
problems”. In addition, it also aims to
• Understand how membership in one’s social group affects individual
behavior.
• Understand the meaning and consequences of modernity, postmodernity
and the new globalization.
• Understand the meaning and consequences of modernity, postmodernity
and the new globalization.
• Understand how cultures and institutions interact in different societies.
• Understand the causes and consequences of social change in terms of
general causes and effects as well as unique historical circumstances.
• Understand the causes and consequences of population composition and
pressures and how population affects the environment and development
of societies.
• Provide information that reflects upon different policy initiatives

Political Science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of governance,
and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions
and political behavior. Politics is not only a mere institution of governance but also
a mechanism for achieving societal goals. It includes matters concerning the
allocation and transfer of power in decision-making, the roles and systems of
governance including governments and international organizations, political
behavior and public policies.

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The main goal of political science is the concern with the process of growth,
industrialization and change and the impact on government forms and policies. It
describes how various political systems function, and to find more effective political
systems. In addition, the goal of political science is to measure the success of
governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stability,
justice, material wealth, peace and public health.

Anthropological perspectives are culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork, human

diversity, holism, bio-cultural focus. The four main perspectives of Anthropology
are the cross-cultural or comparative emphasis, its evolutionary/historical
emphasis, its ecological emphasis, and its holistic emphasis (Dudgeon). An
example for this is the analysis and solutions of the different aspects of the society
such as the environment issues of pollution, the issues on health and medicine
and other issues related to the human activities.

Sociological perspective introduces the discipline of sociology, including

something about its history, questions, theory, and scientific methods, and what
distinguishes it from other social science disciplines. Central features include
social interaction and relationships, social contexts, social structure, social
change, the significance of diversity and human variation, and the critical,
questioning character of sociology. It also explores what sociologists do.

Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives:

1. the functionalist perspective;

2. the conflict perspective; and
3. the symbolic interaction perspective.

Theoretical perspective is used to analyze and explain objects of social study,

and facilitate organizing sociological knowledge. In functionalist perspective,
societies are thought to function like organisms, with various social institutions
working together like organs to maintain and reproduce societies. The conflict
perspective sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of
resources, power, and inequality.

Political science perspective studies the tendencies and actions of people

which cannot be easily quantified or examined. Political science is more focused
than most social sciences. It sticks to the political arena and to the realm of
politics, either dealing with situations with two competing sides or the lateral
decisions that affect the group as a whole. An example is the study of democracy
as a form of government and why is democracy considered as the best form of
government.

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 What’s More
Activity 3. Cloud Web Organizer
Directions: Using the cloud web organizer, write the most important details about
the nature and goals of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science in your activity
notebook.

Anthropology
Sociology

Political Science

Process Questions:

1. How do you find the activity?

2. What are the important details you find out about the topic?
3. Do you find it helpful to know about the details of the topic?

Activity 4. Jumbled Letters

Directions: There are five words that you can find below; however, the letters
are jumbled. A short description is provided to help you identify the words.
Kindly write the correct word/phrase on the blanks provided. Write your
answer in your notebook.

1. GYOLOPORTHAN Scientific study of man or human beings.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

2. GYOLOICOS Study of human social relationships and

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ institutions.

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 3. CALITILOP ECNEICS A social science that deals with humans
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ and their interactions.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __

4. ERUTLUC Consists of beliefs, behaviors, objects, and

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ other characteristics common to the
members of a particular group or society.

5. SFEILEB A state or habit of mind in which trust or

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ confidence is placed in some person or
thing.

What I have Learned

Activity 5: Idea Map

Directions: Draw and complete the diagram in your notebook by writing the
importance of knowing the perspective of anthropology, sociology, and political
science.

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 What I Can Do
Activity 6. My Poem
Directions: Create a 4-stanza poem reflecting the nature, goals, and perspectives of
anthropology, sociology, and political science.

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
__________

Rubric for Poem Making

Beginning Developing Accomplished Exemplary

(1 point) (2 points) (3 points) (4 points)

The sequence of The sequencing of The sequencing of The sequencing of

words and phrases words and phrases words and phrases words and
is random. The is very confusing is somewhat logical phrases is logical,
reader can find no and the reader may and the reader is and the reader is
Organization evidence of need to use his or able to follow the able to follow the
thoughtful ordering her own knowledge ordering of ideas ordering of ideas
of ideas. to determine the with minimal effort easily.
ordering of ideas.
The poem uses The poem uses The poem uses The poem uses
general or ordinary general or ordinary several descriptive many precise,
terms to describe terms to develop a words to develop a vivid, and
the object; the main idea or main idea or descriptive words
Word Choice words do not message message to develop a main
develop a main idea idea or message
or message
Numerous spelling Numerous spelling There are spelling There are no or
errors impede the errors impede the errors, which may or very few spelling
reader from reader from may not be errors. They are
Spelling understanding the understanding the developmentally developmentally
poem’s message. poem’s message. appropriate. appropriate and
Some of the errors However, they do not do not impede the
are developmentally impede the reader’s reader’s
appropriate, but understanding of the understanding of
others should have poem. the poem.
been noticed and
corrected.

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Activity 7. Frayers Organizer

Directions: Write your answer in your activity notebook.

1. How the perspective of 2. Now that you have learned about

Anthropology, Sociology and Political these concepts, what will be the things
Science help you? you do as a youth?

REFLECTION

3. How can you apply these concepts 4. How can you impact your
in your daily life? community about the concepts you
have learned?

Great Job! You finish the module! Before you take off, let’s answer the Assessment
(Post-test).

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to your chosen answer.

1. What perspective focuses on culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork, human

diversity, holism, and bio-cultural?

A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective

B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective
2. The following are the 4 main perspectives of Anthropology. EXCEPT:
A. Comparative emphasis C. Ecological emphasis
B. Comprehensive emphasis D. Historical emphasis
3. What perspective introduces the discipline of sociology?
A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective
B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective

11
4. It is a theoretical perspective of sociology that societies are thought to function
like organisms, with various social institutions working together.
A. Conflict perspective C. Symbolic interaction perspective
B. Functionalist perspective D. Theoretical perspective
5. It is a theoretical perspective of sociology that sees social life as a competition,
and focuses on the distribution of resources, power and inequality.
A. Conflict perspective C. Symbolic interaction perspective
B. Functionalist perspective D. Theoretical perspective
6. It is a theoretical perspective of sociology that focuses on understanding the
relationship between humans and society.
A. Conflict perspective C. Symbolic interaction perspective
B. Functionalist perspective D. Theoretical perspective
7. What perspective that used to analyze and explain objects of social study and
facilitate organizing sociological knowledge.
A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective
B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective
8. What perspective that studies the tendencies and actions of people which
cannot be easily quantified or examined.
A. Anthropological Perspective C. Sociological Perspective
B. Political Science Perspective D. Theoretical Perspective
9. What is an example of anthropological perspective?
A. Democracy Environment issues of pollution C. Form of government
B. Environment issues of pollution D. Phenomenon
10. The following are the examples of Political Science. EXCEPT:
A. Federal Concept
B. Issues on health and medicine
C. Study of democracy as a form of government
D. Why democracy as the best form of government
11. This term which means the scientific study of man or human beings.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Politics D. Sociology
12. It always describes human, human behavior and human societies around the
world.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Politics D. Sociology
13. It attempts to explain how the social world operates.
A. Anthropological theory C. Political theory
B. Cultural theory D. Sociological theory
14. It defines how people relate to nature and their physical environment.
A. Anthropology B. Culture C. Political D. Sociology
15. It sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of resources,
power, and inequality.
A. Conflict perspective C. Functionalist perspective
B. Cultural perspective D. Theoretical perspective

12
 Additional Activities
Activity 8. Give me the details.

Directions: Give your personal experiences on the perspectives of anthropology,

sociology, and political science and how they are being used in society. Write
your answers in your activity notebook.

ANTHROPOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE

13
 14
Activity 1
Answer may vary
Post-test Activity 2
1. A Answer may vary
2. B Pre-test Activity 3
3. C 1. A Answer may vary
4. B 2. A Activity 4(Jumbled
5. A 3. D Letters)
6. C 4. B 1. ANTHROPOLOGY
5. A 2. SOCIOLOGY
7. D 3. POLITICAL SCIENCE
8. B 6. D
7. D 4. CULTURE
9. B 5. BELIEFS
10. B 8. C
Activity 5
11. A 9. A Answer may vary
12. A 10. B Activity 6
13. D 11. C Answer may vary
14. B 12. D Activity 7
15. A 13. B Answer may vary
14. B Activity 8
15. B Answer may vary
Answer Key
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=diversity%20images%20of%20culture&tbm=isch&hl=en-
US&tbs=rimg:CTGXcBh5BCJ7YUdiIFX4vHex&sa=X&ved=0CB0QtI8BKABqFwoTCPDcv4e
Oou0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI&biw=1350&bih=663#imgrc=RxhYnwT76zDxTM

https://sosgurus.com/nature-and-goals-of-anthropology-sociology-and-political-science/
Accessed December 2, 2020
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/sociology/culture-and-societies/culture-and-society-
defined Accessed December 2, 2020

https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html Accessed
December 2, 2020

https://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/introtosociology/UnitPages/UnitISocio
lPerspective.html. Accessed November 27, 2020

https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/nature-scope-political-science-464861.Accessed
November 27, 2020

www.google.com/search?ei=hVfFXuuFEuWFr7wPkLmA4&q=nature+%2C+goal+and+persp
ectives+of+anthropology&oq=nature+%2C+goal+and+perspectives+of+anthropology&gs_lc
p=CgZwc3ktYWIQDDoECAAQ. Accessed November 27, 2020

www.quora.com › What-are-the-differences-between-nature-and-culture

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Exit-Slip-Ticket-Lesson-Reflection1800033.
Accessed November 27, 2020.

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/the-future-
we-want-the-role-of-culture/the-two-sides-of-the-coin/. Accessed November 27, 2020

15
 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers bloom
Here the breezes gently Blow,
Here the birds sing Merrily,
The liberty forever Stays,
Here the Badjaos roam the seas
Here the Samals live in peace
Here the Tausogs thrive so free
With the Yakans in unity
Gallant men And Ladies fair
Linger with love and care
Golden beams of sunrise and sunset
Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX
Hardworking people Abound,
Every valleys and Dale
Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos,
Ilongos,
All of them are proud and true
Region IX our Eden Land
Region IX
Our..
Eden...
Land...

The Footprints Prayer Trees by Joyce Kilmer

One night I had a dream. I dreamed I think that I shall never see
that I was walking along the beach A poem lovely as a tree.
with the LORD.
A tree whose hungry mouth is prest
In the beach, there were two (2) sets Against the earth’s sweet flowing
of footprints – one belong to me and breast;
the other to the LORD.
A tree that looks at God all day,
Then, later, after a long walk, I And lifts her leafy arms to pray;
noticed only one set of footprints.
A tree that may in Summer wear
“And I ask the LORD. Why? Why?
A nest of robins in her hair;
Why did you leave me when I am sad
and helpless?”
Upon whose bosom snow has lain;
And the LORD replied “My son, My Who intimately lives with rain.
son, I have never left you. There was
only one (1) set of footprints in the Poems are made by fools like me,
sand, because it was then that I But only God can make a tree.
CARRIED YOU!

16