Python Language

Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming

language. It was created by Guido van Rossum. He started working on
Python in the late 1980s, as a successor to the ABC programming
language. He was inspired by the Exception Handling features of SETL
programming language.

Python Versions:
The first version of Python was released in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.
Python 1.0 was released in 1994 with new features like: lambda, map, filter, and
reduce.

Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000 and introduced new features,
such as list comprehensions and a garbage collection system.
Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008. It was a major revision of the
language and was designed to rectify fundamental flaw of the language. It is not
completely backward-compatible.The current version of Python is 3.10.
 Need of Python
•Python’s popularity & high salary

•Python is used in Data Science

•Scripting & automation

•Python used with Big Data

•Python supports Testing Framework

•Python is used in Computer Graphics

•Python used in Artificial Intelligence

•Python in Web Development

 Features of Python
1. Easy to code and learn:
Python is very easy to code and to understand(read). Hence,It is a
programmer-friendly language.
a. Easy to Code: Python is very easy to code. Compared to other
popular languages like Java and C++, it is easier to code in Python.

b. Easy to Read:Being a high-level language, Python code is quite like

English. Looking at it, you can tell what the code is supposed to do. Also,
since it is dynamically-typed, it mandates indentation. This aids
readability.

2. Free and Open Source:

Python language is freely available at the official website
(www.python.org) and we can download it free of cost. Since it is open-
source, this means that source code is also available to the public. So
you can download it, use it,modify it and share it.
 Features of Python
3.High-Level Language:
Python is a high-level language. When we write programs in python, we do
not need to remember system architecture,nor do we need to manage the
memory.

4. Interpreted Language:
Python is an interpreted language. This means that Python program is
executed one line at a time. This makes debugging in Python easy.

5. Object-Oriented Language:
Python is an Object-Oriented programming language. Python supports
concepts of classes, objects encapsulation, etc.

6. Embeddable:
The code of other programming languages can be used in Python
 Features of Python
7. Portable code:
Python language is a portable language. For example, if we develop Python
program in Windows and if we want to run this program on Linux, Unix, and
Mac then we do not need to change it. We can run this code on any platform.

8. GUI Programming Support:

Graphical User interfaces can also be made using Python.

9. Large Standard Library:

Python has a large standard library which provides a rich set of module and
functions so we do not need to write our own code for every single thing.

10. Dynamically Typed Language:

Python is a dynamically-typed language. It means the data type for a variable
is decided at run time, but not in advance because of this feature.
 Advantages of using Python
1. Python is Easy To Use
Nobody likes excessively complicated things and so the ease of using Python
is one of the main reasons why it is so popular for Machine Learning. It is
simple with an easily readable syntax and that makes it well-loved by both
seasoned developers and experimental students. The simplicity of Python
means that developers can focus on actually solving the Machine Learning
problem rather than spend all their time (and energy!) understanding just the
technical nuances of the language.
In addition to this, Python is also supremely efficient. It allows developers to
complete more work using fewer lines of code. The Python code is also
easily understandable by humans, which makes it ideal for making Machine
Learning models. With all these advantages, what’s not to love?!!
 Advantages of using Python
2. Python has multiple Libraries and Frameworks
Python is already quite popular and consequently, it has hundreds of different
libraries and frameworks that can be used by developers. These libraries and
frameworks are really useful in saving time which in turn makes Python even
more popular (That’s a beneficial cycle!!!).

There are many Python libraries that are specifically useful for Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning. Some of these are given below:
Keras is an open-source library that is particularly focused on
experimentation with deep neural networks.
TensorFlow is a free software library that is used for many machine learning
applications like neural networks. (They seem to be quite popular!)
Scikit-learn is a free software library for Machine Learning that various
classification, regression and clustering algorithms related to this. Also,
Scikit-learn can be used in conjugation with NumPy and SciPy.
 Advantages of using Python
3. Python has Community and Corporate Support
Python has been around since 1990 and that is ample time to create a
supportive community. Because of this support, Python learners can easily
improve their Machine Learning knowledge, which only leads to increasing
popularity. And that’s not all! There are many resources available online to
promote ML in Python, ranging from Machine Learning tutorials to YouTube
tutorials that are a big help for learners.
Also, Corporate support is a very important part of the success of Python
for ML. Many top companies such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, Netflix,
Quora, etc use Python for their products. In fact, Google is single-handedly
responsible for creating many of the Python libraries for Machine Learning
such as Keras, TensorFlow, etc.
 Advantages of using Python
4. Python is Portable and Extensible
This is an important reason why Python is so popular in Machine Learning.
A lot of cross-language operations can be performed easily on Python
because of its portable and extensible nature. There are many data scientists
who prefer using Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for training their ML
models on their own machines and the portable nature of Python is well
suited for this.
Also, many different platforms support Python such as Windows, Macintosh,
Linux, Solaris, etc. In addition to this, Python can also be integrated with
Java, .NET components or C/C++ libraries because of its extensible nature.

A large majority of web applications and platforms rely on Python, including

Google's search engine, YouTube, and the web-oriented transaction system
of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). You know the language must be
pretty serious when it's powering a stock exchange system.
 Application areas of Python

Python is known for its general-purpose nature that makes it applicable in

almost every domain of software development.

1) Web Applications
We can use Python to develop web applications. It provides libraries to
handle internet protocols such as HTML and XML, JSON, Email processing
etc. Python’s web-framework named Django is used on Instagram. Python
provides many useful frameworks, and some of these are given below:
●
Django and Pyramid framework(Used for heavy applications)
●
Flask and Bottle (Micro-framework)
●
Plone and Django CMS (Advance Content management)
 Application areas of Python
2) Scientific and Numeric Applications
The most common application of Python programming is building scientific
and numeric applications. Libraries like SciPy, Pandas, and NumPy are
designed to build scientific and numeric applications using Python. It is no
wonder that companies working on data science and machine learning field
hire Python developers in good numbers.

3) Business Applications
Business Applications differ from standard applications. E-commerce and
ERP are an example of a business application. This kind of application
requires extensively, scalability and readability, and Python provides all
these features.
Python provides a Tryton platform which is used to develop the business
application.
 Application areas of Python
4) Desktop applications
The binary distribution of Python is shipped with Tk, which is its standard
GUI library. We can create user interfaces for various applications using Tk.
There are various other toolkits available for building GUI as well. We can
use platform specific toolkits like GTK+, Microsoft Foundation Classes
through win32 extensions, and Delphi.

5) Games and 3D graphics

This is the most interesting implementation of Python programming. Among
all the popular frameworks, PyGame and PyKyra are two most popular
frameworks for game development. Apart from this, We can rely on various
3D rendering libraries. Game developers can follow the semi-annual game
programming contest, PyWeek to learn more about how Python is used for
game development.
 Application areas of Python
6) Network Programming
Python is extensively used in Network Programming. At low level, there is
basic socket support. The language allows users to implement clients and
servers for both connection-oriented and connectionless protocols. The
language supports libraries that provide higher level access to specific
application level network protocols.