CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 6 09/04/2009

School of Civil Engineering Three Reservoirs Problem

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Fluid Flow in Pipes: Lecture 6 D

2
zB
zA
C
zD
zC
3
Dr Andrew Sleigh
Dr Ian Goodwill
• We know
1. Continuity obeyed at junction
CIVE2400: Fluid Mechanics 2. Only one value of head at junction
3. Darcy’s equation used for each pipe.
www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/FluidsLevel2
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

Three Reservoirs Problem Three Reservoirs Problem

A A

B B
hD zB hf 2
1 1
D 2 z A hD hf 1 D 2
zB zB
zA zA hD zC hf 3
C zD C
zD
zC zC
3 3

• We know Ignore local losses • Assume flow direction shown (not always obvious)
1. Continuity obeyed at junction Make solution too complex • Head at D = HD
4 Equations
2. Only one value of head at junction • Continuity
3. Darcy’s equation used for each pipe.
Q1 Q2 Q3 4 Unknowns: hD, Q1, Q2, Q3

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

Solution strategy Change Flow Direction

A good estimate z A hD hf 1 A
1. Estimate hD would be zD
hD zB hf 2 hzDB zhBD hhf 2f 2 B
2. Substitute hD into other equations:
1
gives a value for Q for each pipe. hD zC hf 3 z A hD hf 1 D 2
zB
zA hD zC hf 3
3. Is continuity is (or is not) satisfied? Q1 Q2 Q3 zD C

zC
4. If the Q1 into the junction is too fLQ 2 Q1 Q2 Q3 3
hf
high choose a larger hD else 3d 5
choose lower hD • Assume different flow direction B to D

5. Return to step 2 A
B • Always write equation in direction of flow
1D 2
z z
z C B
A 3 z
Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6 D
C Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

1
CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 6 09/04/2009

Three Reservoirs Example Three Reservoirs Example Iteration

• Assuming flow direction shown z A hD hf 1
• Pipe 1: d1=0.12m, L1=120m hD Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1=Q2+Q3 err
hD zB hf 2
• Pipe 2: d2=0.075m, L2=60m 24 0 0.01378 0.01183 0.02561 0.02561
• Pipe 3: d3=0.06m, L3=40m hD zC hf 3 20 0.01577 0.01193 0.0108 0.02273 0.00696
• All pipes have f = 0.01 17 0.02087 0.01033 0.00996 0.02029 -0.00058
17.1 0.02072 0.01039 0.00999 0.02038 -0.00034

24 hD
f1 L1Q1
2
16075 Q12
Q1 Q2 Q3 17.2 0.02057 0.01045 0.01002 0.02046 -0.0001
3d15 17.3 0.02042 0.0105 0.01004 0.02055 0.00013
A 17.25 0.02049 0.01048 0.01003 0.02051 0.00001
f 2 L2Q22 B 17.24 0.02051 0.01047 0.01003 0.0205 -0.00001
hD 8 84280 Q22
3d 25 1

D 2 24 hD 16075 Q12 hD 8 84280 Q22 hD 0 171468 Q32

f 3 L3Q32 2 zA zD C
zB
hD 0 171468 Q
3d 35
3
Q1 Q2 Q3
3

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

fLQ 2 fLQ 2
Add Pipe Length to Increase Flow hf
3d 5 Add Pipe Length to Increase Flow hf
3d 5

1. What is the initial flow between reservoirs? 2. Add an extra length of pipe to increase flow by 30%.
How long is that pipe?
0.08 1000Q 2
10
3 0.25
Head at join has one value. hf 2 hf 3
Q 0.035 m3 / s
Can write two Bernoulli equations: 10 h f 1 h f 2
2. Add an extra length of pipe to increase flow by
A
30%. How long is that pipe? (use f=0.008) 10 h f 1 h f 3
A
zA-zB=10m
L2= unknown 10m
L2= unknown hf1 d2=0.2m
B f2=0.008
zA d2=0.2m B
f2=0.008 hf2
L1= 1000m
d1=0.2m zB
f1=0.008
hf3

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

fLQ 2 fLQ 2
Add Pipe Length to Increase Flow hf
3d 5 Add Pipe Length to Increase Flow hf
3d 5

2
f 2 L2Q2
2
f 3 L3Q3
2
Q2 Q3 f1 L1Q12 f 2 1000 L1 Q1 / 2
5 5 10
3d 2 3d 3 3d15 3d 25
In this example, d2=d3, f2=f3 and we know L2=L3 As, d2=d3, f2=f3
Q2 Q3 f1Q12 1000 L1 1000 L1
From continuity: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1 10 L1 K L1
2 2 3d15 4 4
2
f1 L1Q12 f 2 L2Q22 f1 L1Q12 f 2 1000 L1 Q1 / 2
10 h f 1 h f 2 10 L1 40 1000K 3K 455m
3d15 3d 25 3d15 3d 25
A A
L2 = 1000 – L1 L2 = 1000 – L1
L2= unknown 10m L2= unknown 10m

hf1 d2=0.2m hf1 d2=0.2m

f2=0.008 f2=0.008
B B
hf2 hf2

L2 1000 455 545m

hf3 hf3

Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics: Pipe Flow – Lecture 6

2
CIVE2400: Pipeflow - Lecture 6 09/04/2009

Today’s lecture:

• Example of Pipeline Analysis

• Three reservoirs

• Adding Pipes To increase Flow

13