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Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification

of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres

Part 3: Measurementof environmental parametersaffecting indoor corrosivity

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN ISO 11844-3:2020. It is identical to [SO 11844-3:2020. It supersedes
BS EN [SO 11844-3:2008, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

Committee ISE/NFE/8, Corrosion of metals and alloys.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

© The British Standards Institution 2020

Published by BSI Standards Limited 2020

ISBN 978 0 580 97633 9

ICS 77.060

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority ofthe

Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2020.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 11844-3

NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM January 2020

Ics 77.060 Supersedes EN ISO 11844-3:2008

English Version

Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of

low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres — Part 3:
Measurementof environmental parametersaffecting
indoorcorrosivity (ISO 11844-3:2020)
Corrosion des métaux et alliages — Classification
de la corrosivité faible des atmosphéres
d'intérieur — Partie 3: Mesurage des paramétres
environnementaux affectant la corrosivité des
atmospheres d'intérieur (ISO 116844-3:2020)
Korrosion von Metallen und Legierungen —
Einteilung der Korrosivitat in Raumen mit
geringer Korrosivitat — Teil 3: Messung der
Umgebungsparameter, die Korrosivitat in
Raumen beeinflussen (ISO 11844-3:2020)

This EuropeanStandard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any otherlanguage
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN memberinto its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status asthe official versions,

CEN membersare the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania,Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

i
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No, EN [80 11844-3:2020: E
worldwide for CEN national Members

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
EN ISO 11844-3:2020 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN ISO 11844-3:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156
"Corrosion of metals and alloys" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and
other inorganic coatings, including for corrosion protection and corrosion testing of metals and alloys”
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at thelatest by July 2020.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights,

This document supersedes EN ISO 11844-3:2008.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic
of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of 11844-3:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11844-3:2020 without any
modification.

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ISO 11844-3:2020

Contents Page

PreWO ooo eos ceoosscsssssesssessevssssonsssnentnnstsnnceusnsotnnnesesnsenossssnesunsntsuneeinsetnssoousstiasiassinsesnnassiuntssnesiseatiaesoteesissntsssiineniasesneetseeseicneesneeses LW

PtrOGCth. coos coossssecssssssssseotsessssinstnnssvnsnssneetnnesenuneinetsastnsinsetnenanaunenseesuasassueesuneesauaeeieesnunasannatueessiuateeetsunsseneetsessesiaseneeennsene
SCOPOG oocccccoossssossssnsesssnntsnecsssinnsoncesnnsnesnnntnnnnsannntnntenainingsenanssonaeeineesensaneatnasuaninasineosnianineetnaesannaeonetesiasoneebnnnansouatnneesaineoneenee
WN

_
Normative referenceso.oo cccsesssssssnssssnessesssssnsstsnsssesnssssunsninnnsnnntsensesseisnestsestsesiissesnesianassunteuneetnnstinestieseesseeesee

—
Terms and definitions......

_
Principle
ft

RR
Environmental parameters...
nu

Humidity and temperature parameters...

a

NNNN
6.1 Relative humidity...
6.2 Temperature.........
6.3 Temperature-humidity complex...
Airborne gas contaminants...

DW AKAA Usewuwwuwwwwwwnyn
7A Principle
7.2 Placing of measuring equipment...
7.21 General... sooner
722 Continuous.gas- measuring instruments.
7.2.3 Active sampler...
7.24 Passive samplet.......
7.2.5 Gas-deposition equipment
7.3 Measuring methods and duration.....
7.3.1 Continuous measurement...
7.3.2 Measurementand calculation with the active sampler...
7.3.3 Measurement and calculation with the passive sampler... sosenvenn
7.3.4 Measurement and calculation of deposition rate of gas pollution...
Airborneparticle contaminants...
8.1 PHiMCiple nossa
8.2 Volumetric measurements...
8.3 Measurementof particle deposits
9 Dry deposition velocity and measurements Of abr MOW ooccccsssssssesnssnuunnnnnnniunennunsenunsieene
Annex A (informative) Reagents used for both passive and active samplers.....0.0.0.00.00..0000cccssnsnnnn
BibLIOGTAPHY o.ooccccoccssossssecsssnnrsnmnsnnsssnnatinonanneenannennnnnnunesnianinniannesinnetneannensanatinnnasieenanaennanstneecnaneansoneeianneennianneevanarnnn
_
=

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
ISO 11844-3:2020

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work,
1SO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this documentis information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see wwwaiso.
org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee 1SO0/TC 156, Corrosion ofmetals and alloys.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11844-3:2006), which has been
technically revised. The main changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:

— the normative references have been updated;

— areference to 16000 in Clause has been added;

— the detection limits in 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 have been updated;

— anew Clause has been added.

A list of all parts in the ISO 11844 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this documentshould be directed to the user's national standards body. A
completelisting of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
ISO 11844-3:2020

Introduction
This document deals with environmental parameters for the characterization of indoor atmospheres
and methods of measurement.
The environmental parameters for the characterization of indoor atmospheres include more airborne
contaminants than are normally used for the characterization of the outdoor environment.

Measurement of environmental parameters is a way of characterizing the corrosivity of the indoor

atmosphere and will always be required if it is necessary to consider measures for reducing the
corrosivity.

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11844-3:2020

Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of low

corrosivity of indoor atmospheres —
Part 3:
Measurementof environmental parametersaffecting
indoorcorrosivity

1 Scope
This document specifies methods for measuring the environmental parameters used to classify the
corrosivity of indoor atmospheres on metals and alloys.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.

ISO 7708, Air quality — Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling

EN 12341, Ambient air — Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PMjg or
PM>5 mass concentration ofsuspended particulate matter

3 Terms and definitions

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— 1S0 Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

— EC Electropedia: available at http;//www.electropedia.org/

4 Principle
Different combinations of parameters affect the corrosivity of indoor atmospheres. Knowledge about
possible sources of environmental effects shall be obtained before decisions regarding the type
of measurements needed are taken. The characterization of indoor atmospheric corrosivity using
environmental parameters is more complicated than measuring the corrosivity with metal specimens.
However, in many cases, the measurement of environmental parameters can give a good indication of
how to establish the corrosivity of an environment and will, in combination with the informationgiven
in [SO 11844-1, give a good indication of the corrosivity categories for the materials in the selected
environment.

5 Environmental parameters
In indoor atmospheres, corrosion processes are characterized by a more complex group of parameters
than in outdoor atmospheres. In general, three groups of parameters should be measured:

a) humidity and temperature;

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ISO 11844-3:2020

— average gas concentration with an active sampler and air pump;

— average gas concentration with a passive sampler;

— average gas-deposition equipment.

The results from concentration measurements are typically given in pg/m? and for deposition
measurements as mg/m4d. The results obtained from the two types of measurements can be difficult
to compare but give complementary information, see Clause9. Reagents used for both passive and
active samplers are given in AnnexA.

7.2 Placing of measuring equipment

7.2.1 General

The corrosivity of the indoor atmosphere can vary dramatically from one point to another in a room.
Cooler areas can have moisture condensation with a high corrosion effect. Corners often have higher
contaminant concentrations and lower air circulation than the rest of the room.If the problem is located
in a specific area, measurements shall be performed in that location. If the problem is more general,
then measurements should be made in a central open area in the room.

7.2.2 Continuous gas-measuring instruments

The instrument shall be placed so it is protected from unauthorised people. Polyethylene or

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing can be used to collect the air sample from the selected area of
the room. The length of the tubing should not exceed 2 m.

7.2.3. Active sampler

The active sampler shall be placed according to the same rules as the continuous gas-
measuring instrument.

7.24 Passive sampler

The passive sampler shall be placed in a part of the room wherethere is free movementof air. The
sampling device shall be placed with the open end facing downward.

7.2.5 Gas-deposition equipment

The equipmentshall be placed in a part of the room wherethere is free movementof air. The equipment
shall be sheltered from settling particles that can interfere with the analyses of the gases.

7.3. Measuring methods and duration

7.3.1 Continuous measurement

The measurements should be carried out for one year to record the seasonal variation of the gas
pollutants. The data from continuous measuring instruments shall be reported as monthly average
values, together with the maximum and minimum values of the month.

Standard instruments have detection limits in the 10-9 (volume fractions) range. Specially designed
instruments may have detection limits of one-tenth of these values.

7.3.2 Measurement and calculation with the active sampler

The methods are based on pumping air through an absorption unit with a reactive surface or liquid,
with subsequent laboratory analysis of the amount absorbed. The result will be given as an average

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ISO 11844-3:2020

concentration for the sampling period. The sampling time shall be one week or longer. The sampling
period is preferably one year, or at least one month for each season of the year.

With active samplers, the volume of air passed through the absorption unit (V) is known. The average
concentration (C) is then given by Formula (1):
=(5

c=
(1)

where

Cc is the average concentration, in pg/m-3;

m is the gas absorbed, in wg;
V is the volume of air passed through the absorption unit, in m3.

The data shall be collected weekly, reported as average weekly values and converted to average monthly
values for four weeks. The maximum and minimum values for the period shall also be reported.

NOTE The detection limits for air concentrations depend on the sensitivity of the analysing instruments
and the duration of the sampling. Standard instruments result in detection limits of 0,1 g/m for weekly
mean values.

7.3.3 Measurement and calculation with the passive sampler

Mean gas concentrations can be calculated using passive sampling devices. The principle used for
passive sampling is shown in Figure1.

Key
1 absorbent
tube
permeable screen for gases
C,_ is the ambient concentration of gas
Co is the concentration of gas at the absorbent, equal to zero

Figure 1 — Principle of construction of a passive-sampling device

The basic idea for the use of passive samplersis that Fick’s first law for gas diffusion applies inside the
tube. Fick’s first law is valid if the air inside the tube is stagnant and the absorbent in the upper end of
the tube will completely absorb the gas that reaches the surface. See Formula (2):

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dc
1
= 5.L: =".
dz (2)

where

Fy is the flux of gas, in pg/'m2s;

Dy is the diffusion coefficientfor gas, in m2/'s;
dC/dz is the concentration gradient that is negative to the flow direction, in pg/m*.

When DP; is known and the absorbed amount (Q) of gas pollutant is measured, Fick’s law can be
transformed to Formula(3):

C, spWEE (3)
D, At

where

Q is the total amount of gas absorbed,in pg;

Cy is the concentration of gas in air, in pg/m3;
A is the area of absorbent, in m2;
t is the exposuretime,ins;
Dy is the diffusion coefficient for gas, in m2/s;
z is the length ofdiffusion,in m.
D, for gasesin air is temperature dependent. However, the adjustmentis minor in normal climates. The
expected changeis 0,2 %/*C.

In practice, all different commercial types of passive samplers marketed will have small adjustments to
the simple formula presented. The detection limits for air concentrations depend on the diffusion rate
of the gas, the sensitivity of the analysing instruments and the duration of sampling. Normal sensitivity
for weekly mean values may be 0,1 pg/m?.

7.3.4 Measurement and calculation of deposition rate of gas pollution

The deposition takes place on an absorbing surface similar to the surfaces used for passive sampling
devices. The gas will react when it reaches the surface. Since the absorption system is open, the speed
of deposition will depend on the movement of the air.

The results shall be expressed as the gas deposition rate (R), as shown by Formula(4):

R=— (4)

where

R is the deposition rate, in mg/m2d;

m is the total massof gas on thetest plate, in mg;
A is the area ofthe test plate, in m2;
E is the exposure time,in d.

The sensitivity depends on the analysing instrument and the duration of sampling.

Acomplete description for SO2 measurement is given in 9225.

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ISO 11844-3:2020

8 Airborne particle contaminants

8.1 Principle

Particles can affect the corrosion processes in different ways. Water-soluble particles, such as sea-salt
aerosols depositing on surfaces, will react with most metals if sufficient humidity is present. Soot will
adsorb gases such as SO2 and act as a sourcefor acidic reaction on metals.Solid particles can form dust
layers on parts of a surface and create deposit corrosion on metals.

The particles may either be measured as a concentration, in pg/m4, or as a deposit on the surface, in
mg/méd. Dust particles are normally defined as the size fraction from 1 um to 100 um. Different types
of instruments exist for measuring the concentration of particles. However, the instruments in use have
a cut-off value for the size of particles that is much lower than 100 pm. This is related to acceptable
limits for health effects. Many of the instruments are able to separate the different particles into
size fractions.

8.2 Volumetric measurements

The most importantlimits for the classes of particles are as the follows.

— PMjo: Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 um. These particles are
respirable. The largest particles will stick in the nasal and mouth passage while the smaller fraction
will go deeper. The smaller faction PM2,5 will reach the lung.

— PMa,s5: PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2,5 pm.

— Total suspended particles (TSP) gives values without a special cut-off diameter. In indoor
atmospheres, the result will often be comparable with PM, results.

NOTE1 Acceptable limits for particles in ambient air are normally given only for health considerations, The
EC limit for the acceptable PMj9 concentration for people is 50 pg/m3 as a 24 h average. In the USA, the ambient
air quality standard given for PM2,5 is 65 wg/m3.

Particles can be collected with a sampler suitable for recording PMjq particles. The samples used shall
be qualified for PMjg measurements in accordance with 12341 when PMjg has a specification in
accordance with ISO 7708,

The sampler shall have a PMjg sampling inlet directly coupled with a filter substrate and regulated
flow device to keep a steady airflow during the sampling period. The sampling shall be followed by a
gravimetric determination of the PMj9 mass collected. The result shall be reported as a concentration,
in pg/m4, by dividing the filter mass loading by the total flow during the sampling time.

NOTE2 Asampler suitable for PM25 sampling can be used in accordance with EPA-454,/R-98-012.

The normal recommended duration for sampling is 24 h but, in indoor applications, sampling times of
up to one week may be used. The total sampling period is preferably one year, or one month for each
season of the year.

For corrosion effects, itis important to measure the water-soluble part of the amountof particles. After
the total amount of particles in the samples is measured, the sample is washed with deionized water
and the water is analysed for Cl-, SO42- and NO3-. The results are given, in pg/m4.

8.3 Measurementof particle deposits

The deposition rate for water-soluble particles on a surface can be measured by exposing a defined
clean surface area for a selected time period, normally between one week and one month. The surface
shall be washed with a known amount of deionized water. The water shall be collected and analysed
for the most important ions. The deposition rate for an ion (mg/m2d) can be calculated by dividing the

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total amountof the ion collected with the area and time exposed. Indoor sampling equipment can be
fairly simple.

NOTE If an evaluation of corrosion risk on existing surfaces is needed, collection of water salts can be
carried out in accordance with 8502-6.

9 Dry deposition velocity and measurements ofair flow

The relation between deposition and concentration measurements for gases (see Clause 7) and particles
(see Clause8) is denoted the dry deposition velocity, as shown by Formula(5):

Wane (5)
where

Vd is the dry deposition velocity, in m/s;

F is the flux of gas (amountof net transported gas per time and area), in pg/'m2s;
C is the concentration ofgas in air, in pg/m3.

The dry deposition velocity is a very useful parameter when assessing the transport and deposition
of gaseous and particulate contaminants. It is an important parameter when assessing the mass
transport limitations in indoor environments and the corresponding corrosion ratesl4l. It is therefore
recommended to measure both the concentration and deposition of contaminants,or, if only one of
these is measured, make an estimation of the dry deposition velocity based on air flow measurements
or air flow data, i.e. ventilation rates.

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ISO 11844-3:2020

Annex A
(informative)

Reagentsusedfor both passive and active samplers

Al Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

The most common absorbents for 502 are KOH or Na2CQ3. To keep the surface moist, glycerol is often
added to the absorbent. KOH is not recommended in areas with high relative humidity, due to its ability
to absorb water and CO9.

lon chromatographyis the most frequently recommended analytical method for SO2.

Diffusion coefficient for SOz at 25 °C = 1,32 x 10-5 m2/s.

A.2 Nitrogen dioxide (NOQ2)

The most commonly used method for absorption consists of using triethanolamine (TEA), using either
ion chromatography or spectrophotometry for analysis of NO2 as nitrite. For a long exposure time and
high temperature Nal + NaCOs, KI + arsenite or Nal + NaOH seem to be better. Spectrophotometric
analysis of nitrite is the most common analysing method.

Diffusion coefficient for NOz at 25 °C = 1,54 « 10-5 m2/s.

A3 Dihydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Sulfides are absorbed on a surface with silver nitrate. The amountof sulfur absorbed can be analysed
by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

Diffusion coefficient for H2S at 25 °C = 1,81 x 10-5 m2/s.

AA Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia will be absorbed on organic acids such as oxalic, citric or tartaric acid. NH3 is analysed by
photospectroscopy.
Diffusion coefficient for NH3 at 25 °C = 2,54 x 10-5 m2/s,

AS Ozone (03)
Passive samplers for ozone were introduced in the 1990s. Both NaNQz + K2CO3 + glycerol and KI
buffered to pH 9, have been used. Spectrophotometry is normally used for the analysis.

Diffusion coefficient for O3 at 25 °C = 1,62 x 10-5 m2/s.

A.6 Formic acid

The passive sampler for formic acid has been introduced. K2CQ3 dissolved in water has been
recommended as an absorbentfor formic acid. lon chromatography with analysing of formate has been
used for the final analysis.

Diffusion coefficient for formic acid at 25 °C = 1,2 x 10-5 m2/s,

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
ISO 11844-3:2020

A.7 Acetic acid

The passive sampler for acetic acid has been introduced. K2CO3 dissolved in water has been
recommended as an absorbentfor acetic acid. lon chromatography with analysis of acetate has been
used for the final analysis.

Diffusion coefficient for acetic acid at 25 °C = 1,1 x 10-5 m2/s.

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BS EN ISO 11844-3:2020
ISO 11844-3:2020

Bibliography

(1) 8502-6, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for
analysis — The Bresle method

[2] ISO_9225, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of

environmental parameters affecting corrosivity of atmospheres

[3] ISO_11844-1, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of low corrosivity of indoor
atmospheres — Part 1: Determination and estimation of indoor corrosivity

[4] ISO 16000 (all parts), — Indoor air

[5] EPA-454/R-98-012, Guidance for using continuous monitors in PM2,5 monitoring networks. USA
Environmental Protection Agency Guidance

6] VoLPE L., PETERSON P. Mass-transport limitations in atmospheric corrosion. In: SINCLAIR J.D.
(ed.). Proc. Ist International Symposium on Corrosion of Electronic Materials and Devices. The
Electrochemical Society, Pennington. 1991, pp. 22-39

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