Fe D_ Aumenrd Combinatorics Final Exam (1/4) I Each of the 3 boys tosses a dic once. Find the mumber of ways for them to get a total of 4 Solution “let ay be “the mumbor of ways fo get a trial or. Since the ortomes 4 thoing a die Fe 1,23, 41 5 and Gy the’ peeoind funchon for Ar is (xb att AND (xt b oxi) (td tx) =(xtxtt 4 X)3 ex8( It xt x5)? -x(ee)* : —7 By formula 3 2) 2 (1-aK"4 SKN 2 (Tr )x a 1 By Formula 6 Since the required answer ts Qi, wich is the coegicient oF a Th % Ow = es) )-3( 54?) o (8)-s @) . 2. For each r€ IN", find ary the number of ways of distributing 1 distinct objects Into 4 distinct boxes such that boxes | and must hold even number of objects and bux 3 hold an odd number of obects . Solution: The sponential qmnaating gincton pr (ar) is (4 Stee ogee) ae ee) ee | = (14 St 4 Yo Le ‘ =( cts)? (3) 7 By Frrinula 8 (om eee Gece) ai 8 ry Zor 3 Cm) + a eierae "]+ fom peal: (_ ae Thus, i ar= 5 (47 42°-C0") per each rE Ny2/4 3. Solve the recurrence relation an- baa-1 + Gar-2 = 5° given that ao=O ond a= using method of qcneating function Solution Let AG) be the generating functon for the sequence (an) Then AG = do 4 aix + a1x? + asx? + a4x4t =5y Alx) = 5dox ~ Baix” ~Saex? - Sasx* - x A) > -Gdox"- Garx3 - Gaax" = . and 50, i AQU-Sxt Gx?) = x + 2, Cai- Sai- + Goi-2) x! =xt Zz EM kt To« = Bt tn 5" 15K 1-5 Thus, my a pen Ks . oD, i AQ Cepn-mNERD Tet Rt Pa = Equation | 2Ox"tx = B(I-2I1-3x) + C (1-SxIC1-3X) + D(1-5xI(I-2x) ~Yquation 2 Letting x-0 in equation 2 gives BC+ D=0 Srachion letting x= jn equation 2 gives gre re(r B-2)= CRCe (oS 2 IcHing x*3 in equation 2 gues Be $+ (1-3-8) = 1CSKA)* -F vB Thus, by Equation 3, ne have =-0-9 = & Bete) -¢ hence, nos Eis) + Bad - Be = pe aeay. = BF (ay) BZ als B Zen! BE oo! cand 30 the required sOlution is yn BBs = % s+ Bip - Bs”,ait an + 2an-) + 4br =O 4) Sobre the system of recumence relations { bn 40s ~Gbecr =D =? Hay gien thot ao=1 ond to = 0 using method og generaling punchon Solution Let AGO be the generating function for (as) and Btx) the generating function for (bn) Then AW = 1 + Gx t dex’ t dx? t- Bix) bix + bax? + bax*t- ZAG) = Ix + Dax? + Qarx?t... 4x BOO = Abix? t thex?+ and so (it BAG + AKBOD = 1+ Cat 2) x4 (a2 + 20,4 4b))x7+ (a5 + Loe + the)? iy by the cirst recurrence relation of. (I) Also , ~4xA(Q)= ~ 4x ~40,x" = 4aax® - 4asxt - ~bx BOX) = ~Gbix* - Gbax® - Gbsx4 -. and so BUX)~ 4x AG = GRBLGA = (bi-A)x + (be - Ady ~ Gbi)x” + (ba~ tae Gba) P+ (1-6x) B(x) -4xAQ) = 6, by the scoond recurrence relation of C1). + Thus, we have Cra AQ) t 4xBQd =I Leimiot AS BK) =0 Solving the system a for Alx) and x) gies de & A(x) = a Tay BW) = (2p ae (Q Now, a Aad = (1-Gx) 2 (rt))(2s)" and Blo = x3 z CrHC2n) Hence, by a, the coctficients of x" in Ax) and BG) recpoctively / we obtain the desied solutions | Gn =(n42"- Gn2"! = 2"(\-2) bn = 4n:20"' = 97") ‘and for all n=l. om )Ait | Solution: The characteristic equation of the given Tocurrence telation is K* +x? -3x?-5k -2 20 with characterishc roots Qi=| and Qz=2 Cruttipticity 3) Thus; by resuit Il Crefer in box in the gn!) the general solution is gwen by On = (A+ Bn + Cn?)(-1)"+ D-2" p &) Find the general solution v4 the recurrence relation Gnt+ Qr-) -San-2 - San-3 - Qan-420 Result Il Qi, Qz,---, AKCIEK Sp) are the dictnct characteristic roots of Codnt CiAn-) +--+ Cran-r 70 Such that ai is of multiplicity mi, i=42).--k, then its general solution is given by Qn= (Au + Aant--. Avan") (qi)” + Chait Aro... Aam,02") ( qa)” Fe. + (Akt Aken t.. aati Nae where the Ais ae constants