निजामती सेवा ऐन २०४९

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(
nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt

@)%).@.$
!= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# @)%#.!!.!%
@= lghfdtL ;]jf -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%% @)%%.#.@(
#= s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%& @)%&.$.@^
$= ;+;b ;lrjfno ;DaGwL P]g, @)%* @)%*.*.@*
%= 1lghfdtL ;]jf -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^$ @)^$.$.@#
^= u0ftGq ;'b[0fLs/0f tyf s]lx g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^2 @)^^.!).)&
^= 3lghfdtL ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&) @)&).!@.!@
&= lghfdtL ;]jf -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&@ @)&@.)#.@(
@)%) ;fnsf] P]g g=@

4
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] u7g, ;~rfng / ;]jfsf zt{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgfM lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, ;'b[9, ;]jfd"ns / pQ/bfoL agfpg lghfdtL ;]jfsf] u7g, ;~rfng
/ ;]jfsf] zt{;DaGwL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jsf] zf;gsfnsf] afO;f}+ jif{df ;+;b\n] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b– !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd ælghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–
-s_ ælghfdtL ;]jfÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd ul7t lghfdtL ;]jf ;Demg'k5{ .
-v_ ælghfdtL sd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm ;Demg'k5{ .
-u_ æclVtof/jfnfÆ eGgfn] bkmf ( adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
1 of] P]g ;Djt @)^$ ;fn >fj0f ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .

2 of] P]g ;Djt @)^$ ;fn >fj0f ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .
3 of] P]gsf] bkmf !) ;Djt\ @)&) ;fn r}q @( ut]b]lv k|f/Dd x'g]5 / cGo bkmfx? ;Djt @)^( ;fn r}q @(
ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
4 u0ftGq ;'b[0fLs/0f tyf s]lx g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .
1
5æ-u!_æ:yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltÆ eGgfn] lab]zL d'n'sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL ;f] d'n'sdf :yfoL
?kn] a;f]jf; ug{ kfpg] u/L g]kfnL gful/snfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 8fOe/l;l6 Oldu|]G6 le;f, -
l8=eL_, k/dfg]G6 /]lh8]G6 le;f -lk=cf/_ jf u|Lg sf8{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{
lab]zdf :yfoL ?kdf a;f]jf; ug{ lbOPsf] h'g;'s} gfdsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltnfO{ ;d]t
hgfp5 .Æ
-3_ ækl/jf/Æ eGgfn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lk a:g] tyf lgh cfkm}n] kfng kf]if0f ug'{kg]{ klt, kTgL, 5f]/f,
cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf jf ;f}t]gL cfdf ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
k'?if / cljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf]6 xsdf lghsf] afh], aHo} tyf ljjflxtf7 dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf lghsf] ;f;", ;;'/fnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-ª_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
-r_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v sd{rf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
-5_ æ:yfoL kbÆ eGgfn] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] / Dofb gtf]lsPsf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb ;Demg'k5{ .
-h_ æljz]if1 kbÆ eGgfn] ljz]if k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj ePsf] / ljz]if of]Uotf rflxg]
kb ;Demg'k5{ .
8-h!_ælghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogÆ eGgfn] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t ul7t lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgog ;Demg'k5{ .
9-h@_ælghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogÆ eGgfn] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ul7t
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog ;Demg'k5{ .
-em_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf
tf]lsPadf]lhd ;Demg'k5{ .
5 rf}yf} ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
6 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
7 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
9 P]hgåf/f yk .
2
kl/R5]b– @
lghfdtL ;]jfx¿sf] u7g
10@s=sd{rf/L k|zf;g;DaGwL s]Gb|Lo lgsfoM -!_ b]zsf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] u7g,
;~rfng / ;]jf zt{x¿ tyf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngsf ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{5 .
-@_ of] P]g jf o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf pNn]v ePb]lv afx]s lghfdtL sd{rf/L
k|zf;g;DaGwL sfd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] gLltut :jLs[lt lagf ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
#= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] u7gM g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfoadf]lhdsf lghfdtL ;]jfx¿sf] u7g ug]{5 M–
11-s_ g]kfn cfly{s of]hgf tyf tYof+s ;]jf
-v_ g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª ;]jf
-u_g]kfn s[lif ;]jf
-3_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jf
12-3!_ g]kfn k//fi6« ;]jf
-ª_ g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jf
13-ª!_ g]kfn n]vfk/LIf0f ;]jf
-r_ g]kfn jg ;]jf
-5_ g]kfn ljljw ;]jf
-h_ g]kfn lzIff ;]jf
-em_ 14==========
-`_ 15============
16$=>]0fLM lghfdtL ;]jfdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf >]0fLx¿ /xg]5g\M–

/fhkqf+lst /fhkq cg+lst
ljlzi6 k|yd
k|yd låtLo
låtLo t[tLo
10 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
11 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
14 ;+;b ;lrjfno ;DaGwL P]g, @)%* åf/f lemlsPsf] .
15 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
3
t[tLo rt'y{
kfFrf}+
-@_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt >]0fLljxLg kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿n] >]0fLdf cfa4
x'g rfx]df To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd /fhkq cg+lst kfFrf}+ >]0fLdf sfod ul/g]5 .
17$s= PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf k|0ffnL;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M bkmf $ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] ldltb]lv lghfdtL ;]jfsf] >]0fLut
Joj:yfnfO{ txut k|0ffnLdf ¿kfGt/0f u/L PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{5 .
%= ;]jfsf kbx¿ -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf ljleGg >]0fLx¿df ljz]if1 kbnufot ljleGg txsf k|fljlws tyf
k|zf;lgs kbx¿ /xg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s lghfdtL ;]jfdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf >]0fLljxLg
kbx¿ klg /xg ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ 18=================
19%s= sfo{ ljj/0f M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] ;+u7gsf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt
;lrj, ljefuLo k|d'v tyf sfof{no k|d'vn] k|To]s lghfdtL kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f agfO{ nfu" ug'{kg]{5 .
To:tf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf To:tf] kbsf] sfd, st{Jo, pQ/bfloTj, clwsf/ / of]Uotf;d]t :ki6 ¿kdf
lsl6Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ s'g} klg kbdf kb:yfkg ubf{ lbOg] kq;Fu} lghsf] sfo{
ljj/0f / sfo{ ljj/0fcg';f/sf] sfdsf] d"Nof°g ug]{ ;"rsf°;d]t pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-#_ sfo{ ljj/0f;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
20æ^= ;]jf ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf bkmf # adf]lhdsf ;]jfx? /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkqf+lst lalzi6 >]0fL ;Dd g} ;]jf
lalzi6Ls/0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;]jfsf] ;d"xLs/0f-Sni6/_ ul/Psf] 5 M–
-s_ g]kfn OlGhlgol/Í ;]jf,
-v_ g]kfn s[lif tyf jg ;]jf,
-u_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jf,
-3_ g]kfn k//fi6« ;]jf,
-ª_ g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jf,
-r_ g]kfn n]vfk/LIf0f ;]jf .
18 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
20 Rff}yf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .
4
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf ;]jfdf /xg] /fhkqf+lst lalzi6 >]0fLsf kbx? tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
-$_ bkmf # adf]lhd ul7t ;]jfdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf laleGg ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? /xg]
5g\ .
-%_ bkmf # adf]lhd ul7t ;]jfsf ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx?df /xg] laleGg kbx?sf] nflu
rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .Æ
kl/R5]b– #
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{
21^s= b/aGbL l;h{gfM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xg] kbx¿sf] b/aGbL tf]lsPadf]lhd l;h{gf x'g]5 .
22-@_ s'g} gofF ;/sf/L sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;+u7g ;+/rgf tof/ ubf{ / gofF b/aGbL
l;h{gf ubf{ jf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbLdf k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ jf x]/km]/ ubf{
;DalGwt dGqfnon] sfo{qmd, sfo{af]em, sfo{ k|s[lt tyf b/aGbL yk ug'{kg]{ sf/0f / ;f]sf] cf}lrTo /
pknAw dfgj ;|f]t;d]tsf] cfwf/df ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f u/L cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
23-@s_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;f]sf]
d"Nof+sg u/L tL; lbgleq :jLs[ltsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\;dIf k]; ug]{5 .
t/, ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL x]/km]/ ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] x]/km]/ ePsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf /
b/aGbLsf] dfq ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f u/L k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf 24-!_, -@_ / -@s_ ljk/Lt b/aGbL l;h{gf u/L k"lt{ ul/Psf] kb :jtM
vf/]h x'g]5 .
25&= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{M 26æ-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf bkmf !( sf]
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd / b]xfosf] kb b]xfo adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
kb v'Nnf j9'jfåf/f
k|ltof]lutfåf/f sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfGtl/s h]i7tf /
d"NofÍgåf/f k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{;Dkfbg
k/LIffåf/f d"NofÍgåf/f
26 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
5
-s_ >]0fL ljlxg÷ /fhkq !))Ü – – –
cglÍt kfFrf}+
-v_ /fhkq cglÍt – – – –
rt'y{ >]0fL
-u_ /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo – – – –
>]0fL
-3_ /fhkq cglÍt låtLo &)Ü – @)Ü !)Ü
>]0fL
-ª_ /fhkq cglÍt $)Ü @)Ü – $)Ü
k|yd >]0fL
-r_ /fhkqflÍt t[tLo >]0fL &)Ü – – #)Ü
-5_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo !)Ü #%Ü @)Ü #%Ü
>]0fL
-h_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL !)Ü #%Ü @)Ü #%Ü
27æ-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm kb b]xfo
adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
-s_ h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] ;a} jf s]xL kbdf
;+efJo pDd]bjf/ geO{ kb k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf h'g jif{sf] nflu To:tf] kb
5'6\ofOPsf] xf] ;f]xL jif{sf] To:tf] kb sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f ul/g] a9'jfåf/f,
t/ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -r_ df plNnlvt /fhkqflÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf h]i7tf
/ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ geO{ ;a} jf s]xL
kb k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-v_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ;a} jf s]xL kbdf ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/ geO{ kb k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf h'g jif{sf] nflu To:tf] kb 5'6\ofOPsf]
xf] ;f]xL jif{sf] To:tf] kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f .
-u_ Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kb gePsf] ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] kbdf l/Qm ;a} kb v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
28-!v_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kbk"lt{sf] nflu kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lj1fkg
k|sflzt ug]{5 .Æ
27 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
6
-@_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt /fhkq cgl°t rt'y{ >]0fLdf sfo{/t alxbf/ jf ;f]
;/xsf sd{rf/Lx¿ of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltb]lv /fhkq cgl°t t[tLo >]0fLdf :jtM sfod x'g]5g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkq cgl°t
t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L axfn g/x]df To:tf] kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . /fhkq cgl°t
t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf cjlw / a9'jf x'g]
kbsf] >]0fLeGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf] ePdf lghnfO{ Ps
>]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf ul/g]5 . o;/L a9'jf ug{sf] nflu dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] kb :jtM l;h{gf x'g]5 /
lgh dflyNnf] kbdf a9'jf x'g'eGbf cufl8 lgh axfn /x]sf] kb :jtM vf/]h ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L d'Vo sfo{ ug]{ / ;xfos sfo{ ug]{
>]0fLljxLg kb tf]Sg]5 .
-%_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt l/Qm /x]sf / of] bkmf k|f/De ePkl5 l/Qm x'g] pkbkmf -
$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ;xfos sfo{ ug]{ >]0fLljxLg kbx¿ :jtM vf/]h x'g]5g . ;DalGwt sfof{non]
o:tf kbx¿ vf/]h ePsf] hfgsf/L lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg'kg]{5 . To:tf kbx¿af6 ;Dkfbg
ul/g] sfo{ Go"gtd kfl/>lds tf]sL JolQm jf ;+:yf;+u s/f/ u/L ;]jf s/f/af6 ;Dkfbg u/fpg'kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{
kbdf /fhkq cgl°t låtLo >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / Go"gtd ;]jf
cjlw k"/f u/]sf] /fhkq cgl°t t[tLo / >]0fLljxLg kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Laf6 k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ kbk"lt{
ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg
v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdWo] k}+tfnL; k|ltzt kb 5'6\ofO{ ;f] k|ltztnfO{ ztk|ltzt dfgL
b]xfoadf]lhdsf pDd]bjf/aLrdf dfq 5'§f5'§} k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
-s_ dlxnf – t]QL; k|ltzt
-v_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt – ;QfO; k|ltzt
-u_ dw];L – afO; k|ltzt
-3_ blnt – gf} k|ltzt
-ª_ ckf+u – kfFr k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q – rf/ k|ltzt
:ki6Ls/0fM
-!_ o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ælk5l8Psf] If]qÆ eGgfn] c5fd, sflnsf]6,
hfh/sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfª, afh'/f, d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnf ;Demg'k5{ .
7
-@_ o; pkbkmfsf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_, sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
ædlxnf,cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blntÆ eGgfn] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ¿kdf k5fl8
k/]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blntnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -&_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd
lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfdsf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf ckf+ux¿aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{
ug{ kfpg] u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps k|ltzteGbf sd 3tfª\s -km\ofS;g_
cfPdf To:tf] 3tfª\s h'g ;d"xsf] xsdf 3tfª\s cfPsf] xf] ;f]eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] ;d"xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .
-!)_pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf] kbdf h'g jif{sf] nflu lj1fkg ePsf] xf] ;f] jif{ x'g]
lj1fkgdf pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknAw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5
/ To;/L lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknAw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{29 v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] k|ltztåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf k|To]s bz
jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{5 .
-!@_pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltztadf]lhd kb ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} ljjfb cfPdf
nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfo{ jf kbsf
nflu dlxnfn] dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L kb
tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-!$_o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} kbsf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd
of]Uotf k"/f u/L of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ;~rflnt dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf]
:yfoL kbdf sfo{/t sDtLdf kfFr jif{ c:yfoL ;]jf u/]sf dlxnf pDd]bjf/nfO{ dfq of] bkmf k|f/De
ePkl5 Psk6ssf nflu tf]lsPsf] kbdf nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIff lnO{ :yfoL
lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
30æ-!$s_ bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff4f/f a9'jf
ul/g] /fhkqfFlst l4tLo >]0fL;Ddsf] kbdf ;f] kbsf nflu tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw / of]Uotf
k'u]sf o; P]g, Aoj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno ;DjlGw P]g, @)^$ / g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#
adf]lhdsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t ;j} sd{rf/L ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g] 5g\ .Æ
31-!%_.........................

30 Rff}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
31 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
8
-!^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ / -h_
adf]lhd v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ ul/g] /fhkqf+lst låtLo / k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd
of]Uotf ;DalGwt ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf] / s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jf jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd
btf{ ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfsf] clws[t:t/sf] kbdf /fhkqf+lst låtLo >]0fLsf]
kbsf] xsdf kfFr jif{ / /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] xsdf ;ft jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
t/ ljBfjfl/lw:t/sf] pkflw k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf cg'ejsf] cjlw b'O{ jif{n] sd
x'g]5 .
32æ-!^s_ pkbkmf -!^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg lgsfodf cf+lzs
?kdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf x'g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcf+lzs ?kdf sfd u/]sf]Æ eGgfn] k|lt xKtf
rfnL; 306f eGbf sd ;do u/]sf] sfdnfO{ hgfpg]5 .Æ
-!&_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf / ljz]if1 kbx¿sf] k"lt{;DaGwL Joj:yf
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
33&s= kbk"lt{sf] dfu ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kb l/Qm ePdf To;sf] ;"rgf kb l/Qm ePsf]
Ps dlxgfleqdf ;DalGwt lgsfon] nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{ lbO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . ;f] cjlwleq ;"rgf glbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l/Qm eO{ kbk"lt{sf] dfu eO{ cfPsf kbx¿sf] ljj/0f k|To]s
jif{ >fj0f dlxgfleq tf]lsPadf]lhd ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ubf{ ;f] cjlw;Dd l/Qm x'g cfPsf kb / rfn"
cfly{s jif{leqdf cjsfz tyf a9'jfaf6 l/Qm x'g] kb;d]t olsg u/L dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ kbk"lt{sf] dfu ug]{;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
34&v= kbk"lt{df aGb]hM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} klg kbdf o; P]gdf Joj:yf ePb]lv afx]s cGo s'g}
klg tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .
-@_dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u / ljefu tyf pkTosfleq /x]sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghfdtL lstfavfgf / lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 tnaL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/fO{ tna v'jfpg x'b}g .
32 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk
9
35-#_pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt sd{rf/L lgo'lQm u/]df lgo'Qm ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 / pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhd tnaL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/L tna v'jfPsf] ePdf To;/L tna v'jfpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 To:tf]
sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfafktsf] /sd ;/sf/L afsL;/x c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .
t/ kmflhndf k/]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tna v'jfpg of] pkbkmfn] s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ækmflhndf k/]sf sd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] ;+u7g jf
b/aGbL vf/]hLdf k/L cGoqsf] ;+u7g jf b/aGbLdf ldnfg eOg;s]sf sd{rf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
36&u= Hofnfbf/L jf s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ gkfOg]M -!_ of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 s;}n] klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] nflu s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ Hofnfbf/L jf s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/]df To;/L lgo'lQm kfPsf]
JolQmn] kfPsf] tna eQf / cGo ;'ljwfafktsf] /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x
c;"npk/ ul/g]5 .
37*=nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm x'g]M -!_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf jf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf ======38åf/f
k"lt{ x'g] kbdf nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] l/Qm
/fhkqf+lst låtLo >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] >]0fLdf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf =======39 åf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdf
Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
(= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'lQm ug]{5
/ To:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkq cg+lst kbdf ljefuLo k|d'vn] lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{no k|d'vn] cfkm\gf] / cfkm\gf]
dftxtsf sfof{nosf /fhkq cg+lst / >]0fLljxLg kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
40!)= pDd]bjf/ x'gsf] nflu cof]UotfM -!_ b]xfosf JolQmx¿ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]
5}gg\ M–
-s_ /fhkq cg+lst / >]0fLljxLg kbdf !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf,
-v_ /fhkqf+lst kbdf @! jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf,

10
-u_ k'?if pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf k}+tL; jif{ / dlxnf pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf rfnL; jif{ pd]/
k"/f eO;s]sf,
t/,
-!_ e"tk"j{ ;}lgs jf k|x/L lgo'lQm x'g] egL tf]lsPsf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
==========41kbdf rfnL; jif{ ggf3]sf h'g;'s} JolQm pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
42-@_ /fhkqf+lst låtLo / k|yd >]0fLsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfdf k}+tfnL; jif{ ggf3]sf
JolQm pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf :yfoL axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pDd]bjf/sf] xb nfUg] 5}g .
43æ-$_ bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx? rfnL;
jif{sf] pd]/;Dd pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .Æ
-3_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ul/Psf,
-ª_ u}/g]kfnL gful/s,
-r_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] .
44-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] jf ljsf;tkm{sf] s'g} kbdf sDtLdf kfFr
jif{b]lv c:yfoL lgo'lQm kfO{ cljlR5Gg ¿kdf ;]jf ul//x]sf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu x'g] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] lj1fkgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g pd]/sf] aGb]h nfUg] 5}g .
45!!= c:yfoL lgo'lQm;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ nf]s;]jf cfof]un] cfkm"n] ;~rfng u/]sf] k/LIffdf :yfoL
lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; gePsf pDd]bjf/x¿dWo]af6 c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'§}
of]Uotfqmd cg';f/sf] ;"rL k|sflzg ug]{5 .
-@_lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} l/Qm kbdf c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt dGqfnon]
nf]s;]jf cfof]udf n]vL k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf nf]s;]jf cfof]un] of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rLdf /x]sf
JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] dfusf] cfwf/df c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ gfd l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ePsf JolQmnfO{ a9Ldf ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu ;DalGwt
dGqfnon] c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd c:yfoL lgo'lQm u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;ft
lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

11
-^_o; bkmf ljk/Lt s;}n] c:yfoL lgo'lQm u/]df To:tf] lgo'lQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfafktsf] /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afsL ;/x
c;"npk/ ul/g]5 .
!@= kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfkm\gf] kb dflysf] kbflwsf/ sfod
/xg]5M–
-s_ To; kbdf sfdsfh ul//xFbf;Dd .
-v_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg kfOg] Dofb;Dd .
-u_ labfdf /x]sf] avt .
-3_ lgnDag /x]sf] avt .
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f jf u}/;/sf/L sfddf v6fOPsf avt jf s'g} cGo kbdf sfod
d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] avt .
46!#= sfod d'sfodM 47-!_ s'g} klg ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf To:tf] kbdf
axfnjfnf sd{rf/L kGw| lbgeGbf a9L ;do;Dd labfdf a;]df jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxLdf
k/]df ;f] kbdf tTsfn sfd rnfpgsf] nflu ;dfg:t/ jf a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ eO;s]sf]
Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a9Ldf 5 dlxgfsf] nflu sfod d'sfod d's// ug{
;lsg]5 . o;/L s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// ul/;s]kl5 ;f]xL jf cGo JolQmnfO{ k'gM ;f] kbdf
sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// u/]df lghn] ;f] kbdf /xbf
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfafktsf] /sd sfod d'sfod d's// ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6
;/sf/L afsL ;/x c;"npk/ ul/g]5 .
!$= zkyu|x0f ug]{M klxnf]k6s lgo'lQm eO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] zkyu|x0f ug'{kg]{5 .
48!%= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkgM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg ubf{ lghsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
tflnd / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
t/ /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kbdf kb:yfkg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
;xdltadf]lhd ul/g]5 . ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] To:tf] kbdf kb:yfkgsf] nflu ;xdlt lb+bf
;DalGwt dGqfno;+u ;dGjo u/L plNnlvt s'/fx¿sf] cltl/Qm ;f] kbdf g]t[Tj axg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
ePsf] sd{rf/Lx¿dWo]nfO{ ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{5 .

12
-@_s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] ljefuLo k|d'v, sfof{no k|d'v jf cGo kbdf
kb:yfkg jf ;?jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] kbdf /xL ug]{ sfo{x¿sf] k|zf;sLo sfo{k|s[ltcg';f/
sfo{ ljj/0fsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L;Fu sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf u/L kb:yfkg jf ;?jf ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] kb / s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ljefuLo
k|d'vsf] kbdf axfnjfnf kbflwsf/L;Fu} /xL sfd ug{ / a/a'emf/y u/fpg kGw| lbg;Ddsf] nflu ljz]if
kb :jtM l;h{gf u/L axfnjfnf kbflwsf/L cjsfz x'g' cufj} kb:yfkg u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ kb:yfkg;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
49!^= k/LIf0fsfnM lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf gof“ lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf 5 dlxgf /
k'?if sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf Ps jif{sf] k/LIf0fsfndf /xg] u/L ul/g]5 . k/LIf0fsfndf lghsf] sfd
;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghsf] lgo'lQm ab/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L lgo'lQm ab/ gul/Psf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt ePkl5 :jtM ;b/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf Psk6s :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ k/LIf0fsfn e'Qmfg ul/;s]sf]
sd{rf/L lghfdtL ;]jfsf] csf]{ kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ /dfgf lnO{ cfPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k'gM
k/LIf0fsfndf /flvg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z -#_ / o;
bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ælghfdtL ;]jfÆ eGgfn] ;+;b\ ;]jf / g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
!&= d'Vo ;lrj / ;lrjsf] kbfjlwM d'Vo ;lrj / ;lrjsf] kbfjlw qmdzM tLg jif{ / kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
50==============
:ki6Ls/0fM o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;lrjÆ eGgfn] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] h'g;'s} kbdf
/x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
kl/R5]b– $
;?jf / a9'jf
51!*= ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]zsf] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cg'ej;d]t lbnfpgsf
nflu pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;?jf ul/g]5 / To:tf] ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ x'g]5 .
t/,

50 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z lemlsPsf] .
13
-s_ Ps dGqfno jf cGtu{tsf] ljefu jf sfof{nosf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{
dGqfno / cGtu{tsf] ljefu jf sfof{nodf ;dfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;?jf ug]{5 .
-v_ k|zf;g ;]jf, n]vf ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;?jf dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{non]
ug]{5 .
-@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf jf kb:yfkgf ubf{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj
/ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 . ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrjsf] ;d]t ;?jf l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf ;f] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] ;§f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{nosf] ;lrjn] ;ldltsf] ;b:osf]
¿kdf efu lng]5 .
52æ-@s_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df
pNn]lvt ;]jfsf]] lalzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;f]xL ;]jfsf] lalzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf dfq
;?jf x'g ;Sg]5 .Æ
-#_ ljz]if1tfsf] ;]jf lng'kg]{ kbdf /x]sf] / :yfgLo:t/df cGoq st} klg lghsf]
;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x;DaGwL kb tyf sfof{no gePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L / ljlzi6 >]0fL tyf
/fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] sd{rf/Lafx]s cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ubf{ ;DalGwt clVtof/jfnfn]
;fdfGotof jif{df Psk6s tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsfcg';f/ b]xfoadf]lhd ;?jf kqdf cjlw
tf]sL ;?jf ug'{kg]{5M–
-s_ æsÆ jf ævÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] sfof{nodf sDtLdf 8]9 jif{sf] cjlw sfd
ul/;s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ æ3Æ jf æuÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] sfof{nodf sDtLdf b'O{
jif{sf] nflu .
-v_ æuÆ jf æ3Æ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] sfof{nodf sDtLdf b'O{ jif{sf] cjlw sfd
ul/;s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ævÆ jf æsÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] sfof{nodf sDtLdf 8]8
jif{sf] nflu .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æPs jif{Æ eGgfn] sDtLdf b'O{ ;o t]QL; lbg
?h' xflh/ ePsf] cjlwnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] ;?jf kqdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw gk'Ub} ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ ;?jf
ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
52 Rff}yf] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .
14
-s_ s'g} :yfgdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/L czQm eO{ ;f] :yfgdf lghsf] pkrf/ x'g
g;Sg] b]lvPsf] s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f tf]lsPsf] d]l8sn af]8{n] l;kmfl/; u/]df,
-v_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbg'k/]df,
-u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{k/]df,
-3_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgh sfo{/t sfof{nodf /flv/fVg pko'Qm gePdf,
-ª_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} b/aGbL s6f}tL eO{ ;f] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L kmflhndf
k/]sf] / lghnfO{ ;f]xL lhNnfl:yt cGo sfof{nodf ;d]t ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf
g/x]df,
-r_ /fhkq cg+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ 3/ kfos ;?jf ug'{ .
53æt/ /fhkq cglÍt kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf a9'jf ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] tyf
/fhkqflÍt kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df klxnf] k6s kb:yfkg ePsf]
sfof{nodf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf x'g] 5}g .Æ
-%_ o; bkmfadf]lhd ;?jf ubf{ l/Qm kb ldn];Dd lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkq cg+lst
>]0fLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] klt kTgL b'j} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf eP Pp6} lhNnfdf k7fOg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;?jf ug{'kg]{ ef}uf]lns If]qsf] ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"xsf] kb ePsf] sfof{no gePdf jf ;?jf x'g'kg]{ ef}uf]lns If]qsf] sfof{nosf] kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lsf] tf]lsPsf] ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] ePdf To;kl5sf] ;?jf x'g'kg]{ qmdsf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf]
sfof{nodf ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] pkbkmf k|f/De ePkl5
lgo'lQm x'g] /fhkq cg+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 h'g c~rncGtu{t l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf] xf], ;f]xL c~rnleqsf sfof{nox¿afx]s 54kfFr aif{;Dd cGoq ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
55æt/ /fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf l;kmfl/; ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] l;kmfl/; ePsf]
sfof{nodf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw ;]jf u/]kl5 ;f] ljsf; If]qleq ;?jf x'g ;Sg]5 .Æ
-*_ pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -u_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo kl/l:ylt k/L o;
bkmfadf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'Ub} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ul/Pdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ gofF 7fpFdf
aGbf]a:t ug{sf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] /sd lbOg]5 .
t/ s'g} sd{rf/L cfkm\gf] cg'/f]wdf ;?jf ePsf] jf sf7df8fF} pkTosfleqsf] Pp6f
lgsfoaf6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqs} csf]{ lgsfodf jf Pp6} lhNnfsf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfdleqsf] Pp6f
54 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
15
sfof{noaf6 ;f]xL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdleqsf] csf]{ sfof{nodf ul/Psf] ;?jfdf jf cjlw gtf]lsg] kbsf]
;?jfdf To:tf] /sd lbOg] 5}g .
-(_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cWoog labfdf /x]sf] jf :jtM
lgnDagdf /x]sf] jf 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlw;Dd cGo s'g} labfdf /x]sf] jf tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L
cjlw sfhdf vl6Psf] jf s'g} vf; sfdsf] nflu jf s'g} vf; cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu v6fOg]
sd{rf/Lsf] kbflwsf/ lhNnf:t/sf] sfof{nodf jf sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kbdf /x]sf] eP
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ ;f] cjlwe/sf] nflu ljz]if kb l;h{gf u/L To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf]
kbflwsf/ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] lgsfodf ;fg{ ;lsg]5 .
-!)_pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} dGqfno /
cGtu{tsf] ljefu jf sfof{nosf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{ dGqfno / cGtu{tsf] ljefu jf sfof{nodf
;fdfGo k|fzf;g dGqfnon] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
56æ-!!_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmfsf] v08 -u_, -3_ jf
-ª_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;DalGwt sd{rf/L cfkm}n] :j]R5fn] lgj]bg glbO{ /fhkq cglÍt jf >]0fLljxLg
sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f geO{ ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .Æ
-!@_o; bkmf ljk/Lt ;?jf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{5 /
To:tf] ;?jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] /2 ug{]5 . ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] u/]sf] ;?jf eP g]kfn
;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\n] /2 ug]{5 .
-!#_ ;?jf;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPad]flhd x'g]5 .
!*s=57sfh;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgh sfo{/t /x]sf] dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u,
ljefu jf sfof{noaf6 ;f]xL lgsfosf] sfddf dfq cGo :yfgdf sfh v6fpg ;lsg]5 . o;/L sfh
v6fpFbf Ps jif{df tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu sfh v6fpg kfOg] 5}g .
t/ tflnd, uf]i7L cflbdf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu sfh v6fpg ;lsg]5 .
58-@_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb gePsf] lgsfodf / :jLs[t
c:yfoL b/aGbLdf sfhdf v6fpFbf jf sfh cjlw ;dfKt gx'Fb} sfh lkmtf{ ubf{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lng'kg]{5 . o:tf] sfuhsf] cjlw Ps k6sdf Ps jif{eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
t/ /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/LnfO{ sfh v6fpgsf] nflu ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
;xdlt lnO/xg'kg]{ 5}g .

16
59-@s_ lgjf{rg, hgu0fgf, gfkL 6f]nL, vfgL ;j]{If0fh:tf sfddf / :yfoL k|s[ltsf
cfof]u tyf ;ldltsf sfddf Psk6ssf nflu Ps jif{;Dd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfh v6fpg'kg]{ ePdf
sfh v6fpg] lgsfon] ;DalGwt lgsfo / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ sfh v6fpg'kg]{5 .
60-@v_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg sfof{nosf] ljefuLo
k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] kbdf kbflwsf/ /fvL cGoq cfof]hgfdf
jf lgsfodf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .
61-@u_o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
cltl/Qm ;d"xdf kbflwsf/ ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x ldNg] u/L h'g;'s} lgsfodf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] sdsfh ug{ v6fpg ;Sg]5 / s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljz]if1tfsf] ;]jf lngsf] nflu
cGt/lgsfosf] sfo{df s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsfh ug{ sfhdf v6fpg'kg]{ ePdf sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfo
/ sfhdf lng] lgsfosf] ;xdltdf a9Ldf tLg dlxgfsf] nflu ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] sfhdf
v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
62æ-@3_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -&_
adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f geP ;Dd Ps jif{df tLg dlxgf eGbf
a9L sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .Æ
-#_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -@s_, -@v_ /-@3_63ljk/Lt s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf
v6fOPdf To;/L sfhdf vl6Psf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] cjlwdf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo
;'ljwfafktsf] /sd sfh v6fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afsL ;/x c;"npk/ u/L ljefuLo sf/afxL64
ul/g]5 .
65-$_o; bkmfdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lhNnf:t/sf sfof{nox¿ :yfgLo
lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'Fbf To:tf lhNnf:t/sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
66-%_pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd sfhdf v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL lghsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
17
67-^_pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd v6fOPsf] sd{rf/Lx¿ cf–cfkm\gf] ;fljssf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"xdf x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ / /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/L eP lgh sfo{/t
lhNnfdf x'g] a9'jfsf] ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .
68æ-^s_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df
pNn]lvt ;]jfsf]] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL ;]jfsf] lalzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf dfq
sfh v6fpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] cfof]u, sfo{bn jf o:t} k|s[ltsf] cGo s'g} sfo{ ug{sf]
nflu cjlw tf]sL sfhdf v6fpg jfwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ
69-&_sfh;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
70!*v= lhDd]jf/L glbO{ /fVg gx'g]M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ kbLo
lhDd]jf/L glbO{ b'O{ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlw;Dd /fVg ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ nfdf] labfdf /x]sf]df,
-v_ lgnDag ePsf]df,
-u_ cGoq sfhdf vl6Psf] sf/0f kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbdf sfod /fVg kg]{ ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ kbLo lhDd]jf/L glbO{ /fv]df
lhDd]jf/L lbO{ sfddf nufpg'kg]{ bfloTj ePsf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
71!*u= ;doleq} sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{M -!_ of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 ;DalGwt lgsfon] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, sfh,
sfod d'sfod ;DaGwdf o; P]gadf]lhd ldnfg ug'{kg]{ sfd b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DkGg u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ ;DalGwt lgsfon] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlwleq ;f] sfd gu/]df ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnon] tTsfn ug]{5 .
72!*3= cltl/Qm ;d"x M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf
Ps cltl/Qm ;d"x /xg]5 .
-@_ s'g} klg sfof{nodf kmflhndf /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kbflwsf/ pkbkmf -
!_ adf]lhdsf] ;d"xdf ;fg{ ;lsg]5 .
68 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
18
-#_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlw;Dd cltl/Qm ;d"xdf
/fVbf bkmf !*v= sf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L /fVg'kg]{5 .
-$_ cltl/Qm ;d"x;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
73!*ª=lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;hfosf] clen]v /fVg] M -!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / ;DalGwt lgsfon]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;hfosf] clen]v /fVg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] clen]vnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cjlwe/ ljefuLo
k|d'vdf kb:yfkg ubf{, sfod d'sfod d's// ubf{, s'g} klg lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] kbdf lhDd]jf/L lbFbf,
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ubf{, lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ jf lje"if0f k|bfg ubf{, cWoog jf tflnddf dgf]gog
ubf{, :t/ j[l4 ubf{ / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] cj;/ k|bfg ubf{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{5M–
-s_ gl;xt kfPsf]df ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{sf] cjlwe/,
-v_ lgnDag ePsf]df ;f] cjlwe/,
-u_ a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
-3_ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf cjlwe/ .
74!*r= g]t[Tj d"Nof+sg M /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj
d"Nofsg;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
75!(= a9'jfM -!_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf afx]s cGo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf
a9'jf ubf{ bkmf @) adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ul/g]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf]
kbdf b]xfoadf]lhd a9'jf ul/g]5M–
-s_ /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] d'Vo ;lrjsf] kbdf a9'jf ubf{ axfnjfnf
;lrjx¿dWo]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ho]i7tf / sfo{s'zntfsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 u/L a9'jf
ug]{5 .
76æ-v_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbdf eP M–
-!_ l/Qm kb dWo] @) k|ltzt kbdf sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf cf};tdf kGrfgAa] k|ltzt
jf ;f]eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt u/]sf / 77;DjlGwt ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL jf
;f] ;/xsf] kbdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/nfO{ a9'jf
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] a9'jf ug]{5 .
76 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
19
-@_ l/Qm kb dWo] *) k|ltzt kbdf sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df ;a}eGbf a9L
cÍ k|fKt ug]{ 78;DjlGwt ;]jfsf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/x? dWo]af6 pknAw eP;Dd
l/Qm kbsf] t]Aa/ ;+Vofdf a9'jf ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf pDd]bjf/x? dWo]af6
g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ho]i7tf / sfo{s'zntfsf] cfwf/df pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{
a9'jf ug]{5 .
79æt/ s'g} ;]jfdf t]Ja/ ;Vofdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf t]Ja/ eGbf
sd ;+Vofdf pDd]bjf/ l;kmfl/z ug{ jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ
80-@s=_ pkv08 -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf ;]jfsf
/fhkqf+lst lalzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sd{rf/Lx?af6 a9'jf ul/g]
5 M–
-c_ g]kfn s[lif tyf jg ;]jfsf] kbdf g]kfn s[lif ;]jf / g]kfn jg ;]jfsf /fhkqflst
k|yd >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx? /
-cf_ g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfsf] kbdf g]kfn cfly{s of]hgf tyf tYofÍ ;]jf, g]kfn k|zf;g
;]jf, g]kfn ljlaw ;]jf / g]kfn lzIff ;]jfsf /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf
sd{rf/Lx? .
-#_ o; v08 adf]lhd a9'jf ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; ubf{ klxn] pkv08 -!_ adf]lhdsf]
l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 pkv08 -@_ adf]lhdsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-$_ o; v08 adf]lhd kbk"lt{sf] nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{5
.Æ
81-u_ ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g /fhkqf+lst k|yd
>]0fLsf sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] pRr:t/Lo Joj:yfkg tflnd;d]t pQL0f{
u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
t/ of] bkmf k|f/De ePkl5 Ps jif{leq x'g] a9'jfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
82-3_v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] a9'jfsf] nflu sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] u0fgf
ubf{ a9'jf x'g hlt jif{sf] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw cfjZos kg]{ xf], kl5Nnf] Tolt jif{sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .
20
t/ of] bkmf k|f/De ePkl5 ;+jt\ @)^$ ;fn sflt{s d;fGtleq a9'jf ubf{ ;+jt\
@)^# ;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L, blnt, ckf+u /
lk5l8Psf] If]qdf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf kl5Nnf] tLg jif{ / cGosf]
xsdf kl5Nnf] rf/ jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ul/g]5 .
83æ-ª_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lalzi6 >]0fLsf] s'g}klg kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
;+DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] l;kmfl/z ug'{kg]{5 / l;kmfl/z ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq
l/Qm kbdf kbk'lt{ ug'{ kg]{5 .Æ
@)= a9'jf ;ldltM -!_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] 84/fhkqf+lst kbdf / /fhkq cg+lst kbaf6 /fhkqf+lst kbdf
a9'jf x'g] afx]s lghfdtL ;]jfsf] cGo /fhkqf+lst kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf]
a9'jf ;ldlt /xg]5M–
-s_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:o –
cWoIf
-v_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:o –
;b:o
-u_ d'Vo ;lrj
– ;b:o
-3_ nf]s;]jf cfof]uåf/f dgf]gLt ;DalGwt ljifosf ljz]if1 –
;b:o
-ª_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj –
;b:o ;lrj
85-!s_ /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fLaf6 /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:o –
cWoIf
-v_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ;lrj
– ;b:o
-u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj
– ;b:o
83 Rff}yf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

21
-3_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfaf6 dgf]gLt ;DalGwt ljifosf] ljz]if1 –
;b:o
-ª_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
/fhkqf+lstk|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t –
;b:o–;lrj
86-!v_pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x
;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkq cg+lst kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{ tf]lsPsf] a9'jf
;ldlt /xg]5 .
-#_ a9'jf ;ldltn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ ckgfpg'kg]{
sfo{ljlw tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
87-$_ a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ubf{ a9'jfsf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/fd e/]sf
;DefJo pDd]bjf/x¿n] kfPsf] s'n c+s;d]t k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 .
88-$s_ a9'jf ;ldltn] cfj]bg kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldltn] rf/ dlxgfleq
a9'jfsf] glthf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 .
89-%_a9'jf ;ldltn] jflif{s sfo{tflnsf agfO{ ;f] tflnsf adf]lhd cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;~rfng
ug'{kg]{5 .
90@)s= a9'jf;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} >]0fLdf
sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd axfn /lx/x]sf /fhkqf+lst k|yd91>]0fL jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
bkmf ## adf]lhd cjsfz x'g Ps dlxgf afFsL ePdf lghnfO{ Ps >]0fL92dflysf] kbdf a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-@_o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} kbdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd axfn
/lx/x]sf /fhkqf+lst k|yd93>]0fL jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] bkmf #% adf]lhd :j]lR5s
cjsfz lng rfxL lgj]bg lbPdf lghnfO{ Ps >]0fL94 dflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5 .
22
-#_pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf ug{sf] nflu :jtM ljz]if kb l;h{gf x'g]5 / To:tf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 ;f] kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
95-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} kbdf o; bkmfadf]lhdsf]
cjlw k"/f ePsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ Ps >]0fL dflysf]
kbsf] lgj[Qe/0fnufotsf cGo ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
96-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd Pp6} kbdf
axfn /x]sf /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL / /fhkqf+lst låtLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a9'jf eO{ cjsfz
lng rfx]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps >]0fLdfly a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5 .
97@!=a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g rflxg] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]UotfM -!_98 a9'jfsf] lgldQ
pDd]bjf/ x'g a9'jf x'g] kbsf] >]0fLeGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbsf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
/ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] x'g'kg]{5M–
-s_ /fhkq cgl°t kbsf] lgldQ tLg jif{,
-v_ /fhkqf+lst kbsf] lgldQ kfFr jif{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg 99dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L, blnt, ckf+u / lk5l8Psf] If]qdf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] plNnlvt ;]jf
cjlwdf Ps jif{ sd ;]jf cjlw eP klg a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\ .
@@= a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg]M bkmf @! df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf]
cj:yfdf b]xfosf] cjlwe/ lghfdtL sd{rf/L a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}gM–
-s_ lgnDag ePsf]df lgnDag ePsf] cjlwe/,
-v_ a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
-u_ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ .
100-3_ bkmf @^ adf]lhd ;]jf jf ;d"x kl/jt{g u/]sf] sd{rf/L eP To;/L ;]jf jf ;d"x
kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{ / cfkm}+n] lgj]bg lbO{ ;]jf jf ;d"x kl/jt{g u/]sf] eP
To;/L ;]jf jf ;d"x kl/jt{g u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] cjlwe/ .
23
101@@s= a9'jf lgo'lQmsf] /f]Ssf tyf km's'jfM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; eO;s]kl5
a9'jf lgo'lQm gkfpGh]n lgnDag jf a9'jf /f]Ssf jf tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePdf plNnlvt cjlwe/
lghsf] a9'jf lgo'lQm /f]Ssf ul/g]5 / lgnDagaf6 lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf jf /f]Ssf cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5
lgh lgnDag jf /f]Ssf geP;/x dfgL lgo'lQm lbO{ h]i7tfdfq sfod ul/g]5 .
@#= 102===============
103@$=sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf] cfwf/M -!_ a9'jf ;ldltn] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{Ifdtfafkt
kfPsf] s'n c+ssf] cfwf/df a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhd a9Ldf Ps ;o c+s
lbOg]5M–
-s_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgafkt – rfnL; c+s
-v_ Ho]i7tfafkt – tL; c+s
-u_ z}lIfs of]Uotfafkt – afx| c+s
-3_ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]afkt – ;f]x| c+s
-ª_tflndafkt – b'O{ c+s
-#_ ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgafkt c+s u0fgf ubf{ cfiff9
d;fGt;Ddsf] lx;fan] / cGo c+ssf] u0fgf ubf{ a9'jfsf] b/vf:t lbg] clGtd Dofb;Dd xfl;n u/]sf]
c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .
@$s=104sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sgM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg ug{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] s'n c+ssf] ljefhg b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5 M–
-s_ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lbg ;Sg] clwstd – kRrL; c+s
-v_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lbg ;Sg] clwstd – bz c+s
-u_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lbg ;Sg] clwstd – kfFr c+s
-#_ ;'k/Lj]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{, k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{
;Dkfbgafkt c+s lb+bf o; bkmf / sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf plNnlvt cfwf/ cg'¿k lbg'kg]{5 .

102 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
24
105-$_ /fhkqfl°t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof°g cw{jflif{s / jflif{s ¿kdf
tyf /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/Lsf] nflu jflif{s ¿kdf ul/g]5 .
106-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cw{jflif{s ¿kdf sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;f] cjlw ;dfKt
ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;DalGwt /fhkqfl°t sd{rf/Ln] lgwf{l/t sfo{x¿, ;Dkflbt sfo{x¿, s'g} sfo{
;DkGg x'g g;s]sf] eP To:tf] ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf sfo{x¿ / To;sf] sf/0f;lxt pNn]v u/L tf]lsPsf]
9fFrfdf b'O{k|lt kmf/fd e/L ;'kl/j]Ifs;dIf k]; ug'{kg]{5 . To;/L k]; ePsf] kmf/fd ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
d"Nof+sg u/L k[i7kf]if0f lbg'kg]{ s'/f kmf/fdsf] lglb{i6 :yfgdf g} pNn]v u/L csf]{ ;ft lbgleq Ps
k|lt ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg'kg]{5 . jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ubf{ cw{jflif{s ¿kdf el/Psf
k|To]s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdsf] ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . cw{jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd
lglb{i6 ;dodf geg]{ sd{rf/L / To;sf] hfFr u/L k[i7kf]if0f glbg] ;'kl/j]IfsnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn]
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
107-^_ jflif{s ¿kdf d"Nof+sg ug'{kg]{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg /fhkq cgl°t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v tyf ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq d"Nof+sg u/L, u/fO{ To;sf] tLg
k|lt tof/ u/L Ps k|lt nf]s;]jf cfof]u, Ps k|lt a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fO{ csf]{ Ps k|lt
;DalGwt sfof{nodf /fVg'kg]{5 . Ps jif{df PseGbf a9L sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/ln] ;?jf eO{
/dfgf lnO{ cfpFbf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifsaf6 sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd
e/fO{ ;f] ;d]t lnO{ cfpg'kg]{5 . jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] To;/L k|fKt ;fljs
sfof{nosf] ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"Nof+sgnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 . /fhkqf+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ;lrjn] tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq d"Nof+sg
u/L u/fO{ To;sf] tLg k|lt tof/ u/L Ps k|lt nf]s;]jf cfof]u / Ps k|lt a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf
k7fO{ csf]{ Ps k|lt ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf /fVg'kg]{5 .
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ug]{ k|To]s lgsfon] tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq cfkm"n] d"Nof+sg u/]sf] kmf/fd k]; ug'{kg]{
lgsfodf k7fPsf] gfdfjnL;lxtsf] ;"rgf ;ft lbgleq cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf k|sfzg
ug'{kg]{5 .
108-^s_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd e/L tf]lsPsf]
;dofjlwleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] cjlwleq btf{ ug{ g;sL ;f]sf] dgfl;a
sf/0f;lxt Dofb yksf] nflu ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] lgj]bg lbPdf / ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lgj]bgdf pNn]lvt
sf/0f dgfl;a b]v]df tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .

25
To;/L ylkPsf] Dofbleq ;f]xL cfly{s jif{leq} sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd btf{ x'g cfPdf btf{ ePsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf d"Nof+sgafkt s'n k|fKtf°af6 k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] Ps c+s
36fpg]5 .
t/ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd eg]{ ;dofjlwdf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L j}b]lzs tflnd,
uf]i7L jf cWoog e|d0f cflbdf sfhdf hfg'kg]{ cj:yf k/]df To;/L hfg'eGbf cufj} sfo{;Dkfbg
d"Nof+sg kmf/fd e/L ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg'kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg
kmf/fdnfO{ lgwf{l/t ;dod} btf{ ePsf] dfgL d"Nof+sg ug'{kg]{5 .
109-^v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;dodf g} e/L btf{ u/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq d"Nof+sg gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ul/g]5 .
110-^u_ k|To]s jif{ ul/g] jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltaf6 eO;s]kl5
;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] To; jif{ k|fKt u/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] s'n c+s lghn] lgj]bg lbO{ dfu
u/]df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnon] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .
t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lbPsf] c+s hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5}g .
111-^3_ pkbkmf -^u_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L lnPkl5 ;'kl/j]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] u/]sf]
d"Nof+sg s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] 7f]; cfwf/ / sf/0f;lxt ;ft lbgleq tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
clwsf/L;dIf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L ph'/L u/]sf]df To:tf] clwsf/Ln] ph'/Lpk/ ;DalGwt
;'kl/j]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{;+u k/fdz{ u/L cfjZos 5fglag ug]{5 / cfjZos b]lvPdf To:tf]
d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf k|fKt c+s tf]lsPadf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ jflif{s ¿kdf ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgafkt ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n]
(% k|ltzteGbf a9L jf &% k|ltzteGbf sd c+s k|bfg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg'k5{ / &%
k|ltzteGbf sd c+s lbPsf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ lghn] k|ltlqmof lbPdf ;f] ;d]t
/fvL k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{
;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf b'j}sf] ;f] d"Nof+sg lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f;d]t v'nfO{
lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L lkmtf{ k7fPsf]df ;DalGwt d"Nof+sgstf{n] k'gM d"Nof+sg u/L jf klxn]
u/]sf] d"Nof+sgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-*_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ c+s u0fgf ubf{ a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5Nnf] Tolt jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdsf]
cf};taf6 lx;fa ul/g]5 .
t/-

26
112-!_ cWoog jf tflnddf uPsf] jf lgnDag eO{ lgnDag km's'jf ePsf]df lgnDag
cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+safkt To:tf] cWoog jf tflnddf hfg'eGbf jf lgnDag
x'g'eGbf tTsfn cl3sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ePdf ;f]xL jif{sf] / To:tf] sfo{;Dkfbg
d"Nof+sg gePdf xflh/ ePkl5 e/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgdf hlt c+s kfPsf] 5 ;f]xL
cg'kftdf g} c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .
113-@_ c;fwf/0f labfdf a;]sf] cjlwnfO{ s6fP/ dfq} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/Lsf] lx;fa
ul/g]5 / To:tf] labf cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd el/g] 5}g . c;fwf/0f labfdf
a;]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ c+s u0fgf ubf{ c;fwf/0f
labfdf a;]sf] cjlw s6fO{ ;f]eGbf cufl8 jf k5fl8sf jif{x¿sf a9'jfsf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgafktsf] c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-(_ ========= 114
-!)_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

115@$v=Ho]i7tfsf] d"Nof+sgM lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ho]i7tfafktsf] c+s k|bfg ubf{ xfn axfn /x]sf]
b]xfoadf]lhdsf] >]0fLdf sfd u/]afkt b]xfosf] b/n] a9Ldf tL; c+s k|bfg ul/g]5 M
-s_ /fhkq cg+lst t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf kbdf sfd u/]afkt k|To]s jif{sf] c+s #=&% sf]
b/n],
-v_ /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sfd u/]afkt k|To]s jif{sf] c+s # sf] b/n],
-u_ /fhkqf+lst t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sfd u/]afkt k|To]s jif{sf] c+s @=% sf]
b/n] .
t/,
-!_ Ho]i7tfafkt c+s u0fgf ubf{ Ps jif{eGbf a9L rfgr'g dlxgf jf lbgsf] nflu
bfdf;fxLsf] lx;fan] c+s lbOg]5 .
-@_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu uon ePsf] jf c;fwf/0f labfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] c+s lbOg]
5}g .
116@$u=ef}uf]lns If]qsf] ljefhgM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ejsf]
c+s k|bfg ubf{ b]zsf] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ qmdzM æsÆ, ævÆ, æuÆ / æ3Æ rf/ ju{df ljefhg

115 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk eO{ k'gM bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
27
u/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf] kbdf tLdWo] Ps jf PseGbf a9L ju{df sfd u/]sf] cg'ejafkt ;f]x| c+sdf
ga9\g] u/L b]xfoadf]lhd c+s lbOg]5M–
-s_ /fhkq cg+lst t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf,–
-!_ æsÆ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s $=)) sf b/n],
-@_ ævÆ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s #=@% sf b/n],
-#_ æuÆ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s @=%) sf b/n],
-$_ æ3Æ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s @=)) sf b/n] .
-v_ /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf,–
-$_ æ3Æ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s !=%) sf b/n] .
-u_ /fhkqf+lst t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf,–
-$_ æ3Æ ju{df sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu c+s !=@% sf b/n] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt s'g}
sd{rf/Ln] ef}uf]lns If]qafkt k|fKt ul/;s]sf] c+s 36\g] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qx¿sf] ljj/0f tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} Ps ef}uf]lns If]qdf sDtLdf b'O{ ;o t]QL; lbg ?h' xflh/ geO{ ;f] ef}uf]lns
If]qsf] c+s kfOg] 5}g . b'O{ ;o t]QL; lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu bfdf;fxLsf] b/n] ;f]xL ef}uf]lns
If]qsf] / ;f]eGbf sd cjlwsf] nflu h'g;'s} ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] eP klg æ3Æ ju{;/xsf] c+s
lbOg]5 . ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]afkt kfpg] c+s h'g >]0fLdf a9'jf x'g] xf] ;f] >]0fLeGbf Ps >]0fL
d'lgsf] kbdf k|fKt u/]sf] eP dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-%_ ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL s"6g}lts lgof]u jf cGo s'g} sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ æ3Æ
ju{;/xsf] / cWoog labf tyf j}b]lzs tflnddf sfhdf hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ æ3Æ ju{sf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] c+ssf] cfwf c+s lbOg]5 .
28
117@$3=z}lIfs of]Uotf / tflndsf] d"Nof+sgM 118æ-!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] cÍ lbFbf
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf k|j]z ug{ cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf afkt Psd'i7 gf} cÍ /
;]jf k|j]zsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfeGbf dflysf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x;Fu
;DalGwt ljifosf] Ps cltl/Qm z}lIfs pkflw afkt Psd'i6 tLg cÍ lbOg]5 . ;]jf k|j]z ug{
cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfeGbf dflyNnf] z}lIfs pkflw dfq kfPsf] cj:yfdf klg ;f]xL a/fa/sf]
b'j} cÍ lbOg]5 .Æ
-@_========119
120-#_bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ / -h_ adf]lhd v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g]
/fhkqf+lst låtLo / k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] lgldQ lgwf{l/t Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfafx]s /fhkqf+lst
låtLo >]0fLeGbf dflysf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu klg /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu lgwf{l/t
Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf dflgg]5 .
-$_ =========121
122-%_ ;]jfsfnLg tflndafkt k|yd >]0fLsf] nflu @ c+s, låtLo >]0fLsf] nflu !=&% c+s
/ t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu !=% c+s k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-^_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ tflndsf] c+s lb+bf Ps dlxgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf] ;]jf;+u
;DalGwt ljifosf] ;]jfsfnLg tflndafkt c+s lbOg]5 . tflndsf] c+s u0fgf ubf{ h'g >]0fLdf 5Fbf
tflndsf] nflu dgf]gog ePsf] xf] ;f] c+s ;f]xL >]0fLsf] nflu dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 .
123:ki6Ls/0f M æPs dlxgfsf] tflndÆ eGgfn] tL; sfo{ lbg jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf]
;]jf;+u ;DalGwt tflndnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-&_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;]jfsfnLg tflndafktsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z
ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] k]z gu/]df To;afkt c+s lbOg] 5}g .
124-*_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu b/vf:t;+u k]; u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
;f] ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x;+u ;DalGwt xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f
;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 . a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu b/vf:t;+u k]; u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf]

118 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
29
;Da4tf lgwf{/0f a9'jf ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g'eGbf cufl8sf] ldlt;Dd ePdf To:tf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf]
c+s a9'jfsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .
125-(_ o; bkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL tflnd lbg] ;+:yf / tflndsf] :t/;DaGwL Joj:yf ;]jf,
;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno;+u ;dGjo u/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] tf]s]adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
126@$3!= =============================
127æ@$3!s= h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfM -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg a9'jf ;ldltn] h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ a9'jf
x'g] kbeGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
cfwf/df a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 M–
-s_ a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5Nnf]
Tolt jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cf};tdf kGrfgAa] k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L cÍ
k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ /fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu sDtLdf P;= Pn= ;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] z}lIfs
of]Uotf ePsf],
-u_ /fhkqflÍt kbsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ePsf] M–
-!_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fL jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] kbsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/xsf] tyf /fhkqflÍt
t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf
sDtLdf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/xsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf],
-@_ a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu
;DalGwt ljifodf Ps dlxgf jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] ;]jfsfnLg tfnLd lnPsf],
-#_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLdf ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] afkt bkmf @$u= adf]lhd k"/f
cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] .
t/ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] afkt k"/f cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ gePdf
jf 5'6\ofOPsf] l/Qm kbdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ gk'u x'g] cj:yf ePdf To:tf] kbdf
ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] afkt k"/f cÍ k|fKt gu/]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ klg ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/ sfod u/L a9'jf ul/g]5 .

126 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h
30
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a9'jf ;ldltn]] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -
!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{
b]xfosf] cfwf/df a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 M–
-s_ kl5Nnf] tLg jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cf};tdf kGrfgAa] k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf
a9L c+s k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] /fhkq cglÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sf], /
-u_ >]0fL ljlxg kbdf jf /fhkq cglÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fLsf] kbdf cfj4 ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{
>]0fL ljlxg kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw ;d]t u0fgf u/L sDtLdf s'n ;]jf cjlw aL;
jif{ k"/f ePsf pDd]bjf/x? dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ sf] pkv08 -#_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhdsf ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/ a9'jf ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] h]i7tf ;f]xL pkbkmf adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] cGo sd{rf/L eGbf
kl5 x'g] u/L sfod ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; P]g adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ o; bkmf adf]lhd ul/g] a9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ;DkGg u/L
l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f ul/g] a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
128@$3!v=sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfof]hg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' eGbf cl3 sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;dfof]hgsf] nflu ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnon] of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps
dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]udf k'n b/jGbL l;h{gf u/L To;/L a9'jf ePsf
tyf x'g] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ To:tf] b/jGbLdf ;dfof]hg kb:yfkgf ug]{5 .
-@_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufj} sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf]
nflu b/vf:t cfx\jfg eO{ a9'jf lgo'lQm kfpg afFsL /x]sf] tyf of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{leq sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu b/vf:t cfx\jfg eO{ a9'jf x'g]
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;dfof]hgsf] nflu ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnon] ;DalGwt dGqfno,
;lrjfno jf cfof]udf k'n b/jGbL l;h{gf u/L To;/L a9'jf ePsf tyf x'g] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ To:tf]
b/jGbLdf ;dfof]hg kb:yfkg ug]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o;/L a9'jf ePsf tyf x'g]
sd{rf/Lx? lghfdtL ;]jfsf] b/jGbL g/x]sf] lgsfodf sfo{/t /x]sf] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL
ePsf] lgsfodf k'n b/jGbL l;h{gf u/L To:tf] b/jGbLdf ;dfof]hg kb:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 .
31
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd ;dfof]hg kb:yfkg ePkl5 lghx? a9'jf x'g' eGbf
cufl8 axfn /x]sf] kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd ;dfof]hg kb:yfkg ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DalGwt
dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]un] ;fljssf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/jGbLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L sfo{;Dkfbg
tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf tyf x'g] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;dfof]hgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
b/jGbLsf] :t/ pGglt / yk b/jGbLsf] olsg u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg'
kg]{5 . o;/L k7fOg] ljj/0fdf ;fljssf] b/jGbL, sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf]
tyf x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f tyf k'gM;+/rgf u/L ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] b/jGbLsf] ljj/0f v'nfO k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|fKt eP kl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f
u/L pko'Qm 7x/fPsf] b/jGbL Ps dlxgfleq :jLs[t ug]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd b/jGbL :jLs[t ePkl5 ;+zf]lwt b/jGbL ljj/0f lghfdtL
lstfjvfgfaf6 cBfjlws u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd lghfdtL lstfjvfgfaf6 b/jGbL ljj/0f cBfjlws eP kl5
pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf] b/jGbLdf ;]jf, ;d"x tyf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnon] pkbkmf
-(_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] of]Uotfqmd ;"rL dWo] dflyNnf] of]Uotfqmddf kg]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ?rL tyf
rfxgfsf] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ nufO{ kb:yfkg ug]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfnon]
;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
of]Uotfqmd ;"rL tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . o;/L of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf] cfwf/df tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf Ho]i7tf nfu" ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o
ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt cfwf/af6 Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbsf]
nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df,
-3_ v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf] Ho]i7tfsf] cfwf/df .
-!)_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd kb:yfkg ePkl5 To:tf] k'n b/jGbL :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-!!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd
k'n b/jGbLdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd kb:yfkg geO{ cGoq ;?jf x'g] 5}g .
32
-!@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd kb:yfkg
ePsf] sfof{nodf bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f geO{ s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ cGoq
;?jf ul/g] tyf sfh v6fOg] 5}g .
t/,
g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f yk cfly{s ;xfotf lnPsf, g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f ul7t d]l8sn jf]8{n]
la/fdL egL l;kmfl/z u/]sf, ckfËtfsf] æsÆ / ævÆ au{sf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf, :yfgLo lgsfo
nufot b'u{d:yfgdf kb:yfkg e} hfg rfxg] sd{rf/Lx?, s8f lsl;dsf /f]u nfu]sf sd{rf/Lx?, klt
jf kTgLsf] s8f /f]udf pkrf/ u/fO{ ;'ud :yfgdf al;/x]sf sd{rf/Lx?, laz]I kl/l:ylthGo cj:yfsf
sd{rf/Lx?, cf;f}r jf/]sf, ue{jtL / 3/fo;L sf/0faf6 cGoq hfg g;Sg] dlxnf, cjsfz x'g b'O{
aif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd ;do jfFsL /x]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ o; bkmf
adf]lhdsf] l/Qm kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfhdf v6fpg jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
-!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]lhd x'g] ;dfof]hg
kb:yfkgn] o; bkmf adf]lhd l;h{gf ePsf] kb afx]s cGo l/Qm kbdf bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yfdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/ k'¥ofpg] 5}g .Æ
129@$3@=>]0fLljxLg sd{rf/Lsf] :t/ j[l4;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ >]0fLljxLg kbx¿sf] :t/ b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|yd:t/
-v_ låtLo:t/
-u_ t[tLo:t/
-3_ rt'y{:t/
-ª_ kfFrf}+ :t/
-@_ >]0fLljxLg kbdf ;'? lgo'lQm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] k|yd:t/ sfod x'g]5 .
-#_ bkmf !*ª= adf]lhd ;hfosf] clen]v gePsf] >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/Lsf]
clVtof/jfnfn] b]xfoadf]lhd :t/ j[l4 ug]{5M–
-s_kfFr jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L t/ b; jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf]nfO{ låtLo:t/,
-v_b; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L t/ kGw| jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf]nfO{ t[tLo:t/,
-u_ kGw| jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L t/ aL; jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf]nfO{ rt'y{:t/ .
-3_ aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf]nfO{ kfFrf}+:t/ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] :t/adf]lhdsf] tnadfg g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ :t/ j[l4;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
33
130@$ª= j}olQms ljj/0f /fVg'kg]{M -!_ cfkm" axfn /x]sf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . cfkm\gf] JolQmut
ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{ u/fpg] bfloTj ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ eO;s]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L sfd jf
cWoog jf sfhsf] l;nl;nfdf ljb]zdf /xL jf b}jL ljkQL jf sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L b/vf:t
kmf/fd k]; ug{ g;s]df a9'jf ;"rgfsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf]
sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f a9'jf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . o;/L k7fOPsf] ljj/0fnfO{
cfwf/ dfgL a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jfsf] sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg]5 .
-#_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] a9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fd ebf{ em'7\7f ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] Joxf]/f
k|dfl0ft ePdf lghnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ul/g]5 .
131@$r= a9'jfsf] ph'/LM -!_ bkmf @) adf]lhd a9'jf ;ldltn] u/]sf] a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/;df lrQ ga'‰g]
;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ph'/L
lbg ;Sg]5 / To;/L k/]sf] ph'/Ldf ph'/L ug]{ Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq 6'+uf] nufOg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf ph'/L 6'+uf] nfu]kl5 klxn] k|sflzt a9'jf
gfdfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePdf ph'/L ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf] ;"rgf a9'jf ;ldltnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ph'/L 5fglag ubf{ hfgL–hfgL q'l6k"0f{ d"Nof+sg u/]sf]
b]lvPdf nf]s;]jf cfof]un] d"Nof+sgstf{nfO{ r]tfjfgL lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L em'¶f 7xl/Pdf ph'/Lkl5 x'g] a9'jfdf To:tf]
ph'/Lstf{sf] klxnf]k6ssf] ph'/L eP @ c+s / bf];|f]k6ssf] ph'/L eP # c+s sfl6g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhd ePsf] sf/afxLsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lnufot
a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno / ;DalGwt sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-^_ a9'jfsf] ph'/L;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%= a9'jfsf] zt{df kl/jt{gM bkmf @!, @@, 132@$, @$s, @$v, @$u=, @$3= jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf
lgodx¿df s'g} ;+zf]wg ubf{ To:tf] ;+zf]wg ePsf] Ps jif{kl5sf] ldltb]lv dfq nfu" x'g] u/L Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
133@^= ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{gM g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf]
s'g} >]0fLsf] s'g} ljz]if of]Uotf ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf k/L ;f] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xleq}af6
;?jf jf a9'jfåf/f k"lt{ ug{ g;lsg] eO{ cGo lghfdtL ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xaf6 ;]jf kl/jt{g u/L

131klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
34
kbk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f]sf] dfu u/L nf]s;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg'kg]{5 . nf]s;]jf
cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt lj1fkgdf tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf ePsf ;dfg >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] aLrdf
k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffsf] dfWodaf6 5gf}6 ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;]jf, ;d"x jf
pk;d"x kl/jt{g ug{]5 .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} lgsfosf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kb cfjZos geO{ b/aGbL s6f}tL
ePsf] / ;f] s6f}tL ePsf] ;]jf ;d"x, pk;d"x / >]0fLsf] kb cGo s'g} klg lgsfodf l/Qm g/x]sf] tyf
Ps jif{;Dd klg l/Qm x'g gcfO{ To:tf] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x
kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnO{ cGo ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf
;d"xLs[t ug{ of] bkmfdf plNnlvt s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b– %
tna eQf, rf8kj{ vr{ tyf cGo ;'ljwf
@&= tna eQfM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kbdf axfnL u/]sf] lbgb]lv tna eQf kfpg]5 .
134-!s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna, eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{sf] nflu
b]xfoadf]lhdsf] Ps tna eQf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf
-v_;lrj, cy{ dGqfno – ;b:o
-u_;lrj, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno – ;b:o
135-!v_ tna eQf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{ pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rLsf] cfwf/df dxFuL
eQf lgwf{/0f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . ;f] ;ldltn] k|To]s tLg jif{df /fh:j j[l4b/,
s'n b/aGbL ;+Vof / ljut tLg jif{df d"No ;"rLsf] cfwf/df k|bfg ul/Psf] dxFuL eQf;d]tnfO{ cfwf/
agfO{ tna eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{5 . ;f] ;ldltn] cGo sfo{ljlw cfkm}+n] to ug{
;Sg]5 .
136-!u_ pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cfjZostfcg';f/ pk;ldltsf] u7g ug{ /
;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1 jf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;ldltdf cfdGq0f u/L ;'emfj lng ;Sg]5 .
137-!3_ pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]
ug]{5 .

35
138-@_g]kfn ;/sf/n] pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df k|To]s jif{
j[l4 x'g] pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rLsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt;Dd /sd k|To]s jif{ eQfsf] ¿kdf lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L k|bfg ul/Psf] eQf /sd ;'? tna :s]nsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf
;f]eGbf a9L x'g uPsf] jif{df kRrL; k|ltzt /sd tnadfgdf ;dfof]hg u/L afFsL /sd eQfsf]
¿kdf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
139-#_ bkmf @( jf ^) df pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 k|To]s
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] Ps jif{sf] ;]jf k"/f u/]kl5 140tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] /sd tna j[l4 kfpg]5 . t/
o;/L tna j[l4 tf]lsbf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] /sddf g36\g] u/L tna j[l4 ;+Vof
ldnfg ul/g]5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df ;f] tna j[l4 s'g ldltb]lv km's'jf
x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lnlvt ¿kdf hgfO{ /fVg'kg]{5 .
@*= ksfPsf] tna eQf kfpg]M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf e'Qmfg ePkl5 tna 141/ eQf kfpg]
eP eQf;d]t kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ksfPsf] tna 142/ eQf kfpg] eP eQf;d]t lgh
h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf g/x]df klg kfpg]5 .
-#_ of] P]g jf o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿df Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] tna s§f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna ;f] sd{rf/L sfd ul//x]sf] jf labfdf a;]sf]
avt /f]lsg] 5}g .
143@*s= sfo{;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg, sfo{ kl/0ffd
/ k|fKt glthfsf] cfwf/df lghnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ Ps sfo{;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf /xg] /sd, To;sf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
@(= sfo{ bIftf ;Ldf kf/ ug]{M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{ bIftf ;Ldf kf/ ug{sf] lgldQ of]Uo 5 egL
/fhkqf+lst sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj / /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
clVtof/jfnfn] lnlvt ¿kdf ghgfP;Dd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ bIftf ;Ldf kf/ u/]sf] dflgg]
5}g .

140 s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g @)%& åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
36
#)= lgnDag ePdf kfpg] tnaM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/sf/L sfdsf] ;DaGwdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
tkm{af6 ePsf] sf/afxLsf] kmn:j¿k lgnDag ePdf ;f] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ lghn] cfkm\gf] tnasf]
cfwfdfq kfpg]5 .
t/ nfu]sf] cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn] ;kmfO kfPdf lgnDag /x]sf] cjlwdf cfwf tna
kfPsf] eP ;f] s6\6f u/L / gkfPsf] eP k"/} tna -tna j[l4 x'g] ePdf ;f] ;d]t_ kfpg]5 . s;"/bf/
7xl/Pdf lgnDag ePsf] ldltb]lvsf] afFsL tna eQf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sf/0fafx]s cGo s'g} sf/0faf6
lgnDag /xg uPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] To;/L lgnDag /x]sf] cjlwsf] tna kfpg] 5}g .
#!= sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg]M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] dfl;s tnaaf6 bz k|ltztsf
b/n] /sd s§f u/L ;f] /sddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ztk|ltzt /sd yk u/L sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifdf hDdf
ul/lbg]5 .
144#@=rf8kj{ vr{ tyf cGo ;'ljwf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fcg';f/ dgfOg]
rf8kj{sf] nflu sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd k|To]s jif{ rf8kj{ vr{sf]
¿kdf kfpg]5 . o:tf] /sd sd{rf/Ln] Ps cfly{s jif{df Psk6s cfkm\gf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fcg';f/
dgfOg] d'Vo rf8kj{sf] cj;/df e'QmfgL lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] u/L cjsfz k|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] kfpg] Ps dlxgfsf]
lgj[Qe/0f a/fa/sf] /sd rf8kj{ vr{sf] ¿kdf lbOg]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] pkrf/ vr{, czQm j[lQ, c+ue+u ePafkt kfpg] ;'ljwf,
c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f tyf pkbfg, z}lIfs eQf, ;Gtlt j[lQ, lzz' :ofxf/ eQf jf cGo
;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b– ^
cjsfz, pkbfg / lgj[Qe/0f
##= clgjfo{ cjsfzM 145-!_ cG7fpGg jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] jf bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePsf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 :jtM cjsfz kfpg]5 .
146-@_ pkbkmf -!_ nfu" x'g'cl3 #) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'uL Dofb yk eO{ lghfdtL ;]jfdf
axfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ klg %* jif{ pd]/ k"/f gx'Gh]n;Dd lghfdtL ;]jfdf axfn /xg
;Sg]5g\ .
t/ bkmf !& adf]lhd kbfjlw tf]lsPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f]xL bkmfadf]lhd
x'g]5 .

37
147-#_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{ lghn]
k]; u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGd lbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGd lbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf lghn] e/]sf] j}olQms gf]s/L ljj/0f -
l;6/f]n_ df n]lvlbPsf] hGdldlt jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/dWo] h'g pd]/af6 lgh klxn] cjsfz
x'G5 ;f]xL cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .
148#$=cjsfz lbg ;Sg]M g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf cj:yfdf s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6
cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5M–
-s_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] jf cfkm"n] s'g} tl/sfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf]
;/sf/L uf]Ko sfuhft, lnvt jf hfgsf/L s'g} cglws[t JolQm jf lgsfonfO{ lbPdf
jf lbg] k|of; u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-v_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] /fli6«o lxt ljk/Lt s'g} ljb]zL /fi6«, ;+:yf jf gful/s;+u
cjfl~5t ;Dks{ sfod u/L cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] dof{bf ljk/Lt u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ Jojxf/
u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePdf .
149#$s= c;dy{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yfM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]usf]
sf/0faf6 lgoldt ¿kdf ;]jf ug{ c;dy{ 5 egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] d]l8sn af]8{af6 k|dfl0ft
eO{ cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghnfO{ lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf a9Ldf ;ft jif{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L cjsfz
lbg ;Sg]5 .
150#%= :j]lR5s cjsfzM -!_ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yf / pd]/sf] xb krf; jif{ k"/f ePsf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;f]xL ;"rgfdf
plNnlvt ;t{df :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 . o;/L :j]lR5s cjsfz lng] sd{rf/LdWo] ;Djt\ @)$(
;fn sflt{s @! ut]eGbf cl3 lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z ug]{sf] xsdf ;f7L jif{ pd]/ ggf£g] u/L / ;f]
ldlt / ;f]eGbf kl5 lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z ug]]{sf] xsdf cG7fpGg jif{ pd]/ ggf£g] u/L a9Ldf ;ft
jif{;Dd ;]jf cjlw yk u/L lgj[lQe/0fsf] nflu hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
t/ b/aGbL ldnfg x'g g;sL kmflhndf k/]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos gePsf kbdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf 5'§} ;'ljwf / ;t{ tf]sL g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L :j]lR5s
cjsfzsf] nflu lgj]bg dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yf / pd]/sf]
xb krf; jif{ k'u]sf] sd{rf/Ln] :j]lR5s cjsfz lng rfx]df o; P]gadf]lhd Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf

38
bkmf @)s= adf]lhd a9'jf kfpg] ePdf Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L bkmf #& sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf]
;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] eP ;f] ;'ljwf;d]t kfpg] u/L :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 .
#^= pkbfgM -!_ kfFr jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sf] t/ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cjlw gk'u]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
cjsfz kfPdf jf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/fO{ kbaf6 cnu ePdf jf eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ
cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L kbaf6 x6fOPdf b]xfosf] b/n] pkbfg kfpg]5M–
-s_ kfFr jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s
jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L cfwf dlxgfsf] tna,
-v_ bz jif{eGbf a9L kGw| jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] sfd u/]sf]
k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L Ps dlxgfsf] tna,
-u_ kGw| jif{eGbf a9L aL; jif{eGbf sd ;]jf u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] sfd
u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L 8]9 dlxgfsf] tna .
151=====
#&= lgj[Qe/0fM -!_ aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;do;Dd ;/sf/L ;]jf u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
b]xfoadf]lhdsf] lx;fan] dfl;s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5M–
hDdf ;]jf jif{x cflv/L tnasf] /sd

%)
152=====
153-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu clwstd
pd]/ rfnL; jif{ tf]lsPsf] ju{ / kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿ / bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
pDd]bjf/ eO{ lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿ pd]/sf sf/0f clgjfo{ cjsfz x'Fbf lghsf] ;]jf cjlw
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g5 eg] To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a9Ldf b'O{ jif{;Dd ;]jf cjlw
yk u/L lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ of] pkbkmf k|f/De x'g'eGbf cufl8 ;]jf lgj[Q eO;s]sf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
151 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

39
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgj[Qe/0fsf] Go"gtd /sd ;dfg
kbsf] axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tnasf] z'? c+ssf] cfwfeGbf sd 154/ clwstd ;dfg kbsf]
axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tnasf] z'? :s]neGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
155-#_ ;Djt\ @)$( ;fn sflt{s @! ut]eGbf cl3b]lv lghfdtL ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] #) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f ul/;s]sf] eP :j]R5fn] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 . o;/L :j]R5fn]
;]jfaf6 cjsfz lnPsf] jf ;Djt\ @)$( ;fn sflt{s @! ut]eGbf cl3b]lv lghfdtL ;]jfdf axfn
eO{ %* jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] sf/0faf6 bkmf ## adf]lhd :jtM cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
pd]/ ;f7L jif{ k"/f x'g hlt cjlw afFsL 5 ;f] cjlw yk u/L lghsf] hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
156-$_ kGw| jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] ;]jf
cjlwdf a9Ldf kfFr jif{ cjlw yk u/L lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg h'g lng rfxG5 ;f]
/f]h]/ lng lbOg]5 .
-%_ s'g} ;/sf/L kbdf cl3 u/]sf] ;]jfafkt lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf] JolQm kl5 lghfdtL
kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] kl5 u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwdf cl3 u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw hf]8L o; bkmfadf]lhd
lgj[Qe/0f lng kfpg]5 .
157#&s= ;]jf cjlw u0fgf x'g] M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf & sf]
pkbkmf -!$_ adf]lhd :yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L
lbgleq lghn] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfoL lgo'lQm lng'eGbf cl3 u/]sf] ljsf; tk{msf] kbdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf
u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw hf]8fpg lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] ;]jf cjlwsf] ztk|ltzt ;]jf cjlw lgj[Qe/0f jf
pkbfgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu xfnsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g]5 .Æ
#*= lgj[Qe/0fdf j[l4M axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] z'? c+sdf hlt j[l4 ePsf]
5 To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd ;dfg kbsf lgj[Q lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] lgj[Qe/0f /sddf klg yk
ul/g]5 .
158t/ bkmf #(v= adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] k|fjwfg nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
#(= kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f / pkbfgM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf]
;ft jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ jf lghsf] gfafns efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgLnfO{
bkmf #^ jf #& df n]lvPadf]lhd pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f k|fKt x'g]5 .

40
t/ lgj[Qe/0fsf] xsdf o:tf] lgj[Qe/0f ;ft jif{eGbf a9L ;do k|fKt x'g] 5}g . lgj[Qe/0f
kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub}df d[To' ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;ft jif{ k'u]kl5 lgj[Qe/0f
k|fKt x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] JolQm gfafns
/x]5 eg] lgh aflnu geP;Dd To:tf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljw"/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] lghsf] klt jf kTgL ;]jfdf 5Fb}
jf lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' eO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
ePdf ;f] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cjlw e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltb]lv / To:tf] lgj[Qe/0f gkfpg] ePdf jf lghsf]
klt jf kTgLn] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ Joltt eO;s]kl5 d[To' ePsf]df lgh sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ePsf] ldltb]lv hLjge/ lghn] kfpg] lgj[Qe/0fsf] cfwf /sd kfpg]5 .
159t/ To:tf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df lghn] To:tf] lgj[Qe/0f ;'ljwf
kfpg] 5}g .
160-#s_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf jf lghn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df To:tf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfaflnu ;Gtfgn] aflnu geP;Dd To:tf] lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd tf]lsPadf]lhd
kfpg]5 .
-$_ axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] z'? c+sdf hlt j[l4 ePsf]
5, To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ cg';f/ kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf JolQmn]
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-%_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] o; P]gadf]lhd kfpg] s'g} /sd lng gkfpFb} d[To' ePdf
;f] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox¿dWo] o; P]gadf]lhd lghsf] lgj[Qe/0f jf pkbfg kfpg] 7xl/Psf]
JolQmn] lng kfpg]5 .
-^_ lgj[Qe/0f jf pkbfg lb+bf d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo]df
jf cfkm\gf] gfafns efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgL s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmnfO{ / s'g}
sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmn] kfpg g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf jf s;}nfO{ klg gOR5fPsf] ePdf ;f] sd{rf/Lsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo] g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt 7x¥ofPsf] JolQmnfO{ lbOg]5 .
161#(s= a]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f / pkbfgM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xL sfd u/]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L
x/fO{ a]kQf eO{ tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd d/] afFr]sf] kQf gnfu]df To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] bkmf #^ jf #& adf]lhd
kfpg] pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lbOg]5 .

41
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf #& adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f lng
kfpg] JolQm lgj[Qe/0f lng gkfpFb} a]kQf ePdf ;ft jif{;Dd / lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]kl5 a]kQf
ePdf ;ft jif{ k'Ug afFsL cjlw;Dd lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgj[Qe/0fsf] k"/} /sd / ;f] cjlwkl5 klt jf
kTgLnfO{ cfhLjg lgj[Qe/0fsf] cfwf /sd kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f lbOg]5 .
-#_ a]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/L kl5 km]nf k/]df bkmf #^ adf]lhdsf] pkbfg e'QmfgL lbO{
g;s]sf] eP ;f] pkbfg jf bkmf #& adf]lhd kfpg] lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd lghn] bfaL ug{ cfPsf] ldltb]lv
lghnfO{ g} lbOg]5 .
t/ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd e'QmfgL lbO;s]sf] pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f jf kfl/jfl/s
lgj[Qe/0f /sddf kl5 km]nf k/]sf] JolQmn] bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
162#(v= pkbfg / lgj[Qe/0f;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]s]sf] ldlteGbf kl5 lgo'Qm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbfg tyf lgj[Qe/0f lbg] k|of]hgsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5'§} pkbfg tyf lgj[Qe/0f sf]if v8f ug]{5 / To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] dfl;s
tnaaf6 b; k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s§L u/L ;f] /sddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfl;s tnasf] b; k|ltzt
a/fa/sf] /sd yk u/L x'g cfpg] /sd ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .
-@_ bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -!s_, bkmf #$s=, #%, #^, #&, #*, #( / #(s= sf pkbfg
tyf lgj[Qe/0f;DaGwL k|fjwfg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ePkl5 lgo'Qm x'g] sd{rf/Lx¿sf]
xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}gg\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfl;s tnaaf6 s§f eP a/fa/sf] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n]
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tna e'QmfgL ubf{sf] avt pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf %( sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08
-@_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ePsf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] pQm sf]ifdf lghsf] tnaaf6 s§L ul/Psf] s'n /sd / ;f]afkt kfs]sf] Aofh tyf
d'gfkmf;d]t Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf] pkbfg tyf lgj[Qe/0f sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] /sdsf]
Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng, sf]if s§L ug]{ k|lqmof, pkbfg tyf lgj[Qe/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu sf]if s§L /sdsf]
e'QmfgL tyf sf]if s§L;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
163#(u= kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n] v6fPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf åGåsf] sf/0fn] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] kbfjlw aL; jif{eGbf sd /x]5 eg] afFsL cjlw yk u/L lghsf] klt jf
kTgLnfO{ cfhLjg o; P]gadf]lhdsf] lgj[Qe/0f lbOg]5 .

42
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj[Qe/0f k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] bkmf #( adf]lhdsf] kfl/jfl/s
lgj[Qe/0f jf pkbfg kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] JolQmn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df lghn] To:tf]
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ axfnjfnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] ;'? c+sdf hlt j[l4 ePsf]
5 To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO /sd o; bkmfcg';f/ lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf JolQmn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] kfl/jfl/s
lgj[Qe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-%_ o; bkmfadf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf jf lghn] csf]{ ljjfx
u/]df To:tf] lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] gfafns 5f]/f5f]/L eP To:tf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] aflnu
geP;Dd tf]lsPadf]lhd kfpg] 5g\ .
164#(3=ljz]if cfly{s ;'ljwf M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5Fb} d[To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ Ps nfv
krf; xhf/ ?k}of“ Psd'i6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .
$)= tnasf] pNn]vM -!_ o; kl/R5]b / kl/R5]b % df hxfF hxfF tnasf] pNn]v ePsf] 5 To;n] ;DalGwt
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tTsfnsf] tna /sd -tna j[l4;d]t_ nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-@_ bkmf #^ / #& sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcflv/L tnaÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf]
cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ cj:yfsf] tnanfO{ hgfpg]5 / To;/L cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ cj:yfdf s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/L c;fwf/0f labf jf lgnDagdf /x]sf] eP To:tf] cjlwsf] lgldQ klg k"/} tnasf] lx;fa
ul/g]5 .
165$)s= ladf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ladfafkt g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pp6f ;fjlws
hLjg ladf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] dfl;s tnaaf6 b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF s§f u/L pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 / Tolt g} /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] yk u/L ladf+s /sd Ps nfv
?k}ofFsf] aL;jif]{ ;fjlws hLjg ladf ul/lbg]5 . ;f] ladf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sddWo]af6 sd{rf/L
;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbf lghnfO{ ladf+s /sd / af]g; e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /sd s§f ug{ ;'? u/]sf] aL; jif{ cjlw gk'uL s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/n] Ps nfv ?k}ofF kfpg]5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6
clgjfo{ cjsfz ePdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] /sd k|bfg ul/g]5 M–
-s_ Ps jif{eGbf sd cjlwsf] /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf b; xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-v_ Ps jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF,

43
-u_ kfFr jif{b]lv b; jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-3_ b; jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf krxQ/ xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-ª_ aL; jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf Ps nfv ?k}ofF .
t/ lghn] hDdf u/]sf] /sd / ;f]sf] Aofh nfef+z /sd plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L x'g
cfPdf ;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd pQm sf]ifaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /sd hDdf ug{ ;'? u/]sf] aL; jif{
gk'uL clgjfo{ cjsfz ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dk{0f d"No a/fa/sf] /sd pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 cjsfz
x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;fjlws hLjg ladfafkt hDdf u/]sf] /sd aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf sd cjlwdf kl/kSj
x'g] u/L lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;f]afkt g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} /sd Joxf]g]{ 5}g .
-^_ ;fjlws hLjg ladf sf]if;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
166$)v= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, cfof]u jf ;lrjfnon]
cfkm\gf] dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf k7fpgsf] nflu k|To]s jif{ ;f]
;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0f k|fKt ePkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] cWoog,
tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] nflu ljifout cfwf/df ;+Vof ls6fg u/L To;sf] ljj/0f /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]udf k7fpg'kg]{5 .
167=æ-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfodf k|fKt
ePsf cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f ;DjGwL cj;/ g]kfn Aoj:yflksf–;+;b ;]jf, g]kfn :jf:Yo
;]jf nufot ;j} ;]jfnfO{ Goflos tj/n] jfF8kmfF8 ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg] 5 M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj
–cWoIf
-v_cy{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj
–;b:o
-u_sfg"g, Gofo, ;ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf] ;lrj –;b:o
-3_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrj
–;b:o

44
-ª_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj
–;b:o ;lrjÆ
168æ-#s=_pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt cWoog tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f ;DjGwL cj;/
jfF8kmfF8 ;DjGwdf ePsf] sfd sf/jfxL ;DjGwL aflif{s k|ltj]bg Aoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] /fHo Aoj:yf
;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .Æ
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/sf] cj;/x¿sf] ljt/0f ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnon] ug]{5 .
169æ-$s=_ o; bkmf adf]lhd a}b]lzs cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] sd{rf/Ln]
To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f ;DkGg u/]kl5 ;f] ;DjGwL k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ cfˆgf] sfof{nodf
k]z ug'{kg]{5 .Æ
-%_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf dgf]gog ug]{ ;DaGwL cfwf/x¿ tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
170$)u= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug'{kg]{ cjlwM g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dgf]gogdf
cWoog ug]{, tflnd lng] jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf
cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg'eGbf cl3 sfo{/t /x]sf] dGqfno
jf sfof{nodf o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd clgjfo{ ¿kn] ;]jf ug'{kg]{5M–
cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] cjlw ;]jf ug'{kg]{ Go"gtd cjlw
-s_ tLg dlxgf;Dd Ps jif{
-v_ tLg dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd 8]9 jif{
-u_ 5 dlxgfb]lv gf} dlxgf;Dd b'O{ jif{
-3_ gf} dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd tLg jif{
-ª_ Ps jif{b]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd rf/ jif{
-r_ b'O{ jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd kfFr jif{
-5_ tLg jif{b]lv rf/ jif{;Dd ;ft jif{
-h_ rf/ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd cf7 jif{
171$)3= sa'lnot ug'{kg]{M -!_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L dgf]gogdf cWoog ug{, tflnd lng
jf cWoog e|d0f ug{ hfg'eGbf cl3 To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cwoog e|d0f k"/f u/L kms]{/ cfO{ bkmf
$)u= adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ug]{ sa'lnot ug'{kg]{5 .

45
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;/sf/L dgf]gogdf uPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog,
tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug{ gcfPdf jf bkmf $)u= adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f
gu/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f cjlwe/ lghn] kfPsf] tna,eQf lghn]
k|fKt u/]sf] 5fqj[lQ /sd tyf sa'lnotdf pNn]v ePsf cGo /sdx¿;d]t tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
ga'emfPdf ;/sf/L afFsL;/x c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .
-#_ clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{ lghL k|of;df uPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog,
tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf JotLt u/]sf] cjlw a/fa/
;]jf ug]{ sa'lnot ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd cWoog ug{ uPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tflnd
jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug{ gcfPdf jf ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] cWoog,
tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvP tfklg cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf
uPsf] sd{rf/L clgjfo{ cjsfz ePsf] jf d[To' ePsf] sf/0fn] bkmf $)u= adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f
ug{ g;s]df lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/af6 s'g} /sd c;'npk/ ul/g] 5}g .
kl/R5]b– &
cfr/0f
$!= ;do kfng / lgoldttfM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgwf{l/t ;dodf lgoldt ¿kn]
sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g'kb{5 / ;s];Dd klxn] labfsf] :jLs[lt glnO{ sfdaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g' x'Fb}g .
$@= cg'zf;g / cf1fkfngM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gdf /xL cfkm\gf] st{Jo OdfGbf/L / tTk/tfsf]
;fy kfng ug'{kb{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L sfd;DaGwL s'/fdf cfkm"eGbf dflysf] clws[tn]
lbPsf cf1fnfO{ zL3|tfsf ;fy k"/f ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"eGbf dflysf ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿k|lt plrt cfb/
b]vfpg'kg]{5 / cfkm"d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx¿k|lt plrt Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{5 .
$#= /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ gx'g]M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;]jf;DaGwL s'/fdf
dtna ;fWo ug]{ dg;fon] cGo sd{rf/Ldfly s'g} /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ jf k|efj kfg]{
k|oTg ug'{ x'Fb}g .
$$= /fhgLltdf efu lng gx'g]M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] /fhgLltdf efu lng' x'Fb}g .
$%= ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gx'g]M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/ / hgtfsf]
kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdf jf s'g} ljb]zL /fi6«;+usf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] jf:tljs jf sfNklgs gfdaf6 jf a]gfdL s'g} n]v k|sflzt ug{, k|];nfO{ s'g} va/
46
lbg, /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehg cflbåf/f efif0f k|;fl/t ug{, s'g} ;fj{hlgs efif0f lbg jf s'g} jQmJo
k|sflzt ug{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg"g / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
gLltsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L n]v k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
$^= ;/sf/L sfdsfh;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfz ug{df k|ltaGwM s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f
clVtof/ gkfO{ cfkm"n] ;/sf/L st{Jo kfng ubf{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'g} uf]Ko jf sfg"gåf/f lgif]lwt
ljifo cfkm"n] n]v]sf] jf ;+sng u/]sf] s'g} sfuhkq jf ;dfrf/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kaf6 c¿
cglws[t sd{rf/L jf u}/;/sf/L JolQm jf k|];nfO{ lbg' jf atfpg' x'Fb}g . of] k|ltaGw h'g;'s} sf/0faf6
;/sf/L ;]jfdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" /xg]5 .
$&= bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflb k|fKt ug{ / ;fk6L lngdf k|ltaGwM -!_ ;/sf/L sfddf s'g} klg k|sf/n] c;/
kg{ ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lagf cfkm"n] jf cfkm\gf]
kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:oåf/f s;}af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] bfg, bftJo, sf];]nL jf pkxf/ :jLsf/ ug{ jf rGbf
dfUg jf ;/sf/L sfd;+u ;DalGwt JolQm;+u ;fk6L lng x'Fb}g .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/sf] s'g} k|ltlglwaf6 s'g}
pkxf/ k|fKt x'g cfPdf lghn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ lgsf;f ePadf]lhd ug'{k5{ .
$*= sDkgLsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ gx'g]M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ b]xfosf] sfd ug'{ x'Fb}gM–
-s_ s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, /lhi6«]zg jf ;~rfngsf] sfddf efu lng,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd btf{ u/fpg'kg]{ s'g} Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo ug{,
172===
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gLlt ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L ;flxlTos, j}1flgs jf snfTds sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$(= lgjf{rgdf efu lng gx'g]M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbsf] nflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf efu
lng jf s;}sf] lgldQ dt dfUg jf s'g} k|sf/sf] k|efj kfg{ x'Fb}g .
t/ s;nfO{ dt lbPsf] jf lbg] ljrf/ u/]sf] s'/f k|s6 gu/L k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cfkm"n]
kfPsf] dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
173……$(s=cGoq gf]s/L jf ;]jf ug{ gx'g]M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cGoqs'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L ug{ jf cfly{s
nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{] u/L k/fdz{bftf, ;Nnfxsf/, ljz]if1 jf s'g} x}l;otn] ;]jf k|bfg ug{]
sfo{ ug'{ x'Fb}g .

47
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] sfo{ ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg]
5}g–
-s_ cfkm\gf] kbLo st{Jo kfngfsf] jf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] jf nufPsf] sfo{
ubf{sf] l;nl;nfdf s;}nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cWoog ljbf lnO{ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog
ubf{sf] avt ;DalGwt z}lIfs ;+:yfdf s'g} ;]jf k'¥ofpg jf To:tf] ;+:yfn] nufPsf]
s'g} sfo{ ug{,
-u_ /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o z}lIfs, k|fl1s jf cg';Gwfgd"ns ;+3;+:yf jf g]kfn ;b:o
/fi6« /x]sf] If]qLo jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfsf] ;]jf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xsf]
nflu pkof]uL x'g] b]vL clVtof/jfnfn] labf jf sfh :jLs[t u/]sf]df ;DalGwt
lgsfodf ;]jf ug{,
-3_ clVtof/jfnfsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L :jb]z jf
ljb]zl:yt sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g, k|jrg lbg jf sfo{kq k|:t't ug{,
-ª_ clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf z}lIfs, k|fl1s
jf k|lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|lzIf0f jf cg';Gwfg ug{,
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f ;~rflnt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj jf
lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] k|lzIf0f ;+:yfdf sfof{nosf] sfddf jfwf gkg]{ ul/ k|lzIf0f
;DjlGw sfo{ jf cg';Gwfg ug{,
-5_ sfof{nosf] sfddf jfwf gkg]{ u/L dfgj sNof0f, k/f]ksf/ jf ;fdflhs enfO{sf
nflu ;]jf k'¥ofpg,
-h_ cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf glng], sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
clxt gx'g] u/L cfkm\gf] k]zfut ;+u7g jf cGo s'g} ;fdflhs ;+:yfdf cfa4 x'g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ……;fdflhs ;+:yfÚÚ eGgfn] ;fdflhs cfjZostf
k"/f ug{] l;nl;nfdf k/Dk/f b]vL ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t eO{ ;dfhdf lqmoflzn /x]sf
;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf ;flxTo,
snf, ;+:s[lt, v]ns'b, ;+uLt, lj1fg, wd{ jf o:t} cGo s'g} ljwf jf If]q;Fu ;DalGwt
;+:yfnfO{ ;d]t hGffpF5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf ;fj{hlgs
lgosfaf6 kbk'lt{sf nflu lnOg] k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] k|s[ofdf ;+DnUg x'g] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmddf k|lzIf0f lbg / To:tf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf k|lzIf0f lbPsf] AoflQmn] To;kl5 Psaif{ ;Dd
;~rfng x'g] To:tf] k/LIffsf] k|s[ofdf ;+nUg x'g kfFpg] 5}g .ÚÚ
48
174$(v=:yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng gx'g]M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng jf To:tf]
cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg x'Fb}g .ÚÚ
%)= k|bz{g / x8tfn ug{ k|ltaGwM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf cfFr
cfpg] u/L, b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iff, j}b]lzs ;DaGw / ;fj{hlgs dof{bf tyf cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] cjx]ngf
x'g] u/L, ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ju{, If]q / ;Dk|bfosf dflg;x¿aLr j}dgio pTkGg u/fpg] jf
;fDk|bflos b'ef{jgf km}nfpg] u/L jf s'g} ck/fwnfO{ k|>o x'g] u/L k|bz{g ug{, x8tfndf efu lng jf
;f] sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon] c¿nfO{ pS;fpg;d]t x'Fb}g .
%!= x8tfn, y'g5]s tyf 3]/fp ug{df k|ltaGwM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg sfof{no jf clws[tsf]
sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t st{Jo k"/f ug{df afwf lj/f]w x'g] u/L x8tfn jf snd aGb ug{ tyf zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s pTkL8g x'g] u/L bafj lbg jf ;f] ug]{ p2]Zon] c¿nfO{ pS;fg;d]t x'Fb}g .
175%@= k|ltlglwTj ug{df k|ltaGwM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifodf cfkm}+n] jf jf/];åf/f
;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/L;dIf lgj]bg lbgafx]s c¿ JolQm jf ;d"xsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug{
x'Fb}g .
t/ bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ul7t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf]
tkm{af6 ul/g] k|ltlglwTj / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kbLo bfloTjsf] cfwf/df ug'{kg]{ s'g} sfo{ ug{df o;
bkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
176%#= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 6«]8 o'lgog;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] o; P]gsf] cwLgdf
/xL 6«]8 o'lgog u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 6«]8 o'lgog u7g ubf{ b]xfosf] ljifodf b]xfoadf]lhdsf]
Joj:yf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M–
-s_ sfof{no k|d'v eO{ sfd ug'{kg]{ /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/Lafx]s /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fL jf
;f]eGbf d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfkm\gf] k];fut xs lxtsf nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogx¿ u7g u/L ;b:otf lng ;Sg]5g\ .
-v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf] btf{ >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefudf x'g]5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox¿n]
5gf}6 u/]sf kbflwsf/Lx¿ /xg] u/L Ps lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog
u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

49
-v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lhNnf:t/, ljefuLo:t/ / /fli6«o:t/df
cfkm\gf] k];fut dfux¿ ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't u/L ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd"lxs
;f}bfjfhL ug{ kfpg]5 . lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog u7g gePsf]
cj:yfdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf 6«]8 o'lgog ;+3x¿n]
cfk;df ;xdlt u/L ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
-u_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g u/L lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L / ultzLn
agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /rgfTds ;'emfj / ;xof]u ug'{ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd
ul7t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogn] e]nf, tflnd, k|lzIf0f, uf]i7Lnufotsf /rgfTds
Pj+ l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-u_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgognfO{ dxf;+3 u7g ug]{, To;sf] ;b:o aGg], cGt/f{li6«o
;+3 jf dxf;+3sf] ;b:o aGg] / cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ clwsf/
x'g]5 .
-%_ lghfdtL ;]jf;+u ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lng ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogx¿ / cflwsfl/s
6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Laf6 cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q cg's"n :yfgdf ;?jfsf] dfu ePdf clVtof/jfnfn] ;f]
cg's"n x'g] u/L ;?jf ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd ul7t /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf s]Gb|Lo
kbflwsf/Lx¿ / ;b:ox¿nfO{ o'lgog;DaGwL :jb]zL tyf j}b]lzs ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, clwj]zg,
;+u7g;DaGwL sfo{ cflb sfo{qmddf efu lngsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ u/L Ps
jif{df a9Ldf tL; lbg;Ddsf] sfhsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf] btf{, ;f];DaGwL ;t{, k|lqmof / cGo Joj:yf
%$= ;DklQ ljj/0fM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f lbg'kg]{5 .
177%$s=oftgf lbg gx'g]M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s;}nfO{ klg oftgf lbg' x'Fb}g .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ / 3/]n' lx+;f;DaGwL sfo{ ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
50
178%$v=cGo cfr/0fM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf sfd ubf{ ;a}k|lt lzi6 Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{no tyf kbcg';f/ cfOkg]{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{
dof{bfk"j{s axg u/L lgikIf, :jR5 tyf l56f] 5l/tf] ¿kdf sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] k|of]u jf pkof]u 3/fo;L sfo{sf]
nflu ug{ x'Fb}g .
-$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L /fh:jaf6 tna, eQf vfg] u/L lgo'Qm ePsf] s'g}
klg ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{nosf] sfddf afx]s cfkm\gf] 3/fo;L sfddf nufpg' x'Fb}g .
179%$u=;]jfu|fxLk|ltsf] Jojxf/M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jfu|fxLk|lt dof{lbt
Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ ;]jfu|fxLsf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo, k|lqmof / sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ nfUg]
;do;d]tsf] :ki6 hfgsf/L ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ oyf;dodf u/fpg'kg]{5 .
%%= cfkm\gf] ;]jf / kbcg';f/sf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{kg]{M k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;]jf / kb
cg's"nsf] cfr/0f;d]t kfng ug'{kg]{5 .
180%%s= r]tfjfgL lbg ;Sg]M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;do kfng gu/]df, ;/sf/L sfd;DaGwL s'/fdf
cfkm"eGbf dflysf] sd{rf/Ln] lbPsf] cf1f kfng gu/]df jf sfof{no;DaGwL sfddf nfk/afxL jf
l9nf;':tL u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] sf/0f vf]nL r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f]sf]
clen]v ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmfOndf /fVg'kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b– *
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff
%^= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/IffM b]xfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lafx]s cGo s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
;kmfOsf] ;a"t lbg] dgfl;a dflkmssf] df}sf glbO{ lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 x6fOg] jf avf{:t ul/g] 5}gM–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf],
-v_ DofbL kbdf axfn /x]sf],
-u_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ ;Dej gePsf] kof{Kt cfwf/ ePsf] .
181-3_ e|i6frf/ cf/f]kdf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Psf] .
%&= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] arfpM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfng ;DemL u/]sf] s'g}
;/sf/L sfdsf] ;DaGwdf lghpk/ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ d'2f rNg ;Sg] 5}g .

51
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lpk/ d'2f rnfpgsf] nflu kmf}hbf/L
d'2fsf] xsdf clVtof/jfnfsf] cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 / b]jfgL d'2fsf] xsdf b]xfoadf]lhd ePsf]
x'g'kg]{5M–
-s_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f tyf jfbLsf] / lghsf] jf/]; ePdf To:tf] jf/];sf] gfd / 7]ufgf
vf]nL lnlvt ;"rgf clVtof/jfnfnfO{ jf ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfPsf]
jf x'nfsåf/f /lhi6/L u/L k7fPsf] / To;sf] Psk|lt gSsn g]kfn ;/sf/df k]z
ePsf] b'O{ dlxgf gf3]sf] .
-v_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f ePsf] cf7 dlxgfleq d'2f bfo/ ul/;s]sf] .
-#_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L axfn 5Fbf cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf
u/]sf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf axfn 6'l6;s]kl5 klg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt geO{ lghpk/ d'2f rNg ;Sg]
5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt lbPdf lghsf] k|lt/Iff
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .
%*= ;]jf zt{sf] ;'/IffM s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] lgo'lQm x'Fbf tTsfn nfu" /x]sf] tna, pkbfg,
lgj[Qe/0f / cGo ;'ljwf;DaGwL ;]jfsf zt{x¿df lghsf] :jLs[lt a]u/ lghnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L
kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g . kl5 x'g] ;+zf]wgn] To:tf] ;+zf]wg x'g' cufj} axfn /x]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
pko'{Qm ;]jfsf zt{x¿df s'g} k|sf/n] k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;+zf]lwt Joj:yfadf]lhd ug{
dGh"/ u/]sf] lnlvt :jLs[lt geO{ To:tf] Joj:yf lghsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
kl/R5]b– (
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg
%(= ;hfoM plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ePdf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] 182ljefuLo ;hfo ug{
;lsg]5M–
183-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfoM
-!_ gl;xt lbg],
-@_ b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{,
-#_ b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{b]lv kfFr tna j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ .
-v_ ljz]if ;hfoM

52
-!_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
-@_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ug]{ .
184^)=gl;xt lbg] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna j[l4 jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ gl;xt lbg] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{
;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5M–
-s_ lghn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd a/a'emf/y gu/]df,
-u_ bkmf %%s= adf]lhd Ps jif{df b'O{ k6s;Dd lnlvt r]tfjgL kfPdf,
-3_ of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] kbLo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s k"/f gu/]df,
-ª_ ;]jfu|fxLsf] kL/dsf{ / ph'/L k6s–k6s a]jf:tf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf]
clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df,
-r_ sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" ug]{ u/fpg] bfloTj ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;f] sfo{ gu/]df .
185^)s= b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{b]lv kfFr tna j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ M b]xfosf]
s'g} cj:yfdf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{b]lv kfFr tna
j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5M–
-s_ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,
-v_ of] P]g / o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿df plNnlvt cfr/0f;DaGwL s'/fx¿ pNn+3g
u/]df,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd k]:sL km5\of}{6 gu/]df,
-3_ Joj:yfkg k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf clgoldttf ;DaGwdf lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df,
-ª_ k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt /x]df .
186……-r_ bkmf $(s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L ug]{
jf cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ ul/ k/fdz{bftf, ;Nnfxsf/, laz]if1 jf s'g}
x}l;otn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ u/]df .ÚÚ
^!= ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf a/vf:t ug]{M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf ;/sf/L
;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5M–
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cof]Uotfsf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] kbsf] sfd jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{
g;s]df .
-v_ cfr/0f;DaGwL s'/f a/fa/ pNn+3g u/]df .

53
-u_ sfof{nosf] ;dodf a/fa/ dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg u/]df .
-3_ a/fa/ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df .
-ª_ /fhgLltdf efu lnPdf .
-r_ cfkm\gf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] a/fa/ a]jf:tf u/]df .
-5_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ gAa] lbg;Dd cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt /x]df .
187……-h_ dgfl;j sf/0f eO{ labf :jLs[t u/fPsf]df jfx]s j}b]lzs cWoog, tflnd
jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog
e|d0f k"/f u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf xflh/ gePdf .ÚÚ
188……-em_ bkmf $(s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L
ug]{ jf cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ ul/ k/fdz{bftf, ;Nnfxsf/, laz]if1
jf s'g} x}l;otn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ u/]df .
t/ of] v08 k|f/De x'g' cufj} bkmf $(s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s
cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] v08 k|f/De
ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq To:tf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf 5f]8]sf] k|df0f;lxt lgj]bg
lbPdf lghnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ul/g]5}g .ÚÚ
189……-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / bkmf ^)s= sf] v08 -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf]
lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/g]5 M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Pdf .
-v_ e|i6frf/ u/]df .
-u_ :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPdf jf ;f]sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPdf .
-3_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'g] jf axfn /xg] p2]Zon] gful/stf, pd]/ jf
of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf .ÚÚ
190^!s= ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* adf]lhd ;f] cfof]uaf6 / k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfon] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ n]vL cfPdf
cfjZos k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ ;f]xLadf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{kg]{5 .

54
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf $! ljk/Lt labf glnO{
cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s§L ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L uon
ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/
gAa] lbgeGbf a9L cjlw cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ uon s§L u/L xflh/ u/fpg ;lsg] 5}g . xflh/
u/fPdf To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ bkmf ^) adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 / To;/L xflh/
u/fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf] tna, eQf;d]t To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL;/x
c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .
191……^!v=:jo+ 3f]if0ff u/L ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{M -!_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cl3 :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf]
jf To:tf] cg'dltsf nlfu cfj]bg lbPsf] k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
;f]sf] :jo+ 3f]if0ff u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f cfkm" sfo{/t sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfˆgf] gfd, y/, ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x / xfnsf] kb .
-v_ :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] eP ;f] lnPsf] jf To:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu
cfj]bg lbPsf] eP ;f] sf] ldlt .
-u_ ;DalGwt ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gfd .
-3_ cfkm"n] lnPsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt kl/Tofu ug{ jf To:tf] cg'dltsf] nflu lbPsf]
cfj]bg /2 u/fpg OR5's eP gePsf] .
-@_s'g} lghfdtLsd{rf/lsf] ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgLn] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] ePdf
of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm' sfo{/t sfof{nodf
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePkl5 ;DjlGwt sfof{non] ;f] sf] ljj/0f
k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
192…^!u=hfgsf/L lbg ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf $(v ljkl/t s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt
lnPsf] hfgsf/L s;}nfO{ k|fKt ePdf To:tf] AoflQmn] ;f] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t
sfof{no jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L s'g} sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g cfPdf ;DjlGwt sfof{non]
To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd jf cGo s'g} >f]taf6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL
cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] jf ;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g

55
dGqfnon] bkmf ^!v= sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw Aoltt ePkl5 To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]
;DjGwdf 5fgljg ug{ laefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ n]lv k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd n]lv cfPdf laefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf tLg lbgleq 5fgjLg k|f/De u/L +;f]sf] hfgsf/L oyfl;3| ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd 5fgljg ubf{ laefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfno jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfo;+u s'g} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L jf ;xof]u dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
hfgsf/L jf ;xof]u pknJw u/fpg' ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd 5fgljg / sf/jfxL ubf{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjfl;o
cg'dlt lnPsf] jf ;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] b]lvPdf lghnfO{ tLg dlxgfleq k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] k|s[of k'/f u/L o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L kGw|lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnodf lbg' kg]{5 .
193^!3=;hfo gx'g] M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of] bkmf k|f/De x'g'eGbf
tTsfn cl3 sfod /x]sf] bkmf $* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd k'j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cGoq s'g}
k|sf/sf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbg
leq To:tf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf 5f8]sf] k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf lghnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] 5}g
.
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cl3 :yfoL
cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] jf ;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] s'/f :jLsf/ u/L
of] bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;f7Llbg leq cfkm'n] k|fKt u/]sf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt Tofu]sf] jf
To:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbPsf] cfj]bg /2 ug{sf] nflu ;DjlGwt d'n'sdf lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]sf]
k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] 5}g .ÚÚ
194^@=ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/L M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf %( sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhdsf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 M
-s_ /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL / ;f]eGbf dflysf] kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/,
-v_ /fhkqf+lst låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgh sfo{/t lgsfosf]
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clwsf/L,
-u_ /fhkq cg+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgh sfo{/t sfof{nosf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf
/fhkqf+lst sfof{no k|d'v .

56
-@_ bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/L tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
195^#=ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ ;'Dkg ;Sg]M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L bkmf
^@ adf]lhd ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] s'g} clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln]
tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
^$= lgnDag ug]{M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf bkmf ^! df n]lvPsf] s'g} cleof]usf] hfFra'em
ug'{k/]df hfFra'em ;dfKt gx'Gh]n;Dd pQm sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ b]xfosf] cj:yf geO{ ;fwf/0ftof lgnDag ul/g] 5}gM–
-s_ lgnDag gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf em'¶f ;a"t k|df0f ;+sng ug{ ;Sg] jf cfkm\gf]
lj?4sf] ;a"t k|df0f ufoa ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf jf
-v_ lgnDag gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf ;/sf/L xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf a/vf:t ug]{ cleof]usf] ;"rgf lbg'sf]
;fy} lghnfO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ubf{ ;fwf/0ftM b'O{
dlxgfeGbf a9L ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;f] cjlwleq} sd{rf/Lpk/sf] sf/afxL lsgf/f nufpg'kg]{ 5 . s'g} c;fwf/0f
cj:yf k/L pQm cjlwleq sf/afxL lsgf/f nufpg g;lsg] eO{ lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg'k/]df
clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf lu/km\tf/ eO{ y'lgPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L
To;/L y'lgPsf] cjlwe/ :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5 .
^%= lgnDagsf] ;dflKtM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfkm\gf] kbdf k'gM :yflkt ePdf 196jf bkmf ^$ sf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f ePdf jf ;]jfaf6 x6fOPdf jf a/vf:t ul/Pdf lghsf] lgnDag
;dfKt x'g]5 .
^^= ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{M -!_ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
;hfo lbg] cfb]z lbg'eGbf cl3 sf/afxL ug{ nfluPsf] sf/0fsf] pNn]v u/L ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt
Dofb lbO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{ 5 . o;/L df}sf lb+bf lghdfly nufOPsf] cf/f]k :ki6
¿kn] lsl6Psf] / k|To]s cf/f]k s'g–s'g s'/f / sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg'kg]{ 5 . To:tf]df
;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] klg Dofbleq cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 / o;/L k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfOnfO{
;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] uDeL/tfk"j{s dgg ug'{kg]{ 5 .

57
-@_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos 7fg]df :jo+ jf s'g} cGo
clws[tåf/f hfFra'em u/fpg ;Sg]5 . hfFra'em ug]{ clws[tn] tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlwsf] kfng ug'{kg]{ 5 .
^&= ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] ;hfo k|:tfj ug'{kg]{M ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn]
ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] bkmf ^^ adf]lhd ;kmfO k]z ug{ lbOPsf] Dofbleq
;kmfO k]z gu/]df jf k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg
nfluPsf] k|:tfljt ;hfo lsg glbg' egL To; ;DaGwdf plrt Dofb lbO{ :ki6Ls/0f dfUg'kg]{ 5 .
^*= nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'kg]{M ljefuLo ;hfosf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf ;DalGwt lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] bkmf ^^ adf]lhd lbPsf] ;kmfO jf bkmf ^& adf]lhd lbPsf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs geO{
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug'{kg]{ b]lvPdf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;f]
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg nfluPsf] ;hfo k|:tfj u/L nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'kg]{ 5 .
^(= k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] u7g / sfd, st{JoM -!_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln]
=========197 lbPsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zpk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf GofofwLz eO/x]sf]
jf eO;s]sf] jf x'g] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmsf] cWoIftfdf tf]lsPadf]lhd k|zf;sLo cbfnt u7g x'g]5 .
198-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt
bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]zpk/sf] k'g/fj]bg s'g} clwsf/L;dIf btf{ eO{ km5\of}{6
x'g afFsL /x]sf]df To:tf] k'g/fj]bg h'g clwsf/L;dIf btf{ ePsf] 5, ;f]xL clwsf/Laf6 clGtd lsgf/f
nufpg'kg]{5 .
-@_ k|zf;sLo cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf o; bkmfadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/f
nfu]kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k lghsf] ;]jf k'gM :yflkt x'g] ePdf ;f] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn]
tLg dlxgfleq lgh pkl:yt x'g gcfPdf lghsf] gf]s/L yfldlbg s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-$_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / ;f] cbfntn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/If]q k|of]u
ubf{ jf cfkm\gf] cGo sfd sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ k'g/fj]bsn] rfx]df cfkm} jf jfl/;åf/f tfl/vdf a:g / sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f ax;
k}/jL u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
&)= lg0f{odf c;/ gkg]{M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf of] P]g jf o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf
lgodx¿adf]lhd clVtof/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] sf/afxLdf tflTjs c;/ gkg]{ ;fgf] ltgf] q'l6af6
lg0f{odf c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

58
kl/R5]b– !)
ljljw
&!= lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] labfM lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿n] b]xfosf labfx¿ tf]lsPadf]lhd kfpg] 5g\M–
-s_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf,
-v_ 3/ labf,
-u_ la/fdL labf
-3_ k|;"lt labf,
199-3!_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf
-ª_ lsl/of labf,
-r_ cWoog labf,
-5_c;fwf/0f labf
200&!s=a]tnaL labf M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgL ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; jf s'g}
lgof]udf vl6O{ uPdf To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] tf]lsPadf]lhd a]tnaL labf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] labfsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
201……&!v= ;~ro sf]if / aLdf afx]s cGo s'g} ;'ljwf gkfpg]M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg bkmf ^! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] bkmf #!
adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] /sd / bkmf $)s= adf]lhdsf] aLdf afx]s o; P]g adf]lhdsf]
cGo s'g} klg ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ bkmf ^!v=sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] laa/0faf6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;uf]nsf]
klt jf kTgLn] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPdf :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] To:tf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] bkmf #! adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] /sd / bkmf $)s=
adf]lhdsf] jLdf afx]s o; P]g adf]lhdsf] cGo s'g} klg ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .ÚÚ
&@= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM -!_202 g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]gadf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/x¿ g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf clwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L
k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ P]gadf]lhd k|fKt clwsf/x¿ o; P]gafx]s cGo P]gaf6 k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ o; P]gadf]lhd s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ cfkm\gf] ;fdfGo /]vb]vdf /xL
k|of]u ug]{ u/L lghn] cfkm"d'lgsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

59
203&@s=Joj:yfkg k/LIf0fM nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] sfo{If]qleqsf ljifox¿ afx]s ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox¿df sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g tyf cGo k|zf;sLo
lgod / sfo{ljlwx¿ kfng u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg u/L lgb]{zg lbg /
To;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lpk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ b]lvPdf ;f] ;d]t l;kmfl/;
ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f]sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
204&#=lghfdtL ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf tna / eQf kfpg]M -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghfdtL
;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbg], x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]z cbfntaf6 /2 eO{ lgh lghfdtL
;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOPsf], x6fOPsf] jf avf{:t
ul/Psf] ldltb]lv lghfdtL ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] tna, eQf rf8kj{ vr{205 / tna
j[l4 kfpg] eP ;f] ;d]t kfpg]5 .
-@_ ;Djt\ @)%) ;fn h]7 $ ut] cl3 lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOPsf], x6fOPsf]
jf avf{:t ul/Psf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] ldlt kZrft\ ePsf] cbfntsf] cfb]zåf/f lghfdtL ;]jfdf
k'gM sfod ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] klg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tna, eQf rf8kj{ vr{206 / tna j[l4
kfpg]5 .
207&#s= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kL/dsf{, u'gf;f] / ;'g'jfOsf] Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] o; P]g
jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cGoq ph'/L jf k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s of] P]g / o;
P]gcGtu{t ag]sf] lgodadf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf ;]jf, ;t{, ;'ljwf / sd{rf/L;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] s'g} klg
ljifodf cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 5 eGg] nfu]df jf ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFbf
klg sf/afxL gePdf lghn] cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf] kL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] tf]lsPsf] lgsfo;dIf tf]lsPadf]lhd
/fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kL/dsf{, u'gf;f] / ;'g'jfO;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
208&#v= sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfngM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf axfnjfnf sd{rf/L, cjsfz
k|fKt JolQm / lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] sNof0fsf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if :yfkgf
ug{ ;lsg]5 .

60
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yflkt sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
209&#u=/fhk|f;fb ;]jfsf sd{rf/L;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt /fhk|f;fb ;]jfdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿sf] k|zf;g / Joj:yfkg 5'§} lgodfjnLåf/f ul/g]5 .
-@_ /fhk|f;fb ;]jf P]g, @)@( / ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿ vf/]h ul/Psf 5g\ .
&$= a/a'emf/y ug'{kg]M{ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] a'emfpg'kg]{ gubL, lhG;L jf sfuhft tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg'kg]{ 5 / a'‰g'kg]{n] klg ;f]xL Dofbleq a'emL lng'kg]{ 5 .
&%= lgod agfpg] clwsf/M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;a} lghfdtL
;]jfx¿df ;fdfGo ¿kn] nfu" x'g] jf a]Unfa]Un} ;]jf jf ;d"xsf] nflu k[ys ¿kn] nfu" x'g] lgodx¿
agfpg ;Sg]5 .
&^= vf/]hL / arfpM -!_ g]kfn lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)!# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ g]kfn lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)!# / ;f] P]gcGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿adf]lhd ul/Psf
sfd sf/afxLx¿ o;} P]gadf]lhd eP u/]sf dflgg] 5g\ .
61

निजामती सेवा ऐन २०४९

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निजामती सेवा ऐन २०४९

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lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(

nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt

@)%) ;fnsf] P]g g=@

1 of] P]g ;Djt @)^$ ;fn >fj0f ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .

16$=>]0fLM lghfdtL ;]jfdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf >]0fLx¿ /xg]5g\M–

29 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

35 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

41 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

46 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

49 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

56 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

83 Rff}yf] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

101 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

105 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

109 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

-!)_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

112 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

117 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

125 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

128 t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

129 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

130 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

134 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

138 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

144 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

147 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

hDdf ;]jf jif{x cflv/L tnasf] /sd

151 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

154 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

159 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

162 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

164 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

166 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

168 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

172 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

174 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

177 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

178 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

182 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

184 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

187 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

191 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

193 Rff}yf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

195 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

197 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

199 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

203 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

209 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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