Group B5

Lipids: Function,
Structure, and Formation
General Chemistry
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
WHAT ARE LIPIDS? FUNCTIONS OF
LIPIDS

03 04
STRUCTURE OF FORMATION OF
LIPIDS LIPIDS
01
WHAT ARE
LIPIDS?
WHAT ARE LIPIDS?

LIPIDS
Lipids are any various
organic compounds that are
insoluble in water.
CHARACTERISTICS
- NOT POLYMERS

- FATTY ACIDS
(MONOMERS/BUILDING
BLOCKS)

- MOSTLY COMPOSED OF
CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND
OXYGEN
 FATS

LIPIDS INCLUDE: WAXES

OILS

HORMONES

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

STEROIDS

CERTAIN COMPONENTS
OF MEMBRANES
02
FUNCTIONS
OF LIPIDS
 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

01 02 03
ENERGY STORAGE FOR STRUCTURAL
SOURCES IN THE ENERGY IN THE COMPONENTS
FORM OF FAT FORM OF FAT IN CELL
CELLS CELLS MEMBRANES
 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

04 05 06
REGULATE CHEMICAL REGULATE
FLOW OF MESSENGERS CRITICAL
WATER, IONS, BETWEEN BODY BIOLOGICAL
AND OTHER TISSUES PROCESSES
MOLECULES
 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

07 08 09
VITAMIN SHOCK INSULATE BODY
ABSORPTION ABSORBER TO FROM
AND PROTECT VITAL TEMPERATURE
TRANSPORTATI ORGANS EXTREMES
ON
03
STRUCTURE
OF LIPIDS
BASIC STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS

POLAR HEAD NON POLAR

HYDROCARBON
CHAIN
 STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS

FATS SATURATED UNSATURATED

(TRIGLYCERIDES) FATS FATS
3 fatty acids - All C bonded to H At least one C=C
chains linked to - No C=C double bonds double bonds in the
- Long, straight chain fatty acids
glycerol
 STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS

PHOSPHOLIPIDS STEROIDS WAXES

2 fatty acid esters made of

chains + 4 fused Carbon rings long-chain alcohol and
phospholipid a fatty acid
head
04
FORMATION
OF LIPIDS
 FORMATION OF LIPIDS

- Lipids are esters of glycerol and also called as

Triglycerides.

01
- Three hydroxyl of glycerol unite with the
carboxyl group of three fatty acids to form a fat
or lipid molecule via dehydration synthesis.

- Structure consists of hydrophilic glycerol head

and hydrophobic fatty acid chain tails.
 FORMATION OF LIPIDS

Excess carbohydrates in the diet are converted

02
to triglycerides in the endoplasmic reticulum,
which involves the synthesis of fatty acids from
acetyl-CoA in a process known as lipogenesis.
 FORMATION OF LIPIDS

In animals and fungi, most of these processes

are handled by a single multifunctional protein,

03 whereas bacteria use multiple enzymes. Some

unsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3,
cannot be synthesized in mammalian cells and
must be consumed through the diet.
 FORMATION OF LIPIDS

Acetyl-CoA also plays a role in the mevalonate

04 pathway, which produces a variety of

isoprenoids, including important lipids like
cholesterol and steroid hormones.