Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies https/doLorg/10.107/s42417-021-00316-8, ORIGINAL PAPER, ® Sensitive Sub-band Selection Criteria for Empirical Wavelet Transform to Detect Bearing Fault Based on Vibration Signals Vikas Sharma’ - Naresh K, Raghuwanshi2@ - Amit Kumar Jain? Received: 16 February 2021 / Revised 18 April 2021 / Accepted: 8 May 2021 © Kristel eMaging Solutions Private Limited 2021 Abstract Under varying speed, a bearing exhibits a severely modulated signal, to which the classical techniques of time and frequency domain fails to detect. An experimental investigation exhibiting detection of bearing faults at both constant and varying speed using empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is presented. EWT employs a filter bank to decompose a non-stationary signal into different sub-bands. The selection of sub-band influences fault detection because residual noises remain unfiltered. Therefore, identification of sensitive sub-band is crucial for a detailed investigation, which is done using correlated correlation and urtosis. Upon selection of sensitive sub-band the envelope spectrum was used to detect the presence of fault based on the frequencies noticed. The results were validated by permutation entropy. Two case studies: in-house bearing vibration signal at a constant speed and, ontine available bearing data set at varying speed, were performed to exhibit the promising result Of the proposed approach to detect the bearing fault, Keywords Bearing - Decomposition » Empirical wavelet transform - Fault detection - Varying speed Introduction A bearing is always very important to every machine. Any fault occurring in a bearing could pose a serious threat 10 the healthy operation of a machine, resulting in breakdown of the entire machinery, causing significant losses in terms, Oof mass, material, and money. Therefore, condition moni- toring and early detection of any fault are of considerable significance to ensure the reliability and operational safety of a machine, Analysis of excited vibrations is the most convenient way to detect the fault occurring in the bearing. Vibration signals are used to examine the bearing health and specialized signal processing techniques to identify any possibility of incipient faults such as pitting, spalling, or crack, resulted because of the heavy-load and long-term [Naresh K. Raghuwanshi naresh.mech@ maitac.in Department of Me ical Mechatronics Engineering ‘of Information and Technology. Jaipur Department of Mechanical Engineering. Malaviya National Insitute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Published online: 18 May 2021 alternating stress operating conditions. Thus, research and investigations based on vibration signals of bearings i.e, rolling element bearing (REB) has attracted attention during the past decades for extracting fault features and highlighting fault symptoms, Malla and Panigrahi [1] wrote a review on condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of REB by using Vibration analysis. In which, they studied different signal processing techniques for the vibration signals of bearing. In the operation of REB at a constant speed, periodic impact occurs due to incipient faults upon the contact of different mating elements [2]. These are recorded by the ‘accelerometer and can be analysed on computing the charac- teristic frequencies, ie., ball spin frequency, inner race ball pass frequency, outer race ball pass frequency, and funda- mental train frequency as expressed in Eq. 1,2, 3, 4. Ball pass frequency, outer race; vero = "(1 deaso} 0 Bal pass frequency, inner race; prt = “1+ deoso} ® & @ Springer