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EFFECTIVE FOl
AcademicWriting GreatClarerdonStrer.Oxford
OxfordUniversitvPressisadenartmentoforeUniversiryofOxford
aNdeducationbypublisbidswordwide.Oxtordisaregisteredtrade
2OxtordUniversityPress2019
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ISBN:9780194322482EFFECTIVEACADEXICWRITING3WTTONLINE
ISBN!9780191323437EFFECTIVEAPAOEVICWRITING3STUDENTBOOXAS
ISBN:9080191333017EFFECTIVEACADEVICWRITINGONLINE
Theauthorsandpublisheraregratefultothosewhohavegivepermissiontoreprodu:
Cancel Anytime.
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Wewouldliketoacknowledgethefollowingindividualsfortheirinputduringthedevelopmentoftheseries:
ChrisAlexis,CollegeofApplied AlyonaGorokhova,Miramar WilliamD.Phelps,SouthernIllinois
Sciences,Sur,Oman CommunityCollege,CA University,IL
AminaSaifMohammedAl Dr.SimonGreen,Collegeof DorothyRamsay,Collegeof
Hashamia,CollegeofApplied AppliedSciences,Oman AppliedSciences,Sohar,Oman
Sciences.Nizwa.Oman
JanisHearn,HongikUniversity, VidyaRangachari,Mission
AmalAlMugarshi,Collegeof SouthKorea College,CA
AppliedSciences,Ibri,Oman AdamHenricksen,Universityof ElizabethRasmussen,Norther
SalehKhalfanIssaAl-Rahbi. Maryiand,BaltimoreCounty,MD VirginiaCommunityCollege,VA
CollegeofAppliedSciences,Nizwa,
Oman ClayHindman,SierraCollege,CA SylRice,AbuDhabiMen's
College,HigherCollegesof
Dr.DebraBaldwin,UPP,Alfaisal Kuei-pingVickyHu,National Technology,U.A.E.
University,SaudiArabia
TsingHuaUniversity,Hsinchu
DonnaSchaffer,Universityof
AzadeJohnson,AbuDhabi
VirginiaL.Bouchard,George Men'sCollege,HigherCollegesof Washington,WA
MasonUniversity,EnglishLanguage Dr.CatherineSchaff-Stump.
Technology,U.A.E.
Institute,WashingtonD.C. KirkwoodCommunityCollege,IA
ChandraJohnson,FresnoPacific
JudithBuckman,CollegeofApplied University,CA Mary-JaneScott,Sungshin
Sciences,Salalah,Oman women'sUniversity,SouthKorea
Dr.CatherineBuon,American
Pei-LunKao,ChangGung
University,Gueishan JenaySeymour,Hong-ikUniversity,
UniversityofArmenia,Armenia SouthKorea
YukoKobayashi,TokyoUniversity
Mei-RongAliceChen,National ofScience,Japan JanetSloanRachidi,U.A.E.
TaiwanUniversityofScienceand University,AlAin,U.A.E.
Technology,Taipei BlairLee,KyungHeeUniversity,
Japan BobStudholme,U..E.University,
MarkL.Cummings,Jefferson
AlAin,U.A.E.
CommunityandTechnical Chia-yuLin,NationalTsingHua
College,KY University,Hsinchu PaulaSuzuki,Sl-UKLanguage
Centre,Japan
HitoshiEguchi,HokuseiGakuen KentMcClintock,Chosun
University,Japan University,SouthKorea SabineThépaut,IntensiveEnglish
LanguageInstitute.Universityof
ElizabethW.Foss,Washtenaw JoanOakley,CollegeoftheNorth NorthTexas.TX
CommunityCollege,MI Atlantic-Qatar,Qatar
SallyC.Gearhart,SantaRosa FernandaG.Ortiz,CESLUniversity Shu-HuiYu,LingTungUniversity,
Taichung
JuniorCollege,CA ofArizona,AZ
AuthorAcknowledgments
WewouldfirstliketothankourtirelesseditorVicky fortheactivitiesinthisbook.Theiramazingand
Aeschbacherforherinsights,expertise,andlivelyinput. invigoratingstoriesenhancedourownjourney.
Wecouldalwaysdependonherforimmediatefeedback
andawealthofcreativesuggestions.Wealsothank Thankyou,Dr.ReidStriebyforyourconstructive
SharonSargent,StephanieKaras,andMichaelIncardona criticismandenduringsupport.Finally,wewould
liketothankeachotherforalwayskeepingourgoal
fortheirpositiveenergy,enthusiasm,andsupport. insight,ourenergyalive,andourhumorintact.
WearegratefultoourstudentsintheCUNYLanguage R.LandJ.D
ImmersionProgramwhosestruggleswiththe
Englishlanguageweretheinspirationandbackbone
DReviewers
vULILGIIL
CriticalThinking Language
Academic andResearch Rhetorical andGrammar
Unit Focus Focus Focus Focus
2
Art CriticalThinkingFocus •Comparison- •Prepositional
Appreciation •Comparisonand contrast phrases
contrastsignalwords organization •Restrictiveand
nonrestrictive
ResearchFocus
Comparison- relativeclauses
ContrastEssays •Usingsearchengines
•Evaluatingreliability
page35
ofsources
A
Lawand CriticalThinkingFocus •Argumentative •Collocations
Ethics •Signalwordsusedin organization associatedwith
argumentativeessay •Lounter• argumentative
assignments arguments, vocabulary
Argumentative ResearchFocus concessions,and •Connectors
Essays refutations showingaddition
•Summarizingsources andcontrast
page105 •Adverbialclauses
•Nounclauses
Contents
APPENDICES
AppendixI: TheWritingProcessforResearchPapers 7
............21
AppendixVI:CorrelationtoGrammarSense3.... 230
EffectiveAcademicWriting
CriticalThinking Language
Academic andResearch Rhetorical andGrammar
Unit Focus Focus Focus Focus
5
Career CriticalThinkingFocus •Classification •Gerundsand
Planning •Readingand organization infinitives
analyzingbargraphs •Establishing •Verbsfollowing
orderof maxeletano
Classification RecearehForus
have
importance,
Essays •Paraphrasingabar
degree,andsize
graph
page141
•LULLI
•LULLI
EffectiveAcademicWriting,SecondEditioninstillsstudentconfidence
andprovidesthetoolsnecessaryforsuccessfulacademicwriting.
Intro
mStep-by-stepWritingProcessguidesandrefineswritingskills.
-Timedwritingpracticepreparesstudentsforsuccessonhigh-stakestests.
mOnlineWritingTutorimprovesacademicwritinginsideandoutsidetheclassroom.
OnlineWritingSupportforallLevels
Introduction
Overview
EffectiveAcademicWriting,SecondEditiondeliverspracticethatwill
improveyourstudents'writing.
-NEW!ThenewIntroductoryLevelprovidesstudentswiththesupportandinstruction
theyneedforwritingsuccessinthelowest-levelwritingcourses.
-NEW!Morecontent-arearelatedassignmentswithmoreacademicvocabularyand
readingspreparestudentsforthechallengesoftheacademicclassroom.
-WritinaProcessStep1 StimulatingIdeas
3WritingProcessStep2BrainstormingandOutining Eachunitintroducesan
academiccontenttheme
andwritingtaskand
WritingProcessStep3 DevclopingYourleas guidesstudentsthrough
theWritingProcess.
WritingProcessStep4EditingYourWriting
RhetoricalFocus12 Conciseandeffectivelanguageand
relatingEffectstoCauses grammarpresentationsdevelop
students'understandingandimprove
theiraccuracy.
19190419SA1HIPPATEMARMAMINIONOSA
arks&iscluesamicalstocetg55al
gageandGrammarFocus(%)
whEnworkerscannotde:10s:orcosareIcen
Minirecros
Eachunitaddressesaparticular
rhetoricalmodeandprovides Thecontrl:emuysDiobejasaacporaleacnomee.liso,itlabollawvdbyacretrma
user-friendlyguidancetohelp Lmaded2/wetenefortheXISConsiguentv,IconanA
studentsmastertheform.
Timedwritingpreparesstudentsfor
TimedWritingPreparingforAcademicSuccess examsandhigh-stakestests.
Introduction vii
EffectiveAcademicWritingOnline
IT'SEASY!Usetheaccesscodeprintedontheinsidebackcoverofthisbookto
cooxLeregisteratwww.effectiveacademicwriting.com.
FortheStudent
OnlineWritingTutorhelpsstudentsretainandapplytheirwritingskills.
•Modelsoftheunitwritingassignmentsdemonstrategoodwriting
andallowstudentstounderstandhoweachtextisconstructed.
•Writingframeworkshelpstudentswithorganizingandstructuring,
forthesentencelevel,paragraphlevel,andthetextasawhole.
Studentscanplan,structure,andwritetheirowntexts,check
theirwork,thensave,print,orsenddirectlytotheirteacher.
-ExtensiveOnlineGrammarPracticeandgrammartermglossarysupport
studentsinusinggrammarstructuresappropriatelyandfluentlyin
theirwriting.
-ComprehensivePeerEditor'sChecklistssupportcollaborativelearning.
-PrintableOutlineTemplatessupportthewritingprocess.
FortheTeacher
aIELTS-style,TOEFL-style,andTOEIC-styleonlinewritingtestscan
becustomizedandprinted.
mOnlinetestrubricsmakegradingeasy.
-OnlineGrammarPracticeis
automaticallygradedandentered
intotheonlinegradebook.
Answerkeysmakegradingeasy.
-Theonlinemanagementsystem
allowsyoutomanageyourclasses.
View,print,orexportall
classandstudentreports.
FORADDITIONALSUPPORT FORTEACHERCODES
Emailourcustomersupport Pleasecontactyoursalesrepresentative
teamateltsupport@oup.com foraTeacherAccessCode.Teacher
AccessCodesaresoldseparately.
vili Introduction
UNIT TheResearchedEssay
AcademicFocusWriting
UnitGoals
CriticalThinkingFocus
•understandingassignments
•wordsusedtosignalrhetoricalmodes
ResearchFocus
•collectinginformationfromprimaryand
secondarysources
•quidelinesforresearchingatopic
RhetoricalFocus
•structureoftheresearchedessay
•selectingandnarrowingatopic
•unityandcoherence
LanguageandGrammarFocus
•mainanddependentclauses
•run-onsentences
•sentencefragments
•verbtenseconsistency
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whoareplanningtoattendcollege.Mostprofessorsrequirecritiquesof
booksandfilms,researchpapers,andformalportsrelatedtothecontent
oftheircourses.WhenIfirststartedcollege,Iwasexcitedaboutfacing
thesechallengesandpursuingmymajor,mediaandcommunications.
Iwasdeterminedtoimprovemywriting.Toachievethisgoal,Ifocused
onthreepoints:thecontentofmyessays,correctgrammar,andadvanced-
levelvocabulary.
AssoonasIstartedtowriteforcollege,Idiscoveredthatthecontentof. body
paragraph1
thewritingrequiredformycollegecourseswasdifferentfromthecontent
Ihadusedinhighschool.Inthepast,mostofmywritingdealtwithmy
personalexperiences.Iwrotemainlyaboutmyfamily,childhood,andfriends.
Incontrast,collegewritingfocusedonavarietyofissuesthatIwasunfamiliar
with,suchasreactingtoapiceofliteratureorwritingaboutscienceor
politics.Therefore,themostimportantthingformewastounderstandthe
assignmentandresearchthetopicbeforeattemptingmyfirstdraft.Istarted
byreadingencyclopediaarticlestobuildafoundation.Iresearchedthetopic
sothatIcouldincludeexamples,statistics,anddirectquotationswhenever
possibletosupportmyideas.Bygivingspecificexamples,Imademy
ideasmoredetailed,easiertoread,andmuchmoreimpressive.However,
gramniaticalproblemsinmywritingwerestillanissue.
IrealizedthatIhadtoimprovemyunderstandingofgrammar Dodv
towriteforcollege.BeforeIcametocollege,grammarwasnotmy
strongpoint.Ioftencreatedrun-onsentencesorsentencefragments.In
severalinstancesmyprofessorswouldnotacceptmywriting.Instead
theyrequiredthatIrevisemyworkbeforeIturneditinforagrade.
Consequently,Imadegrammarmysecondpriority,ireviewedthebasic
grammaticalstructuressuchassubjectsandverbs,andIcheckedall
WritingProcessPart1
Exercise2Readinganessay
A.Readtheessaybelowaboutbecomingan
isorganized.
myworkforverb-tenseconsistencyandcorrectpunctuation.Soonmy
sentencesbecamemorecomplexbecauseIincludedtransitions,gerunds,
andembeddedclauses.ThemoreIwrote,themoremywritingimproved,
andasmygrammarimproved,myideasbecamemoreconvincingsince
theyappearedtobefromamoreeducatedperson.
BecauseIwasaccustomedtowritinginformally,Iusuailywrotethe body
paragraph3
wayIspoke.Itwasquitecommonformetoincludesingandabbreviated
terms,whichwereappropriateinsocialcontextsbutwerenotacceptablein
formalessays.Isoonrealizedthatmuchofmyacademicwritingrequired
sophisticatedvocabulary.Notsurprisingly,improvingmyvocabularybecame
mythirdandfinalgoal.Iboughtanewdictionaryandthesaurustohelp
expandmywordknowledge.IbecamemoreawareofhowoftenIrepeated
thesamewordsandphrasesthroughoutmyessay.Ioftensearchedfor
synonymstoreplacewordsthatIthoughtweretoosimpleforacollegeessay.
Ialsofocusedmoreontherulesofspelling,andIcorrectedanyerrorsIfound
beforesubmittingmyassignmenttotheinstructor.
Academicwritingrequirescriticalthinkingskills,anunderstanding conclusion
ofthetopic,research,high-levelvocabulary,andcorrectgrammar.Having
theseskillsisempoweringsinceithasmademeabettercommunicatorand
student.IhavecomealongwaysinceIstartedcollege,andIamnowproud
ofthewritingthatIproduce.
B.Answerthequestionsandrespondtothestatementsbelow.
Underlinethethesisstatementintheintroduction.Whatthreepointsdoesthe
writersuggestthatheorshewillmakeintheessay?
Howdoesbodyparagraph2relatetothethesisstatement?
TheResearchedEssay
2.Howdoesbodyparagraph1relateto
d'nie1
Exercise1Understandingyourassignment
Readthewritingtask.Thenrespondtothequestionsandstatementsbelow.
Manybooksareadaptedasfilms.Sometimesafilmisquitedifferentfrom
thebook.Thedirectorshavetomakechoicesaboutwhichpartsofthe
storywilltransferbesttothescreen.Writeamoviereviewforanewspaper.
Compareabookthatyouhavereadwithitsmovieversion.Inwhatways
aretheysimilar?Howaretheydifferent?Writefourpages,double-spaced,
usinga12-pointTimesNewRomanfontandal-inchmargin.
CriticalThinkingFocus
The10
WordsUsedtoSignalRhetoricalModes Essay
Cluesabouttheessay'srhetoricalmodeareoftenwrittenintotheassignmentas
signalwords.Takealookatthesignalwordsinthechartbelow.
SIGNALWORDS RHETORICALMODES
SIGNALWORDS RHETORICALMODES
similarities,differences,contrast,like,unlike,same,different Comparison-ContrastEssay
consequences,results,outcomes,reasons,factors Cause-and-EffectEssay
against,agree,argue,disagree,defend,position,convince,prove ArgumentativeEssay
categorize,classify,types,rank ClassificationEssay
analyze,critique,interpret,evaluate ReactionEssay
Eachunitofthisbookfocusesononerhetoricalmode.
•InUnit2,youwilllearntowritecomparison-contrastessays.
•InUnit3,youwilllearntowritecause-and-effectessays.
•InUnit4,youwilllearntowriteargumentativeessays.
•InUnit5,youwilllearntowriteclassificationessays.
*InUnit6,youwilllearntowritereactionessays.
1.Whatisthetopic?
Whoistheaudience?
Underlinethestyleandformat.
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