Goiânia, 10 de setembro de 2016

Aluna: Isabela Ferreira

Professora: Alessandra
Série: 2ª

Tribos indígenas no Brasil

Kayapo people
The Kayapo (Portuguese: Caiapó [kɐjɐˈpɔ]) people are indigenous peoples in
Brazil, from the plain islands of the Mato Grosso andPará in Brazil, south of
the Amazon Basin and along Rio Xingu and its tributaries.] Kayapo call themselves
"Mebengokre", which means "people of the wellspring". Kayapo people also call
outsiders "Poanjos”.
Location

The Kayapo tribe lives alongside the Xingu River in the eastern part of the Amazon
Rainforest, near the Amazon basin, in several scattered villages ranging in population from,
one hundred to one thousand people in Brazil. Their land consists of tropical rainforest
savannah (grassland) and is arguably the largest tropical protected area in the world,
covering 11,346,326 hectares of Neotropical forests and scrubland containing many
endangered species. They have small hills scattered around their land and the area is
criss-crossed by river valleys. The larger rivers feed into numerous pools and creeks, most
of which don’t have official names.

In 2010, there was an estimated 8,638 Kayapo people, which is an increase from

7,096 in 2003. Subgroups of the Kayapo include the Xikrin, Gorotire, Mekranoti and
Metyktire. Their villages typically consist of a dozen huts. A centrally located hut serves as
a meeting place for village men to discuss community issues.

Name
The term Kayapó, also spelled Caiapó or Kaiapó, comes from neighboring
peoples and means "those who look like monkeys". This name is probably based on a
Kayapó men's ritual involving monkey masks. The autonym for one village
is Mebêngôkre, which means "the men from the water hole." Other names for them
include Gorotire, Kararaô, Kuben-Kran-Krên, Kôkraimôrô,
Mekrãgnoti, Metyktire, and Xikrin.

Paiter people
 The Paiter, also known as Suruí, Suruí do Jiparaná, and Suruí de
Rondônia, are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in ten villages near the Mato
Grosso-Rondônia border. They are farmers, who cultivate coffee.
Language
The Paiter speak the Suruí-Paíter language, which belongs to the Tupi-Guarani
language family. Portions of the Bible were translated into Suruí-Paíter in 1991.
Current Events

The Surui have recently made headlines as one of the first indigenous people of
South America to use high-tech tools (in particular Google Earth) to police their
territory. In cooperation with Google Earth Outreach, they can request more detailed
satellite photos when they spot suspicious areas. If loggers or miners are detected, they
refer the case to the authorities who have them removed. Satellite pictures show that this
is highly effective as the Suruí territory is the only intact remaining piece of rainforest
in the area. The Surui have recently launched a forest carbon project as part of their 50-
year tribal management plan. Conceived in 2007, the project hoped to reforest and avoid
degradation with Surui lands. A 2010 legal opinion by Baker & McKenzie determined
that the Surui own the carbon rights to the territory, setting a precedent for future
indigenous-led carbon projects in Brazil.
Significant progress was next made in 2013. The project has now gained verification
through the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) and Climate, Community and Biodiversity
(CCB) Alliance as a REDD+ project. In September 2013, the Surui Forest Carbon
Project transacted its first sale of 120,000 tons of carbon offsets to Brazilian cosmetics
firm Natura Cosméticos. The project is designed to sequester at least five million tons of
carbon dioxide over 30 years while protecting critical rainforest habitat. Profits from the
sale of credits will be used as part of the 50-year tribal management plan.

Nahukuá
The Nahukuá are members of a small, indigenous ethnic group in the
upper Xingu River area of Brazil. Their population was 146, as of 2010, making them
the smallest group in the region.
History
When the Nahukuá people were first encountered by German explorers in the
late 19th century, they were initially grouped with two other tribes living in the region
(the Kalapalo and Kuikuro, rather than recognized as their own unique group. Another
group of later explorers only mentioned the Nahukuá in passing, speculating about the
origins of the Nahukuá people. These explorers, led by a man named Max Schmidt,
believed that, because of the Carib ancestry of the Nahukuá, they were probably
immigrants to the region, hailing originally from southwestern Guiana.
 Early explorers noted that the Nahukuá had several villages along the Kurisevo
and Kuluene rivers. By the 1940s, however, the population of the Nahukuá people had
been reduced to only 28. Although the population did rise slightly in the ensuing years,
a measles epidemic decimated populations again in the 1950s. By 1954, some believed
that the Nahukuá may already have been extinct. At some point after 1948, low
Nahukuá populations caused the ethnic group to disband its last existing village at the
time. In the 1960s, at the encouragement of the Villas-Bôas brothers, the Nahukuá
created a new village to a spot closer to the Kalapalo people. This village was
eventually abandoned, due to superstition regarding a murder, which the Nahukuá
attributed to sorcery.
In 1977, a new Nahukuá village was set up on the shore of Kuluene river.
Nahukuá populations, which had been increasing since the introduction of proper
modern healthcare to the upper Xingu River area in the 1960s, continued to increase
after the foundation of this new village.