Organic Sheet # 3 Reactions To Differentiate Organic Compounds

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS
In NCERT Textbook for NEET exam
S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

No. between reaction is
mentioned
1. Alkene and Conc. Sulphuric Alkene gets Hydrocarbons NA

Alkyne acid dissolved in conc.
sulphuric acid but
alkyne does not.
Mechanism for Reaction No. 1 above (Not in NCERT)


mentioned
2. Alkene and Ammoniacal silver Terminal alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

Terminal alkyne nitrate(Tollen's test) gives white ppt.
but alkene does
not react.
It is an acid base
reaction.

mentioned
3. Alkene and Ammoniacal Terminal alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

Terminal alkyne cuprous chloride gives red ppt. but
alkene does not
react.
It is an acid base
reaction.

mentioned
4. Alkane and Bromine in carbon Alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

Alkyne tetrachloride decolourizes
Bromine in
carbon
tetrachloride
solution but
alkane does not
react.


mentioned
5. Alkane and Alkaline solution of Alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

Alkyne potassium decolourizes
permanganate(Baeyer's alkaline solution
reagent) of potassium
permanganate,
but alkane does
not react.

mentioned
6. Vicinal dihalide Step 1: Potassium Vicinal dihalide Haloalkanes and NA

and Geminal hydroxide and heat; gives yellow ppt Haloarenes
dihalide Step 2: DNP (2,4- but geminal
Dintrophenylhydrazine) dihalide does not


mentioned
7. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol gives Alcohols, Phenols NA

Benzyl alcohol violet colouration and Ethers
while benzyl
alcohol does not.


mentioned
8. Aryl halide and Step 1: Aq. potassium Alkyl halide gives Haloalkanes and NA
Alkyl halide hydroxide and heat; ppt and aryl Haloarenes
Step 2: Silver nitrate halide does not
solution react

mentioned
9. Phenol and Litmus paper Phenol turns Alcohols, Phenols NA

Cyclohexanol blue litmus paper and Ethers
red.

mentioned
10. Phenol and Bromine water Phenol Alcohols, Phenols NA

Cyclohexanol decolourizes and Ethers
bromine in
carbon
tetrachloride
solution but
cyclohexanol
does not.


mentioned
11. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol gives Alcohols, Phenols NA

Cyclohexanol violet colouration and Ethers
while
cyclohexanol
does not.


mentioned
12. Phenol and Litmus paper Phenols turn Alcohols, Phenols NA

Alcohol blue litmus red, and Ethers
while alcohols do
not.

mentioned
13. Phenol and Bromine water Phenol Alcohols, Phenols, NA

Alcohol decolourizes and Ethers
bromine water
solution but
alcohol does not


mentioned
14. Phenol and NA Phenol gives Alcohols, NA

Alcohol yellow-orange Phenols, and
colored ppt with Ethers
diazonium salt
but alcohol does
not


mentioned
15. Phenol and Aq. sodium hydroxide Phenol gets Alcohols, Phenols NA
Alcohol dissolved in aq. and Ethers
Sodium
hydroxide but
alcohol does not
Mechanism for Reaction No. 15 above (In NCERT)


mentioned
16. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol give Alcohols, Phenols NA

Alcohol violet colouration and Ethers
while alcohol
does not

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in NCERT Page

No. between which reaction
is mentioned
17. Primary, Zinc chloride and Tertiary alcohol Alcohols, 338

Secondary and hydrochloric acid give turbid and Phenols and
Tertiary solution cloudy solution Ethers
Alcohol immediately,
secondary
alcohol give
turbid and
cloudy solution
in 5 min, and
primary alcohol
does not give


mentioned
18. Aldehyde and Ammoniacal silver Aldehyde gives a Aldehydes, 369

Ketone nitrate (Tollen's test) silver mirror and Ketones. and
ketone does not Carboxylic Acids
react

mentioned
19. Aldehyde and Fehling's solution Aldehyde gives red ppt Aldehydes, 369
Ketone ( Mixture of and ketone does not Ketones. and
copper sulphate react Carboxylic Acids
solution and
Rochelle salt
(sodium
potassium
tartrate) +
Sodium
Hydroxide
Adding the ammonia to the silver nitrate solution makes the silver ion less susceptible to reduction, which produces silver in a more controlled
manner.
Ag+ + e-→ Ag E° = +0.799 V
Ag(NH3)2+ + e-→ Ag + 2NH3 E° = +0.373 V
The half-equations indicate that ammonia forms a complex with the silver ion, which is more difficult to reduce than the silver ion. This is
because silver ions form more stable complexes with NH3 than with water.
If silver nitrate is used without ammonia, the silver ion is reduced so quickly that colloidal silver metal would appear. The solution would become
a black, cloudy liquid.
When aldehydes are added to Fehling's solution, they are easily oxidized by the bistartratocuprate (II) complex. During this process, copper (II)
ions get reduced to copper (I) ions leaving a red precipitate of copper (I) oxide (Cu2O).

mentioned
20. Primary Amine, Chloroform, Primary amine gives a Amines 401

from Secondary potassium foul smell
and Tertiary hydroxide and
Amine heat


mentioned
21. Primary Amine, Sulphonyl Primary amine gives Amines 401

Secondary and chloride compound soluble in
Tertiary Amine (Hinsberg’s base, secondary
reagent) amine does not give
compound soluble in
base, and tertiary
amine does not react
with Hinsberg’s
reagent)


mentioned
22. Ethyl Cyanide Step 1. Water Ethyl isocyanide gives Amines NA

and Ethyl and HCl; silver mirror test, and
Isocyanide Step 2. ethyl cyanide does not
Ammoniacal give
silver
nitrate(Tollen's
test)

Organic Sheet # 3 Reactions To Differentiate Organic Compounds

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS

In NCERT Textbook for NEET exam

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

1. Alkene and Conc. Sulphuric Alkene gets Hydrocarbons NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 1 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

2. Alkene and Ammoniacal silver Terminal alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

3. Alkene and Ammoniacal Terminal alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

4. Alkane and Bromine in carbon Alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 4 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

5. Alkane and Alkaline solution of Alkyne Hydrocarbons NA

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

6. Vicinal dihalide Step 1: Potassium Vicinal dihalide Haloalkanes and NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 6 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

7. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol gives Alcohols, Phenols NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 7 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

9. Phenol and Litmus paper Phenol turns Alcohols, Phenols NA

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

10. Phenol and Bromine water Phenol Alcohols, Phenols NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 10 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

11. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol gives Alcohols, Phenols NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 11 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

12. Phenol and Litmus paper Phenols turn Alcohols, Phenols NA

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

13. Phenol and Bromine water Phenol Alcohols, Phenols, NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 13 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

14. Phenol and NA Phenol gives Alcohols, NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 14 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

Mechanism for Reaction No. 15 above (In NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

16. Phenol and Ferric chloride Phenol give Alcohols, Phenols NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 16 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in NCERT Page

17. Primary, Zinc chloride and Tertiary alcohol Alcohols, 338

Mechanism for Reaction No. 17 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

18. Aldehyde and Ammoniacal silver Aldehyde gives a Aldehydes, 369

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

Mechanism for Reaction No. 18 above (Not in NCERT)

Ag+ + e-→ Ag E° = +0.799 V

Ag(NH3)2+ + e-→ Ag + 2NH3 E° = +0.373 V

Mechanism for Reaction No. 19 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

20. Primary Amine, Chloroform, Primary amine gives a Amines 401

Mechanism for Reaction No. 20 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

21. Primary Amine, Sulphonyl Primary amine gives Amines 401

Mechanism for Reaction No. 21 above (Not in NCERT)

S. Distinguish Reaction Reagent Observation Chapter in which NCERT Page

22. Ethyl Cyanide Step 1. Water Ethyl isocyanide gives Amines NA

Mechanism for Reaction No. 22 above (Not in NCERT)

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