Create an infographic that shows three (3) endemic species (animals and/or plants) in the

Philippines. Provide basic information about the species (ex. morphology, habitat, distribution)
and its conservation status. Species cited in the lecture are not allowed to be your content in
your infographics.

 Philippine cobra
 Basic Infos:
The Philippine cobra is a highly venomous snake native to the northern
regions of the Philippines. It has a fairly stocky build, and adult snakes are
uniformly light to medium brown, while the juveniles tend to be a darker
brown in color. The head is elliptical, depressed, slightly distinct from the neck
with a short, rounded snout and large nostrils. The eyes are moderate in size
with dark brown and round pupils.
 morphology
Philippine cobras occur mostly in the northern regions of the Philippines. They
can be found on the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Catanduanes, Azria, and
Masbate. These snakes can be found in low-lying plains and forested regions,
along with open fields, grasslands, dense jungle, agricultural fields, and human
settlements. Philippine cobras are particularly fond of water, so they can be
found very close to ponds, rivers, or large puddles of water.
 Habitats
Philippine cobras are solitary and only come together to mate. They are
mainly terrestrial spending most of the time on the ground. These snakes
are active during the night and hide in burrows, holes, rocks, and under
vegetation during the midday heat. Philippine cobras are ambush predators;
being extremely fast and agile they strike from their hiding spots with amazing
speed and subdue their prey with ease. When threatened, these snakes will
rise upwards and produce their hood; they are capable of accurately spitting
their venom at a target up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) away.

Philippine forest turtle

The Philippine forest turtle is a critically endangered freshwater turtle native to the Philippines.
Its plastron is reddish-brown to black in color, sometimes with blotches of yellow. In juveniles,
the plastron is a uniform yellow. The bridge (the hinge connecting plastron and carapace) is the
same color as the plastron. It is significantly smaller than the carapace and narrow at the front
and back. The skin of the legs, body, and neck are rough in appearance, being covered in tiny
tubercles. The head is brown in color, sometimes speckled at the temples with light brown,
orange, or red spots. A thin white to pale yellow line traverses through the width of the head
just behind the openings of the ears, it may be divided at the center in some individuals. This
has led to the species being nicknamed the 'bowtie turtle'. The line is more prominent in
younger individuals. The upper jaw of this turtle is hooked and the skin on the sides of the neck
and the chin are lighter in color. The lower jaw may also sometimes possess a pair of small
yellow spots on the sides. The tail is uniformly light brown in color.

Philippine forest turtles are known only from northern Palawan and surrounding islands. This
includes the island of Dumaran where these turtles are still relatively abundant in creeks. In the
areas of Taytay and San Vicente, it is believed their populations are declining sharply. Philippine
forest turtles live in the lowland riparian forests in rivers, swamps, and streams. Despite the
latter common name, it does not occur in the island of Leyte but is instead native to the
Palawan island group. It is locally known as bakoko in Cuyonon.
Due to their rarity and their status as newly rediscovered, little is known about the lifestyle of
Philippine forest turtles. From observations of captive adults, they proved to be very shy and
retiring, spending considerable time hiding under rocks, both in and out of the water. They
became active in the early morning and late evening, foraging for food and moved about during
the night. They were not observed to be keen on basking in the sun, but this may have been the
result of being in a captive environment.

PHILIPPINE TARSIER
Known as the “world’s smallest monkey” because of its similarity in appearance to that
primate, tarsiers, along with lemurs, tree shrews, and lorises, actually are members of a more
primitive suborder of Prosimii or prosimian. They are amongst the oldest land species that have
existed continuously in the Philippines, dating from the early Eocene period, 45 million years
ago. The Philippine tarsier has various distinctive habits and characteristics that make it an
object of both popular curiosity and scientific research. Its eyes are unique and are almost twice
as big as those of humans, however, they cannot see from the corners. Its head can rotate as
much as 180 degrees, so it is able to leap backward with great precision. In addition, enabled by
adhesive discs on the soles of its limbs, tarsiers cling to branches either horizontally or
vertically.
This species is native to the Philippines, where it lives on the islands of Leyte, Samar, Dinagat,
Siargao, Bohol, Mindanao, Basilan and Maripipi. Philippine tarsiers inhabit areas of tall grasses,
bamboo shoots, small trees, and bushes in tropical rainforests. They prefer the jungle canopy
and leap from limb to limb.
Philippine tarsiers are nocturnal but are also active at dawn and dusk. During the day they sleep
in dense vegetation or sometimes in a hollow tree. At sunset, they begin searching for insect
prey. They are agile acrobats, easily leaping vertically from tree to tree. Philippine tarsiers are
solitary but may sometimes associate in groups of four animals or fewer. They demonstrate
little fear of other species and especially humans unless a quick movement is made. When they
are threatened they make a high-pitched squeak. Although less vocal than other primates, a
tarsier uses a variety of means of communication, including calls for territorial maintenance and
the spacing of males and females. They also use scent marks from glandular secretions to
delineate their territories.
According Primate GCAP Report the total population size of the Philippine tarsier is less than
2,500 individuals, including 700 tarsiers in Bohol’s Forest. Currently, this species is classified on
the IUCN Red List as near threatened (NT) and its numbers continue to decrease.