hte } SEA Ba RATE "Code for Design of dynamic machine y foundation HAMNBAUMRHMI era ner GB 50040-96 PotNATIONAL STANDARD OF PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CODE FOR DESIGN OF DYNAMIC MACHINE FOUNDATION GB 50040 — 96 Chief Editorial Department: Ministry of Machinery Industry of P. R. China Approved Department: Ministry of Construction of P. R. China Effective Date: January, 1, 1997. Beijing 1997Preface This book is the English translation of Code for Design of Dynamic Machine Foundation for. It is the official translation of the original in Chinese for general use as examined and approved by the Department of Standards and Norms, Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China In the event of any inconsistency between the Chinese-language text of the Code and the present English — langiuage text of the Standard, the Chinese-language text shall be taken as ruling Department of Standards and Norms, Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China © COPYRIGHT Department of Standards and Norms, Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Ministry of Construction, the People” s Republic of ChinaMINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION of the P. R. China No, JB ( 1996 ) 428 Announcement for the promulgation of the National Standard “Code for design of dynamic machine foundation” In accordance with the requirement of (1987) No. 2390 announcement of State Planning Commission, a revision on the “Code for design of dynamic machine foundation ” by Ministry of Machinery Industry jointed with various concerned units has been already completed and examined. it is now approved as the mandatory national standard “ Code for design of dynamic machine foundation ” GB 5040-96 and allow to practiced from Jan. 1, 1997 and the former code “ Code for design of dynamic machine foundation” GBJ 40-79 will be abolished simultaneously. This code shall be supervised by the Ministry of Machinery Industry . Detail and explanation of the code will be the responsibility of the Institute of Project Planning and Research of Ministry of Machinery Industry. Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China July 22, 1996Contents 1. General 2.Terminology and Symbol 2.1 Terminology 2.2 Symbol «+ 3. Basic requirement for design - 3.1 General requirement « 3.2 alculating requirement of subsoil and foundation - 3.3 Dynamic characteristic parameter of subsoil 4. Foundation for reciprocating compressor **" 4.1 General requirement + 4.2 Construction requirement 4.3 Dynamic calculation ++ 4.4 Combined foundation 4.5 Simplified calculation - 5. Foundation for turbine set and electrical machine 5.1 General requirement - 5.2 Dynamic calculation of frame foundation 5.3 Strength calculation of frame foundation +++ SMAANNN] 5.4 Design for foundation of electrical machine with low rotary speed 42 6, Foundation for turbine compressor 46 6.1 General requirement « 46 6.2 Construction requirement 46 6.3 Dynamic calculation +--+ 47 6.4 Strength calculation of frame foundation - 48 7. Foundation for crusher and mill 50 7.1 Foundation for crusher « 50 7.2 Foundation for mill ~ 51 8, Foundation for impact machine 53 8.1 Foundation for forge hammer + 3 8.2 Foundation for drop hammer - 61 m19. Foundation for hot die press 67 9.1 General requirement «+ 67 9.2 Construction requirement ** 67 9.3 Dynamic calculation *- 68 10. Foundation for metal cutting machine-tools - 2 Appendix A: Influence of vibration of low-frequency machine and impact machine to the building structure -*+ 16 Appendix B: Design of anchor pile (bar) foundation B Appendix C: Dynamic calculation of frame foundation -~ partes: 719 Appendix D: Strength calculation and construction of normal conical shell foundation for forge hammer **- 85 Appendix E: Calculation for vibrational attenuation on ground ****+*+ 90 Appendix F: Calculation for dynamic coefficient with damping 77,4, of press foundation ** 93 Appendix G: Explanation of words in his code %6 Additional Notes ---- 971. General 1.0.1 This code of practice has been prepared to give guidance to carry out State technical and economical policies, assure the quality of construction, selecting related parameter and type of foundation reasonably in the design of dynamic machine foundation and make it advanced technics, reasonably economic, safety and application. 1.0.2 This code applies to the design for the following dynamic machine foundation: 1. Reciprocating compressor; 2. Turbine set and electrical machine; 3. Turbine compressor; 4. Crusher and mill; 5. Impact machine; 6. Hot die press; 7. Metal cutting machine-tools. This code does not fit for dynamic machine foundation set on building floor slab. 1.0.3 In using this code to design dynamic machine foundation, it shall also conform to the requirements of the current related national standards and codes.2. Terminology and symbol 2.1 Terminology 2.1.1 Foundation set ‘The general name of dynamic machine foundation with auxiliary equipment and back filling soil on the foundation. 2.1.2 Equivalent load The static loading is equivalent to the dynamic loading which applied on the original vibration system for the purpose of analysis conveniently. 2.1.3 Frame type foundation The foundation consists of the top beam and slab connected with the columns and bottom slab. 2.1.4 Wall type foundation The foundation consists of the top slab and base slab connected with the cross- wall. 2.1.5 Stiffness of subsoil The capability of resisting deformation of subsoil and its value is the ratio of force (moment) applied on subsoil to the corresponding linear (angular) deformation. 2.2 Symbol 2.2.1 Action and response of action — Vertical exciting force of machine; P, — Horizontal exciting force of machine; P — Design value of average static pressure under the foundation base; M, — Rocking moment of machine; M, — Torsional moment of machine; A, — Vertical linear displacement of vibration at centre of gravity of - foundation set; A, — Horizontal linear displacement of vibration at centre of gravity of foundation set, A, — Rocking angular displacement of vibration of foundation; A, — Torsional angular displacement of vibration of foundation; Ay — Vertical linear displacement of vibration at control point of top surface of foundation generated by horizontal exciting force P,, exciting moment M, and vertical exciting force P, eccentrically acting on the foundation;Axg — Horizontal linear displacement of vibration at control point of top surface of foundation generated by horizontal exciting force P,, exciting moment M, and vertical exciting force P, eccentrically acting on the foundation; — Circular frequency of exciting force of machine; se — Vertical natural circular frequency of foundation set; «x —~ Horizontal natural circular frequency of foundation set; ‘»» — Rocking natural circular frequency of foundation set; ‘sy — Torsional natural circular frequency of foundation set; 1 — Natural circular frequency in Ist. mode of coupled with translating and rocking vibration of foundation set; ©,2 — Natural circular frequency in 2nd. mode of coupled with translating and rocking vibration of foundation set; a — Vibration acceleration of foundation; V — Vibration velocity of foundation. 2.2.2 Calculation index C, — Coefficient of compressive stiffness of subsoil; C,. — Coefficient of bending stiffness of subsoil; C, — Coefficient of shearing stiffness of subsoil; Cy — Coefficient of torsional stiffness of subsoil; Cyz — Coefficient of equivalent compressive stiffness of soil at the pile tip; Cy. — Coefficient of equivalent shearing stiffness of the surrounding pile surface of each layer soil; Seses 8 K, — Compressive stifiness of subsoil; K, — Bending stiffness of subsoil; K, — Shearing stiffness of subsoil; K, — Torsional stiffness of subsoil; K,. — Compressive stiffness of pile foundation; K,, — Bending stiffness of pile foundation; K,. — Shearing stiffness of pile foundation; K,, — Torsional stiffness of pile foundation; . — Damping ratio of subsoil in compression; <9; — Damping ratio of subsoil in Ist. mode of coupled with translating and rocking; x2 — Damping ratio of subsoil in 2nd. mode of coupled with translating and rocking;ee a eee ee ee ee ee ee eee ¢, — Damping ratio of subsoil in torsional mode; ye — Damping ratio of pile foundation in compression; Soo) — Damping ratio of pile foundation in Ist. mode of coupled with translating and rocking; Sox92 — Damping ratio of pile foundation in 2nd. mode of coupled with translating and rocking; ye — Damping ratio of pile foundation in torsional mode; J — Standard value of bearing capacity of subsoil; f — Design value of bearing capacity of subsoil; [4] — Attowable linear displacement of vibration of foundation; [V] — Allowable velocity of vibration of foundation; [a] — Allowable acceleration of vibration of foundation; m — Mass of foundation set. 2.2.3 Geometric parameter A — Area of foundation base; Ap, — Sectional area of pile; 1 — Moment of inertia of foundation with respect to axis through centre of area of foundation base; J —Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to axis through its center of gravity; 1, — Torsional moment of inertia of foundation with respect to vertical axis through centre of area of foundation base; ', — Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to vertical axis through its centre of gravity; h, — Distance from centre of gravity of foundation set to top of foundation; h, — Distance from centre of gravity of foundation set to bottom of foundation. 2.2.4 Calculative coefficient @, — Coefficient of dynamic reduction of bearing capacity; @, — Raised coefficient in compressive stiffness of subsoil due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation; @. — Raised coefficient in shearing, bending and torsional stiffness of subsoil due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation; B, — Raised coefficient of damping ratio of subsoil in compression due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation; ela ties een RIMES es odxy -— Raised coefficient of damping ratio of subsoil in mode of coupled with translating and rocking due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation; 5, — Ratio of foundation embedment.3. Basic requirement for design 3.1 General requirement 3.1.1 The following data shall be obtained in designing of dynamic machine foundation: 1. The type, rotary speed, power and drawing of figure dimensions of the machine; 2. The centre of gravity and weight of the machine: 3. The boundary figure of machine base, location of auxiliary equipment and piping, dimension of pit, ditches, hole and hollow, thickness of grouting layer and position of anchor bolts and pre-embedded parts; 4. Exciting force and moment of machine with its acting direction; 5. The location of machine foundation and the drawing of foundation of surrounding building; 6. The geological prospecting data and dynamic testing data of subsoil of the construction field. 3.1.2 The dynamic machine foundation should not be connected with the structure foundation, super structure and the concrete ground. 3.1.3 In case of piping system connected with structure where the vibration is relatively bigger due to connection with the machine, it shall be provided vibration isolating measure. 3.1.4 In case of the vibration of the dynamic machine foundation effecting the surrounding persons, precision machine and instrument, productive-operation and structure with unallowable influence, it shall be taken vibration isolating measure. The vibration of machine with low frequency and impact machine influence to structure should conform to requirement of appendix A in this code. 3.1.5 The dynamic machine foundation is not allow to produce harmful differential settlement in design. 3.1.6 For dynamic machine foundation and neighboring building foundation both are laying on subsoil, if construction prevail, it is not necessary to put them on a same level. But after the foundation have been constructed, the part with different depth must be backfilled and rammed solidly. 3.1.7 In case of dynamic machine (except forge and drop hammer) foundation can be constructed on a wholly good bed rock, anchor pile (rod) foundation may be used in accordance with appendix B in this code. 3.1.8 The minimum clearance allowed between the outer boundary of machinebase and its foundation edge should not be less than 100 mm. Excepting the foundation of hammer, under all the base of machine a space not less than 25 mm depth for pre-reserved second pouring layer which should be provided after installation and primary adjustment of machine and grouting solidly and combined with the surface of concrete foundation with micro-expansive concrete. 3.1.9 The setting up of anchored bolt to dynamic machine foundation shall conform to the following requirements: 1. The depth of embedded for anchor bolt with hook should not be less than 20 bolt-diameters and 15 bolt-diameters for anchoring-plate type bolt; 2. The distance between the center line of bolts to the foundation boundary shall not be less than 4 bolt-diameters; the distance between the boundary of pre-making hole to the foundation boundary shall not be less than 100 mm. In case this condition could not be satisfied, strengthening treatment shall be taken; 3. The clear thickness of the concrete beneath the bottom of pre-embedded anchor bolt shall not be less than 50 mm. For pre-making hole it shall not be less than 100 mm. 3.1.10 For dynamic machine foundation monolithic and fabricated-monolithic concrete structure should be used. 3.1.11 The strength grade of concrete for dynamic machine foundation should not be less than C15. But for block or wall type foundation which will be for construction purpose only and will not be subjected to impact force directly, the strength grade of concrete C10 may be used. 3.1.12 For the steel reinforcement of dynamic machine foundation, the grade I, II steel reinforcement should be used, cool-rolling rods should not be used. For those part of suffering high impact force, the hot-rolling deformed reinforcement should be used but it should not be used welding connections. 3.1.13 To some kinds of important machines or machine of strict requirement of settlement, reference points for observing settlement shall be permanently set up on its foundation and indicated requirement on the designing drawing, scheduled date of observation shall be made according to the periods of construction, of installation and of operation of the machine with a complete report. 3.1.14 The centre of gravity of the foundation set and the centre of area of foundation base should be located in a same vertical line. In case the eccentricity could not be possible eliminated, the ratio of eccentricity to the length of the side of the foundation on parallel to the eccentricity shall not be exceeded following limited data:1. For foundation of turbine set and electrical machine 3%; 2. For ordinary machine foundation (excepting metal cutting machine-tools): When the standard value of bearing capacity of subsoil f, <150kPa 3%; When the standard value of bearing capacity of subsoil f, > 150kPa 5%, 3.1.15 For large and important machine as well as 1 ton and higher than 1 ton of forge hammer foundations setting on the soft and weak subsoil the artificial subsoil should be used. 3.1.16 For the loading on the design of dynamic machine foundation shall conform to following requirements: 1. When in static calculation the design value of loading shall be used; 2. When in dynamic calculation the standard value of loading shall be used. 3.2. Calculating requirement of subsoil and foundation 3.2.1 The design value of average static pressure of subsoil under the dynamic machine foundation base shall conform to following requirements: Psat (3.2.1) Where P — Design value of average static pressure of subsoil under the foundation base (kPa); @ , — Coefficient of dynamic reduction of the bearing capacity of subsoil; £— Design value of bearing capacity of subsoil (kPa). | 3.2.2 The coefficient of dynamic reduction of the bearing capacity of subsoil a, may be used in accordance with following requirements: 1. For foundation of rotary machine may be used 0.8; 2. For foundation of forge hammer may be calculated in accordance with following formula: 1 14+p2 8 a, (3.2.2) Where a — Vibration acceleration of hammer foundation (m/s* ); A — Influential coefficient of dynamic settlement of subsoil. 3. For all other machine foundations may be used 1.0. 3.2.3 The classification of subsoil of dynamic machine foundation shall be used in accordance with Table 3.2.3.Table 3.2.3 Classification of subsoil Nomenclature of subsoil | S!ndard value of bearing capacity of subsoil | c1,.sifcation of subsoil Sf, (kPa) Gravelly soil Si, > 500 Class I Clayey soil A, > 250 Gravelly soil 300 < f, $500 Silty soil, Sandy soil 250 < f, < 400 Class II Clayey soil 180 < f, $250 Gravelly soil 180 < f, < 300 Silty soil, sandy soil 160.< f, < 250 Class III Clayey soil 130< f, $180 Silty soil, Sandy soil 120< f, < 160 " - Class IV Clayey soil 800.6, take 5,=0.6; h, — Depth of embedment (m). 3.3.8 When the foundation is connected with rigid ground, the bending, shearing and torsional stiffness of subsoil may be multiplied by a raised coefficient @, respectively, its value may be taken as 1.0 ~ 1.4, for soft soil may be taken as 1.4 and for other kind of soil it may be properly reduced. 3.3.9 The damping ratio of subsoil shall conform to following requirements: 3.3.9.1 The damping ratio of subsoil in compression may be calculated in accordance with following formulas: (1) clayey soil: G.3.9-1)G.3.9-2) (2)Sandy soil, silty soil: (3.3.9-3) Where $, — Damping ratio of subsoil in compression; m — Mass ratio of foundation set; m — Mass of foundation set (t ); P — Density of subsoil ( tm’ ). 3.3.9.2 The damping ratio of subsoil in torsional and in mode of couple with translating and rocking may be calculated in accordance with following formulas: Sum = 056, G.3.9-4) Sed = Scot (3.3.9-5) by = Sen (3.3.9-6) Where $9: — Damping ratio of subsoil in Ist mode of coupled with translation and rocking; S92 — Damping ratio of subsoil in 2nd mode of coupled with translation and rocking; 4 — Damping ratio of subsoil in torsion. 3.3.10 The damping ratio of subsoil of embedded foundation shall be the damping ratio of the open foundation multiplied by the raised coefficient of damping ratio in compression /3,and in mode of coupled with translating and rocking together with in torsional mode ,, respectively which is due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation. The raised coefficient of damping ratio may be calculated in accordance with following formulas: B,=1+6, (3.3.10-1) Bry =1+26, (3.3.10-2) Where #, — Raised coefficient of damping ratio of subsoil in compression due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation; By — Raised coefficient of damping ratio of subsoil in mode of coupled with translating and rocking due to the effect of embedded depth of foundation. 3.3.11 In calculating the block type foundation, if the dynamic parameter of subsoil is determined in accordance with 3.3.2 ~ 3.3.10 in this code, the calculated 4 A ee als oc ela ae eevalue of linear displacement of vibration for block type foundation (except the foundation for impact machine and hot die press) shall be multiplied by a reduction coefficient 0.7 for vertical linear displacement and 0.85 for horizontal linear displacement. Il_Pile foundation 3.3.12 The basic dynamic parameter of pile foundation may be determined by experiment in site, the method of experiment shall be used in accordance with current national standard “Code for measurement method of dynamic properties of subsoil”. In case if this condition is not available but there is experience, it may be determined in accordance with the requirements of 3.3.13 ~ 3.3.22 in this code. 3.3.13 The compressive stiffness of precasted pile foundation or driven-in- cast- in- place pile foundation may be calculated in accordance with following formulas: Ky = "kon (3.3.13-1) kee = Cpr Ape + Ce Ay .3.13-2) pr Ape Where >. — Compressive stiffness of pile foundation (KN/m); > x — Compressive stiffness of a single pile (KN/m); n, — Number of pile; Cy. — Coefficient of the equivalent shearing stiffness of the surrounding pile surface of each soil layer ( KN/m’ ); 4, — Circumferential area of pile of each soil layer (m”); C,. — Coefficient of the equivalent compressive stiffness of soil at the pile tip (kNim’); 4, — Sectional area of pile (m’). 3.3.14 When the pile spacing is 4 ~ 5 times the sectional diameter or of the width of the pile, the coefficient of the equivalent shearing stiffness C,, of the surrounding pile surface of each soil layer may be used in accordance with Table 3.3.14. Table 3.3.14 Coefficient of the equivalent shearing stiffness C,, (kN/m®)of the soil surrounding the pile Coefficient of equivalent shearing stiffness C,, Nomenclature of soil 6000 ~ 7000Mucky clay Natural water content 45%~ 50% High plastic Clayey soil, silty soil Medium plastic Low plastic 15000 ~ 25000 Silt, fine sand Slightly dense ~ medium dense 10000 ~ 15000 20000 ~ 25000 15000 ~ 20000 20000 ~ 30000 Medium, coarse, gravelly sand | Slightly dense ~ medium dense Slightly dense Round gravel, cobble 3.3.15 When the pile spacing is 4 ~ 5 times of the sectional diameter or of the width of the pile, the equivalent coefficient of compressive stiffness C,, of the soil layer at the pile tip may be used in accordance with the Table 3.3.15. 3.3.16 The bending stiffness of precast pile foundation or driven-in- cast-in- place pile foundation may be calculated in accordance with following formula: Ky =k (3.3.16) Where K,. — Bending stiffness of pile foundation (KN -m); ’, — Distance from the axial line of the ith pile to the rocking axis at the centre of area of foundation base (m). Table 3.3.15 Coefficient of the equivalent compressive stiffness C,,( KNim? ) of the soil layer at the pile tip i u Depth of soil at| Coefficient of equivalent Nomenclature of soil State of soil pile tip (m) compressive stiffness C., oo High plastic, medium plastic 10 ~ 20 500000 ~ 800000 Clayey soil, silty soil | High plastic, medium plastic 20 ~ 30 800000 ~ 1300000 Low plastic 20 ~ 30 1300000 ~ 1600000 hs Medium dense ~ Silt, fine sand Gees 20 ~ 30 1000000 ~ 1300000 Medium, coarse and gravelly |Medium dense dense), _ 5 1000000 ~ 1300000 sand round gravel, cobble 1300000 ~ 2000000 Shale Medium weathering 1500000 ~ 20000003.3.17 The shearing stiffness and the torsional stiffness of the precast pile and driven-in-cast-in-place pile foundation may be used in accordance with following requirements: 1. The shearing and torsional stiffness may be used 1.4 times the shearing and torsional stiffness of corresponding subsoil; 2. In considering the raised effect of the embedded depth of foundation and of the rigid ground connected with the foundation, the shearing stiffness of pile foundation may be calculated in accordance with following formula: Ki, = K,(04+ 2,40) (33.17-1) Where Kix — Shearing stiffness of the pile foundation with due consideration of the raised effect of embedded depth of the foundation and of the rigid ground connected with the foundation (KN/m). 3. In considering the raised effect of the embedded depth of foundation and of the rigid ground connected with the foundation, the torsional stiffness may be calculated in accordance with following formula: Kiy = K (04+ @,90,) (3.3.17-2) Where X;y — Torsional stiffness of the pile foundation with due consideration of the raised effect of embedded depth of the foundation and of the rigid ground connected with foundation (KN -m). 4. For foundation of tip bearing piles or that the standard value of bearing capacity of the soil layer in upper portion of the pile f, > 200kPa, its shearing stiffness and torsional stiffness shall not be larger than the shearing stiffness and torsional stiffness of subsoil respectively. 3.3.18 The shearing stiffness of raking pile shall be determined in accordance with following requirements: 1, When the inclination of the piles is 1: 6 and the spacing between piles is 4 ~ 5 times of the pile sectional diameter or width, the equivalent shearing stiffness of the raking piles may be 1.6 times as big as the shearing stiffness of corresponding subsoil; 2. In considering the raised effect of embedded depth of foundation and of the rigid ground connected with the foundation, the shearing stiffness of the raking pile foundation may be calculated in accordance with following formula: Ky = K,(0.6+ a9) 3.3.18) 3.3.19 In calculating the natural frequency and linear displacement of vibration of precast pile foundation or driven-in-cast-in-place pile foundation, the total vertical mass and the total translating mass as well as the total mass moment of inertia offoundation set shall be calculated in accordance with following formulas + m,, =m+M, (3.3.19-1) m,, = m+ Aim, (3.3.19-2) im, = I.bdp (3.3.19-3) ae) Jie J+ J Pe (3.3.19-4) en AG ly (3.3.19-5) m Where ™,, — Total vertical mass of the pile foundation (t); mg, — Total translating mass of the pile foundation (1); ‘m, — Equivalent mass of the piles and that part of the soil in-between the piles participating vibration in vertical vibration (t); 1, — Reduce length of the pile (m); b — Width of the foundation base (m); d — Length of the foundation base (m); J’ — Total mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to the axis through its centre of gravity (t m’); J, — Total mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to the vertical axis through its centre of gravity (t-m*); J. — Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to the axis through its centre of gravity (t-m*); J, — Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to the vertical axis through its centre of gravity (t-m’). 3.3.20 The reduced length of pile may be used in accordance with Table 3.3.20. Reduced length of pile /, Length of pile in soil (m) Reduced length of pile (m) Equal or less than 10 | 18 Equal or larger than 15 | 24 Note: when the length of the pile in soil is between 10 ~ 15 m, the value of 1, may be calculated by method of interpolation. 3.3.21 The damping ratio in compression of precast pile and driven-in-cast-in- place pile foundation may be calculated in accordance with following requirements. 3,3.21.1 The damping ratio in compression of pile foundation may be calculated ee ee eain accordance with following formulas: (1) For clayey soil under the pile foundation cap: 02 Cae (33.21-1) =m (2). For sandy and silty soil under the pile foundation cap: 014 Soe 3.21-2) (3) For tip bearing pile: (33.21-3) (4) When the base of the pile foundation cap is not contact with the subsoil, its damping ratio in compression may be taken as the damping ratio in compression of tip bearing pile. 3.3.21.2 For damping ratios of pile foundation in mode of couple with translating and rocking as well as in torsion may be calculated in accordance with following formulas: Snot = 05S pe (3.3.21-4) Spent = So G3.21-5) ayes .3.21-6) Where $y. — Damping ratio of pile foundation in compression; Sno: — Damping ratio of pile foundation in Ist mode of couple with translating and rocking; $me2 — Damping ratio of pile foundation in 2nd mode of couple with translating and rocking; Spy — Damping ratio of pile foundation in torsion. 3.3.22 In calculating the damping ratio of pile foundation, the raised effect due to the depth of embedment of foundation may be taken into consideration. The raised damping ratio in compression and in mode of couple with translating and rocking as well as in torsion may be calculated in accordance with fotlowing formulas. 1. Friction pile: Sim = Spa(1 +088) (33.22-1) Spot =$ pxoi(l + 1.66) .3.22-2) Sheet = Set 3.3.22-3) ee atee (3.3.22-4) 192. Tip bearing pile: Sa = Spp(1+ 5) (3.3.22-5) Seq = pail + 145) (3.3.22-6) Shem = Sms (3.3.22-7) Aen (3.3.22-8) Where ¢'. — Raised damping ratio in compression due to the effect of embedded depth of pile foundation cap; ‘eoi — Raised damping ratio in Ist mode of coupled with translating and rocking due to the effect of embedded depth of pile foundation cap; ‘92 — Raised damping ratio in 2nd mode of coupled with translating and rocking due to the effect of embedded depth of pile foundation cap; ry — Raised damping ratio in torsion due to the effect of embedded depth of pile foundation cap. 204. Foundation for reciprocating compressor 4.1. General requirement 4.1.1 When design foundation for reciprocating compressor, unless the relevant data listed in 3.1.1 in this code, the following data shall also be provided by machine manufacturer: 1. The values of Ist and 2nd harmonic vertical exciting forces P,P.” and horizontal exciting force P’,P”, Ist and 2nd harmonic rocking exciting moment Mj, Mj and torsional exciting moments Mj, My, generated by the movement of crank-guide of machine; 2. The position of acting point of exciting force; 3. The distance from the centerline of crank axle of compressor to the top of foundation. 4.1.2 The foundation shall be used with concrete structure, its type may be the block. When the machine is installed on level of second floor of workshop, the wall type foundation should be used. 42 Construction requirement 4.2.1 When the wall type foundation consists of the base plate, longitudinal wall, transverse wall and top slab, the construction connection between the elements shall be assured with its monolithic rigidity. The dimension of its elements shall conform to the following requirements: 4.2.1.1 The thickness of top slab of foundation shall be determined in accordance with calculation, but should not be less than 150 mm; 4.2.1.2 The length of cantilever of top slab should not be more than 2000 mm; 4.2.1.3 The thickness of wall under machine body should not be less than 500 mm; 4.2.1.4 The thickness of wall under cylinder should not be less than 400 mm; 4.2.1.5 The thickness of base plate of foundation should not be less than 600 mm; 4.2.1.6 The length of cantilever of base plate may be used in accordance with the following requirements: (1) For plain concrete base plate should not be more than the thickness of base plate; (2) For reinforced concrete base plate, when vertical vibration, should not be more than 2.5 times of thickness of base plate, when horizontal vibration, should not 2Eee Dae | a ee Re ee ee ae em be more than 3 times of thickness of base plate. 4.2.2 The reinforcement of the foundation shall conform to the following requirements: 4.2.2.1 When the volume of block foundation is 20~ 40m’, the reinforcement mesh formed by the diameter of 10 mm steel bars and spaced at 200 mm shall be provided on the top surface of foundation; 4.2.2.2 When the volume of block foundation is more than 40m’, the reinforcement mesh formed by the diameter of 10 ~ 14mm steel bars and spaced at 200 ~ 300mm shall be provided along all round as well as top and bottom of the foundation; 4.2.2.3 For wall type foundation, the reinforcement mesh shall be provided along the wall surface, for vertical direction the diameter of steel bars should be 12~16mm, for horizontal direction 14~ 16mm; spacing of steel bars shall be 200 ~ 300mm. The reinforcement of top slab shall be determined in accordance with strength calculation, the connection of wall with base plate and top slab shall be provided with constructional reinforcement properly; 4.2.2.4 The reinforcement for cantilever part of base plate of foundation shall be determined in accordance with strength calculation and shall be provided along its top and bottom. 4.2.2.5 When the dimensions of all openings or cuttings are more than 600mm, the steel bars shall be provided around all openings or cuttings, the diameter of steel bar shall not be less than 12mm and the spacing shall not be more than 200mm. 4.3 Dynamic calculation 4.3.1 In dynamic calculation of foundation the direction and position of exciting force and exciting moment on foundation shall be determined (Fig. 4.3.1) 4.3.2 The maximum linear displacement of vibration and maximum vibration velocity on top surface of foundation shall be controlled simultaneously. The maximum linear displacement of vibration at control point on top surface of foundation shall not be more than 0.2mm, maximum vibration velocity shall not be more than 6.30mm/s. For super-high pressure compressor with exhaust pressure more than 100MPa the value of allowable vibration of foundation shall be determined by the special requirement. 4.3.3 When vertical exiting force is applied through the centre of gravity of foundation set, its vertical linear displacement of vibration and natural circular 2frequency may be calculated in accordance with the following formulas: (433-1) (433-2) (4.3.3-3) m=m, +m, +m, Where 4, — Vertical linear displacement of vibration at centre of gravity of foundation set (m); P, — Vertical exciting force of machine (KN); ®,, — Vertical natural circular frequency of foundation set (rads; ™m, — Mass of foundation (t); ™m,, — Mass of compressor and auxiliary equipment on foundation (t); ™, — Mass of backfilling soil on foundation (t); : © — Circular frequency of exciting force of machine (rad/s); Fig 4.3.1 Exciting forces and moments (a) Plan (b) Elevation (c) Profile 2Note: Point o is the centre of gravity of foundation set, ic. the coordinate origin; point c is the acting position of exciting force. 4.3.4 When torsional exciting moment M, and horizontal exciting force P, act eccentrically along y axis of foundation set (Fig 4.3.4), its horizontal torsional linear displacement may be calculated in accordance with the following formulas: (mM, Ee Pey\y 7 4, == (434-1) F ; z 0-22} new Wen) rar, 4,3.4-2) A, = (4, + Fees) ee) Ky (43.4-3) Where 4yy — Horizontal linear displacement of vibration along x-axis at control point of top surface of foundation generated by torsional vibration (m); A,, — Horizontal linear displacement of vibration along y-axis at control point of top surface of foundation generated by torsional vibration (m); M, — Torsional exciting moment of machine (kN -m); < P. — Horizontal exciting force of machine (KN); €, — Eccentricity of horizontal exciting force of machine along y axis (m); 1, — Horizontal distance along y axis from control point of top of foundation to torsional axis (m); 1, — Horizontal distance along x axis from control point of top of foundation to torsional axis (m); | — Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to vertical axis through its centre of gravity (t-m”); ©, — Natural circular frequency of torsional vibration of foundation set (rad/s). 24Fig 4.3.4 Torsional vibration of foundation set 4.3.5 When horizontal exciting force P, and vertical exciting force P, along x direction eccentrically acting on foundation set, it would be generated vibration coupled with translating along x-axis and rocking about y-axis (Fig. 4.3.5), its vertical and horizontal linear displacements of vibration at control point of top surface of foundation may be calculated in accordance with the following formulas: agp = (Agi + Ag Vu (435-1) Asay = Ayi(Pq1 +t) + Aya(hi =P) (435.2) (4.3.5-3) (4.3.5-4) (43.5-5) (4.3.5-6) (435-7) (4.3.5-8) My = P.(hh +h + Pai) + Pee, >) 25Mg = P.(hy +h, — Poo) + Pees (4.3.5-10) (435-11) 2 on! Pam gree (43.5-12) K,=Cl, (43.5-13) Where zp — Vertical linear displacement of vibration at control point of top surface of foundation generated by vibration coupled with translating along x-axis and rocking about y-axis (m); Axep — Horizontal linear displacement of vibration at control point of top surface of foundation generated by vibration coupled with translating along x-axis and rocking about y-axis (m); Ayiy — Rocking angle displacement in Ist mode of coupled vibration in x ~@ direction of foundation set (rad); Agzy — Rocking angle displacement in 2nd mode of coupled vibration in x~@ direction of foundation set (rad); P61 — Distance from the rocking centre in Ist mode of the coupled vibration inx—@direction of foundation set to the centre of gravity of foundation set (m); Py: — Distance from the rocking centre in 2nd mode of the coupled vibration in x—@ direction of foundation set to the centre of gravity of foundation set (m); M,, — Total exciting moment with respect to the axis through rocking centre 0, in Ist mode of coupled vibration in x—q direction and perpendicular to axis of rocking plane zox (KN-m),; M2 — Total exciting moment with respect to the axis through rocking centre og: in 2nd mode of coupled vibration in x~@ direction and perpendicular to axis of rocking plane zox (kN -m),; ,,, — Natural circular frequency in Ist mode of coupled vibration in x—@ direction of foundation set (rad/s); y9: — Natural circular frequency in 2nd mode of coupled vibration in x~—@ direction of foundation set (rad/s); ©, — Horizontal natural circular frequency in direction x of foundation set (rad/s); ©. — Rocking natural circular frequency rocking about y-axis of foundation 26set (rad/s); +, — Distance from centre of gravity of foundation set to bottom of foundation (m); ‘» — Bending stiffness of subsoil rocking about y-axis of foundation set (KN-m); J, — Mass moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to y-axis through its centre of gravity (t-m”); y — Moment of inertia of foundation set with respect to y-axis through centre of area of foundation base (m*); e, — Eccentricity along x axis of vertical exciting force P, of machine eS 1, (m); +, — Distance from centre of gravity of foundation set to top of foundation (m); hy — Distance from acting line of horizontal exciting force to top of. foundation (m); 9: — Damping ratio in 1st mode of coupled vibration in x-¢ direction of foundation set; $2 — Damping ratio in 2nd mode of coupled vibration in x - @ direction of foundation set. Fig. 4.3.5 Mode of coupled with translating along x axis and rocking about y-axis (a) Istmode _(b) 2nd mode4.3.6 When rocking moment M, and vertical exciting force P, along y direction eccentrically acting on foundation set, it would be generated vibration coupled with translating along y-axis and rocking about x-axis (Fig. 4.3.6), its vertical and horizontal linear displacements of vibration may be calculated in accordance with the following formulas: Aw = (dei + Ara) (43.61) Ayg = Agi (Po1 +1) + Aaah — Poa) (4.3.6-2) less than 0.1%},A, 3. The cross-section area A ,, of lower constructional reinforcement shall not be less than 0.1% bh; 4. The diameter of all steel bars shall not be less than 16 mm, its spacing should be taken as 150~ 250mm. | = Sie Se | Fig. 5.4.5 Sketch of construction reinforcement in side of beam 5.4.6 The strength calculation of members of foundation may be used in accordance with the relevant requirements in section 5.3 in this code, 456 Foundation for turbine compressor 6.1 General requirement 6.1.1 This chapter applies to the foundation design for centrifugal turbine compressor with operating speed more than 3000 r/min. 6.1.2 When designing foundation for turbine compressor, the data listed in 5.1.2 in this code shall be taken. 6.1.3 The reinforced concrete frame structure should be used as the type of foundation for turbine compressor, when the block type or wall type foundation is used, its dynamic calculation and construction may be used in accordance with requirements in chapter 4 in this code. 6.1.4 When the frame foundation is built on seismic zone, its designed intensity earthquake is equal to or less than 8 degree, it may be allowed not to carry out the seismic check. 6.2 Construction requirement 6.2.1 The dimension of frame foundation shall conform to the following requirements: 6.2.1.1 The rectangular plate should be used as baseplate of foundation, its thickness may be taken as 1/10 ~ 1/12 length of baseplate, and should not be less than 800 mm; 6.2.1.2 For column, the rectangular cross-section should be used, its minimum width should be taken as1/10 ~ 1/12 clear height of column, and should not be less than 450 mm; 6.2.1.3 The thickness of top slab of foundation should not be less than 1/4 its clear span, and should not be less than 800 mm. 6.2.2 The reinforcement of frame foundation shall conform to the following requirements: 6.2.2.1 The reinforcement mesh shall be provided along all round as well as top and bottom of the baseplate, the diameter of steel bars should be 14 ~ 16 mm, and the spacing should be 200 ~ 250 mm. When the pile foundation is used, the diameter of steel bars should be 16 ~ 20 mm; 6.2.2.2 The reinforcement of column shall be determined by calculation. The vertical steel bar may be provided symmetrically along all round cross-section of column, its diameter should not be less than 18 mm; 6.2.2.3 The reinforcement mesh shall be provided along all round as well as topand bottom of top slab, the diameter of steel bar should be 14~ 16 mm, and the spacing should be 200 ~ 250 mm. Within the rang of column width the reinforcement of top slab shall be calculated in accordance with beams of longitudinal frame and of transverse frame; 6.2.2.4 When the diameters or the dimensions of all openings or cuttings of baseplate and top slab are more than 300 mm, the reinforced steel bar shall be provided along all round, the diameter of steel bar should be 14 ~ 18 mm, and the spacing should be 200 mm. 6.3 Dynamic calculation 6.3.1 When the exciting force generated by rotor of turbine compressor is less than 15 KN, the dimensions of foundation would conform to the requirement of 6.2.1 in this code, and the equipment and product for vibration of foundation have not particular requirement, it may be allowed not to carry out the dynamic calculation. 6.3.2 The value of exciting force and its acting position of foundation for turbine compressor shall be provided by machine manufacturer, when the data are not available, it may be used in accordance with the following requirements; 6.3.2.1 The exciting force of machine may be calculated in accordance with the following formulas: n ye P, =025", (<2) (6.3.2-1) 3000, P.=P, (6.3.2-2) Bm OSP: (6.3.2-3) Where / — Horizontal exciting force of machine along transverse direction of foundation (kN); ®, — Horizontal exciting force of machine along longitudinal direction of foundation (KN); W, — Weight of rotor of machine (KN). 6.3.2.2 The acting position of exciting force shall be determined in accordance with actual situation of distribution of weight of rotor of machine; 6.3.2.3 When the turbine compressor is driven by electrical machine, the vertical and horizontal exciting forces generated by electrical machine may be used in accordance with the requirements of 5.2.2 in this code; 6.3.2.4 When the gearbox is located between the turbine compressor and driving machine, the calculated weight W, of rotor shall be included with the weight of gear of same rotary speed with gearbox. 476.3.3 The dynamic calculation of frame foundation for turbine compressor should conform to the space mechanics model of multi-degree of freedom and the operating speed with+20% range shall be taken to carry out calculation of sweeping frequency. The damping ratio of conerete structure may be taken as 0.0625, and the modulus of elasticity may be taken as the value of static modulus of elasticity. 6.3.4 When the foundation is subject to number of m exciting forces with different frequencies, the vibration velocity Vj, at checking point i generated by each exciting force shall be calculated respectively, its maximum vibration velocity V may be calculated in accordance with the following formula: v pa) (63.4) Where Vx — Vibration velocity at checking point i generated by exciting force of machine (m/s); 6.3.5 The maximum vibration velocity at control point of top surface of foundation for turbine compressor shall be less than 5.0 mm/s. 6.4 Strength calculation of frame foundation 6.4.1 When the frame foundation conforms to the following conditions, it may be allowed not to carry out the strength calculation: 1. The clear span of top slab is not more than 4.0 m; 2. The weight of machine acting on each frame is not more than 150 KN; 3. The construction of foundation shall be satisfied with the related requirements of section 6.2 in this code, and also the cross-section of column of frame shall not be less than 600 mm X 600 mm, the total reinforcement ratio of vertical steel bar in column shall not be less than 1%, the reinforcement ratio of main steel bar in upper part and lower part of frame beam should be taken as 05% ~ 1.0%, but should not be less than 5 steel bars of the grade II with diameter of 25 mm; 4. The strength grade of concrete should be used C 25. 6.4.2 For the strength calculation of foundation for turbine compressor, except earthquake action, the partial safety factor of each load in 5.3.1 in this code shall be used. The combination of loads may be used in accordance with the requirement of 5.3.14 in this code. 6.4.3 The loads data related with machine equipment shall be provided by machine manufacturer, when the data are not available, may be used in accordance with the following requirements: 1. The standard value of overhaul load on top slab may be taken as 10 kPa,operating load may be taken as 2 kPa; 2. The standard value of vacuum suction force of condenser may be calculated in accordance with the following formula: P, = 1004, (6.4.3) Where P, — Standard value of vacuum suction force of condenser (kN); A, — Cross-section area of joint place between condenser and turbine(m”). 6.4.4 The equivalent load of exciting force for turbine compressor acting on foundation as concentrated load in positive and negative directions, its value may be used in accordance with the following requirements: 1, Vertical equivalent load: N, = 5", im (6.4.4) Where N, — Vertical equivalent load (kN). 2. Transverse and longitudinal equivalent loads may be taken respectively as 1/4, 1/8 of vertical equivalent load, it is concentrated respectively acting on axes of transverse beam and longitudinal beam. 3. For foundation member not subject to weight of machine rotor, its equivalent load in vertical and transverse direction may be taken all as 1/2 weight of members, in longitudinal direction may be taken as 1/4 weight of members. 49ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ke a 7 Foundation for crusher and mill 7.1 Foundation for crusher 7.1.1 This section applies to the foundation design for type of gyratory, jaw, cone, drop-hammer and counter-acting crushers. 7.1.2 When designing foundation for crusher unless the relevant data listed in 3.1.1 in this code, the following data shall be provided by machine manufacturer: 1. The mutual position of crusher and motor and its transmissive form; 2. The acting position of exciting force of crusher. 7.1.3 For foundation the reinforced concrete structure should be used, its type may be the block, wall or frame. 7.1.4 The dimension of each member of wall foundation shall conform to the following requirements: 7.1.4.1 The thickness of top slab of foundation should not be less than 600 mm, and also should not be less than 1/6 span of top slab; 7.1.4.2 The length of cantilever of top slab should not be more than 1500 mm; 7.1.4.3 The thickness of longitudinal wall should not be less than 400 mm, the ratio of height to thickness should not be more than 6; 7.1.4.4 The thickness of transverse wall should not be less than 500 mm, the ratio of height to thickness should not be more than 4; 7.1.4.5 The thickness of baseplate of foundation should not be less than 600 mm, and should not be less than thickness of wall; 7.1.4.6 The length of cantilever of baseplate of foundation should not be more than 2.5 times of thickness of baseplate. Note: The longitudinal wall is parallel with the direction of exciting force of crusher, the transverse wall is perpendicular to the direction of exciting force of crusher. 7.1.5 For the baseplate of frame foundation the flat slab should be used, its thickness shall not be less than 600 mm. 7.1.6 Two or three crushers may be installed on a common foundation, it would be constituted combined foundation, its thickness of baseplate shall not be less than 800 mm. 7.1.7 When the foundation is built on rock and conforms to the requirement of B.0.1 in appendix B in this code, the anchor pile (bar) foundation may be used. 7.1.8 For dynamic calculation of foundation, the linear displacement of vibration. generated by horizontal exciting force may be calculated only, and shall conform to the following requirements: 50