E:\Share\Sushil\29-11-2021\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2_(29-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37

\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

[kaM ^d* µ Li'kZ&2 (dkO; [kaM)

1 euq";rk
µ eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr

ikB dh :ijs[kk
euq";rk dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo ekuork] ,drk] lgkuqHkwfr] mnkjrk vkSj d#.kk dk lans'k nsuk pkgrk gSA og euq"; dks LokFkZ]
fHkUurk] oxZokn] tkfrokn vkfn ladh.kZrkvksa ls eqDr jgus dk lans'k Hkh nsuk pkgrk gSA og euq"; esa mnkjrk osQ Hkko Hkjuk pkgrk
gSA dfo dk ekuuk gS fd gesa viuk thou ijksidkj esa O;rhr djuk pkfg,A lPpk euq"; nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ dke dks loksZifj
ekurk gSA gesa fofHkUu tkfr] /eZ] oxZ osQ yksxksa osQ chp dksbZ varj ugha djuk pkfg,A gesa mnkj ân; okyk cuuk pkfg,] /u
osQ en esa va/k ugha cuuk pkfg,] ekuorkokn dks viukuk pkfg, o ijksidkjh cuuk pkfg,A

ikB dk lkj
^euq";rk* dfork esa dfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr euq"; dks euq";rk dk Hkko viukus osQ fy, dgrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj vkt dk euq";
vius LokFkks± dh iwfrZ gsrq yksdfgr tSlh Hkkouk dks Hkwyrk tk jgk gSA tks euq"; vius fy, thrk gS] og i`Foh ij i'kq osQ leku
gS] D;ksafd i'kq osQ thou dk mn~ns'; [kkuk vkSj lksuk gksrk gSA Hkxoku us euq"; dks lkeF;Zoku cuk;k gSA ;fn euq"; nwljksa dh lsok
djus osQ LFkku ij iwjk thou Lo;a dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djus esa O;FkZ djrk gS] rks og euq"; dgykus yk;d ugha gSA dfo dgrs gSa fd
euq"; dks lnSo lalkj osQ fgr osQ fy, dk;Z djuk pkfg,A tks ijfgr esa thou nku djrk gS] mls yksx lnSo ;kn djrs gSaA dfo
d.kZ] nèkhfp ½f"k] jafrnso] jktk m'khuj vkfn egkfoHkwfr;ksa dk mnkgj.k nsdj euq"; dks yksdfgr osQ fy, izsfjr djrs gSaA os dgrs
gSa] tks euq"; bl lalkj esa nwljksa osQ lsokHkko esa viuk thou lefiZr djrs gSa] os bl lalkj osQ n~okjk gh ugha vfirq Hkxoku osQ
n~okjk Hkh iwtuh; gksrs gSa] os vius dk;ks± ls lekt esa vU; yksxksa dks yksdfgr vkSj lsok dk ekxZ fn[kkrs gq, pyrs gSaA ,sls O;fDr
lekt esa felky dk;e djrs gSaA ;qxksa&;qxksa rd mudh xkFkk xkbZ tkrh gSA vr% euq"; dks vius xq.kksa dk fodkl djrs gq,] iwjk
thou yksdfgr esa vfiZr dj nsuk pkfg,A vr% bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us ijksidkj ,oa HkkbZpkjs osQ Hkkoksa dks eu esa j[kdj
g¡lh&[kq'kh thou thus dk lans'k fn;k gSA

dkO;ka'kksa dh O;k[;k
1- fopkj yks fd eR;Z gks u e`R;q ls Mjks dHkh] ejk ugha ogh fd tks ft;k u vkiosQ fy,A
ejks] ijarq ;ksa ejks fd ;kn tks djsa lHkhA ogh i'kq&izo`fRr gS fd vki vki gh pjs]
gqbZ u ;ksa lqe`R;q rks o`Fkk ejs] o`Fkk ft,] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr th us gesa euq";rk osQ y{k.kksa ls voxr djk;k gSA lkFk gh] mUgksaus gesa bl
lR; ls Hkh voxr djk;k gS fd euq"; vej ugha gSA euq"; ej.k'khy gS] bl ckr dks gesa Lohdkj djuk pkfg,] rHkh gekjs
vanj ls e`R;q dk Hk; nwj gksxkA dfo osQ vuqlkj euq"; dgykus dk vfèkdkj mlh dks gS] tks nwljs osQ fgr rFkk nwljksa dh [kq'kh
osQ fy, thrk vkSj ejrk gSA ,sls euq"; dks e`R;q osQ ckn Hkh mlosQ vPNs deks± osQ fy, ;qxksa&;qxksa rd ;kn fd;k tkrk gS] bl
izdkj ijksidkjh euq"; ej dj Hkh nqfu;k esa vej gks tkrk gSA
tcfd LokFkhZ euq"; osQoy viuk Hkyk o LokFkZ lksprs gSa vkSj [kqn osQ fy, thrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa osQ ej tkus ij mUgsa dksbZ ;kn
ugha j[krkA dfo osQ vuqlkj ,sls euq";ksa ,oa i'kqvksa esa dksbZ varj ugha gksrk gS] D;ksafd i'kq Hkh nwljksa osQ ckjs esa lksps fcuk osQoy
vius fgr osQ ckjs esa lksprs gSa vkSj oSls gh thou&;kiu djrs gSaA
2- mlh mnkj dh dFkk ljLorh c[kkurh] rFkk mlh mnkj dks leLr l`f"V iwtrhA
mlh mnkj ls /jk o`QrkFkZ Hkko ekurhA v[kaM vkRe Hkko tks vlhe fo'o esa Hkjs]
mlh mnkj dh lnk ltho dhfrZ owQtrh_ ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
9
E:\Share\Sushil\29-11-2021\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2_(29-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37
\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us nkuh ,oa mnkj O;fDr dk xq.kxku fd;k gSA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr th osQ vuqlkj tks euq"; nkuh ,oa
mnkj gksrs gS]a mUgsa lnSo ;kn fd;k tkrk gS ,oa mudk xq.kxku fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls O;fDr;ksa osQ uke bfrgkl dh iqLrdksa esa Lof.kZe v{kjksa
ls fy[ks tkrs gSAa Lo;a ljLorh ekrk mudh dhfrZ dk c[kku djrh gSa ,oa /jrh [kqn mudh mnkjrk dk ½.k ekurh gSA lkjk lalkj ,sls
mnkj] ijksidkjh vkSj nkuh euq"; dh iwtk djrk gSA ,sls euq"; gh fo'o esa vkReh;rk] ,drk rFkk v[akMrk dk Hkko Hkjrs gSAa var esa
dfo dgrs gSa fd lPps vFkksZa esa euq"; ogh gS] tks ges'kk nwljs euq"; dk Hkyk lksprk gS vkSj mlosQ Hkys osQ fy, ej Hkh ldrk gSA
3- {kq/krZ jafrnso us fn;k djLFk Fkky Hkh] lg"kZ ohj d.kZ us 'kjhj&peZ Hkh fn;kA
rFkk n/hfp us fn;k ijkFkZ vfLFktky HkhA vfuR; nsg osQ fy, vukfn tho D;k Mjs\
m'khuj f{krh'k us Loekal nku Hkh fd;k] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, gesa ;g crk;k gS fd ,sls cgqr ls fdLls gSa] ftuesa
gesa nkuh O;fDr;ksa dk xq.kxku feyrk gSA bu iafDr;ksa esa eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr th us gesa dbZ mnkgj.k fn, gSaA Hkw[k ls O;koqQy jafrnso
us vius gkFk esa idM+h gqbZ [kkus dh Fkkyh Hkh nku esa ns nh FkhA ogha n/hfp ½f"k us vlqjksa ls j{kk osQ fy, nsorkvksa dks viuh
gM~fM;k¡ nku dj nh FkhaA egf"kZ n/hfp dh gM~fM;ksa ls gh nsorkvksa us otz (,d izdkj dk nSoh; vL=k) cukdj vlqjksa dk lagkj
fd;kA fiQj ,d dcwrj dh j{kk djus osQ fy, xa/kj ns'k osQ jktk m'khuj us vius 'kjhj dk ekal dkV dj nku esa ns fn;k FkkA
blhfy, dfo dgrs gSa fd vkRek rks vej gS] fiQj nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ fy, 'kjhj dks tksf[ke esa Mkyus ls D;k MjukA vius
thou dk mi;ksx nwljs euq";ksa osQ vPNs osQ fy, djus ij gh rks ge euq"; dgykus osQ yk;d curs gSaA
4- lgkuqHkwfr pkfg,] egkfoHkwfr gS ;gh_ fouhr yksdoxZ D;k u lkeus >qdk jgk\
o'kho`Qrk lnSo gS cuh gqbZ Lo;a eghA vgk! ogh mnkj gS ijksidkj tks djs]
fo#n~èkokn cqn~/ dk n;k&izokg esa cgk] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us lgkuqHkwfr] d#.kk rFkk midkj dh Hkkouk dks ekuo dk lcls cM+k /u crk;k gSA ftl
O;fDr esa midkj djus dh Hkkouk gksrh gS] ogh /uoku dgykus ;ksX; gS vkSj ,sls /uoku O;fDr rks Lo;a bZ'oj dks Hkh vius
o'k esa dj ldrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkxoku cqn~/ us tu&dY;k.k osQ fy, lkekftd :f<+okn dk fojks/ fd;k vkSj n;k dks
gh euq"; dk vlyh vkHkw"k.k crk;kA blh otg ls yksx vkt Hkh mUgsa iwtrs gSaA
5- jgks u Hkwy osQ dHkh enka/ rqPN foRr esa] n;kyq nhuca/q osQ cM+s fo'kky gkFk gSaA
lukFk tku vkidks djs u xoZ fpRr esaA vrho HkkX;ghu gS v/hj Hkko tks djs]
vukFk dkSu gS ;gk¡\ f=kyksdukFk lkFk gSa] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us gesa ?keaM ,oa vgadkj tSlh cqjh Hkkoukvksa ls nwj jgus dks dgk gSA muosQ vuqlkj bl lalkj
esa dksbZ Hkh vosQyk ;k vukFk ugha gS] gj iy rhuksa yksdksa osQ Lokeh Lo;a ge lHkh osQ lkFk gSaA dfo gesa dgrs gSa fd dHkh Hkh
vius ;'k] /u&nkSyr bR;kfn ij ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj nwljksa dks mis{kk dh u”kj ls ugha ns[kuk pkfg,A bZ'oj dh u”kj esa
ge lc ,d leku gSaA vkxs dfo mu O;fDr;ksa dks vR;ar HkkX;ghu ekurs gSa] tks lkalkfjd fpark esa O;koqQy gSa vkSj ftUgsa bZ'oj
dh mifLFkfr dk ”kjk Hkh Kku ugha gSA
6- vuar varfj{k esa vuar nso gSa [kM+s] vHkh veR;Z vad esa viad gks p<+ks lHkhA
le{k gh Lockgq tks c<+k jgs cM+s&cM+sA jgks u ;ksa fd ,d ls u dke vkSj dk ljs]
ijLijkoyac ls mBks rFkk c<+ks lHkh] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo gesa ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk djrs gq, mn~/kj osQ jkLrs ij pyus dk lans'k ns jgs gSaA muosQ
vuqlkj e`R;q osQ ckn nsorkx.k Lo;a vius gkFk iSQyk, ijksidkjh ,oa n;kyq euq";ksa dk Lokxr djsaxsA os pkgrs gSa fd mn~èkkj ikus
esa euq"; ijLij ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk djsaA bl izdkj dfo gesa ,d&nwljs dk dY;k.k djus dk ekxZ crk jgs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj
,slk euq";] euq"; dgykus osQ yk;d ugha gS] tks ”k:jr iM+us ij nwljs euq"; dh lgk;rk u dj losQA
7- ^euq"; ek=k ca/q gS* ;gh cM+k foosd gS] ijarq varjSD; esa izek.khHkwr osn gSaA
iqjk.kiq#"k Lo;aHkw firk izfln~/ ,d gSA vuFkZ gS fd ca/q gh u ca/q dh O;Fkk gjs]
iQykuqlkj deZ osQ vo'; ckg~; Hksn gSa] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
10 fganh ^c*&10
E:\Share\Sushil\29-11-2021\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2_(29-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37
\ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us dgk gS fd lcls cM+h le>nkjh bl ckr dks le>us esa gS fd lHkh euq"; HkkbZ&ca/q gSaA
mUgksaus dgk gS fd fl-iZQ ckgj ls gh gekjs jax&:i esa varj gSA yksx deZ osQ vuqlkj ,d&nwljs dks vyx&vyx le>us dh Hkwy
djrs gSa] ysfdu lHkh dh vkRek esa ,d gh ijekRek dk fuokl gSA ge lHkh ijes'oj dks iwT;firk osQ leku ekurs gSaA fiQj dfo
dgrs gSa fd ,sls HkkbZ (euq";) osQ gksus dk iQk;nk gh D;k] tks ”k:jr iM+us ij nwljs HkkbZ (euq";) dh lgk;rk u dj losQA
8- pyks vHkh"V ekxZ esa lg"kZ [ksyrs gq,] vroZQ ,d iaFk osQ lroZQ iaFk gksa lHkhA
foifRr] fo?u tks iM+as mUgsa <osQyrs gq,A rHkh leFkZ Hkko gS fd rkjrk gqvk rjs]
?kVs u gsyesy gk¡] c<+s u fHkUurk dHkh] ogh euq"; gS fd tks euq"; osQ fy, ejsAA
O;k[;kµ izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfo gesa vius y{; osQ ekxZ ij fcuk #osQ fujarj pyus jgrs dk mins'k ns jgs gSaA dfo dgrs gSa fd
jkLrs esa ftruh Hkh ck/k,¡ vk,¡] mUgsa lkgliwoZd ikj djosQ vkxs c<+rs jguk pkfg,A ijarq gesa ,slk djrs gq,] vkilh HksnHkko dks
dHkh Hkh c<+us ugha nsuk gS vkSj vkilh HkkbZpkjs dks de Hkh ugha gksus nsuk gSA gekjh lkeF;Zrk rHkh fln~/ gksxh] tc ge vius
lkFk&lkFk nwljksa dk Hkh Hkyk djsaxs] ,slk djus ij gh ge lgh ek;uksa esa euq"; dgykus osQ yk;d cusaxsA bl izdkj dfo us gesa
ijksidkj ,oa HkkbZpkjs osQ Hkkoksa dks eu esa j[kdj g¡lh&[kq'kh thou thus dk lans'k fn;k gSA

'kCnkFkZ
i`"B&20&21
eR;Zµ ej.k'khy] o`Fkkµ csdkj] i'kq&izo`fRrµ i'kq tSlk LoHkko] mnkjµ lân;] /jkµ /jrh] o`QrkFkZµ vkHkkjh@/U;]
lthoµ tkunkj] dhfrZµ izfln~f/] owQtrhµ xw¡trh@e/qj èofu djrh] l`f"Vµ lalkj] v[kaMµ tks [kafMr u gks] vlheµ lhek
jfgr] fo'oµ lalkj] {kq/krZµ Hkw[k ls O;koqQy] jafrnsoµ ,d ije nkuh jktk] djLFkµ gkFk esa idM+k gqvk] ijkFkZµ nwljksa
osQ fy,] n/hfpµ ,d izfln~/ ½f"k] ftudh gM~fM;ksa ls banz dk otz cuk Fkk] vfLFktkyµ gM~fM;ksa dk lewg] m'khujµ
xa/kj ns'k dk jktk] f{kfrtµ jktk] Loekalµ vius 'kjhj dk ekal] d.kZµ nkuohj@oaqQrh dk iq=k] peZµ peM+k] vfuR;µ feVus
okyh] egkfoHkwfrµ cM+h Hkkjh iw¡th] o'kho`Qrkµ o'k esa dh gqbZ] fo#n~/okn cqn~/ dkµ cqn~/ us ikjaifjd ekU;rkvksa dk fojks/
fd;k Fkk] enka/µ en (xoZ) esa va/k] rqPNµ ux.;@de] foRrµ /u] xoZµ ?keaM] vrhoµ cgqr] vèkhjµ cspSu] vuarµ
ftldk var u gks] le{kµ lkeus] Lockgqµ viuh ck¡g] ijLijkoyacµ ,d nwljs dk lgkjk] vadµ xksn] viadµ dyad&jfgr]
Lo;aHkwµ ijekRek@Lo;a mRiUu gksus okyk] varjSD;µ varj@ân; dh ,drk] izek.kHkwrµ lk{kh] O;Fkkµ d"V@rdyh-iQ] foifRrµ
eqf'dy] fo?uµ #dkoV] vroZQµ roZQ ls ijs] lroZQ iaFkµ lko/ku ;k=khA
vH;kl iz'uksRrj
I. cgqfodYih; iz'u
1- dfo dh n`f"V esa lqe`R;q D;k gS\
(i) tc ejus osQ ckn euq"; vej gks tk,
(ii) tc ejus osQ ckn euq"; dks yksx mlosQ vPNs xq.kksa osQ dkj.k ;kn djsa
(iii) tc euq"; vius ifjtuksa osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gh dke djrs&djrs ej tk,
(iv) tc euq"; lekt osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, ej tk,
2- euq"; dk ejuk&thuk fdl n`f"V ls O;FkZ gS\
(i) tc euq"; fdlh osQ dke u vk losQ
(ii) tc euq"; vius ifjokj tuksa rd osQ Hkh dke u vk losQ
(iii) tc ejus osQ ckn euq"; dks dksbZ ;kn djus okyk Hkh u gks
(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
3- vkidh n`f"V esa dkSu ejs osQ leku gS\
(i) ftldh e`R;q vkidh utjksa osQ lkeus gks tk,
(ii) ftldh e`R;q vkidh tkudkjh esa gks
euq";rk   11
D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37 (AC)
\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

(iii) tks t:jr iM+us ij vkiosQ fdlh dke u vk losQ]

(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- i'kq vkSj euq"; esa ewyHkwr varj D;k gS\
(i) i'kq vius fy, thrk gS] tcfd euq"; leLr ekuo tkfr osQ fy,
(ii) i'kq vius rFkk vius cPpksa osQ ckjs esa lksprk gS] tcfd euq"; osQoy vius ckjs esa
(iii) i'kq rFkk euq"; osQoy vius ckjs esa lksprs gSa
(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5- ljLorh fdldk xq.kxku djrh gSa\
(i) vketu dk (ii) LokFkhZ rFkk ykyph yksxksa dk (iii) mnkj yksxksa dk (iv) lHkh yksxksa dk
6- ^v[kaM vkRe Hkko* dk D;k vFkZ gS\
(i) laiw.kZ ,drk ,oa vkReh;rk dk Hkko (ii) laiw.kZ ,drk dk Hkko
(iii) laiw.kZ vkReh;rk dk Hkko (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
7- fdldh dhfrZ lnk owQtrh jgrh gS\
(i) LokFkhZ dh (ii) mnkj dh (iii) Hkys ekuq"k dh (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh dh
8- leLr l`f"V fdldh iwtk djrh gS\
(i) èkkfeZd izo`fRr osQ O;fDr dh (ii) lkekftd O;fDr dh (iii) mnkj O;fDr dh (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh dh
9- n/hfp us nwljksa osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, fdl ph”k dk nku fd;k Fkk\
(i) xk;ksa dk (ii) Hkwfe dk (iii) vius 'kjhj osQ ekal dk (iv) viuh vfLFk;ksa dk
10- fdlus [kq'kh&[kq'kh vius 'kjhj osQ peZ rd dk nku dj fn;k Fkk\
(i) jafrnso us (ii) xa/kj ns'k osQ jktk m'khuj us (iii) n/hfp us (iv) ohj d.kZ us
11- dfo osQ vuqlkj nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ fy, u'oj 'kjhj dks tksf[ke esa Mkyus ls D;ksa ugha Mjuk pkfg,\
(i) D;ksafd vkRek vtj&vej gS] bldk uk'k ugha gksrk] Hkys gh 'kjhj dk uk'k gks tk,
(ii) D;ksafd nwljksa dh HkykbZ djus dk ekSdk ckj&ckj ugha feyrk
(iii) D;ksafd nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ fy, tksf[ke mBkdj vius dks izfln~/ fd;k tk ldrk gS
(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
12- fdlus Hkw[k ls ihfM+r gksus ij Hkh vius gkFk esa idM+s Fkky dks Hkh nku esa ns fn;k Fkk\
(i) ijenkuh jktk jafrnso us (ii) xa/kj osQ jktk f{krh'k us (iii) nkuohj d.kZ us (iv) egf"kZ n/hfp us
13- euq"; osQ fdl xq.k osQ dkj.k èkjrh Hkh mlosQ o'k esa gks tkrh gS\
(i) ekuork (ii) lgkuqHkwfr (iii) HkkbZpkjk (iv) dV~Vjrk
14- cqn~/ dk fo#n~/okn D;k Fkk\
(i) yksxksa dks vfgalk dk mins'k nsuk (ii) d#.kko'k ml le; dh xyr ekU;rkvksa dk fojksèk djuk
(iii) yksxksa dks 'kklu osQ fo#n~/ djuk (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
15- dfo osQ vuqlkj mnkj dkSu gS\
(i) lcdks viuk le>us okyk (ii) yksxksa ij n;k djus okyk (iii) ijksidkj djus okyk (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
16- dfo us euq"; dh lcls cM+h iw¡th fdls dgk gS\
(i) n;k (ii) d#.kk (iii) lgkuqHkwfr (iv) vfgalk
17- yksx D;ksa enka/ gks tkrs gSa\
(i) vius ikl /u&laifRr gksus osQ dkj.k (ii) Hkjk&iwjk ifjokj gksus osQ dkj.k
(iii) cgqr cM+k Kkuh gksus osQ dkj.k (iv) bZ'oj&HkfDr osQ dkj.k
18- lalkj esa dksbZ Hkh vukFk D;ksa ugha gS\
(i) D;ksafd lcosQ ekrk&firk gSa
(ii) yksxksa dk I;kj feyus osQ dkj.k vukFk dks bldk irk gh ugha pyrk
12 fganh ^c*&10
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\ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

(iii) vukFkksa dks lnk f=kyksdhukFk dk lkFk feyrk jgrk gS

(iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
19- dfo us oSQls yksxksa dks HkkX;ghu dgk gS\
(i) tks bZ'oj dks ugha ekurs (ii) ftuosQ ikl /u&laifRr dk vHkko gks
(iii) vkSj&vkSj ikus dh ykylk esa v/hj jgus okyksa dks (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
20- lukFk gksus ij yksxksa osQ eu esa oSQls Hkko vkrs gSa\
(i) vfHkeku dk (ii) fuMjrk dk (iii) ¯prk dk (iv) larqf"V dk
21- mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa osQ vuqlkj ^vuar nso* fdlosQ fy, [kM+s gSa\
(i) vla[; nsorkvksa osQ fy, (ii) egku dke djus okys vla[; yksxksa osQ fy,
(iii) gekjs 'kqHkfpardksa osQ fy, (iv) buesa ls fdlh osQ fy, ugha
22- mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa esa dfo yksxksa dks D;k lans'k ns jgk gS\
(i) Lokoyach cudj vkxs c<+us dk (ii) ,d&nwljs dk lgk;d cuus dk
(iii) leL;kvksa ls eqfDr osQ fy, bZ'oj dh Lrqfr djus dk (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
23- dfo osQ vuqlkj gesa nso rqY; yksxksa dk laj{k.k ikus osQ fy, vius dks fdl izdkj j[kuk pkfg,\
(i) nks"k jfgr (ii) izse ;qDr
(iii) ifjJeh (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
24- dfo liQyrk dh m¡Qpkb;ksa dks fdl izdkj izkIr djus osQ fy, izsfjr dj jgk gS\
(i) vius cy ij (ii) ,d&nwljs osQ lg;ksx ls (iii) LokFkZ dh lgk;rk ls (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
25- dfo osQ vuqlkj lcls cM+k foosd D;k gS\
(i) laiw.kZ ekuo tkfr ijLij ca/q&cka/o dh rjg gS (ii) ijekRek lcdk firk gS
(iii) (i) rFkk (ii) nksuksa (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
26- osn esa fdl ckr dks izekf.kr fd;k x;k gS\
(i) lcdk 'kjhj jDr vkSj gkM+&ekal ls cuk gS (ii) lcosQ vanj ,d tSlh vkRek gS
(iii) lcosQ vanj ,d leku Hkko mRiUu gksrs gSa (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
27- ckg~; rkSj ij euq";ksa esa Hksn D;ksa gS\
(i) lalk/uksa osQ vleku c¡Vokjs osQ dkj.k (ii) deZ&iQy dh vlekurk osQ dkj.k
(iii) HkkSxksfyd dkj.kksa ls (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
28- ,d ca/q dk nwljs ca/q osQ nq[k&rdyhiQ dks nwj u djuk dfo dh n`f"V esa D;k gS\
(i) mfpr (ii) vuqfpr (iii) vuFkZdkjh (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
29- yksxksa dks bfPNr ekxZ ij fdl izdkj c<+uk pkfg,\
(i) izlUu eu ls [ksyrs&owQnrs gq, (ii) ekxZ esa vkus okyh fo?u&ckèkkvksa dks nwj djrs gq,
(iii) (i) rFkk (ii) nksuksa (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
30- fdl dke osQ dkj.k gekjh ,drk ?kVuh ugha pkfg, rFkk gekjs chp dh fHkUurk c<+uh ugha pkfg,\
(i) bfPNr ekxZ ij c<+us osQ Øe esa (ii) fdlh Hkh dke esa
(iii) pqus gq, dkeksa esa (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh esa
31- lHkh viuh eaf”ky ikus osQ fy, fdl izdkj vkxs c<+s\
(i) roZQ ls ijs gksdj lko/kuhiwoZd (ii) fo?u&ck/kvksa ls le>kSrk djrs gq,
(iii) roZQ&foroZQ djrs gq, vlko/kuhiwoZd (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
32- dfo osQ vuqlkj euq"; dk leFkZ Hkko gSµ
(i) osQoy viuk fodkl djuk
(ii) lnk nwljksa dh rjDdh esa lgk;rk djuk
(iii) [kqn dk fodkl djuk rFkk bl dk;Z esa nwljksa dh Hkh enn djuk (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
euq";rk   13
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\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

m Rrjµ 1- (ii) 2. (iii) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5- (iii) 6. (i)

7. (ii) 8. (iii) 9- (iv) 10. (iv) 11. (i) 12. (i)
13- (ii) 14. (ii) 15. (iii) 16. (iii) 17- (i) 18. (iii)
19. (iii) 20. (i) 21- (ii) 22. (ii) 23. (i) 24. (ii)
25- (i) 26. (ii) 27. (ii) 28. (iii) 29- (iii) 30. (i)
31. (i) 32. (iii)
II. y?kq mRrjh; iz'u (2 vad)
1. dfo us oSQlh e`R;q dks lqe`R;q dgk gS\ (CBSE 2017)
mñ dfo us ,slh e`R;q dks lqe`R;q dgk gS tks ekuork dh jkg esa ijksidkj djrs gq, vkrh gS] ftlosQ ckn euq"; dks ;kn j[kk
tkrk gSA
2. mnkj O;fDr dh igpku oSQls gks ldrh gS\
mñ mnkj O;fDr ijksidkjh gksrk gSA og viuk iwjk thou iq.; o yksdfgr osQ dk;ksZa esa fcrk nsrk gSA og fdlh ls HksnHkko ugha
j[krk] cfYd vkReh; Hkko j[krk gSA dfo vkSj ys[kd Hkh mlosQ xq.kksa dh ppkZ vius ys[kksa esa djrs gSaA og fut LokFkks± dk
R;kx dj thou dk eksg Hkh ugha j[krkA
3. dfo us n/hfp] d.kZ vkfn egku O;fDr;ksa dk mnkgj.k nsdj ^euq";rk* osQ fy, D;k lans'k fn;k gS\
mñ dfo us n/hfp] d.kZ vkfn egku O;fDr;ksa dk mnkgj.k nsdj ^euq";rk* osQ fy, ;g lans'k fn;k gS fd ijksidkj osQ fy,
viuk loZLo ;gk¡ rd fd vius izk.k rd U;ksNkoj djus dks rS;kj jguk pkfg,A ;gk¡ rd fd ijfgr osQ fy, vius 'kjhj
rd dk nku djus dks rS;kj jguk pkfg,A n/hfp us ekuork dh j{kk osQ fy, vfLFk;k¡ rFkk d.kZ us [kky rd nku dj nhA
gekjk 'kjhj rks u'oj gS] mldk eksg j[kuk O;FkZ gSA ijksidkj djuk gh lPph euq";rk gSA gesa ;gh djuk pkfg,A
4. dfo us fdu iafDr;ksa esa ;g O;Dr fd;k gS fd gesa xoZ jfgr thou O;rhr djuk pkfg,\ (CBSE 2009)
mñ fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa xoZ jfgr thou O;rhr djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSµ
jgks u Hkwy osQ dHkh enka/ rqPN foRr esa] lukFk tku vkidks djks u xoZ fpRr esaAA
5. ^euq"; ek=k ca/q gS* ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ Li"V dhft,A (CBSE 2005, 2007, 2012)
mñ ^euq"; ek=k ca/q gS* ls rkRi;Z gS fd lHkh euq"; vkil esa HkkbZ&ca/q gSa D;ksafd lHkh dk firk ,d bZ'oj gSA blfy, lHkh
dks izse&Hkko ls jguk pkfg,] lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A dksbZ ijk;k ugha gSA lHkh ,d&nwljs osQ dke vk,¡A
6. dfo us lcdks ,d gksdj pyus dh izsj.kk D;ksa nh gS\ (CBSE 2012 SP)
mñ dfo us lcdks ,d lkFk pyus dh izsj.kk blfy, nh gS D;ksafd lHkh euq"; ml ,d gh ijefirk ijes'oj dh larku gSa]
blfy, ca/qRo osQ ukrs gesa lHkh dks lkFk ysdj pyuk pkfg, D;ksafd leFkZ Hkko Hkh ;gh gS fd ge lcdk dY;k.k djrs
gq, viuk dY;k.k djsaA
7. ^euq";rk* dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo D;k lans'k nsuk pkgrk gS\ (CBSE 2012, 2019)
mñ ^euq";rk* dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo ;g lans'k nsuk pkgrk gS fd gesa viuk thou ijksidkj esa O;rhr djuk pkfg,A lPpk
euq"; nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ dke dks loksZifj ekurk gSA gesa euq";&euq"; osQ chp dksbZ varj ugha djuk pkfg,A gesa mnkj
ân; cuuk pkfg,A gesa /u osQ en esa va/k ugha cuuk pkfg,A gesa ekuorkokn dks viukuk pkfg,A
8. dfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr osQ vuqlkj] euq"; dc vgadkjh gks tkrk gS vkSj D;ksa\ (CBSE 2013)
mñ dfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dk ekuuk gS fd euq"; /u&laifRr vkus ij vgadkjh gks tkrk gS] D;ksafd og bl rqPN /u&laifRr
dh izkfIr gksus ij Lo;a dks cM+k egRoiw.kZ le>us yxk gSA mls viuh laifRr dk vfHkeku gks tkrk gSA og laifRrfoghu
yksxksa dks rqPN ,oa O;FkZ le>us yxrk gSA
9. ^euq";rk* dfork esa ^vHkh"V ekxZ* fdls dgk x;k gS vkSj D;ksa\ (CBSE 2012)
mñ ^euq";rk* dfork esa vHkh"V ekxZ ,sls ekxZ dks dgk x;k gS] ftlosQ ekè;e ls lHkh O;fDr;ksa dh bPNkvksa dks iwjk fd;k tk
losQ rFkk ftlls leLr lekt dk dY;k.k gksA
10. ^euq";rk* dfork osQ vk/kj ij fdUgha rhu ekuoh; xq.kksa osQ ckjs esa fyf[k,A (CBSE 2014)
mñ jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us ^euq";rk* dfork osQ ekè;e ls gesa ekuoh; xq.kksa dks viukus dh lykg nh gSA dfo osQ vuqlkj]
14 fganh ^c*&10
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\ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

thuk&ejuk mlh dk lkFkZd gS] tks nwljksa osQ fy, thrk&ejrk gSA ijksidkj] n;kyqrk rFkk mnkjrk] ;s rhu ,sls xq.k gSa] tks
ekuo&thou dks lkFkZd cukus esa l{ke gSaA osQoy vius fy, thuk i'kq&izo`fRr gS] tcfd nwljksa osQ fy, thuk gh lPps vFkks±
esa euq";rk gSA
11. O;fDr dks fdl izdkj dk thou O;rhr djuk pkfg,\ CBSE 2013
mñ euq"; dks ijksidkjh thou O;rhr djuk pkfg,A mls vius vHkh"V ekxZ ij fujaRkj vkxs c<+rs tkuk pkfg,A lPpk O;fDr
ijksidkj djosQ gh vius thou dks liQy cuk ldrk gSA ;gh ekxZ mlosQ fy, vHkh"V gSA
12. dfork osQ vk/kj ij ^euq";rk* dh ifjHkk"kk crkb,A CBSE 2016
mñ jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us ca/qRo dh Hkkouk dks lcls foosd'khy ekuk gSA ^euq";rk* dfork osQ vuqlkj] bl lalkj esa
dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ijk;k ugha gSA euq"; dks ekuork dk i{k/j gksuk pkfg,A lc euq"; HkkbZ&HkkbZ gSa_ izR;sd euq"; osQ izfr ;gh
n`f"Vdks.k mldh foosd'khyrk dk ifjpk;d gSA
III. mPp ¯pru {kerk ,oa vfHkO;fDr vk/kfjr iz'u (4 vad)
1. dfo us vki gh vki pjus dks i'kq&izo`fRr dgk gSA vki euq";o`fRr fdls ekurs gSa\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
mñ euq"; tc rd LokFkZ esa Mwck jgrk gS] vius&vki rd lhfer jgrk gS rFkk nwljksa osQ ckjs esa u lksprk gS] u oqQN djrk gS rks mls
i'kq&izof` Rr dgk tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr esjk ekuuk gS fd tc O;fDr viuk LokFkZ R;kxdj nwljksa dh HkykbZ osQ fy, oqQN djrk
gS] nwljksa osQ mRFkku osQ fo"k; esa lksprk gS] mUgsa viuk ekudj muosQ izfr laons u'khyrk j[krk gS vkSj euq";rk dk Hkko cuk, j[krk
gS rks bls euq";o`fRr dgrs gSAa R;kx] ijksidkj] lgkuqHkwfr] lâ;rk tSls mPp ekuoh; xq.k euq";o`fRr dks cuk, j[krs gSAa
2- jktk jafrnso] m'khuj jktk f'kfo vkfn dk mYYks[k fdl lanHkZ eas fd;k x;k gS\ buosQ dk;ks± ls vkidks D;k izsj.kk
feyrh gS\
mñ jktk jafrnso rFkk m'khuj jktk f'kfo dk mYys[k muosQ n~okjk euq";rk osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, fd, x, dk;ks± osQ lanHkZ esa fd;k
x;k gSA jktk jafrnso dks vdky esa yxHkx Ms<+ ekg ckn ,d Fkkyh Hkkstu feykA os mls [kkuk gh pkg jgs Fks fd ,d
Hkw[kk O;fDr muosQ lkeus vk x;kA os viuk Hkkstu mls f[kykdj Lo;a Hkw[ks jg x,A blh rjg m'khuj jktk f'kfo us viuh
'kj.k esa vk, dcwrj osQ izk. kksa dh j{kk osQ fy, f'kdkjh dks dcwrj osQ cnys vius 'kjhj dk ek¡l nsdj euq";rk dk vuwBk
mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;kA muosQ dk;ks± ls gesa euq";rk cuk, j[kus rFkk ijksidkj djus dh izsj.kk feyrh gSA
3- vkt lalkj ftl oLrq dks i¡wth eku cSBk gS] mls vki fdruk mfpr ekurs gSa\ vkiosQ fopkj ls vlyh i¡wth fdls
ekuuk pkfg,\
mñ vkt lalkj HkkSfrd oLrqvksa vkSj /u&laifÙk dks i¡wth eku cSBk gSA yksxksa dh bl lksp dks eSa mfpr ugha le>rk gw¡A ;g lR;
gS fd thou&;kiu osQ fy, /u dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ij /u lc oqQN ugha gS] D;ksafd /u en mRiUu djus dk dkjd
gksus osQ vykok rqPN oLrq Hkj gh gSA esjs fopkj ls euq";rk dks c<+kok nsus okys ekuoh; xq.k n;k] d#.kk] R;kx] lgkuqHkwfr]
ikjLifjd izse] ln~Hkko] lejlrk vkfn dks vlyh i¡wth ekuuk pkfg,A bl i¡wth osQ vHkko esa lalkj esa euq";rk dk vHkko
gksrk tk,xk vkSj LokFkZ dk cksyckyk c<+rk tk,xkA
4- dfo dk ekuuk gS fd lalkj eas dksbZ vukFk ugha gSA mldh bl lksp dks vki fdruk mfpr ;k vuqfpr ekurs gSa vkSj D;ks\a
mñ euq"; osQ ikl tSls gh FkksM+h nkSyr vk tkrh gS] og ?keaM djus yxrk gS vkSj viuh euq";rk [kks cSBrk gSA og ;g Hkh Hkwy
tkrk gS fd vlyh ekfyd bZ'oj gSA og tc ftls ftruk nsuk pkgrk gS] nsrk gSA og ;g nkSyr lcdks nsrk gS] blfy,
lalkj esa dksbZ vukFk ugha gSA bZ'oj vn`'; :i ls lcosQ lkFk gSA mlosQ fo'kky gkFk lcdh j{kk osQ fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA
og gjsd dk fgrS"kh gSA ,sls esa /u vkfn dk ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj u fdlh dks vukFk le>uk pkfg,A
5- ^euq";rk* dfork esa dfo us Hkxoku cqn~/ n~okjk fn, x, ftu lans'kksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS] vkt osQ lanHkZ esa mudh
izklafxdrk Li"V dhft,A
mñ Hkxoku cqn~/ ftu fnuksa turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, lans'k vkSj Kku ns jgs Fks] ml le; lekt esa rjg&rjg dh oqQjhfr;k¡
O;kIr FkhA ml le; ¯glk dk cksy&ckyk Fkk vkSj /eZ osQ uke ij fujhg tkuojksa dh cfy nh tkrh FkhA mUgksaus bu thoksa
osQ izfr gh ugha lewph ekuork osQ izfr n;k osQ izokg dk lans'k fn;k] ftlls vusd oqQjhfr;k¡ lekIr gks xb±A vkt lekt
esa tc m¡Qp&uhp] tkfr&/eZ] {ks=k] Hkk"kk vkfn osQ uke ij ,d&nwljs dk 'kks"k.k fd;k tk jgk gS] R;kx vkSj n;k yqIr gksrh
tk jgh gS] rc cqn~/ n~okjk fn, x, lans'kksa dh vko';drk vkSj izklafxdrk vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA
euq";rk   15