laikndh;

f'k {kk Hkkoh thou dh rS;kjh gksrh gSA blfy, f'k{kk dh ifjdYiuk esa orZeku ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfo";
dh dYiuk Hkh ges'kk tqM+h jgrh gSA bl Hkfo";ksUeq[krk ds cxSj f'k{kk dk dkjksckj fd;k tkuk eqf'dy
gSA f'k{kk ls tqM+s yksx f'k{kk ds tfj, lekt ds Hkfo"; dk liuk ns[kus okys yksx gksrs gSAa ,d ,slk
liuk ftls os lkdkj djuk pkgrs gSAa vius lekt] yksxksa ds thou esa ?kfVr gksrs ns[kuk pkgrs gSAa bl
ek;us esa f'k{kk Hkfo"; ds izfr vk'kkoku yksxksa dk dkjksckj gSA f'k{kk dk dksbZ Hkh miØe cxSj Hkfo";
dh dYiuk ds iwjk gksuk eqf'dy gSA blfy, f'k{kk dks ysdj pyus okyh cgls]a [khaprku lc ml Hkkoh
lius dks ysdj Hkh gksrh gSa ftls yksx ;k yksxksa ds lewg vius&vius fy, ns[kuk pkgrs gSAa ;g [khaprku
vkSj rh[kh gks tkrh gS tc ge vius lius dks nwljksa }kjk ns[kk tkuk Hkh r; djus yxrs gSa vkSj ;gha
ugha #drs cfYd muds lius dks x<+us yxrs gSAa ;gh og otg gS tks f'k{kk dks jktuSfrd vkdka{kkvksa
dk dsna z cukrh gS vkSj fdrkcksa ds iUuksa ls ysdj 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa o lM+dksa rd jktuSfrd rwQku mB [kM+s
gksrs gSAa ;g ckr tgka ,d rjQ f'k{kk dh vgfe;r dks fn[kkrh gS ogha bl otg ls f'k{kk dks uqdlku
gksus dh laHkkouk Hkh mruh gh c<+ tkrh gSA
,d cM+k uqdlku ge f'k{kk ds oSpkfjd vkxzg ds ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij bLrseky gks tkus ds [krjs esa
ns[k ldrs gSAa ;g [krjk gekjs tSls fofo/krkiw.kZ lekt esa vkSj c<+ tkrk gS D;ksfa d vyx&vyx lektks]a
leqnk;ks]a O;fDr;ksa ds oSpkfjd vkxzg ,d&nwljs ls fHkUu gks ldrs gSAa bu vkxzgksa ij fVdh mudh Hkfo";
dh dYiuk o lius Hkh vyx&vyx gks ldrs gSa vkSj ;g muds chp vkilh VdjkgV dh otg cu ldrh
gSA ,sls esa gekjs ikl ,d jkLrk ;g cprk gS fd ge lc vius fy, ,d lk>k Hkfo"; dh dYiuk djs]a
,d lk>k liuk x<+Aas fdUrq ,d loky ;g gS fd ml lk>siu dk oSpkfjd vk/kkj D;k gks\ D;ksfsa d
f'k{kk oSpkfjd vkxzgksa ls eqDr ugha gks ldrhA ge tSls gh ;g loky mBkrs gSa gekjs lkeus rqjar
ifjfLFkfr dk loky mB [kM+k gksrk gS vkSj og ;g fd f'k{kk fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa es\a o fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa
dh fufeZfr ds fy,\
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds tks lanHkZ gekjs lkeus gSa muesa ls ,d fodYi ;g gks ldrk gS fd cgql[a ;dksa ds oSpkfjd
vkxzg dks Lohdkj fy;k tk,A fdUrq blls vYila[;dksa ds lkFk ge U;k; ugha dj ikrs vkSj gekjs ns'k
esa cgql[a ;d vkcknh ds Hkhrj Hkh Hkkjh fofo/krk ekStnw gSA ,sls esa [kqn muds fy, fdlh ,d oSpkfjd
vkxzg dks vk/kkj cukuk eqf'dy [kM+h djus okyk dne gksxkA nwljk fodYi ;g gS fd lHkh ds oSpkfjd
vkxzgksa dks txg nh tk,A fdUrq blesa lekt ds rkus&ckus ds VqdM+kas esa caV tkus dk [krjk gSA D;ksfa d
gekjs ns'k esa bruh fofo/krk gS fd mlesa ,d&nwljs ls yxHkx loZFkk fHkUu lkaLÑfrd ekU;rkvksa okys
lekt o leqnk; ekStnw gSAa bls ge igukos ds ,d mnkgj.k ls le> ldrs gSAa gks ldrk gS ,d leqnk;
esa lkM+h iguus dks csgrj ekuk tkrk gks tcfd nwljs leqnk; esa lyokj deht iguus dksA vkSj ;g Hkh
laHko gS fd nksuksa viuh&viuh laLÑfr esa nwljs dh bu iks"kkdksa dks de csgrj ekurs gksAa ;g rks flQZ
,d mnkgj.k gS] ,slh lSdM+kas phtsa gksxa h ftu ij VdjkgVsa lkeus vk,aA gekjs ns'k ds lanHkZ esa ,d vkSj
fodYi gekjs ikl gS ftls geus Lora=krk ds ckn vius fy, pquk gS vkSj og gS ,d Lok;Ùk o yksdrkaf=kd
lekt ds :i esa vius dks fodflr djus dk oSpkfjd vkxzgA pwfa d Lora=krk ds la?k"kZ esa fyax] tkfr]
mez] oxZ vkfn ls ijs lekt ds lHkh rjg ds yksxksa dk izfrfuf/kRo jgk gS vkSj vius ns'k dks Lok;Ùk o
yksdrkaf=kd ns'k cukus dk liuk pquus dh ,d cM+h otg ;g jgh gS fd mlesa lcdh Hkkxhnkjh jgsA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 3
 ;g ckr gesa ,d lk>k Hkfo"; o liuk cquus dk lw=k nsrh gSA vius lk>siu dks bl rjg ifjHkkf"kr djrs gh
gekjs lkeus ,slh f'k{kk dh t:jr vku [kM+h gksrh gS tks bls gkfly djus esa leFkZ ukxfjd rS;kj djrh gksA
tjk xkSj djsa rks ;gka geus yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk dks vf/kuk;dokn] jktra=k ;k fdlh /keZ] uLy vkfn ds vk/kkj
ij LFkkfir O;oLFkkvksa ds Åij ,d ojh;rk ns nh gSA exj bl ojh;rk nsus dk dkj.k D;k gS\ bl loky dk
lkeuk djus ls gesa cpuk ugha pkfg,A bl ojh;rk dk dkj.k gS yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk dk euq";ksa ds chp cjkcjh
ds fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gksukA bldh utj esa lHkh euq"; cjkcj gSa tks fd vU; O;oLFkkvksa esa eqefdu ugha gSA
D;k lHkh euq";ksa dks cjkcj ekuk tkuk mfpr gS\a ;g loky mBk;k rks tk ldrk gS ysfdu bldk dqN fd;k
ugha tk ldrkA D;ksfa d ;g og vk/kkjHkwr ekU;rk gS ftlls vkxs ckdh rdZ fudyrs gSAa ,d ckj bl fl)kar
dks Lohdkj dj ysus ds ckn blh ls yksdra=k dks Lohdkjus dh nwljh otgsa curh gSAa os otgsa gSa jktuSfrd fu.kZ;ksa
esa tulgHkkfxrk dh LFkkiuk tks vU; O;oLFkkvksa esa eqefdu ugha gSA fy, tkus okys fu.kZ;ksa ds fy, lkoZtfud
:i ls fl) fd, tk ldus okys rdZ izLrqr djuk vkSj fdlh Hkh rdZ ;k O;oLFkk dks ml ij loky [kM+s fd,
tkus ls ijs ugha ekuukA
vc mDr lanHkZ esa vxj ge f'k{kk dh ifjdYiuk djsa rks f'k{kk esa ,sls rRoksa dk gksuk t:jh gS tks O;fDr dks
vkfFkZd rkSj ij leFkZ cukus esa l{ke gksa rFkk ekufld Lrj ij erkjksi.k vkfn ls brj vius QSlys ls fopkjksa
dks pquus] mu ij loky mBkdj muesa mfpr&vuqfpr dk Hksn dj ikus esa leFkZ cukrs gksAa bl ckr esa ,d Lok;Ùk
o Lora=k O;fDrRo ds fodkl dk vkxzg ekStnw gS ;g ckr gesa irk gksuh pkfg,A vc ;g nksuksa rdZ gesa f'k{kk
dks fdlh erkjksi.k ls brj Lok;Ùk rkSj ij pyus okyh O;oLFkk ds rkSj ij LFkkfir djus dh otgsa ns nsrs gSAa
f'k{kk ds lanHkZ esa ,d loky vHkh Hkh cpk jg tkrk gS fd f'k{kk D;ksa djuk pkgrs gS\a bldh otg gesa euq";
ds rkSj ij vius vfLrRo dks cuk, j[kus dh tíkstgn esa feyrh gSA crkSj euq"; ge vius vfLrRo dks cpk,
j[kus ds fy, viuh Hkkoh ih<+h dks bruk leFkZ cukuk pkgrs gSa fd og viuk vfLrRo cuk, j[k ldsA euq";
ds fodkl dky esa ekuoh; Kku ftl tfVy voLFkk esa igqp a pqdk gS mlesa vfLrRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, t:jh
gS fd bl Kku dks vftZr fd;k tk,A bl Kku dks gkfly djus dk jkLrk gS fd ml Kku l`tu dh izfØ;k esa
Hkkxhnkjh dh tk,A ysfdu Kku l`tu dk pLdk ,slk gksrk gS fd og flQZ mls lh[kus rd vkdj #d ugha tkrk
oju mlesa u, l`tu ds fy, mdlkrk gS vkSj ;gh og dqMa yh gS tks gj 'kg vkxs c<+rh tkrh gS vkSj euq"; vius
gh Kku dh bl dqMa yh esa FkksM+k vkSj btkQk djrk tkrk gS vkSj Qalrk tkrk gSA
mDr lanHkZ f'k{kk ds ,d ,sls Lok;Ùk f=kHkqt dh fufeZfr djrk gS ftlds ,d dksus ij vkfFkZd :i ls l{ke gksus
dh rS;kjh gS] nwljs dksus ij vius mfpr&vuqfpr ds QSlys ds vk/kkj ij fopkj p;u dh lkeF;Z fodflr djus
dh rS;kjh gS rks rhljs dksus ij ekuoh; Kku dh fojklr esa lk>snkjh o u;k l`tu djus dh rS;kjh gSA vkSj bl
f'k{kk :ih f=kHkqt dk vkSfpR; gekjs bl yksdrkaf=kd lekt ds chpks&a chp fLFkr gksus esa gSA
;g oDr f'k{kk foe'kZ ds lanHkZ esa ,d lwpuk lk>k djus dk Hkh gSA og ;g fd vHkh rd laiknd jgs fo'oaHkj
us foe'kZ dks ,d eqdke rd igqp a k;k gS vkSj ikBdks]a ys[kdksa o vuqokndksa ds chp ,d Hkjkslk cuk;k gS( os foe'kZ
dh ftEesenkjh nwljs gkFkksa esa lkSia dj f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa vU; rjg ds dkeksa ls tqM+us tk jgs gSAa mudh lQyrk dh
dkeuk djrs gq, ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkxs ml Hkjksls dks dk;e j[kus dh dksf'k'k jgsxh lkFk gh lHkh dk
lg;ksx ;Fkkor feyrk jgs bldh mEehn HkhA u

f'k{kk foe'kZ
4 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
 f'k{kk dk lekt'kkL=k

f'k{kk vkSj Hkkjr dh oxhZ; lajpuk

veu enku

g ekjs fopkj o vkdka{kk,a fdlh oxhZ; lajpuk ds Hkhrj gekjh fLFkfr ls izHkkfor jgrs gSaA esjk dkWyst
tkus dk liuk ns[k ikuk vkSj vius fy, dksbZ [kkl dSfj;j cuk ikuk esjs ifjokj ds ikl miyC/k
lalk/kuksa ij fuHkZj dj ldrk gSA cM+k gksdj tc eSa dksbZ ukSdjh djus yxwaxk vkSj mlls dqN lÙkk
gkfly gksxh mldk bl ckr ij izHkko iM+sxk fd eSa viuh f'k{kk gkfly djus ds fnuksa dh eqf'dyksa dks
lQy ekurk gwa ;k ughaA blls nwljksa dks ;g ladsr Hkh feysxk fd D;k esjk dke okaNuh; gSA cktkj
esa fdUgha [kkl rjg dh ukSdfj;ksa dh miyC/krk o muds fy, feyus okyh ru[okg dk izHkko bl ckr
ij iM+sxk fd csgrjhu Nk=k mUgsa ikus dh vkdka{kk ikysaxs ;k ughaA oxhZ; <kapk vkerkSj ij fn[kkbZ nsus
okys bl n`'; ds fy, ftEesnkj gS ftlesa etnwj dk cPpk tYnh gh f'k{kk NksM+ nsrk gS vkSj tks dke mls
yxrk gS fd vklkuh ls miyC/k gS mldh [kkst djus yxrk gS vkSj bls rc rd ugha jksdk tk ldrk
tc rd fd yxHkx eq¶r esa mls vPNs Ldwy miyC/k uk gksaA oxhZ; lÙkk dh vkokt dh xwat bl rF;
esa lqukbZ nsrh gSS fd tc rd ljdkj ;k ijksidkjh laLFkku vPNs Ldwy miyC/k ugha djokrs rc rd bl
rjg dh cPph [kqn vius Lrj ij mu rd ugha igqap ldrhA oxhZ; lajpuk gekjs Åij vn`'; fdUrq
csgn tcjnLr ncko Mkyrh gS exj bldk eqdkcyk ljdkj] lkekftd vkUnksyuksa o dqN vU; yksxksa
dh enn ds tfj, gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lsok o vkS|ksfxd {ks=k dh oxhZ; lajpuk rFkk f'k{kk ds lkFk muds laca/kksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fofHkUu
rjhds gSaA buesa lcls fo'oluh; rjhdk 20oha lnh ds var esa ,fjd vksfyu jkbV ¼1996] 2005½ }kjk
fodflr fd;k x;k rjhdk gSA os mu rhu igyqvksa dks lkFk ysrs gSa ftudk ftØ igys fd;k tk pqdk
gSA ;s rhu igyw gSa 'kks"k.k o lÙkk dk fj'rk rFkk miyC/k cktkj esa fMfxz;ksa dh lk[kA ys[k ds vxys
fgLls esa Hkkjr esa f'k{kk ij oxhZ; izHkko ds ckjs esa ppkZ djus ds fy, ge jkbV ds fopkjksa dh enn ysrs
gSa vkSj ;g dke ge oxZ ls lacaf/kr rhuksa igyqvksa ds tfj, djrs gSaA
,fjd vksfyu jkbV
,fjd vkssfyu jkbV oxhZ; lajpuk o blds Hkhrj yksxksa dh fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, ekDlZ o
oscj ds lS)kafrd fopkjksa dks feykdj ns[krs gSaA fdlh [kkl oxZ ds yksx fdl izdkj ds fj'rksa esa gksrs
gSa mUgksaus bldk v/;;u fd;k FkkA mUgksaus ik;k fd yksxksa dks oxZ ds fdlh [kkl [kkus esa Mkyus dh
dksf'k'k dk dksbZ [kkl Qk;nk ugha Fkk blds ctk, ;g ns[kk tkuk pkfg, Fkk fd os fdu fj'rksa ds fgLls
Fks vkSj os mudh ftUnfx;ksa o fodYiksa dks dSls izHkkfor dj jgs FksA mu fj'rksa dks le>us ds eq[;
rjhdksa esa ;g ns[kuk 'kkfey Fkk fd yksx mRiknu ds lk/kuksa ds lkFk fdl rjg tqM+s Fks ¼ekDlZ ds fl)kar
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 5
 ls½] cktkj esa mudh fLFkfr D;k Fkh vkSj laLFkku ds vanj muds ikl fdruh lÙkk Fkh ¼oscj ds fl)karksa ls½A
mUgksaus bl vksj /;ku fnyk;k fd buds vla[; la;kstu cuuk laHko Fks vkSj fdlh O;fDr ds oxZ dk Bhd&Bhd
irk yxkus dh dksf'k'k djuk ,d O;FkZ dh dok;n FkhA oxZ mrus vyx&vyx :i esa vfLrRo esa ugha gksrs Fks
ftrus fd os psruk laiUu lewg gksrs Fks tks [kqn dks dksbZ uke ns nsrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy,] Hkkjr esa ,d frgkbZ
vkcknh laHkor% vius vkidks e/;e&oxZ ekurh gSA fdUrq vxj dksbZ mu fl)karksa dks ykxw djds ns[ks ftuds ckjs
esa jkbV ckr dj jgs gSa rks ,d ,slh tfVy oxhZ; lajpuk mHkj dj lkeus vk tkrh gS ftls 'kk;n mlesa 'kkfey
O;fDr Hkh ifjHkkf"kr u dj ik,aA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd oxZ o f'k{kk dks le>us ds fy, izR;sd O;fDr dks
fdlh [kkl vkSj fLFkj [kkus esa Mkyus dh dksf'k'k djus ds ctk, yksxksa dh fLFkfr dks vo/kkj.kkvksa ds fxzM ds
Hkhrj ekStwn ekudj ckr djuk T;knk ykHknk;d FkkA
f'k{kk rFkk mRiknd] O;kikj ;k lsok iznkrk oxZ
ekDlZ dh rjg ,fjd vksfyu jkbV us fofHkUu izdkj dh iwath j[kus okyksa o Je ds lkFk 'kks"k.k dk fj'rk j[kus
okyksa ds chp esa QdZ fd;k FkkA ,d oxZ tks rqjar Li"V rkSj ij lkeus vk;k og ,sls iwathifr;ksa dk gS tks
ikfjJfed ds cnys Je ysrs gSa vkSj mudk ykHk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd os etnwjksa o mRiknu izfØ;k
dks fdruk vfrfjDr fupksM+ ldrs gSaA fiNyh 'krkCnh ds nkSjku iwathifr [kqn cM+s ls cM+s gksrs pys x, gSa vr%
fofHkUu izdkj ds iwathifr;ksa dks vyx&vyx dj ysuk ennxkj gks ldrk gSA ,d rjQ vackuh vkSj fcM+yk tSls
cM+s iwathifr gSa] muds ikl nfl;ksa gtkj dkfeZd gSa vkSj muesa eSustjksa ds <sj lkjs Lrj gSaA mudh jktuhfrKksa o
iz'kklu ds lkFk lh/ks gkWV ykbu ij ckr gksrh gSA os vius cPpksa dks Hkkjr ds lcls eagxs Ldwyksa esa f'kf{kr gksus
ds fy, Hkstrs gSa vkSj mlds ckn fons'k Hkst nsrs gSa tgka mUgsa muds iSls ds cy ij ,yhV eSustesaV ;k nwljs dkWystksa
esa ,Mfe'ku fey tkrk gSA mudk thou o dke dh 'kSyh e/;e ntsZ ds mu iwathifr;ksa ls dkQh vyx gS ftuds
ikl fxurh ds ;k ntZuHkj dkfeZd gqvk djrs fdUrq fQj Hkh os muds lkFk 'kks"k.k ds ,d fj'rs esa gksrs FksA budk
vk; dk Lrj dkQh de gksrk vkSj thou thus dk <ax cM+s iwathifr;ksa ls dkQh vyx gksrkA fdUrq fQj Hkh opZLo
o 'kks"k.k dk fj'rk ekStwn jgrkA buds cjDl mu NksVs iwathifr;ksa dks j[kk tk ldrk gS ftuds ikl ceqf'dy
bDdk&nqDdk dke djus okys gksrs gSa vkSj tks cM+s o e/;e ntsZ ds iwathifr;ksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh vlqjf{kr gksrs
gSaA mudk thou dkQh ruko Hkjk gks ldrk gS] mUgsa yxkrkj vkthfodk vftZr djus o thou Lrj dks cuk,
j[kus dh fpark yxh jg ldrh gSA ;s yksx NksVs jsLVksjsaV ;k NksVh QSDVªh ds ekfyd gks ldrs gSaA buesa ls gjsd
ds cPps ftl izdkj dh f'k{kk gkfly djsaxs og dkQh vyx gksxhA bu rhuksa esa ls NksVs iwathifr ds Lrj ds
vklikl okyk O;fDr 'kk;n ,slk gksrk gksxk tks vius cPpksa ij Ldwy esa esgur djus dk ncko cukrk gksxk
D;ksafd mudk nSfud thou dkQh vlqjf{kr o ruko Hkjk gksrk FkkA Hkkjr ds T;knkrj m|fe;ksa dks NksVs iwathifr
dh vo/kkj.kk ds utnhd j[kk tk ldrk gS] tks NksVs vukSipkfjd lsDVj esa fcuk T;knk lqj{kk ds dke dj jgs
gksrs gSa ;k lqj{kk laca/kh dk;ns dkuwuksa o etnwjksa ds dY;k.k dh ijokg fd, fcuk dke dj jgs gksrs gSaA bl ij
xkSj fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd ;g dksbZ fLFkj ;k tM+ fdLe dh oxhZ; fLFkfr;ka ugha Fkha cfYd vyx&vyx yksxksa
esa ekStwn os izo`fÙk;ka Fkha tks fd ,d vo/kkj.kk ds utnhd ;k nwj gksus ds :i esa ns[kh tk ldrh FkhaA tks yksx
e/;e ;k cM+s iwathifr;ksa dh /kkj.kk ds utnhd gksrs Fks os nwljksa dh ctk, f'k{kk ls dkQh vyx mEehn j[krs
FksA os vius cPpksa ij Ldwyh f'k{kk dks Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr djus okyh ,d ek=k thoujs[kk ekuus dk cgqr ncko
ugha cukrs gSaA
vdsys o Lora=k dke djus okys O;fDr dks iwathifr;ksa ls vyx fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mls ,sls O;fDr ds rkSj
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlls uk rks dksbZ vkSj ikfjJfed ds cnys Je djok jgk gksrk Fkk vkSj uk gh
og Lo;a fdlh dks ikfjJfed nsdj vius fy, dke ij j[krk FkkA bl rjg ;g ,d ,slk O;fDr gksrk tks u
rks fdlh vkSj dk 'kks"k.k dj jgk gksrk u gh dksbZ vkSj mldk 'kks"k.k dj jgk gksrkA Lora=k dke djus okyk
f'k{kk foe'kZ
6 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
O;fDr vDlj vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds Je dk mi;ksx dj jgk gksrk fdUrq nwljksa ls fu;fer rkSj ij
ikfjJfed nsdj dke ugha djokrkA gkykafd blesa vyx&vyx rjg ds yksxksa dk ,d cM+k nk;jk 'kkfey gksrk
ftlesa viuh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k;ksa ds cy ij viuk thou ;kiu djus okyksa ¼MkWDVj] vkdhZVSDV~l vkfn½ ls ysdj
os yksx ¼Vksdjh cukus okys] lCth dk Bsyk yxkus okys vkfn½ rd 'kkfey gksrs ftuds fy, f'k{kk cgqr ek;us ugha
j[krh FkhA mudh oxhZ; gSfl;r o f'k{kk dks ysdj mudh gljrksa dks cktkj dh mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls c[kwch le>k
tk ldrk Fkk ftuesa os jg jgs gksrs o dke dj jgs gksrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ftu ekrk&firkvksa ds ikl ,slh
fMfxz;ka gksrh gSa fd ftudh otg ls os yksdfiz; is'kksa esa vk tkrs gSa os vius ifjokj esa f'k{kk vkSj mlls feyus
okys Qk;nksa dks ysdj tcjnLr ncko cukrs gSaA tcfd ftu yksxksa dh fMxzh dh cktkj esa dher de gksrh gS
;k ftuds ikl fdlh rjg dh dksbZ fMxzh ugha gksrh os f'k{kk gkfly djus ds fy, t:jh iz;klksa dks ysdj cgqr
gn rd la'k; esa jgrs gSaA
etnwj og O;fDr gksrk gS tks etnwjh ysdj nwljksa ds fy, dke djrk gSA ;g egRiw.kZ oxZ Fkk vkSj fiNyh nks
'krkfCn;ksa ds nkSjku yxkrkj c<+ jgk FkkA cM+h la[;k esa yksx NksVs iwathifr ;k Lora=k :i ls dke djus okys cuus
dh ctk, fdlh vkSj ds fy, dke djus okys cuuk 'kq: dj pqds FksA fodkl ds orZeku ekWMy dh otg ls vHkh
gky ds o"kksZa esa ikfjJfed ds cnys dke djus okyksa dh rqyuk esa Lora=k :i ls dke djus okys yksxksa dh la[;k
rsth ls c<+h gS D;ksafd fu;fer dke cgqr nqyZHk gksrk tk jgk gSA fdUrq vHkh Hkh ;g dkQh egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj
bldk vkdkj dkQh cM+k gSA jkbV us bl vksj /;ku fnyk;k fd ikfjJfed ij dke djus okys etnwjksa dks Hkh
fofHkUu Lrjksa o izdkjksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA muds chp dqN bl rjg dk Hksn fd;k tk ldrk gS& ,d os tks
de dq'ky Fks vkSj nwljs os tks fo'ks"kK ;k cgqr dq'ky Fks vkSj ftudh cktkj dks t:jr gksrh FkhA mudh vk;
esa fHkUurk gksrh gS vkSj muds cPpksa dk Hkfo"; Hkh vyx&vyx gksrk FkkA ,d Nksj ij os yksx gksrs gSa tks QkoM+s
;k xSarh ls ukfy;ksa dh [kqnkbZ djds iSlk dekrs gSa vkSj nwljs Nksj ij os yksx gksrs gSa tks tehu esa [kqnkbZ djus
okyh egaxh o tfVy e'khujh pykus dh dq'kyrk j[krs gSaA blds vykok etnwjksa ds chp bl vk/kkj ij Hkh QdZ
gS fd fdlds ikl fdruh lÙkk gSA dqN lkekU; etnwj gks ldrs gSa rks dqN os gks ldrs gSa ftudks mudk
lqijokbt+j cuk fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj muds Hkh Åij muds eSustj gks ldrs gSaA eSustjksa esa Hkh dqN ,sls gks ldrs
Fks ftUgksaus vius rjhds ls viuk dke fd;k vkSj ftuds ikl fo'ks"kKrk laca/kh fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ fMxzh ugha
gksrh Fkh rks nwljh rjQ ,sls eSustj Hkh gks ldrs Fks tks fo'ks"kK gksus dk nkok djrs Fks vkSj ftuds ikl ,Mokal
fMxzh o vuqHko FksA
bl rjg iwath] lÙkk] fo'ks"kKrk o cktkj dh ekax laca/kh fl)kar fofHkUu yksxksa ds cgqjaxh oxhZ; vuqHkoksa dks
le>us esa gekjh enn djrs gSaA budk f'k{kk ds lkFk cgqr utnhdh fj'rk gSA cgqr ls ns'kksa o txgksa dh f'k{kk
ij mPp f'kf{kr etnwjksa o Lora=k :i ls dke djus okys f'kf{kr yksxksa dk fu;a=k.k jgk gSA buesa eSustj o
izksQs'kuy yksx 'kkfey gSaA ;s os yksx gSa tks ;g r; djrs gSa fd ikB~;p;kZ ;k f'k{kkØe esa D;k gksxk vkSj
ikB~;iqLrdksa dh fo"k;oLrq bUgha dh oxhZ; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh izo`fÙk ls izHkkfor gqvk djrh gSA bUgha ds cPpksa ds
ikl lcls vPNs Ldwyksa o dkWystksa esa tkus ds ekSds lcls T;knk gqvk djrs FksA cgqr ls v/;srk ;g rdZ nsrs gSa
fd f'k{kk dh fo"k;oLrq o mís';ksa dks mu oxksZa ds fgrksa o fopkjksa }kjk foÑr dj fn;k x;k ftu oxksZa dk mu
HkwHkkxksa ij fu;a=k.k gqvk djrk gSA
vktdy cktkj ds fglkc ls de dherh f'k{kk gkfly djus okys ;k fcYdqy Hkh f'k{kk gkfly ugha djus okys
T;knkrj yksx fuEu Lrj ds Lora=k dke djus okys yksx gksrs gSa ;k vdq'ky o ,sls etnwj gksrs gSa ftuds ikl lÙkk
de gSA Hkkjrh; vkcknh esa ,d cgqr cM+k fgLlk vkt bu yksxksa dk gS] 'kk;n 75 ls 80 izfr'kr rdA ;g fLFkfr
Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ij bl rjg ds cgqr gh xaHkhj loky [kM+s djrh gS fd vaxztksa ds Hkkjr NksM+dj pys tkus ds yxHkx
lÙkj lky ckn Hkh gekjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk cgqr ls yksxksa dh oxhZ; fLFkfr esa dksbZ [kkl QdZ D;ks ugha yk ikbZA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 7
 bl f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh vkf[kjdkj fnDdr D;k gS\ de izHkko'kkyh oxZ 'kk;n bl ij viuh t:jrsa iwjh djus
o nwljs yksxksa ds cjDl viuh fLFkfr dks cjkcjh ij ykus dk ncko ugha cuk ikrs gSaA Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk
mu yksxksa ds fy, T;knk csgrj dke djrh gqbZ yxrh gS tks igys ls f'kf{kr gSa vkSj ftuds ikl vius cPpksa dks
lcls vPNs Ldwyksa esa Hkstus ds lalk/ku gSaA OgkbV dkWyj f'kf{krksa o oxhZ; lajpuk esa ekStwn e/;e oxZ dh idM+
f'k{kk O;oLFkk ij lcls etcwr fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA gkykafd muds fy, Hkh f'k{kk csgn vlqj{kk o O;kdqyrk iSnk djus
okyh O;oLFkk gSA os yxkrkj bl ckr ls fpafrr jgrs gSa fd muds cPps lekt dh bl LrjhÑr O;oLFkk esa mUufr
djsaxs ;k fiNM+ tk,axsA
rkfydk 1 Hkkjrh; oxZ lajpuk ds vk;ke ;k igyw
ifjokjksa ds eq[ ; O;olk; izfr'kr

ekfyd] eSustj] pq us x, izfrfuf/k] is’kso j yksx] izksQsl j 23.7

fupys ik;nku ij ekStwn f’kf{kr etnwj ] f’k{kd] DydZ] ulZ] rduhdh lgk;d]
6.2
T;ksfrf"k
vdq’ ky etnwj % nqdku ij lgk;d] gkmldhfiax esa yxs yksx] jsL VksjsaVksa esa dke djus
9.8
okys] lqj {kk lso k,a] xfy;ksa esa lkeku csp us okys] ?kjsy w ukSdj] eSustj] dqy h
,sl s fdlku ftuds ikl 2 ,dM+ ls de tehu gS 15.7
,sl s fdlku ftuds ikl 2 ls 4 ,dM+ rd tehu gS 5.3
,sl s fdlku ftuds ikl 4 ,dM+ ls T;knk tehu gS 4.0
i'kq ikyu o [ksrh 0.8

ou foHkkx esa dke djus okys etnwj] eNqvkjs] f’kdkjh vkSj [ksrhgj etnwj 19.6

dq' ky etnwj] nLrdkj] e’khujh pykus okys etnwj] fofHkUu lk/kuksa ds Mªkboj 14.8

dqy 100.0

f'k{kk o [ksrhgj oxZ

oxhZ; fj'rksa o muds f'k{kk ij iM+us okys izHkko dk fo'ys"k.k djus dk tks mijksDr rjhdk gS mldh nyhy ;g
gS fd f'k{kk oxhZ; vlekurk dh O;oLFkk ds lkFk cgqr xgjkbZ ls tqM+h gSA bl rjg ds fo'ys"k.k dk foLrkj
xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds cgqr ls bykdksa rd fd;k tk ldrk gSA vktdy cgqr ls yksxksa dks xkoksa esa jgrs gq, gj jkst
fudV ds dLcs tkuk iM+ jgk gks ldrk gSA ,sls dbZ ifjokj gks ldrs gSa ftuesa ,d HkkbZ ikfjokfjd [ksrh laHkky
jgk gks vkSj ckdh Hkkb;ksa dks xSj [ksrhgj is'kksa esa dke djuk iM+ jgk gksA ,fjd vksfyu jkbV dh ;g :ijs[kk
fofHkUu oxksZa ds chp mHkjs mu u, oxksZa ds chp ds QdZ dks le>us esa dkQh ennxkj lkfcr gksrh gS tgka lfoZl
lsDVj lfØ; gSA gkykafd T;knkrj xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fy, eq[; :i ls ekDlZ dh ijaijk ls fy;k x;k lknk oxhZ;
fo'ys"k.k Hkh i;kZIr gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,l- ,e- nkaMsdj ¼2001½ Hkkjrh; [ksrhgj oxksZa ds chp ds ekStwn QdZ dks ftl rjg igpkurs
gSa mls ;gka ysrs gSaA ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd cM+s fdlkuksa ds thoukuqHko o f'k{kk laca/kh pquko ea>ksys o NksVs
fdlkuksa dh vis{kk vyx gksrs gSaA cM+s fdlku mUgsa dgk tk ldrk gS ftuds ikl bruh i;kZIr tehu gksrh gS
f'k{kk foe'kZ
8 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
fd os nwljs etnwjksa dks fu;fer :i ls dke djus ds fy, vius ;gka j[k ldrs gSaA ;g ,slk O;fDr gksxk ftldh
vius bykds esa vPNh /kkd gksrh gSA vxj ;g O;fDr viuh tSlh oxhZ; i`"BHkwfe ds gh vU; lxs&lacaf/k;ksa ds
lkFk ml bykds esa jg jgk gksrk gS rks bu lHkh ifjokjksa dk lewg jktuSfrd izHkko ds lkFk&lkFk ml bykds esa
ncaxbZ gkfly dj ysrk gSA tehu dk cM+k fgLlk muds ikl gksrk gS vkSj vius ;gka dke djus okys dkfeZdksa
ls csxkj djokus@dke fudyokus ds fy, t:jh lkekftd ncaxbZ dh laLÑfr Hkh ;g gkfly dj ysrs gSaA muds
cPps Ldwy] dkWyst tk jgs gks ldrs gSa fdUrq mlds ckotwn vDlj vius ifjokj dh rjQ ls i<+kbZ esa vPNk djus
dk fdlh izdkj dk ncko vuqHko ugha djrs] [kkldj cgqr cM+s fdlkuksa ds chp ,slk gksrk gSA gks ldrk gS fd
muds cPps xkao ;k ikl ds dLcs ds Ldwy esa Hkh ugha i<+ jgs gksa] cfYd os vDlj cM+s 'kgj esa jgus vkSj i<+us pys
tkrs gSaA
,sls fdlku ftuds ikl ifjokfjokfjd Je ds vk/kkj ij laHkkyh tk ldus yk;d tehu gksrh gS mUgsa ea>ksys
fdlku dgk tk ldrk gSA cM+s fdlkuksa dh rjg bu ea>ksys fdlkuksa dks fu;fer rkSj ij etnwjh ij cqyk, tkus
okys etnwjksa dh t:jr ugha gksrh gS vkSj u gh bUgsa fdlh nwljs ds fy, dke djus dh t:jr gksrh gSA ,sls
fdlku vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh enn ls vius lkjs dke djus esa leFkZ gksrs gSa ;k fQj Qly dVkbZ tSls dqN
voljksa ij etnwj cqykdj viuk dke djus esa leFkZ gksrs gSaA vDlj ;gh og oxZ gksrk gS tks vius cPpksa ij
i<+kbZ dk ncko cukrk gS vkSj Ñf"k ls gksus okyh vk; ds bu fnuksa de gksrs pys tkus dh otg ls vius cPpksa
ls dksbZ vkSj is'kk viukus ds fy, dgrk gSA ;s yksx viuk HkkX; lqjf{kr djus ds fy, [ksrh ls vyx tkdj fdlh
vkSj is'ks esa vius cPpksa dks Hkstus dk nnZ mBk ldrs gSaA muds ikl vius cPpksa dks izkbosV Ldwyksa esa Hkstus ds
fy, iSlk gksrk gS fdUrq cM+s fdlkuksa ds foijhr buesa ls T;knkrj vius cPpksa dks vklikl gh Hkstrs gSaA
bu ea>ksys vkSj cM+s fdlkuksa ds cjDl ,sls fdlku Hkh gks ldrs gSa ftuds ikl dqN tehu gksrh gS fdUrq dsoy
[ksrh ls vius ifjokj dk [kpZ fudkyus ds fy, ;g i;kZIr ugha gksrhA ;s NksVs fdlku viuh vk; c<+kus ds fy,
vDlj ea>ksys o cM+s fdlkuksa ds ;gka Hkh dke djus pys tkrs gSaA vktdy buesa ls cM+h la[;k esa yksx 'kgj
vkrs&tkrs gSa ;k ekSle ds vk/kkj ij ogka iyk;u dj tkrs gSaA ;s ,sls yksx gSa tks cM+h f'kír ls ;g eglwl djrs
gSa fd muds cPpksa dks [ksrh ds vykok dksbZ vkSj is'kk pquuk pkfg, D;ksafd vkSj tehu [kjhnuk cgqr eqf'dy
gksrk gSA T;knk f'k{kk gkfly djuk vkidks f{kfrt ds ikj csgrj thou dk oknk ¼vDlj pkgs >wBk gh lgh½
nsrk gSA ;s os yksx gSa ftUgsa ,d ,sls ns'k esa tgka ljdkjh f'k{kk ds :i esa ekStwn lLrh o vPNh f'k{kk dk
ikS/kk lw[krk tk jgk gS viuh mEehnksa dks gdhdr esa cnyuk csgn eqf'dy ut+j vkrk gSA vPNh f'k{kk vDlj
gh mudh igqap ls nwj jg tkrh gSA
,sls fdlku Hkh gks ldrs gSa tks tehu HkkM+s ij ysdj [ksrh dj jgs gksa vkSj tSls&rSls viuk thou ;kiu dj jgs
gksaA ;s yksx mu yksxksa ls tehu HkkM+s ij ys ysrs gSa tks ;k rks vc 'kgj esa dke dj jgs gSa ;k fQj ftu ifjokjksa
esa yksx cgqr de gSaA viuh tehu ugha gksus ds pyrs mUgsa cM+h jkf'k HkkM+s ds :i esa nsuh iM+rh gS vFkok vius
mRiknu esa tehu ekfyd dks fgLlk nsuk iM+rk gSA dbZ ckj bu yksxksa esa os NksVs fdlku Hkh gksrs gSa tks dqN vkSj
tehu c<+kdj viuh vk; c<+kuk pkgrs gSaA gkykafd blesa ykHk cgqr de gksrk gS vkSj esgur T;knk gksrh gSA
bl oxZ ds ekrk&firk Hkh viuh vk; ds vk/kkj ij vius cPpksa dks vPNh f'k{kk miyC/k djokus esa dkQh
dfBukbZ eglwl djrs gSaA
Hkwfeghu Ñf"k etwnj os yksx gksrs gSa ftuds ikl fdlh rjg dh dksbZ tehu ugha gksrh] u rks viuh u gh HkkM+s
dhA mUgsa viuk thou pykus ds fy, gj jkst fdlh vkSj ds ;gka etnwjh djuh iM+rh gSA os bl ckr dks le>rs
gSa fd dqN oxksZa ds fy, f'k{kk ,d ,slh nqfu;k gkfly djus dk lk/ku gS tks mudh esgur vkSj ifjJe Hkjh
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 9
 jkstkuk dh nqfu;k ls cgqr nwj gSA fdUrq lcls de lalk/ku miyC/k gksus dh otg ls ,slh f'k{kk gkfly djus
esa vkus okyh dfBukbZ muds fy, fujk'kk dk lcc cu tkrh gSA muds cPpksa ds dqiksf"kr gksus o Hkw[ks Ldwy vkus
dh laHkkouk cgqr T;knk gksrh gSA os dqN #i;ksa dh etnwjh ;k dqN eqëh vukt ds nksuksa dh ryk'k esa >V ls
MªkWi vkmV gks ldrs gSaA tc muds ekrk&firk gj fnu etnwjh ij tkrs gSa rc os ?kj ij jg dj vius HkkbZ&cfguksa
dh ns[kHkky djrs gSa vkSj Ldwy esa vfu;fer jgrs gSaA
lkekftd xfr'khyrk
dqN ,sls rjhds gSa ftudh enn ls fdlh oxhZ; lajpuk ds fupys Lrj ij ekStwn yksx Åij mB ldrs gSaA fdlh
O;fDr dk ,d lkekftd Lrj ls nwljs lkekftd Lrj esa vk tkuk lkekftd xfr'khyrk dgykrh gSA tc yksx
fupys Lrj ls Åijh Lrj esa igqaprs gSa rks bls Åij dh vksj lkekftd xfr'khyrk dgrs gSa vkSj tc yksx Åaps
Lrj ls fupys Lrj ij vk tkrs gSa rks bls uhps dh vksj lkekftd xfr'khyrk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] Åij
dh vksj lkekftd xfr'khyrk rc laHko gksrh gS tc f'k{kk vklkuh ls miyC/k gks tkrh gS rFkk vdq'ky etnwjksa
ds cPps f'k{kk gkfly djus yxrs gSa vkSj blds lkFk gh OgkbV dkWyj tkWc ekuh tkus okyh ukSdfj;ksa dh la[;k
c<+ jgh gksrh gSA tc ,slk gksrk gS rkss csgrj ru[okg okyh o vf/kd lqfjf{kr ukSdfj;ksa dh vksj O;kid Lrj
ij lkekftd xfr'khyrk gksuk laHko gksrk gSA uhps dh vksj lkekftd xfr'khyrk Hkh laHko gSA ,slk eqacbZ vkSj
dkuiqj ds cgqr ls fey etnwjksa ds lkFk 1980 o 1990 ds n'kdksa esa gqvk Fkk tc muds fey ekfyd bu 'kgjksa
dks NksM+dj T;knk equkQs okyh txgksa ij pys x, FksA bl dkj.k ogka ds cgqr ls etnwj de vk; okys vkSj T;knk
vLFkkbZ fdLe ds dke tSls lCth cspuk ;k nqdku pykuk] viuk dksbZ dke djuk vkfn djus yxsA
f'k{kk dk vkd"kZ.k nwljh vU; phtksa ds lkFk blds lkekftd xfr'khyrk ds okns esa ekStwn gSA tc yksx LFkkuh;
Ldwyksa ls bl rjg dh mEehn djus yxrs gSa tks pkgs Åaps oxZ dh vksj tkus dh gks ;k fQj vf/kd lkekftd
lEeku gkfly djus dh] rc ;g lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk LoIu f'k{kk ds izfr vkd"kZ.k dks rhoz dj nsrk gSA
lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk ekiu ,d ,slk tcjnLr rjhdk gksrk gS bl ckr dks vkadus dk fd ml bykds dk
fodkl dk ekWMy vkSj f'k{kk vius ml okns dks iwjk djus esa fdruk dke;kc jgs gSa tks oknk f'k{kk 'kkfL=k;ksa us
fd;k FkkA bls ekius dk ,d ljy rjhdk ihf<+;ksa ds chp gksus okyh xfr'khyrk gS ftlesa ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k
dh tkrh gS fd fofHkUu oxksZa ds fdrus yksx vius ekrk&firk ds oxZ ls ckgj tkus esa leFkZ gq, gSaA ;g ik;k
x;k fd ihf<+;ksa ds chp dh ;g xfr'khyrk baXySaM o vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa dh ctk, LohMu o ukosZ tSls
LdSafMusfo;kbZ ns'kksa esa T;knk csgrj jgh gS ¼CykaMsu 2005½A bl ckr dk laca/k v/;srkvksa us mu ns'kksa esa csgrj
rjhds ls fodflr ljdkjh Ldwyh O;oLFkk ds lkFk tksM+k gSA bu Ldwyksa esa mPp ;ksX;rk okys f'k{kd gksrs gSa vkSj
detksj Nk=kksa dks vfrfjDr enn nsus ij tksj gksrk gSA bldh ,d otg O;kid dY;k.kdkjh mik; Hkh gSa tks
xjhcksa dks vkokl] fpfdRlk lqfo/kk o iks"k.k miyC/k djokdj mUgsa vkxs c<+us esa enn djrs gSaA baXySaM o
vesfjdk nksuksa gh ns'kksa esa ljdkjh Ldwy o dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa ds ykHk mrus izHkko'kkyh ugha gSaA
Hkkjr esa lkekftd xfr'khyrk 1983 o 2013 ds chp c<+h gS ¼jsM~Mh 2015½A gkykafd gks ldrk gS fd ;g
xfr'khyrk is'ksxr lajpuk esa cnyko dh otg ls T;knk gqbZ gksA ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls cPpksa ds vius firk ds
is'ks ls nwljs is'ks esa pys tkus ds ihNs vdsyh f'k{kk dk tks ;ksxnku gksrk gS mlesa deh vkbZ gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa
dgsa rks [kqn f'k{kk O;oLFkk xjhc i`"BHkwfe ds cPpksa dks 'kkfey djus esa rFkk mUgsa T;knk vk; okys Åaps oxZ esa
ys tkus esa mruh leFkZ ugha jgh gSA bldk dkj.k 'kk;n f'k{kk dk c<+rk futhdj.k rFkk Ldwyksa o dkWystksa dh
c<+rh gqbZ ykxr gS] lkFk gh ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa fxjkoV rFkk ljdkjh dkWystksa dk i;kZIr rsth ls fodkl ugha
gksuk Hkh gSA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
10 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
oxZ D;ksa
fdlh bykds dh oxhZ; lajpuk bZ'oj iznÙk ugha gksrh vkSj u gh r; o fLFkj gksrh gSA ;g fofHkUu ,sfrgkfld
dkyksa esa cnyrh jgrh gSA fdlh [kkl oxhZ; lajpuk ds cuus o cnyus ds ihNs dqN otgsa gks ldrh gSaA ihNs
ftu fofHkUu fl)karksa dk ftØ fd;k x;k gS os bldh vyx&vyx O;k[;k djrs gSaA dqN dk dguk gks ldrk
gS fd oxksZa dk laca/k lekt esa ekStwn rduhd ds Lrj ls gksrk gSA dqN dg ldrs gSa fd ;s bl ckr ij fuHkZj
djrs gSa fd jktuSfrd lÙkk fdlds ikl gSA vxj fupys oxZ jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus esa T;knk leFkZ gks tkrs
gSa rks oxhZ; lajpuk iwjh rjg ls nwljk :i ys ysrh gSA vxj mPp oxZ nwljksa dh ctk, dsoy vkSj dsoy vius
fodkl esa #fp ysa rks bldk ifj.kke ;g gks ldrk gS fd T;knk ls T;knk laifÙk Åijh Lrj ij bdëh gks tk,xhA
;fn mPp oxZ lkekftd ftEesnkjh o Hkkxhnkjh ds fopkj ls izsfjr gksa rks oxksZa ds chp dk Hksn de gks ldrk gSA
f'k{kk vkt dh oxhZ; lajpuk ds dsUnz esa gSA blh ds tfj, mPp oxZ dks T;knkrj txgksa rd igqapuk laHko gks
ikrk gS] gkykafd bl igqap dk eryc lh/ks rkSj ij mu m|eksa dk LokfeRo gkfly djuk ugha gksrkA bldh
fo"k;oLrq ij fofHkUu oxksZa dh t:jrksa o la?k"kksZa dk jax p<+k gSA ;gka ;g lq>k;k tk jgk gS fd vkt dh f'k{kk
dks le>uk o mlds fy, dke djuk blds fj'rs dks oxZ O;oLFkk ds lkFk le>s fcuk eqefdu ugha gSA dqN yksx
bl vksj /;ku fnyk ldrs gSa fd f'k{kk dk eryc flQZ ukSdjh vkSj iSlk ugha gSA bldk ysuk&nsuk laLÑfr] i;kZoj.k
o gekjs ,d&nwljs ds lkFk lac/a k vkfn lHkh phtksa ls gSA ;g ckr lgh gS vkSj ;g f'k{kk ds fy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ
ljksdkj gSA gkykafd ;g lc lekt dh oxhZ; lajpuk ds lkFk xqFa ks gq, gSAa vPNs ewY;ksa okyh f'k{kk dks lEekutud
rjhds ls thou;kiu djus dk rjhdk Hkh miyC/k djokuk pkfg,A ;g laHko gS ;k ugha ;g dkQh gn rd esjs
ekrk&firk ds oxZ ij vkSj esjs bykds dh oxhZ; lajpuk }kjk miyC/k djok, tk jgs voljksa ij fuHkZj djsxkA oxhZ;
lajpuk ;g Hkh r; dj ldrh gS fd dkSu rks lqlLa Ñr o izcq) cusxk vkSj dkSu Jelk/; thou th,xkA
bl ckr ij Hkh /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd oxZ dsoy ek=k rjhdk ugha gS ftlds tfj, f'k{kk o lekt esa
Lrjhdj.k gksrk gSA vxys ys[k esa ge tkfr ls eq[kkfrc gksxa s vkSj var esa tkfr o oxZ ds fj'rksa ds lkoky lsA u
Hkk"kkUrj% izeksn ikBd
la n HkZ %
Blanden, J., Gregg, P., & Machin, S. (2005). Intergenerational mobility in Europe and North America.
London: Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. Retrieved from http://cep.lse.ac.uk/about/news/
IntergenerationalMobility.pdf
Dandekar, V. M. (2001). Nature of Class Conflict in the Indian Society. In K. L. Sharma (Ed.), Social
Inequality in India: Profiles of Caste, Class and Social Mobility (Second, pp. 298–329). Jaipur and
New Delhi: Rawat.
Reddy, A. B. (2015). Changes in Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in India: Evidence from
National Sample Surveys, 1983–2012. World Development, 76, 329–343.
Wright, E. O. (1996). Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Wright, E. O. (2005). Foundations of a Neo-Marxist Class Analysis. In E. O. Wright (Ed.), Approaches
to class analysis (pp. 1–26). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ys[kd ifjp;% tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ls ,efQy ,oa ih,pMh djus ds ckn ,dyO;]
gkS'kaxkckn ds lkFk yxHkx 3 o"kZ rd dk;Z fd;kA blds mijkUr vkbZvkbZVh] dkuiqj esa lekt'kkL=k dk v/;kiu
fd;kA orZeku esa vthe izseth ;wuhoflZVh] cSaxyksj esa lekt'kkL=k ds izksQslj gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 11
 O;k[;ku

Kku ds fuekZ.k o mRiknu ij

f'k{kk'kkL=k dk izHkko
jksfgr /kudj

blanHkZl esl=ka f'k{kk'kkL=k

ds fy, eq>s fn;k x;k ewy fo"k; cgqr isphnk Fkk ^^Kku ds mRiknu o dkS'ky fodkl ds
o j.kuhfr ds eqís**A ,d NksVs O;k[;ku ds fygkt ls eq>s ;g fo"k; pqukSrhiw.kZ
yxkA vr% eSa bls laf{kIr djrs gq, fo"k; dks dqN gn rd cnydj& ^^Kku ds fuekZ.k o mRiknu ij
f'k{kk'kkL=k dk izHkko** dj jgk gwaA
blls igys fd eSa f'k{kk'kkL=k vkSj mlds izHkko ij vkÅa] ;g vko';d yxrk gS fd eSa Kku] Kku&fuekZ.k
vkSj Kku ds mRiknu dks vius vFkksaZ esa ifjHkkf"kr d:aA
Kku
eq>s yxrk gS fd bl izdkj dh ppkZ esa nks rjg dk Kku egRoiw.kZ gSA ,d] ftls vke rkSj ij
^^izfØ;kRed Kku** dgk tkrk gS ;k dgsa fd dqN dSls fd;k tkuk gS dk KkuA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;g
tkuuk fd pk; dSls cukbZ tkrh gS] ;k isM+ ij dSls p<+k tkrk gS] ;k dkj dSls pykbZ tkrh gS] ;k uy
yxkuk vkSj ml dh ejEer djuk] ;k xf.kr esa xq.kk djus dh fof/k] ;k dksbZ iz;ksx djuk] ;k dksbZ xkM+h
Bhd djuk vkfnA vke rkSj ij ge ,sls Kku dks ^dkS'ky* dgrs gSaA blesa lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr ^^;g]
fl)kar% tkuus** dh ugha gS fd ^^dkj dSls Bhd dh tkrh gS** cfYd egRo dkj dks Bhd djus dh vly
dkfcfy;r dk gSA
exj bldk ;g vFkZ Hkh ugha gS fd ^dSls djuk gS* dks tkuus ds fy, lS)kafrd Kku dh t:jr gh u
gksA ^lS)kafrd Kku* vkSj ^djus dh dkfcfy;r* ds chp ds vUrj dks le>us ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k ysrs
gSaA dYiuk djsa HkkSfrd foKku ds ,d izksQslj dh tks bl ckr dk rjhdk fudky ys fd ,d NDdk
yxkus ds fy, fØdsV dh xsan ij fdl rjg izgkj djuk gksxk ¼fdl dks.k ij] fdrus cy ls] cYys dks
fdl rjg ygjk dj vkfn½ vkSj vkidks dEI;wVj ij blds vuq:i >yd Hkh fn[kk ldsA ysfdu vxj
vki mls fØdsV [ksyus ds fy, Hkst nsrs gSa rks cgqr eqefdu gS fd og igyh gh xsan ij vkmV gks tk,A
nwljh vksj dYiuk dhft, ,d vPNs cYysckt dh tks dbZ NDds rks yxk ldrk gks exj 'kk;n NDdk
ekjus dh HkkSfrdh dh O;k[;k u dj ldsA HkkSfrdh ds izksQslj ds ikl NDdk yxk, tkus ls lEc)
^lS)kafrd Kku* gS ysfdu og ;g dj ugha ldrkA cYysckt NDdk yxk ldrk gS exj mlds ikl
'kk;n HkkSfrdh ds lanHkZ esa ;g ^lS)kafrd Kku* u gks fd ;g dSls fd;k tkrk gSA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
12 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
bl izdkj ds Kku] ;kuh izfØ;kRed Kku ;k dkS'ky dk gekjh ikB~;p;kZ esa dksbZ fo'ks"k LFkku ugha gSA ysfdu
ogka bldk dqN fp=k.k rks gS vkSj okLrfod thou esa bldk cgqr ewY; gSA [kklrkSj ls jksVh&jksth ds fy, rFkk
lekt dks pyk, j[kus ds fy, HkhA
nwljs rjg dk Kku ftls eSaus Åij ^lS)kafrd Kku* ds rkSj ij n'kkZ;k gS] dks vDlj ^rF;kRed Kku* dgk tkrk
gSA blds dqN mnkgj.k bl izdkj gks ldrs gSa% ^^o"kZ 2015 esa cSaxyksj dh vkcknh 1]08]39]725 gS**1 ^^1]08]39]725
dk oxZewy 3]292 gSA** ^^nwjh d ij fLFkr m1 vkSj m2 nzO;eku ds nks fi.Mksa ds chp xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy
F=G×m1×m2/d2 gksrk gSA**

bl lanHkZ esa ^tkuus* dk vFkZ D;k gS\ ;g le>us ds fy, gesa ^tkuus* ds mu rhu vyx&vyx vFkksaZ dks le>uk
gksxk tks ^^o"kZ 2015 esa cSaxyksj dh vkcknh 1]08]39]725 gS** tSls dFkuksa esa izk;% ekStwn gksrs gSaA
vDlj lquus esa vkrk gS fd gekjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ^dsoy fl)kar fl[kkrh gS* vkSj ^dkS'ky fodflr ugha djrh*A
ysfdu eSa bl ckr dk fcYdqy dk;y ugha gwa fd gekjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk ^fl)kar* fl[kkrh gSA cfYd esjk rks nkok
gS fd gekjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk fl)kar fl[kkus esa iwjh rjg vlQy gSA
^^o"kZ 2015 esa cSaxyksj dh vkcknh 1]08]39]725 gS** bl dFku dks d{kk&6 ds fdlh Hkh cPps ds fy, ;kn djds
ijh{kk esa fy[k nsuk dkQh vklku gSA ysfdu D;k bl dFku dks fy[k ldus okyk izR;sd O;fDr ^tkurk* gS fd
cSaxyksj dh tula[;k fdruh gS\ bls le>us ds fy, pkj mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA
mnkgj.k 1% cgqr eqefdu gS fd ;g okD; ,d ,sls O;fDr dks cksyuk fl[kk;k tk lds tks ^tula[;k*] ^cSaxyksj*]
^o"kZ 2015*] vkSj ^1]08]39]725* dks ugha le>rk gksA rks D;k ;g O;fDr dqN Hkh tkurk gS\ eSa rks dgwaxk fd
ugha] ;g dqN ugha tkurkA ^tkuus* ds fy, vkidks vius fnekx esa dqN vFkZ cukuk gksrk gSA dsoy okD; cksy
nsuk gh dkQh ugha gksrkA vkidks ^le>uk* gksxk fd D;k dgk tk jgk gS vkSj fdlds ckjs esa dgk tk jgk gSA
Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys gekjs fdrus cPps gksaxs tks bl vFkZ esa rF;kRed Kku gkfly djrs gSa\ bl ckjs esa esjk vUnktk
vkids vUnkts ls dqN vyx ugha gksxkA
mnkgj.k 2% vc dYiuk djsa ,d ,sls O;fDr dh tks bl dFku dks cksy o fy[k rks ldrk gks vkSj ^tula[;k*]
^cSaxyksj*] ^o"kZ 2015* rFkk ^1]08]39]725* ds vFkZ Hkh le>rk gks ysfdu vly esa bls lp u ekusA viuh lksp
ds eqrkfcd cSaxyksj dh tula[;k 60 yk[k ds vkl&ikl ekurk gksA D;k ge dgsaxs fd og O;fDr ;g ^^tkurk
gS fd o"kZ 2015 esa cSaxyksj dh tula[;k 1]08]39]725 gS**\ vke cksypky esa ge dgrs gSa fd gka] og tkurk
gksxk 'kk;nA ysfdu nk'kZfud dgsaxs fd ^ugha] og ugha tkurkA* ;g ckr gesa tkuus dh nwljh 'krZ ij ys vkrh
gS fd dqN tkuus ds fy,] ml ij fo'okl djuk gksrk gSA ,d O;fDr vxj ^^flxzsV ds lsou ls dSalj gksrk gS**
dFku dks cksy o fy[k ldrk gS vkSj bl dFku dks le>rk Hkh gS] ysfdu mldk fo'okl gS fd chekjh rks tUe
ds le; dh ^xzg n'kk* ¼xzg dh fLFkfr dk izHkko½ dk ekeyk gS] rks bldk vFkZ gS fd og bl ckr dks tkurk
ugha gSA
mnkgj.k 3% ,d ,sls O;fDr dh dYiuk djsa tks bl dFku dks cksy o fy[k ldrk gS] le> ldrk gS vkSj bl
ij fo'okl Hkh djrk gSA D;k ;g vko';d gS fd og dFku esa dgh xbZ ckr dks ^tkurk* gh gS\ eSa vc Hkh
dgwaxk ughaA D;ksa\ QtZ djsa fd eSa dFku ^^o"kZ 2015 esa cSaxyksj dh tula[;k 1]08]39]725 gS** dks nksgjkrk gwa
vkSj vki eq> ij fo'okl djsa ;k u djsa] la;ksx ls eSa bl dFku dk vFkZ Hkh le>rk gwaA lkFk gh QtZ djsa fd
bl ij esjk fo'okl Hkh gS ¼vly esa ,slk gS ugha] vkSj eSa crkÅaxk fd D;ksa ugha gS½A ysfdu vxj vki eq>ls
iwNsa fd eSa dSls tkurk gwa fd cSaxyksj dh vkcknh 1]08]39]725 gS] esjs bl fo'okl dh cqfu;kn D;k gS] esjs ikl
bldk D;k lcwr gS] vkSj eSa ;fn cl bruk dg ikrk gwa fd eSaus ;g baVjusV ls xwxy ds ek/;e ls tkuk rks D;k
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 13
 vki bls i;kZIr vk/kkj ekusaxs\ D;k og lc lR; gS tks xwxy ckck dgrs gSa\ ugha! pwafd esjs ikl bl dFku ij
fo'okl djus ds dksbZ csgrj vk/kkj ugha gSaA blfy, eSa ugha tkurkA bldk vFkZ gS fd dqN tkuus ds fy, esjs
ikl mldk dksbZ vkSfpR; ;k vk/kkj Hkh gksuk pkfg,A
mnkgj.k 4% vc QtZ djsa fd eSa dFku dh ckr dks cksy o fy[k ldrk gwa] le> ldrk gwa] mlesa esjk fo'okl
gS vkSj mlds fy, vkSfpR; ;k vk/kkj Hkh gS vkSj og dqN ,slh lh ckr fd eSa ;g lc fdlh cgqr fo'oluh;
osclkbV ls gkfly djrk gwa tks vly esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k ij utj j[krh gS vkSj eSa losZ{k.k] fglkc&fdrkc&x.kuk
rFkk iwoZ vUnktk yxkus dh lkaf[;dh; rduhdksa dh fof/k;ksa dk Hkh tkudkj gwaA ysfdu la;ksx ls dFku vly
esa xyr ik;k tkrk gSA rks D;k eSa tkurk gwa\ dqN nk'kZfud dgsaxs] ^^ugha!** D;ksafd Kku dks lR; Hkh gksuk gksrk
gS ojuk vkSfpR;iw.kZ gksus ds ckotwn og dsoy vkidk fo'okl Hkj cu dj jg tkrk gSA Li"V gS fd ;g dFku
xyr gSA cSaxyksj ftrus cM+s 'kgj dh vkcknh dHkh Hkh bruh lVhdrk ls ugha tkuh tk ldrh ftruh fd ;gka
iznf'kZr gSA vkadM+s ds vUr esa 725 dks nsf[k,A vkids ;g cksyus ds nks feuV ds vUnj&vUnj ;g la[;k cny
tk,xh ;k rks ,d cPpk tUe ys pqdk gksxk ;k brus gh le; esa cSaxyksj dk dksbZ fuoklh LoxZoklh gks tk,xkA
;g Kku dh cgqr gh dM+h ifjHkk"kk gSA vkiesa ls dbZ yksx dM+kbZ dh bl ekax dks iwjh rjg ls vuqfpr ekusaxs]
D;ksafd ;g fdlh Hkh pht ds ckjs esa Kku dks cgqr eqf'dy pht cuk nsxhA ysfdu esjk iDdk ekuuk gS fd vxj
ckr ^Kku ds mRiknu* dh gks jgh gks rks bl rjg dh l[r ifjHkk"kk vko';d gksxhA ge lc tkurs gSa] fl)kar
rc rd ^fl)kar* ugha gksrk tc rd fd og fdlh ?kVuk dh O;k[;k] o.kZu vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh u dj lds] og
?kVuk izkÑfrd gks pkgs lkekftdA ftl Kku dh ;s fo'ks"krk,a u gksa] mls ,d tk;t gn rd dh lVhd O;k[;k
;k o.kZu ;k Hkfo";ok.kh esa bLrseky ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blhfy, esjk dguk gS] ge fl)kar i<+krs gh ugha gSa(
ge rks cl dFkuksa dks iqu% ;kn djuk Hkj fl[kkrs gSa vkSj og Hkh vk/ks le>s gq,] fcuk fo'okl vkSj vkSfpR;
ds] rFkk vDlj xyr vkSj >wBsA
bl lcesa f'k{kk'kkL=k dgka vkrk gS\ ysfdu ml rd igqapus ls igys gesa ^Kku fuekZ.k* vkSj ^Kku ds mRiknu*
ds chp ds vUrj dks le>uk gksxkA
Kku fuekZ.k
ftls igys Kku dk ^lh[kuk*] ^gkfly djuk*] mls ^izkIr djuk* dgk tkrk Fkk] mls vc f'k{kk'kkL=k ds jpukoknh
ekud esa ^Kku dk fuekZ.k* dgk tkrk gSA bl cnyko ds ihNs dk fopkj ;g gS fd Kku dks ,d efLr"d ls
nwljs rd ml rjg ^gLrkarfjr* ugha fd;k tk ldrk] tSls ge eVds ls tx esa ;k cksry ls fxykl esa ikuh dks
gLrkarfjr djrs gSaA tks Kku gkfly djuk pkgrk gS mls vius ikl igys ls ekStwn vo/kkj.kkvksa vkSj Kku ds
ek/;e ls [kqn lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh djrs gq, bls vius fnekx esa fufeZr iM+rk gSA bl vFkZ esa Kku&fuekZ.k ,d ,slh
f'k{kk'kkL=kh; 'kCnkoyh gS tks lh[kus okys dh ekufld xfrfof/k dks dsUnz esa ys vkrh gSA ysfdu fo|ky; vkSj
egkfo|ky; ds Hkhrj bl rjg tks Kku fufeZr gksrk gS og rks yxHkx og Kku gksrk gS tks ekuo tkfr ds ikl
igys ls ekStwn gSA f'k{kkFkhZ ds fy, pkgs og u;k gks ysfdu blesa ceqf'dy gh dqN ,slk gksrk gS tks ekuo tkfr
ds fy, u;k gksA
Kku dk l`tu
eq>s Kku ds fy, ^mRiknu* 'kCn dk bLrseky ilUn ugha gSA ;g eq>esa vkyw ds fpIl ;k Vh-oh- lhfj;y ;k
eksckby Qksu vkfn ds mRiknu dk lk ,glkl txkrk gS vkSj vlsEcyh ykbu dk HkhA bu lc mnkgj.kksa esa
izfØ;k tkuh&igpkuh] vPNs ls LFkkfir] ,d [kkl #Vhu esa gksrh gS] vkSj yksx bu phtksa dks fcuk dksbZ [kkl
fnekx yxk, cgqrk;r esa mRikfnr dj ldrs gSa vkSj bl izfØ;k esa dqN Hkh ,slk ugha cuk;k tkrk tks u;k gks
;k igys ls vKkr gksA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
14 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
blfy, vxj ge Kku ds mRiknu dk vFkZ ekuo dh le> dh lhekvksa dks c<+krs gq, u, Kku dk l`tu ekurs
gSa rks ;g lgh 'kCn ugha gSA ;g vly esa gesa HkVdk nsrk gS] mlh rjg tSls vktdy ds 'kSf{kd foe'kZ esa vU;
dbZ 'kCn HkVdkrs gSaA eSa bls Kku dk l`tu dgwaxk vkSj ^fuekZ.k* rFkk ^l`tu* esa l'krZ ,d vUrj d:axkA fuekZ.k
dk bLrseky eSa igys ls ekuo dh tkudkjh esa ekStwn Kku dks fdlh O;fDr ds efLr"d esa iqu% jps tkus ds fy,
d:axk vkSj l`tu dk mi;ksx fdlh ,slh ckr dks ^vc tku ikus* ds lwpd ds :i esa tks igys ekuo tkfr dh
tkudkjh esa ugha FkhA
esjh jk; esa tks ckr beSuqvy dkUV oSKkfud Kku ds laca/k esa dgrs gSa] ^Kku dh jpuk* esa Hkh ,slk gh dqN gS%
^^cqf) dks ;fn izÑfr }kjk fl[kk;k tkuk gS rks mls ,d gkFk esa mu fl)karksa dks j[k dj izÑfr dh
vksj c<+uk gksxk ftuds eqrkfcd y{k.kksa esa vuq:irk vkSj lgefr dks fu;e ekuk tk ldrk gS vkSj
nwljs gkFk esa j[kuk gksxk bu fl)karksa ds vuq:i fopkjk x;k ijh{k.k rkfd izÑfr }kjk ;wa f'kf{kr u
fd;k tk, tSls dksbZ f'k"; tks f'k{kd dh bPNkuqlkj ogh cksyrk gS tks f'k{kd cksyuk pkgrk gS] cfYd
ml fu;qDr U;k;k/kh'k dh rjg f'kf{kr fd;k x;k gks tks xokg dks vius lokyksa ds tokc nsus dks
foo'k dj nsA**
dkUV ;gka ;g ugha lq>k jgs fd ^izÑfr* Kku nsrh gS cfYd ;g fd ekuo dh cqf) }kjk mls vuqHko ds vk/kkj
ij :i fn;k tkrk gSA
f'k{kk'kkL=k
vc ge f'k{kk'kkL=k ij vk ldrs gSaA ;g f'k{k.k dh dyk ;k rjhdk gSA ;g dsoy fl[kkus dh dqN fo'ks"k
rduhd ;k xfrfof/k ;k d{kk&izca/ku ugha gSA ;g lc f'k{kk'kkL=k esa 'kkfey gS ysfdu lkFk gh ;g f'k{kk ds
mís';ksa] cPps dh lkekftd fLFkfr vkSj mlds efLr"d ds ckjs esa Hkh ltx gksrk gSA ;g cPps dks mlds ekStwnk
ekufld Lrj ls ml Lohdk;Z ekuoh;&Kku rd ys tkus dh dyk gS tks vki cPps dks nsuk pkgrs gSaA vkSj mldh
xfrfof/k;ka ges'kk ,d vksj ls rks f'k{kk ds mís';ksa nwljh vksj f'k{kkFkhZ ds efLr"d ds lkFk rkyesy j[krh gSaA
bl vFkZ esa f'k{kk'kkL=k ^Kku ds fuekZ.k* ls lEc) gS u fd ^Kku l`tu* lsA fdUrq Kku l`tu dh {kerkvksa ij
Hkh bldk cgqr xgjk izHkko iM+rk gSA f'k{kk'kkL=k ds fygkt ls f'k{k.k ds [kjkc rjhdksa ls lh[ks gq, O;fDr ds
eqdkcys csgrj f'k{k.k rjhdksa ls lh[ks gq, O;fDr esa ^u;k Kku l`tu* dj ikus dh xqatkb'k vf/kd gksrh gSA
dkUV ds ,d vkSj e'kgwj dFku dks ysrs gSa%
^^varjkuqHkwfr ds fcuk fopkj [kkyh gksrs gSa] vo/kkj.kkvksa ds fcuk varjkuqHkwfr vU/khA** ;kuh fopkjksa vkSj ,sUnzh;
vuqHkwfr;ksa dk vo/kkj.kkvksa ds ek/;e ls esy gksuk gksxkA tks fopkj gekjs efLr"d esa dksbZ vFkZ u txkrs gksa]
os ^[kkyh* gSa] fdlh dke ds ugha gSaA vkSj ,sUnzh; vuqHkwfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls tUes] fopkjksa ls vlac) fcEc va/ks
gSa] muls gesa dksbZ jks'kuh ugha feyrhA blfy, izR;sd fopkj dks dksbZ vFkZ txkuk gksxk vkSj izR;sd fcEc dks fdlh
fopkj ds lkFk lac) gksuk gksxk vkSj ;gh Kku&fuekZ.k dk vk'k; gSA
rks fdl rjg dk f'k{kk'kkL=k f'k{k.k esa bl izdkj lgk;d gks ldrk gS fd f'k{kkFkhZ fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; esa jgrs
gq, Kku fufeZr dj ldas vkSj o;Ld gksus ij mldk l`tu dj ldsa\
eq>s viuh ckr la{ksi esa djuh gS blfy, eSa vc f'k{kk ds nks egku nk'kZfudksa] tkWu MîwbZ rFkk bljkby 'ks¶yj
ls dqN ckrsa m/kkj ywaxkA M~;wbZ 1902 esa izdkf'kr viuh NksVh lh e'kgwj iqLrd ^^n pkbYM ,.M n dfjdqye**
esa vius le; dh ijaijkxr f'k{kk vkSj cky&dsfUnzr f'k{kk ds chp ,d le>kSrk izLrkfor djrs gSaA os leL;k
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 15
 bl ckr esa ns[krs gSa fd nksuksa vksj ds yksx dêj n`f"Vdks.k j[krs gSaA cky&dsfUnzr i)fr ds yksx ;g ekudj pyrs
gSa fd cPps dh #fp;ka vkSj lkeF;Z gh vdsys ekxZn'kZd gSa( ;s yksx Kku dh ekuoh; ijEijkvksa dks vuns[kk djrs
gSaA nwljh vksj ijaijkokfn;ksa dk ekuuk gS fd lkjk egRo ikB~;Øe esa lafgrkc) Kku dk gS ysfdu os cPps dh #fp;ksa
vkSj lkeF;Z dks vuns[kk djrs gSAa eSa bl NksVh iqLrd ls rhu fopkj vius orZeku mís';ksa ds fy, mBkrk gw%a
M~;wbZ ^^ikB~;p;kZ ds euksoSKkuhdj.k** dk lq>ko nsrs gSaA muds dgus dk vFkZ gS fd cPps ds efLr"d dh
euksoSKkfud cqukoV dks( mldh #fp;ksa] le>us ds mlds rjhdksa] mlds ekStwnk vo/kkj.kkRed jax&iVy vkSj ml
ds vuqHko vkfn dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, le>k tk,A nwljh ckr ml lafgrkc) ekuo&Kku dks ns[kus dh gS tks
vki pkgrs gSa fd og gkfly djsA lkFk gh] cPps ds efLr"d vkSj ml Kku ds chp ds laca/k dks le>us dh ckr
Hkh gSA rhljk] ,d ,sls iFk dks cukus dh ckr gS tgka ls cPpk ml Kku rd igqap lds tks vki pkgrs gSa fd og
gkfly djsA bldk lkj&la{ksi ;g gks ldrk gS%
1- cPpk tgka gS] ogka ls 'kq: djsaA
2- ikB~;p;kZ dk euksoSKkuhdj.k djsaA
3- mís'; ekStwnk lafgrkc) ekuo&Kku dks le>us dk gksA
vc ge btjk;y 'ks¶yj ij vkrs gSa vkSj muds fuca/k ^^fQykslksfQdy ekWMYl vkWQ Vhfpax** ls rhu eq[; ckrsa
ysrs gSaA bl fucU/k esa 'ks¶yj dh nyhy lh[kus okys dh le> vkSj Lok;Ùkrk dks ys dj gSA viuh ekStwnk ppkZ
ds fy, ge muls rhu ladsr ys ldrs gSa%
1- vo/kkj.kkvksa ds lkFk lh[kuk lqfuf'pr gks( ;kuh cPps ds fy, Li"V cks/kkRed vFkZ fudysaA
2- cPps dks fl[kk,a fd og fl[kkbZ xbZ gj ckr ds vkSfpR; dh ekax djs vkSj f'k{kd lesr gj izdkj ds
vf/kdkjh ls loky djsA
3- cPpk viuh rkfdZd tkap ij [kjk mrjus okyh ckr dks gh Lohdkjs Hkys gh og fdruh gh vifjiDo D;ksa
u gksA
eq>s ,glkl gS fd ;s fdlh Hkh f'k{kd ds fy, iwjh dh tkus okyh eqf'dy 'krsaZ gSaA ysfdu Kku dk ^l`tu* Hkh
vklku rks ugha gSA ihry vkSj lksuk] nksuksa gh fdlh vuqHkoghu utj dks ,d ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA blds ckotwn]
vkidks ihry dh dher esa lksuk ugha feysxkA vki lksuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks mldh dher pqdkuh gksxh ;k
fQj ihry ij gh xqtkjk djuk gksxkA ;gka Hkh ogh ckr gS vxj ge Kku dk ^l`tu* pkgrs gSa] rks gesa mi;qDr
f'k{kk'kkL=k dh vko';drk gksxh ;k fQj ^fdlh ,slh pht dks mxyus ls lUrq"V gksuk gksxk tks fn[kkbZ rks Kku
tSlh nsrh gS* exj gS dkQh ?kfV;kA
laHko gS fd ,slk f'k{kk'kkL=k Kku dk l`tu djus esa lgk;d vkStkj iznku djsxkA ysfdu bldh dksbZ xkj.Vh ugha
gS vkSj blhfy, f'k{kk'kkL=k fuf'pr foKku dh ctk; dyk vf/kd gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd f'k{kk'kkL=kh; csgrjh
ds fy, viukbZ tkus okyh izca/kdh; i)fr;ka de QynkbZ jgrh gSaA fdUrq fdlh izdkj dh lqfuf'pr i)fr dk
vHkko gksus ds ckotwn ;g bl yk;d gS fd blds fy, dksf'k'k dh tkrh jguh pkfg,A u
¼;g ys[k 23 ebZ] 2015 dks cSaxyksj esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; tu foKku dkaxzsl esa fn, x, O;k[;ku dk fgUnh :ikUrj.k gS½
1. http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/bangalore-population.html

ys[kd ifjp;% jksfgr èkudj vthe izseth fo'ofo|ky; esa izksQslj ,oa vdknfed fodkl ds funs'kd gSa vkSj
fnxUrj] t;iqj ds laLFkkid lnL; ,oa vdknfed lykgdkj gSaA
Hkk"kkUrj% je.khd eksgu

f'k{kk foe'kZ
16 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
 'kks/k

/kkjkokfgd] cPps vkSj Vsyhfotu

,d var%fØ;k
feyh HkVukxj

vkt ds nkSj esa cPps Vsyhfotu ds lkFk fdl rjg var%fØ;k djrs gSa\ bl
var%fØ;k esa cPpksa dh Hkwfedk D;k gksrh gS\ Vsyhfotu ns[kus ds nkSjku cPps
/kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh dks fdl rjg xzg.k djrs gSa\ vkSj Vsyhfotu cPpksa
ds thou esa fdl rjg 'kkfey gS\ vkfn lokyksa dk tokc ryk'k djrk
feyh HkVukxj dk ;g vkys[k ,d NksVs ls 'kks/k ij vk/kkfjr gSA

Hkkjrh; ifjisz{; esa Vh-oh- dks ysdj T;knkrj fparu /kkjkokfgdksa ds fo"k;&oLrq ij fleV tkrk gSA
izfl) Hkkjrh; /kkjkokfgd viuh fo"k;&oLrq ds fy, dkQh vkykspuk lg jgs gSaA dgkfu;ksa dk dykRed
Lrj dkQh uhps tk pqdk gSA fuf'pr gh ;g /kkjkokfgd lkekftd iwokZxzgksa dks viuk <kapk cukdj
dgkuh dks vkxs c<+krs gSaA [kkldj vkSjrksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds fyax O;ogkj esa xgjkbZ ugha fn[kkbZ tkrh]
cfYd :f<+oknh fyax O;ogkj dks ges'kk c<+kok fn;k tkrk gSA ,sls esa tkfgj gS ;g fpark gksrh gS fd
gekjs cPpksa ij izfl) /kkjkokfgdksa dk D;k izHkko iM+ jgk gSA
,d dk;ZØe dh vof/k de ls de vk/kk ?kaVk gksrh gSA lkspus okyh ckr gS fd D;k bl vk/ks ?kaVs dh
Vh-oh- ns[kus dh iwjh izfØ;k esa flQZ /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh egRoiw.kZ gS\ bl iz'u dks le>us ds fy,
nwljk iz'u djrs gSaA ,d fQYe flusek?kj esa Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gS vkSj ?kj esa Vh-oh- ij HkhA ij D;k
ge ,d gh fQYe dh dgkuh dks nksuksa ekè;e ls ,d tSlk gh xzg.k djrs gSa\ ughaA rks D;k bldk eryc
;g gS fd flQZ fo"k;&foLrq gh ugha] ehfM;k ds ekè;e ij Hkh ;g fuHkZj djrk gS fd ge fdlh dgkuh
dh D;k le> cukrs gSaA tjk vkSj ckjhdh ls lksprs gSaA vxj nks cPps lkFk esa ,d gh /kkjkokfgd ns[ksa
rks D;k nksuksa dgkuh dh ,d gh le> cuk,axs\ ughaA fi;kts ds dke us dkQh xgjkbZ ls ;g le>k;k
gS fd cPps fuf"Ø; ugha gksrs gSaA og lfØ;rk ds lkFk vius okrkoj.k esa gks jgh xfrfof/k;ksa dh le>
fodflr djrs gSaA rks D;k ;g ckr ?kj ds cSBd esa tgka Vh-oh- ns[kk tkrk gS] mruh gh oS/k ugha gS
ftruh fd ,d d{kk esa\ blfy, tc ge ekurs gSa fd /kkjkokfgd dk cPpksa ij izHkko iM+rk gS rc ge
cPps dh Hkwfedk dks fuf"Ø; eku ysrs gSaA cPpksa ij /kkjkokfgd dk vlj ugha iM+rk cfYd cPps
/kkjkokfgd dks lfØ;rk ds lkFk ns[krs gSa] blfy, cPps /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh dks xzg.k djrs gSaA
Vh-oh- ns[kus dh iwjh izfØ;k esa rhu ckrsa egRoiw.kZ gSa /kkjkokfgd] Vh-oh- vkSj cPpk [kqnA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 17
 ehfM;k txr ds izHkko'kkyh fpardksa esa ls ,d ek'kZy eSDyqgku FksA muds
vHkh rd gq, vè;;uksa ij utj
eqrkfcd ehfM;k ekuo thou esa lkekftd o euksoSKkfud cnyko iSnk djrk
Mkyrs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd bl izfØ;k dks gSA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh ehfM;k O;fDr ds 'kjhj esa izlkj
le>us dh dksf'k'k ugha gqbZ gSA T;knkrj (extension) iSnk djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, e'khujh] e'khujh] vkus ls igys
vè;;uksa esa cPpksa] ekrk&firk rFkk f'k{kdksa O;fDr lkjk dk;Z [kqn ds 'kjhj ls djrs FksA tc e'khujh vkbZ rks gj dk;Z ds
ls iz'u iwNdj] oks Hkh rc tc cPpk fy, vyx e'khu cuh tks fd ,d ckj esa 'kjhj ds dqN fof'k"V vaxksa ds }kjk
Vh-oh- ns[k Hkh ugha jgk gksrk] ;g irk gh lapkfyr gks ldrh gSA blfy, e'khujh us ekuo thou esa fo[kaMu
(fragmentation) iSnk fd;kA
yxkus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh jgh gS fd
/kkjkokfgdksa dk cPpksa ij D;k vlj rks tc 'kjhj ds ,d fgLls dk izlkj gksrk gS] rc 'kjhj dk larqyu fcxM+ tkrk
iM+rk gSA gSA larqyu okfil ikus ds fy, O;fDr dk 'kjhj izfrfØ;k nsrk gSA vc fdl
fgLls esa izlkj gksxk vkSj larqyu dSls okfil ik;k tk,xk] ;g fuHkZj djrk gS
ehfM;k ds ekè;e ijA eSDyqgku us bls ,sls j[kk] ^^ekè;e gh lans'k gS**] fo"k;
oLrq gesa lans'k ds Åij è;ku nsus ls HkVdk nsrh gSA
bu lHkh ckrksa dk lkj ;g fudy dj vkrk gS fd /kkjkokfgd ns[kus dh izfØ;k esa /kkjkokfgd] Vh-oh- o cPps
dh viuh Hkwfedk,a gksrh gSa] ftudk voyksdu viuh LokHkkfod ifjfLFkfr esa djuk pkfg,A ij tc ge vHkh
rd gq, vè;;uksa ij utj Mkyrs gSa rks ikrs gSa fd bl izfØ;k dks le>us dh dksf'k'k ugha gqbZ gSA T;knkrj
vè;;uksa esa cPpksa] ekrk&firk rFkk f'k{kdksa ls iz'u iwNdj] oks Hkh rc tc cPpk Vh-oh- ns[k Hkh ugha jgk gksrk]
;g irk yxkus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh jgh gS fd /kkjkokfgdksa dk cPpksa ij D;k vlj iM+rk gSA blfy, bl izfØ;k
dks le>us ds fy, ,d NksVk lk vè;;u fd;k x;kA bl vè;;u ds mís'; Fks&
l LokHkkfod lsfVax esa /kkjkokfgd ns[kus dh izfØ;k ds nkSjku gks jgh var%fØ;kvksa dk fo'ys"k.k djuk
l var%fØ;k esa cPps] Vh-oh- o /kkjkokfgd dh Hkwfedk dks le>uk
l cPps izfl) /kkjkokfgdksa dh dgkfu;ksa dk D;k vFkZ fudkyrs gSa le>uk
vè;;u dh fof/k
bl vè;;u dh ladYiuk bl rjg dh xbZ Fkh fd cPpksa ds lkFk feydj Vh-oh- ns[kus dh izfØ;k dk vuqHko fd;k
tk ldsA bl vè;;u esa ekrk&firk ,oa f'k{kdksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj cPpksa ls muds lkeus ckr
ugha dh xbZA nks fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k& lk{kkRdkj vkSj voyksduA lk{kRdkj dks blfy, pquk x;k rkfd
;g irk fd;k tk lds fd cPps dh /kkjkokfgd vFkok Vh-oh- ns[kus dh izfØ;k ds ckjs esa [kqn dh D;k le>
gSA lk{kkRdkj ds fy, igys ls gh iz'u rS;kj dj fy, x, FksA fo'ks"k :i ls ,sls iz'u cuk, x, Fks ftuls ;g
irk fd;k tk lds fd cPps dks /kkjkokfgd esa D;k ilan vkSj D;k ukilan gS rFkk og dgkuh ij dgka vkSj
fdruk è;ku nsrk gSA ;g Hkh irk py lds fd og Vh-oh- ns[kus ds nkSjku D;k fØ;k,a djrk gSA voyksdu dks
blfy, pquk x;k rkfd 'kks/kdrkZ Lo;a bl izfØ;k dk vuqHko dj ik,A bl fof/k esa ;g Hkh fd;k tk ldrk
Fkk fd lk{kkRdkj esa feys tokc fdrus lgh FksA
lk{kkRdkj dh txg ,oa rjhdk
D;ksafd vè;;u dk ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ fgLlk Fkk Vh-oh- ns[kus dh izfØ;k dk LokHkkfod lsfVax esa vuqHko djuk]
blfy, 'kks/k drkZ us cPpksa ds ?kjksa esa tkdj lkFk esa mudk euilan /kkjkokfgd ns[kkA bl nkSjku cPps dk O;ogkj
o dejs esa gks jgh lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa dks uksV fd;k x;kA /kkjkokfgd lekIr gksrs gh cPpksa dks vdsys esa ys tkdj
lk{kkRdkj fy;k x;kA lk{kkRdkj rqjar ckn blfy, fy;k x;k rkfd cPpksa dk Vh-oh- ns[kus dk vuqHko rktk jgsA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
18 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
cPpksa dk p;u
D;ksafd bl vè;; dk mís'; cPpksa ds Vh-oh- ns[kus dh izfØ;k dh le> cukuk Fkk] lkekU;hdj.k ugha o vè;;u
dks N% efgus ds Hkhrj lekIr djuk Fkk] blfy, ,d NksVk lSEiy pquk x;kA lSaiy bl izdkj Fkk& 11&13 o"khZ;
mez ds nl cPps ftuesa ikap yM+ds o ikap yM+fd;ksa dks pquk x;kA lHkh ls muds lkFk vè;;u djus dh vuqefr
ekaxh xbZA lHkh cPps xkft;kckn 'kgj ds jgus okys Fks o ogha ds fo|ky;ksa esa i<+ jgs FksA lHkh vaxzsth ekè;e
izkbZosV fo|ky;ksa esa i<+ jgs Fks vkSj lHkh eè;eoxhZ; ifjokj ls vkrs FksA
fo'ys"k.k
dkSu ls /kkjkokfgd ns[ks x,
lHkh cPpksa us dgk fd og ,d fnu esa pkj ls vf/kd /kkjkokfgd ugha ns[krsA ,d cPpk lkr dk;ZØe ns[krk
Fkk] ijUrq muesa ls ikap dkVwZu Fks vkSj nks /kkjkokfgdA lHkh vyx&vyx /kkjkokfgd ns[k jgs Fks] dqN gh
/kkjkokfgd Fks tks fd lc esa lkekU; FksA bu /kkjkokfgdksa dks ns[kus ds dkj.k Hkh vyx&vyx Fks] ijUrq vf/kdrj
dkj.kksa esa ,d ckr lkekU; Fkh% /kkjkokfgd esa gkL; dk ekStwn gksukA cPpksa dks ;g Hkyh Hkkafr Kkr Fkk fd
/kkjkokfgd dk iqu% izlkj.k fdl le; gksrk Fkk vkSj tc Hkh laHko gks] og iqu% izlkj.k ns[k ysrs FksA
Vh-oh- usVodZ ij vusd pSuyksa dh mifLFkfr n'kZdksa dks vusd fodYi iznku djrh gSA bu cPpksa ds ikl Hkh dbZ
fodYi ekStwn FksA rkjd esgrk dk mYVk p'ek tks fd eè;e oxhZ; ifjokjksa ds jkstejkZ ds thou o iM+ksfl;ksa
ds lkFk ijLij fØ;k ij vk/kfjr Fkk o gkL; 'kSyh dk /kkjkokfgd FkkA nl esa ls lkr cPps ns[krs Fks o ilan
djrs FksA
/kkjkokfgd rkfydk
³ vdcj chjcy
³ esjs jax esas jaxus okyh
³ ?kj tekbZ
³ egkdqaHk
³ rkjd esgrk dk mYVk p'ek
³ dqedqe HkkX;
³ tks/kk vdcj
³ dqcwy gSa
³ fu'kk vkSj mlds dftUl
³ rw esjk ghjk
³ esjh vkf'kdh rqels gh
³ ;s gS eksgCcrsa
³ bl I;kj dks D;k uke naw
³ fpfM+;k ?kj
³ lM~Mk gd
³ ;e gSa ge
³ 'kkL=kh flLVlZ
³ cM+h nwj ls vk, gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 19
 cPpksa ds lcls T;knk ukilan fdjnkj fdl ij tksj fn;k x;k
Hkh vf/kdrj iq#"k FksA bu fdjnkjksa dks dkSu ghjks gS vkSj dkSu ghjksbZu] ;g ckr cPpksa dks Li"V :i ls ekywe FkhA muds
/kkjkokfgd esa T;knkrj cqjs dke djrs gq, fglkc ls iwjs /kkjkokfgd esa ,d ;k T;knk ls T;knk nks ghjks Fks vkSj ,d
fn[kk;k x;k FkkA og ges'kk ghjks&ghjksbZu ghjksbZuA cPpksa us crk;k fd 'kh"kZd ls lkQ gks tkrk gS fd /kkjkokfgd ds dkSu
ls fdjnkj ghjks&ghjksbZu gSa] o ;g dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha gS] ^^vius vki irk py
ds f[kykQ pkyckth djrs Fks] yksxksa dks tkrk gSA** mUgksaus bu ghjks&ghjksbZu dks okLrfod uke dh txg muds fdjnkjksa
muds f[kykQ HkM+dkrs Fks vkSj ges'kk mUgsa ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;kA tc oks fdlh vkSj ls /kkjkokfgd ds ckjs esa ppkZ
ijs'kku djrs jgrs FksA djrs Fks] rc Hkh fdjnkjksa dk gh uke mi;ksx djrs Fks] okLrfod uke ughaA tSls
fd ,d /kkjkokfgd esa ubZ ukf;dk dk izos'k gqvk vkSj cPps us mls igpku
fy;kA mldh eka us iwNk ^^dkSu gS ;g\** rks mlus tokc esa ukf;dk ds iwoZ /kkjkokfgd esa fdjnkj dk tks uke
Fkk] og fy;kA
cPpksa ls iwNk x;k Fkk fd /kkjkokfgdksa esa ghjks&ghjksbZu D;k djrs gSaA bu /kkjkokfgdksa esa ls fdlh esa ghjks ,d
jktk Fkk tks U;k; djrk Fkk] fdlh esa ,d njckjh Fkk tks le>nkj Fkk] dgha ,d vkneh tks dkj pkyd ls c<+k
O;kikjh cu x;k] fdlh esa ,d vkneh ftldh [kqn dh bySDVªkWfuDl dh nqdku Fkh] dgha ,d lw=k/kj Fkk tks lcdh
ijs'kkuh gy djrk FkkA ;gka rd fd ghjks ,d ,slk vkneh Hkh Fkk tks dqN Hkh ugha djrk Fkk fQj Hkh yM+fd;ka
mlds ihNs iM+h jgrh FkhaA bu lHkh esa tks xq.k lkekU; Fks oks ;g fd ghjks ges'kk mPp ;k mPp&eè;e vkfFkZd
Js.kh dk lQy O;fDr Fkk tks dHkh xyr dke ugha djrk FkkA blh ds cjDl fdlh esa ghjksbZu ,d efgyk Fkh
tks vius ifr dks ijs'kku djrh jgrh Fkh] rks fdlh esa ,d ,slh efgyk Fkh tks vius ifr dks lkaRouk nsrh Fkh
o [kqn dh Hkkoukvksas dks fu;af=kr j[krh Fkh] dgha ,d x`g.kh Fkh tks Lokfn"V Hkkstu idkrh Fkh] fdlh esa ,d
Hkksyh] le>nkj yM+dh Fkh tks ghjks dks I;kj djrh Fkh] ;gka rd fd ,slh efgyk Hkh Fkh tks igys rks vPNh ukSdjh
djrh Fkh ij vc ghjks dh iRuh cudj jg xbZA bu lHkh efgykvksa esa lkekU; ckr ;g Fkh fd os dkedkth
efgyk ugha FkhaA lHkh cPpksa us ghjksbZuksa dh igpku dks ghjks ls tksM+k Fkk] tks fd lHkh crk;s x, fdjnkjksa esa muds
ifr FksA ghjksbZu Hkh ,d mPp ;k mPp&eè;e vkfFkZd Js.kh ls vkrh FkhA
cPpksa ls ;g Hkh iwNk x;k Fkk fd og /kkjkokfgd esa fdls ilan vkSj ukilan djrs gSA lHkh ds ilanhnk fdjnkj
T;knkrj iq#"k FksA buesa ls vk/ks cPpksa dks ,d efgyk fdjnkj Hkh csgn ilan Fkk] ijUrq blds lkFk mUgsa mudk
iq#"k lkFkh Hkh mruk gh ilan FkkA fdlh dks Hkh nks ls T;knk fdjnkj ilan ugha FksA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g lHkh
ilanhnk dykdkj /kkjkokfgdksa ds ghjks] ghjksbZu FksA bu fdjnkjksa dks ilan djus ds lHkh cPpksa ds vius vyx
dkj.k FksA ysfdu ;g lHkh dkj.k fdjnkjksa dh vPNkbZ ;k vPNk dke djus dh {kerk dh rjQ b'kkjk dj jgs
FksA tSls fd iq#"k fdjnkjksa dks ilan djus ds dqN dkj.k Fks mudk gkL;kLin gksuk] vius ifjokj ds fy, R;kx
djuk] ;gka rd fd mudk Lokfn"V Hkkstu ilan djukA efgyk fdjnkjksa dks ilan djus ds dkj.k Fks mudk 'kkar
LoHkko dk gksuk ;k lqanj diM+s iguukA ,d cPps us lh/ks&lh/ks ;g tokc fn;k fd mls ghjks&ghjksbZu blfy,
lcls T;knk ilan Fks D;ksafd og /kkjkokfgd ds eq[; dykdkj FksA cPpksa ds lcls T;knk ukilan fdjnkj Hkh
vf/kdrj iq#"k FksA bu fdjnkjksa dks /kkjkokfgd esa T;knkrj cqjs dke djrs gq, fn[kk;k x;k FkkA og ges'kk
ghjks&ghjksbZu ds f[kykQ pkyckth djrs Fks] yksxksa dks muds f[kykQ HkM+dkrs Fks vkSj ges'kk mUgsa ijs'kku djrs jgrs
FksA vkB cPpksa us iwjs /kkjkokfgd esa flQZ ,d gh fdjnkj dks ukilan fd;kA bu fdjnkjksa dks ukilan djus dk
eq[;r% ,d gh dkj.k fn;k fd ^^og cqjs gSa**A
;g loky Hkh fd;k x;k fd /kkjkokfgd esa lcls lqanj diM+s dkSu igurk gSA rhu cPpksa us fdlh dk Hkh uke
ugha fy;k vkSj dgk fd oks bl pht ij T;knk è;ku ugha nsrsA ckfd;ksa us ftl Hkh fdjnkj dk uke fy;k oks
muds [kqn ds fyax dk FkkA ;g lHkh fdjnkj Hkh /kkjkokfgd ds ghjks&ghjksbZu FksA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
20 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
tc cPpksa ls cksyk x;k fd le>k,a fd ml fnu ds /kkjkokfgd esa D;k&D;k cPpksa ls ;g Hkh iwNk x;k fd vxj
gqvk rks flQZ ,d cPps us dgkuh dks ckfjdh ls lquk;kA ckdh lHkh us dgkuh os dgkuh ds eq[; ik=k gksrs rks D;k
lqukus ds fy, dqN fgLls pqusA lHkh us dgkuh ds oks va'k pqus tks fd eq[;
ik=kksa ij vk/kfjr FksA /kkjkokfgd dk dksbZ Hkh ,slk n`'; ugha pquk x;k tgka
djrsA lHkh tokcksa esa ,d ckr lkekU;
ij ghjks&ghjksbZu 'kkjhfjd :i ls ekStwn ugha FksA cps gq;s n`';ksa esa ls Hkh flQZ Fkh fd os yksx ^^vPNk O;ogkj** djrs o
mUgha n`';ksa dks pquk x;k ftuesa dksbZ lkft'k jph xbZ Fkh ;k dksbZ fookn gqvk fdlh Hkh fookn dks gksus ls igys jksd
FkkA fdlh Hkh n`'; esa gqbZ ckrphr dks ckfjdh ls ugha crk;k x;kA /kkjkokfgd nsrsA
ds igys n`';ksa dk ftØ fdlh us Hkh ugha fd;kA lHkh us viuh [kqn dh Hkk"kk
dk mi;ksx fd;k] /kkjkokfgd esa cksys x, laoknksa dk ughaA eq[; fdjnkjksa dk uke mUgksaus oSls dk oSlk gh fy;k
ijUrq ckdh fdjnkjksa dks muds ghjks&ghjksbZu ls tks laca/k Fkk] ml uke ls lacksf/kr fd;kA tSls fd VhVw dh pkph]
juohj dh eka vkfn tcfd bu fdjnkjksa ds uke n`'; esa fy, x, FksA dqN cPpksa us n`';ksa esa ls dqN ,sls 'kCn pqus]
tks fd muds [kqn ds lanHkZ esa vke ugha FksA tSls dh dfcyk] ofygkn vkfnA ,d cPps us eqxy lezkV ds ckjs
esa viuh [kqn dh tkudkjh dks dgkuh lqukrs oDr bLrseky fd;k] tcfd og fgLlk /kkjkokfgd esa ugha n'kkZ;k
x;k FkkA
cPpksa ls ;g Hkh iwNk x;k fd vxj os dgkuh ds eq[; ik=k gksrs rks D;k djrsA lHkh tokcksa esa ,d ckr lkekU;
Fkh fd os yksx ^^vPNk O;ogkj** djrs o fdlh Hkh fookn dks gksus ls igys jksd nsrsA
bu lHkh ckrksa ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd cPps iwjs /kkjkokfgd esa lcls T;knk è;ku ghjks&ghjksbZu ij ns jgs FksA oks
D;k djrs gSa] D;k igurs gSa] dkSu lh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gS] ;g lc mUgsa irk FkkA muds ghjks&ghjksbZu
ges'kk lgh dke djrs Fks vkSj var eas lQy gks tkrs FksA mUgksaus ghjks&ghjksbZu dh igpku dks fyax lacaf/kr
:f<+oknh iSekuksa ij gh O;Dr fd;kA cPpksa us iwjh dgkuh ij ,d tSlk è;ku ugha fn;kA mUgksaus mu n`';ksa ij
T;knk è;ku fn;k tgka ij dksbZ lkft'k Fkh ;k dksbZ fookn gqvkA mUgksaus iwjh dgkuh dks uSfrd lgh vkSj xyr
ds <kaps ds Hkhrj jgrs gq, tkapkA
foKkiu ds nkSjku D;k gqvk
cPpksa ls ;g iwNk x;k Fkk fd /kkjkokfgd ds chp fdruh ckj vkSj dkSu ls foKkiu vkrs gSaA fdlh us Hkh bldk
lgh tokc ugha fn;kA ,d cPps us lh/ks cksyk fd mlus dHkh ;g fxurh ugha dhA fdlh dks Hkh lkr ls T;knk
foKkiuksa ds uke ;kn ugha FksA uke cksyrs oDr mUgksaus oLrq dk uke o czkaM nksuksa mi;ksx fd,A tSls fd dksyxsV]
vkbZfM;k] dVh ,sfM+;ksa okyk] dkj ikWfylh dk] phth ihtk jsxqyj lkbZt] vkfy;k HkV~V dk LdwVh okyk vkfnA
mUgksaus fdlh Hkh ,sls foKkiu dk uke ugha fy;k ftldk mudh ftanxh esa dksbZ lanHkZ ;k mi;ksx u gksA
fdlh Hkh vkSj xfrfof/k ls vf/kd] foKkiu lk/ku curs Fks /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh dh y; dks rksM+us dkA
blfy, cPps Hkh dgkuh ds vFkZ dk fuekZ.k fujarjrk (continuation) esa ugha dj ikrs FksA tSls gh foKkiu vkrk
Fkk cPps nwljs dk;ZØe ns[kus yx tkrs FksA vxj oks dk;ZØe ugha cnyrs Fks rks Vh-oh- dh èofu de dj nsrs FksA
LØhu ij iznf'kZr Vkbej mUgsa /kkjkokfgd dks okfil le; ij yxkus esa enn dj nsrk FkkA vxj foKkiu vU;
fdlh dk;ZØe ds ckjs esa gksrk Fkk rks mls iwjk ns[kdj gh nwljk dk;ZØe yxk;k tkrk FkkA mUgksaus foKkiu dk
le; ckgj vkus&tkus o vU; dk;Z djus ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx fd;kA
;g n'kkZrk gS fd /kkjkokfgd dks dHkh ,d y; esa ugha ns[kk x;kA u flQZ y; VwVrh Fkh] cfYd foKkiuksa ds
nkSjku è;ku nwljh txgksa ij Hkh dsafnzr gks tkrk FkkA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 21
 Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr Hkh cPps viuh cPps bl ckr dk p;u djrs Fks fd dkSu&lk dk;ZØe ns[kk tk,A foKkiuksa ij
mudk è;ku de FkkA
lkekftd Hkwfedkvksa esa ca/ks gq, gksrs gSaA
og izHkqRo dks Lohdkj djrs gS]a fyax O;ogkj Vh-oh- dgka vkSj dSls ns[kk tkrk gS&
djrs gSa ;gka rd fd ,d estcku dh lHkh cPpksa ds ?kjksa esa Vh-oh- cSM:e ;k cSBd esa j[kk gqvk FkkA dejksa esa dkQh
Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkrs gSaA lkeku Fkk rFkk T;knkrj [kkyh txg QuhZpj us ?ksj j[kh FkhA ftlls ?kweus
fQjus dh txg de cph FkhA tc Hkh dksbZ O;fDr dejs esa pgy&igy djrk
---/kkjkokfgd Vh-oh- esa vk jgh ,d vlR; Fkk rc oks T;knkrj Vh-oh- vkSj cPps ds chp esa vk tkrk FkkA vf/kdrj
okLrfodrk ugha jg tkrk] cfYd ?kj ifjokj Vh-oh- dksus esa fdlh VªkWyh ij j[kk gksrk FkkA mlds Åij <adus ds fy, ,d
ds ;FkkFkZ ds lkFk lrr :i esa 'kkfey gks diM+k gksrk Fkk tks Åij dh LØhu dk dqN fgLlk <ad nsrk FkkA dqN NksVh&eksVh
tkrk gSA ltkoV dh oLrq,a vkl&ikl ;k Vh-oh- ds Åij j[kh gksrh FkhaA bu lHkh phtksa
ij Vh-oh- ns[krs le; utj vklkuh ls tk ldrh FkhA Vh-oh- ges'kk jks'kuh esa
ns[kk tkrk Fkk] va/ksjs esa ughaA blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd cPps dh vka[k dks Vh-oh- LØhu ij è;ku dsafnzr djus
ds fy, vkl&ikl essa ekStwn lHkh utkjksa dh mis{kk djuh iM+rh FkhA Vh-oh- dh èofu ,d ,sls Lrj ij gksrh Fkh
fd dejs esa ekStwn vU; vkoktsa Hkh lquh tk ldsaA ,d /kkjkokfgd ds nkSjku èofu dks le;&le; ij de ;k
T;knk fd;k tkrk Fkk] [kkldj foKkiu ds nkSjku /ofu dks de gh j[kk tkrk FkkA vk/ks ?kaVs ds ,d dk;ZØe
esa Vh-oh- dh vkokt gh ,dek=k vkokt ugha gksrh FkhA O;fDr;ksa dh ckrphr] ckgj [kM+s dqÙks dk HkkSaduk] ghVj
dk 'kksj] jlksbZ esa crZuksa dk [kVduk] tsujsVj dh xM+xM+] lCthokys dh iqdkj] eksckbZy dh ?kaVh o ,slh dbZ vkSj
vkoktsa feydj dejs dk èofu okrkoj.k ifjHkkf"kr djrh FkhaA ;g okrkoj.k blfy, egRoiw.kZ Fkk D;ksafd cPps
dk dku bu lc èofu;ksa ds chp Vh-oh- dh vkokt ij è;ku dsafnzr dj jgk FkkA
cPps Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr vkjkenk;d diM+ksa esa gksrs FksA os lksQs ;k fcLrj ij vkYrh&ikYrh ekjdj cSBrs FksA
dHkh&dHkh dEcy Hkh vks<+ fy;k djrs FksA ,d /kkjkokfgd ds nkSjku mudh cSBus dh eqnzk yxkrkj cnyrh jgrh
FkhA ,d iy oks cSBs gksrs Fks rks nwljs gh iy oks ysV tkrs FksA muds cSBus dk LFkku Hkh cnyrk jgrk FkkA dqN
nsj ds fy, og lksQs ij gSa] rks dqN nsj ckn jlksbZ esa pys x,] okil vk, vkSj fcLrj ij cSB x,A tc og
Vh-oh- ns[k jgs gksrs Fks] rc og viuh utj LØhu ij ls ugha gVkrs FksA muds psgjs ds Hkko T;knk ugha cnyrs
Fks] cl dHkh&dHkh galh vk tkrh FkhA dHkh og [kqn ls gh ckrsa djrs FksA dHkh dksbZ O;fDr dejs esa pyrs&fQjrs]
Vh-oh- vkSj cPps ds chp esa vk tkrk FkkA cPpksa us Lohdkjk fd vxj Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr dksbZ vkSj lnL; viuh
gh okrkZyki esa eXu gks] rc Hkh mUgsa T;knk ijs'kkuh ugha gksrhA
bu lc xfrfof/;ksa ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd Vh-oh- dSls vkjkenk;d fLFkfr esa ns[kk tkrk gSA flQZ ekufld gh
ugha] ,d /kkjkokfgd ns[kus ds nkSjku 'kkjhfjd y; Hkh ,d leku ugha jgrhA Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr cPps vius 'kjhj
o efLr"d ij T;knk ncko ugha Mky jgs FksA
lekUrj (Parallel) xfrfof/k;ka
Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,dy xfrfof/k ugha FkhA Vh-oh- ns[kus ds lkFk&lkFk cPps nwljs dk;Z Hkh dj jgs FksA mUgksaus
crk;k fd og Vh-oh- ns[kus dk le; ?kj ds NksVs&NksVs dke [kRe djus esa Hkh bLrseky djrs FksA tSls fd
ekrk&firk dh enn djuk] viuk fcLrj rS;kj djuk] lCth dkVuk vkfnA T;knkrj cPpksa us dgk fd og ;g
le; vius vxys fnu ds fo|ky; dh rS;kjh djus ds fy, mi;ksx djrs gSaA tSls fd cSx yxkuk] MSªl j[kuk o
x`g dk;Z djukA mUgksaus crk;k fd og dHkh&dHkh /kkjkokfgd ns[krs le; [kkuk Hkh [kkrs FksA voyksdu ds
nkSjku Hkh ;g ik;k x;k fd Hkkstu [kkuk] lfCt;ka dkVuk] nw/k&pk; ihuk] eka dk [kkuk cukuk] phtksa dk
f'k{kk foe'kZ
22 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
ysu&nsu] Qksu ij ckr djuk] eksckbZy Qksu ij [ksyuk] ikuh ykuk] njokts dh
[kV[kV dk tokc nsuk vkfn ;g lHkh fØ;k,a Vh-oh- ns[kus ds lkFk&lkFk gks
Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slh izfØ;k Hkh
jgh FkhaA lkfcr gqbZ tgka fyax O;ogkj ds vuqlkj
Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZ xbZaA vxj Vh-oh- ij
blls ;g ckr fudy dj vkrh gS fd dSls Vh-oh- us cPpksa ds ?kjksa esa viuh ,d
/kkjkokfgd dk n`'; py jgk gS vkSj dqN
txg cuk yh gSA tSls ?kj ds vusd dke lkFk esa fd, tkrs gSa] oSls gh
/kkjkokfgd ns[krs le; Hkh vU; dke lkFk esa gks tkrs gSaA ,d loky ;g Hkh dk;Z vk x;k] rks ml dk;Z dks djus dkSu
mBrk gS fd D;k cPpksa dk efLr"d flQZ Vh-oh- ij fn[kkbZ ns jgs n`'; ij mBsxk\ T;knkrj csfV;kaA ekrk mUgsa funsZ'k
dsafnzr jgrk gS ;k og ,d lkFk gks jgh vusd xfrfof/k;ksa ds chp leUo; Hkh nsrh Fkh fd jlksbZ ls ikuh ;k [kkuk [kkus
cuk, j[krk gSA ds fy, ys vk,] tcfd csVk ogha ij cSBk
Vh-oh- ns[kuk% ,d ikfjokfjd xfrfof/k Vh-oh- ns[krk jgrk FkkA
Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ikfjokfjd xfrfof/k FkhA lHkh ifjokj okys lkFk esa feydj
/kkjkokfgd ns[krs FksA cPpksa ds eqrkfcd ekrk&firk dHkh lkFk gksrs Fks] dHkh ugha] ysfdu muds HkkbZ&cgu ges'kk
muds lkFk cSBdj Vh-oh- ns[krs FksA fdlh Hkh cPps us ,d iwjk /kkjkofgd fcuk fdlh ls ckrphr fd, ugha ns[kkA
ifjokj ds chp esa /kkjkokfgd o vU; eqíksa dks ysdj NksVs&eksVs laokn gksrs jgrs FksA tSls fd] ^^bruh LVªkax ckWMh
fdlh dh gksrh gS D;k\** vkSj HkkbZ dk ;g laokn& ^^;g lp D;ksa ugha cksyrh\**
vkSj cgu dk ;g laokn& ^^ugha crk,xhA**
lc feydj dqN n`';ksa ij galrs Fks rks dqN ij vQlksl tkfgj djrs FksA ,d n`'; esa tc lkl viuh cgw ij
fpYyk jgh Fkh rks lHkh us feydj galh mM+kbZA ;k tc ^cqjs* fdjnkj dk etkd cu jgk Fkk rc lc gals vkSj cksys]
^^csbTtrh dj nh**A /kkjkokfgd ns[kus ds nkSjku [kkuk Hkh [kk;k tkrk FkkA tSls fd ,d ckj firk us ,d ubZ
lCth idkbZ Fkh] vkSj lcls iwNk] ^^D;ksa! lgh gS uA crkvks D;k&D;k Mkyk gS\** cPps ekrk&firk ls T;knk vius
HkkbZ&cgu ls okrkZyki dj jgs FksA tSls fd eksckbZy ds vanj D;k gS] fpIl ds iSfdV ij vucu ;k foKkiu ds
nkSjku dkSu lk dk;ZØe ns[ksaA Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slh xfrfof/k ugha Fkh ftldh ppkZ cPps vius nksLrksa vkSj
lgikfB;ksa ds lkFk djrs FksA cPpksa dks ;g ekywe Hkh ugha Fkk fd muds dkSu&dkSu ls nksLr ogh /kkjkokfgd ns[krs
gSa tks oks [kqn ns[k jgs FksA mUgksaus ;g Hkh Lohdkjk fd og /kkjkokfgd ds ckjs esa nksLrksa ds lkFk ftØ ugha djrs
FksA vr% Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slk ekSdk Fkk tgka ifjokj] [kkldj HkkbZ&cgu lkFk feydj izfØ;k dk fgLlk curs
Fks] vius vuqHko lk>k djrs FksA /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh ds vFkZ dk fuekZ.k fey&tqy dj gks jgk FkkA ,d rjQ
/kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh ikfjokfjd ifjizs{; esa vkxs c<+rh Fkh rks nwljh rjQ cPps bl dgkuh dks [kqn ds ifjokj
ds lkFk le>rs FksA
Vh-oh- ns[kus ds nkSjku lkekftd var%fØ;k
Vh-oh- ns[kus ds nkSjku izHkqRo (authority) Hkh trk;k tkrk FkkA fjeksV dkSu laHkkysxk\ pSuy dkSu cnysxk\ dkSu
r; djsxk dh dc dkSu&lk dk;ZØe pysxk\ lHkh ?kjksa esa mez esa lcls cM+k O;fDr ;k dksbZ iq#"k gh fjeksV
laHkkyrk FkkA iwjs /kkjkokfgd ds nkSjku og fjeksV dks ;k rks vius gkFk esa j[krs Fks ;k fQj foKkiu ds nkSjku
gkFk esa fy;k djrs FksA ysfdu mudh mifLFkfr esa muds vykok fjeksV dk mi;ksx dksbZ vkSj ugha djrk FkkA vxj
firk ekStwn gSa rks fjeksV firk ds gkFk esa Fkk] cM+h cgu gS rks mlds gkFk esa Fkk] vxj eka] cgu vkSj c<+k HkkbZ
rhuksa lkFk gSa rks HkkbZ ds gkFk esas FkkA foKkiu ds nkSjku firk Vh-oh- ij lekpkj yxk ysrs Fks ;k HkkbZ@cgu vius
ilanhnk dk;ZØe yxk ysrs FkkA ,d ckj ,d n`'; ds nkSjku cPpk dgkuh dks lkFk esa cksyrk tk jgk Fkk] rks
mldh eka us mldks FkIiM+ ekjk vkSj pqi jgus ds fy, /kedk;kA Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slh izfØ;k Hkh lkfcr gqbZ
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 23
 tgka fyax O;ogkj ds vuqlkj Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZ xbZaA vxj Vh-oh- ij /kkjkokfgd dk n`'; py jgk gS vkSj dqN
dk;Z vk x;k] rks ml dk;Z dks djus dkSu mBsxk\ T;knkrj csfV;kaA ekrk mUgsa funsZ'k nsrh Fkh fd jlksbZ ls ikuh
;k [kkuk [kkus ds fy, ys vk,] tcfd csVk ogha ij cSBk Vh-oh- ns[krk jgrk FkkA ,d ?kj esa ukuh vkSj eka nksuksa
gh csVs dks [kwc ykM+ ns jgh Fkha rkfd oks [kkuk [kkys] tcfd og Vh-oh- ij è;ku dsafnzr dj jgk FkkA
lHkh cPpksa ds ifjokj esa 'kks/kdrkZ dh esgeku uokth dh Hkh dksf'k'k dh xbZ FkhA /kkjkokfgd py jgk Fkk ij
blh chp esa dHkh ekrk rks dHkh cPps us dqN [kkus ds fy, fn;kA 'kks/kdrkZ ls ckrphr Hkh dh] iz'u Hkh iwNsA
bu lHkh ckrksa ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr Hkh cPps viuh lkekftd Hkwfedkvksa esa ca/ks gq, gksrs
gSaA og izHkqRo dks Lohdkj djrs gSa] fyax O;ogkj djrs gSa ;gka rd fd ,d estcku dh Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkrs gSaA ;g
lHkh Hkwfedk,a oSls gh fuHkkbZ tk jgh Fkha tSls fd ikjaifjd rkSj ij ekStwn gSaA ,d vkSj xgjh ckr tks fudy dj
vkrh gS og ;g fd /kkjkokfgd dh cqfu;kn Hkh ;gh ikjaifjd lkekftd Hkwfedk,a gksrh gSaA ,sls esa /kkjkokfgd
Vh-oh- esa vk jgh ,d vlR; okLrfodrk ugha jg tkrk] cfYd ?kj ifjokj ds ;FkkFkZ ds lkFk lrr :i esa 'kkfey
gks tkrk gSA (Not discrete part of reality but becomes continuous with child's reality).
fu"d"kZ
Vh-oh- ij /kkjkokfgd ns[kuk ,d izfØ;k gSA bl izfØ;k esa lkekftd] 'kkjhfjd o ekufld var%fØ;k,a gksrh
gSaA lkekftd Lrj ij ns[ksa] rks Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slh fØ;k lkfcr gqbZ tgka ifjokj lkFk esa cSBrk gS vkSj
vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djrk gSA ckrphr] [kkuk] ?kj ds dke] izHkqRo ;g lHkh bl izfØ;k ds nkSjku ifjokj esa lk>k
gq,A ;g lHkh vuqHko ikfjokfjd rFkk fyax O;ogkj dh Hkwfedkvksa ds varxZr cqus x,A ,d eka Vh-oh- ns[krs oDr
Hkh eka Fkh vkSj ,d cPpk csVh ;k csVk FkkA 'kkjhfjd Lrj ij Vh-oh- vkSj cPpksa dh vka[k o dku ds chp
var%fØ;k gqbZA dejs esa ekStwn lHkh utkjksa vkSj èofu;ksa ds chp vka[k us Vh-oh- dh LØhu rFkk dku us mldh
vkokt ij è;ku dsafnzr fd;kA cPpksa us /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh dks dHkh ,d y; esa ugha] cfYd rksM+&rksM+ dj
ns[kkA bl dkj.k muds efLr"d us dgkuh ds dqN fgLls pqus ftl ij mUgksaus lcls T;knk è;ku fn;kA ;g lHkh
oks fgLls Fks ftuesa ghjks&ghjksbZu fdlh fookn ls tw> jgs FksA foKkiuksa ij T;knk è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA cPpksa us
vusd xfrfof/k;ksa tSls Hkkstu djuk vkSj fcLrj fcNkuk vkSj Vh-oh- ns[kus dh izfØ;k esa leUo; Hkh fcBk;kA
Vh-oh- us cPpksa ds ?kjksa esa ,d LFkkbZ txg cuk yh FkhA Vh-oh- ns[kus ds fy, cPps dksbZ fof'k"V rS;kjh ugha djrs
FksA Vh-oh- ns[kuk ,d ,slh izfØ;k cu xbZ Fkh ftlesa cPps nwljh dbZ fØ;k,a Hkh lkFk esa dj ysrs FksA Vh-oh- ftl
ikfjokfjd ifjizs{; esa ns[kk tk jgk Fkk mlds rgr /kkjkokfgd dh dgkuh ,d vlrr~ okLrfodrk ugha cfYd
cPpksa ds ;FkkFkZ dk lrr fgLlk cu xbZ FkhA u
ysf[kdk ifjp;% fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,M- djus ds ckn jhtuy fjlkslZ lsaVj QkWj ,fyesaVªh ,tqds'ku]
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lsaVj bapktZ ds in ij dk;Zjr gSa vkSj lkFk esa mPp f'k{kk ds fy, rS;kjh dj jgh gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
24 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
 vuqHko

,d Ldwy eSut
s j dh Mk;jh ds dqN iUus&XIX
vkidk 'kqfØ;k
Q+jkg Q+k:d+h

Mk ;jh ds iUus rks vHkh ckd+h gSa] ysfdu bl Üka`[kyk dks ;gha [k+Re dj jgh gwaA [k+Re djrs gq, ,d
vthc ls v/kwjsiu dk ,glkl gSA tSls] tks iUus ;k ys[k fy[ks x,] muesa dgha dqN NwV&lk x;k gks ;k
fQj ,d Q+ksVks dks fn[kkus ds nkSjku oks Q+ksVks gh dqN cny&lk x;k gksA dgkuh dh 'kq#vkr vkSj var
ds cgqr ls Nksj gks ldrs gSaA ge dgka ls dgka rd dh dgkuh c;ku dj jgs gSa bl ij cgqr dqN fuHkZj
djrk gSA tSls fiNys ys[k esa eSaus dksVZ dsl ds ckjs esa fy[kk gSA vxj ogh ys[k vkt ls pkj lky ckn
fy[kk tk,xk rks rLohj cny ldrh gSA [k+qnku[k+kLrk fcjknjh dks ubZ fcfYMax rkehj djkus esa vM+pus
Mkyuk eagxk Hkh lkfcr gks ldrk gSA ;kfu vkus okys dy ds okfd+;s&fd+Lls vkt fy[kh xbZ dgkuh
dks u;k jax ns ldrs gSaA ,d ekbZusa esa esjs ys[k vkt dk bfrgkl n'kkZrs gSaA dy dh djoVas vkSj eksM+
gesa etcwj dj ldrs gSa fd ge bUgsa ubZ jks'kuh esa ns[ksaA rc esjk ut+fj;k Hkh cny ldrk gSA
eSaus Mk;jh vius ut+fj;s ls t+:j fy[kh gS ysfdu blesa cgqr lh vkokts+ lesVus dh dksf'k'k dh gSaA
D;ksafd eq[k+rfyQ++ yksxksa vkSj cPpksa dh ckrsa mUgha dh t+cku esa nh xbZ gSa] blfy, ;g xaqtkbZ'k gS fd esjk
vkidk ut+fj;k vkSj fo'ys"k.k fdlh okfd+;s ds ckjs esa Q+dZ+ gksA gka] ;g dksf'k'k t+:j jgh gS fd viuh
ckr lqcwrksa ds cycwrs ij dg ikÅaA
tSlk fd vki tkurs gSa fd bl Mk;jh dh igyh fd+Lr ekpZ&vizSy] 2012 ds f'k{kk foe'kZ esa 'kk;k gqbZ
FkhA pkj lky ds bl yEcs lQ+j esa vkids vykok dbZ yksxksa dk lkFk vkSj enn jgh gSA bu vt+ht+ksa
dk 'kqfØ;k vnk djus ds lkFk&lkFk dqN eqís tks bl Mk;jh ds fy[kus ls tqM+s jgs mudh ckr djuk
pkgrh gwaA ;g ckr 'kq: esa gh dg nsuk pkgrh gwa fd Mk;jh fy[kuk Ldwyh ekgkSy] cPpksa vkSj cM+ksa dks
le>us esa cgqr ennxkj jgk gS vkSj ;g fj'rksa ds cnyus o Ldwy ds laHkyus dk t+fj;k cukA pkgs Ldwy
esa cnyko dh pky Hkys gh lqLr gks Mk;jh fy[kuk rcnhyh dk ,glkl nsrk jgk gS] ftlls fgEer
ca/kh jghA D;ksafd Ldwy esa dke dh ckjhfd;ksa dks eSa ns[k jgh Fkh vkSj ntZ Hkh dj jgh Fkh] blfy, Ldwyh
Q+Slyksa ds vlj dks d+jhc ls ns[k ikbZ vkSj vkxs ds fy, dqN lgh d+ne mBk ikbZA tSlk fd vkius i<+k
gh gS fd Ldwy esa ts.Mj desVh rks cu xbZ ysfdu desVh ds eSEcj [kqn yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk ukbUlkQ+h dj
jgs gSaA bl izfØ;k dks dqjsnus] le>us] fy[kus ij ckr dh ukSbZ;r le> esa vkbZ vkSj u, QS+lys ysus esa
enn feyhA dksf'k'k djds v/;kidksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, ts.Mj ij dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr djokbZ FkhaA
oSls rks lkFkh vkSj cPps lHkh lkFk Fks fQj Hkh ,d eSustj dh ft+Eesnkfj;ka vkSj vkSgnk vdsysiu dk
,glkl Hkh vdlj djokrk gSA ,sls esa vius dke vkSj rcnhyh dk vDl ns[kdj dHkh [k+q'kh gqbZ] dHkh
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 25
 vc tc eSa vius dke vkSj iky mldh d+etksj pky ij vQ+lksl] dHkh viuh dfe;ksa&[k+kfe;ksa dk ,glkl jgk]
cgjgky] viuk lk;k lkFk FkkA ;g Mk;jh Hkys gh Ldwy dh csgrjh vkSj esjh
fofyl ds dke dh rqyuk djrh gwa rks dke;kch dk t'u eukrh gqbZ u eglwl gqbZ gks ysfdu cPpksa dh fgEer] 'kks[k+h
tgka ,d rjQ+ muds dke dh bT+t+r vkSj gaxkeksa us ek;wlh ls nwj j[kk vkSj vka/kh esa 'kek dks tyk, j[kkA
nksckyk gks tkrh gS ogha muds jksekapd
Mk;jh fy[kus dh 'kq#vkr ls igys ;g le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ys[kksa dks
dke esa dbZ dfe;ka Hkh ut+j vkrh gSaA
D;k :Ik fn;k tk,A Mk;jh dh rjg fy[kus dk e'ojk izksQ+slj vfuy lsBh th
dk FkkA mudk dguk Fkk fd vkidh rQ+lhy vkSj 'kks/k bruk ckjhd gS fd
vki ^^F;ksjh** [kqn cqu ysaxh vkidks m/kkj ekaxh cSlkf[k;ksa dh t+:jr ugha gSA mudk dguk Fkk fd ekStwnk
fyVjspj ;k dke esa vkidk dke rcnhyh ykus dk dke dj ldrk gSA vkt tc eSa vius dke dks ubZ rjrhc
nsus dh dksf'k'k esa gaw rks muds e'ojs dk Q+k;nk T+;knk eglwl dj ik jgh gwaA eSaus vius ikapos&NBs ys[k esa cPpksa
ds lewgksa dh ckr dh gSA vc tc eSa vius dke vkSj iky fofyl ds dke dh rqyuk djrh gwa rks tgka ,d rjQ+
muds dke dh bT+t+r nksckyk gks tkrh gS ogha muds jksekapd dke esa dbZ dfe;ka Hkh ut+j vkrh gSaA og et+nwj
ifjokjksa ds cPpksa ds fiNM+us vkSj muds Ldwyh nLrwjksa&fjoktksa vkSj ikB~;Øe ds udkjus esa rkYyqd+ ns[krs&fn[kkrs
gSaA tcfd esjs dke esa cPPkksa ds fiNM+us vkSj mudh igyh lh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr LFkkfir gksus esa cgqr&lh
vkSj isphnfx;ka 'kkfey gSaA fofyl ds cPpksa dh rjg gekjs cPps vius iSjksa ij tku cw>dj dqYgkM+h ugha ekjrsA
vxj mUgsa bT+t+r ds ,glkl ds lkFk] Bhd rjg mudh ft+Unxh ls rkYyqd+ le>kdj i<+k;k tk, rks os i<+us ds
fy, rS;kj gSaA eSa dguk pkgrh gwa fd vius dke ds vkbZus ls F;ksjh ;k vkSjksa ds dke dks ns[kuk dgha T+;knk
Q+k;nsean jgk] ftlds fy, eSa vfuy ds fn, e'ojs dh d+nj djrh gwaA tc f'k{kk foe'kZ dh iUnzgoha o"kZxkaB ij
fnxUrj tkuk gqvk rks MkW- 'kkjnk tSu us esjs dke dks dkQ+h ljkgkA esjs ;g dgus ij fd eSa fQ+ygky F;ksjh ls
tksM+dj ugha fy[k ik jgh gwa mudk dguk Fkk fd bl dke dh ;gh [k+kfl;r gS ;kfu eSa fdlh vkSj dke esa u
cgdj vius gh dke dks yksxksa rd igqapk ik jgh gwaA oSls rks rQ+lhy bruh ?kuh bdëk gks pqdh gS fd gj Fkhe
ij pan ls ysdj nl ys[k rd fy[ks tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu iwjs Ldwy ds vyx&vyx igyqvksa dh >yfd;ka nsus ds
vius Q+k;nsa gSaA blls dqN gn rd Ldwy dh ,d eqdEey&lh rLohj mHkjrh gSA tc f'k{kk foe'kZ ds fy, fy[kuk
'kq: fd;k Fkk rc bruk ,glkl ugha Fkk fd fgUnqLrkuh tckuksa esa fy[kuk fdruk t+:jh gSA t;iqj] Hkksiky] mÙkj
izns'k oxSjk esa dkQ+h yksxksa ls eqykdkr gqbZ ftUgksaus esjs ys[kksa dks i<+k vkSj ljkgk FkkA tc Hkksiky tkuk gqvk rks
vt+he izseth Q+kmUMs'ku ds n¶+rj esa esjk f'kír ls bUrt+kj gks jgk Fkk vkSj yksxksa us csgn [kq'kh o ekSgCcr ls
esjk bLrd+cky fd;kA lkFk gh ;g crk;k fd esjs ys[k f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ds cgqr ls ipksZ esa 'kkfey fd,
x, gSaA [kq'kh bl ckr dh T+;knk gqbZ fd ;s t+ehuh eqíksa vkSj yksxksa ds lkFk dke djus okys Vhpj vkSj dk;ZdrkZ
FksA esjh Mk;jh ,sls gh reke yksxksa dks vfiZr gSA
esjs ;s ys[k vfuy ds lkFk yEch ckrphr] cgl] rdjkj dk urhtk gSaA mUgksaus gj ,d ys[k dks Nius ls igys
i<+k gSA ml ij gekjh yach ckrphr jgh gSA buesa ls dbZ ys[k ,sls gSa tks muds iSus lokyksa vkSj rad+hnh ut+j dh
otg ls fcydqy cny x, ;k u, fljs ls fy[ks x,A cgqr lksa dh ,d csgrj 'kDy vkids lekus vkbZA eSa viuh
t+cku esa viuh ckr dg ldwa bldh fgEer vfuy ls gh eq>s feyh gSA os vkt Hkh xaxk&teuh rgt+hc ds u'ks
esa pwj gSa vkSj esjh fgUnqLrkuh rgt+hc o t+cku esa Q+kjlh vkSj fgUnh ds feyu dks ljkgrs jgs gSaA bl pkj lky
ds lQ+j esa eSaus nksLr dh 'kDy esa mu tSlk mLrkn ik;k ftlds fy, mudk flQZ+ 'kqfØ;k dg nsuk ukdkQ+h gSA
eSa fo'oaHkj th dk rgs fny ls 'kqfØ;k vnk djuk pkgrh gwaA D;k dgwa cl mUgha dk ne Fkk fd ;s mUuhl ys[k
eq>ls fy[kok ik,A dHkh rks f'kdk;r dh] ^lc ys[k vk pqds gSa] cl vkids ys[k dk bart+kj gS] dHkh 'kfeZank
fd;k vkSj dHkh ljkgk HkhA b+Crnk ls gh esjk bljkj jgk fd eSa viuh t+cku esa gh fy[kawxh vkSj reke uqDrs Hkh

f'k{kk foe'kZ
26 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
yxkuk pkgwaxhA fo'oaHkj th us dgus dh dksf'k'k rks dh] fd f'k{kk foe'kZ esa eSaus Mk;jh vius ut+fj;s ls t+:j
os pan gh uqDrksa dk bLrseky djrs gSaA fQj Hkh mUgksaus esjh ckr ij x+kSj fd;k fy[kh gS ysfdu blesa cgqr lh vkokts+
vkSj Hkk"kk ds {ks=k esa dke djus okys dqN yksxksa ls ckr djus ds ckn eq>s
lesVus dh dksf'k'k dh gSAa D;ksfa d eq[k+rfyQ++
bt+kt+r nh fd eSa viuh ckr viuh t+cku esa j[k ldwaA bl lQ+j esa ,d
laiknd ds rkSj ij mudh iSuh ut+j us csgrj fy[k ikus ij mdlk;kA eSa
yksxksa vkSj cPpksa dh ckrsa mUgha dh t+cku
mudk vkSj mudh Vhe dk] [k+kl rkSj ls [;kyhjke th dk 'kqfØ;k vnk esa nh xbZ gSa] blfy, ;g xaqtkbZ'k gS fd
djuk pkgrh gwaA esjk vkidk ut+fj;k vkSj fo'ys"k.k fdlh
okfd+;s ds ckjs esa Q+dZ+ gksA
MkWDVj lh- ,u- lqczeá.;e esjs ys[kksa ds ikBd jgs gSa vkSj lkFk gh dbZ eqQ+hn
jk;&e'ojs fn, gSa] ftlds fy, eSa mudh cgqr 'kqØxqt+kj gwaA buds vykok dbZ nksLr yxkrkj viuh rkjhQ+ ls
fgEer vQ+t+kbZ djrs jgs gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa& euh"k tSu] xqthZr dkSj] izseiky 'kekZ] vuoj tkQ+jh] ;ksxsUnz nÙk
ox+SjkA eq> ukpht+ ds bYe dks bYe d+jkj nsdj tks esjh bT+t+r vQ+t+kbZ dh mlds fy, eSa bu yksxksa dh 'kqØxqt+kj
jgwaxhA bl dkjksckjh nqfu;k esa tgka bYe dh d+her #rcs] t+cku] 'kÅj vkSj u tkus fdu&fdu pht+ksa ls tqM+h gSa
ogka esjh Mk;jh ds bu ljkgus okyksa dh eSa cgqr 'kqØxqt+kj gwaA
Eksjh vt+ht+ nksLr vt+jk jT+t+kd us eq>s Ldwy ds lkFk dke djus dk ekSd+k Q+jkge djok;k] ftlds fy, eSa mudk
'kqfØ;k vnk djuk pkgrh gwaA eSaus bl nkSjku muds csykSl tt+sc ls cgqr dqN lh[kk gSA
eSaustj gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Ldwy esa yxkrkj voyksdu djus] fofHkUu yksxksa ls ckrphr djus vkSj vius ys[kksa esa
fj'rksa vkSj cnyko dks mtkxj djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhA ;s rks vkidks esjs ys[kksa ls c[k+wch vankt+k gks x;k
gksxk fd eSaus vius jksy dh vius fglkc ls rtqZekuh dh FkhA blesa 'kkfey jgk Fkk& cPpksa dks dqN fnu i<+kuk]
muds ?kj ekSgYyksa dk nkSjk] Ldwy ds ,Suoy&Ms ¼lkykuk tyls½ esa Mªkesa dh izSfDVl djokuk] lwpuk ds vf/kdkj
ds rgr vk, [k+rksa dk tokc nsuk] cPpksa dh eSaVj dk jksy] Vhpj gt+jkr ls vkSipkfjd&vukSipkfjd ckrphr]
okynSu vkSj fcjknjh ds yksxksa ls feyuk&feykuk vkSj blh rjg ds vusdksa dkeA eSaus vius #rcs vkSj gSfl;r ¼tks
le>h&Hkkaih tkrh Fkh½ ds p'es ls fj'rksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj mldh >yd ys[kksa esa Hkh fn[kkbZA esjh
;g dksf'k'k t+:j jgh fd gekjs chp cjkcjh dk ,glkl jgs ysfdu ;g nkok fcydqy ugha dj ldrh fd ,slk
eqefdu Hkh gks ik;kA dbZ ckj pht+ksa dks] gkykr dks vkSj cPpksa&cM+ksa dh jk; dks le>us ds fy, ;g t+:jh gks
tkrk Fkk fd eSa muls lk{kkRdkj d:a vkSj cgqr ls lokyksa ds t+fj;s muds [k+;kykr tku ikÅaA ysfdu esjk vkSgnk
vkSj fj'rs eq>s bldh btkt+r ugha nsrs FksA
bl flyflys esa dqN lkfFk;ksa vkSj nksLrksa dk Ldwy esa vkuk dkQ+h ennxkj jgkA ySLys ;wfuolZVh] vejhdk dh
ehuk{kh NkcM+k us fiNys rhu lky esa dbZ eghus Ldwy esa cPPkksa vkSj v/;kidksa ds lkFk dke fd;kA mUgha ds lkFk
eSaus Hkh dbZ eqíksa vkSj pht+ksa ij cPpksa&cM+ksa ls ckrphr dhA muls cgqr dqN u;k lh[kus dks Hkh feykA ehuk{kh
vkSj vfuy ds tqM+us ls ge Ldwy esa bfrgkl Dyc dh 'kq#vkr dj ik, ftlds ckjs esa eSaus vius ,d ys[k esa fy[kk
Hkh gSA bu tSls esgekuksa ds vkus ls Ldwy dh vkcks gok esa Q+d+Z iM+k] ubZ lksp vkSj [k+;kykr dk vknku iznku
gqvkA lkFk gh gesa ;kfu Ldwy ds ft+Eesnkj yksxksa dks viuh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dk ,glkl jgkA ehuk{kh ds vykok]
bl nkSjku dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa us esjs lkFk bUVuZf'ki dhA buds flyflysokj dke ds t+fj;s Hkh eSa Ldwy dks csgrj rkSj
ij tku ikbZA buesa 'kkfey gSa VkVk bULVhV~;wV vkWQ+ lks'ky lkbalst+ ds eqjkjh >k vkSj vthe izseth ;wfuolZVh
ds vk;w'kh Hkê] vaf'k[kk vkSj eksgEen tykyqíhuA tkfe;k fefYy;k dh dfork vkSj euh"kk bDdk us Hkh esjs fy,
rQ+lhy tek dh ftlds fy, eSa bu lHkh dk 'kqfØ;k vnk djuk pkgrh gwaA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 27
 Ldwy ds lkFk bl lQ+j us eq>s esgur djds phts+a&gkykr cny Mkyus dh lqyxrh [+okfg'k ds lkFk vkSjksa ds
ut+fj;ksa ds fy, Bgjuk] mUgsa txg nsuk vkSj lcz ds lkFk dke djus dh vPNh rkyhe nhA ;g le>us dk ekSd+k
Hkh fn;k fd ge lc vius lekthdj.k] gkykr vkSj ekSd+ksa dk urhtk gSaA irk ugha lk/kuk D;k gksrh gS& ysfdu
Ldwy dks le>uk] bl rjg fy[kus dh dksf'k'k djuk fd ^^vkSjksa** ij mBus ls igys maxyh [k+qn ij mB ik, rkfd
dgha dqN csgrjh dk t+fj;k cu ikÅa esjh viuh lh canxh FkhA eq>s yxrk gS fd tgka u, lokyksa us esjs fy,
ft+Unxh vkSj mYk>k nh ogha [k+qn viuh ut+j esa eSa dqN ekbuksa esa ,d csgrj balku cu ikbZA bldk lcd+ eSaus
Ldwy ds cPPkksa] mLrkn] LVkQ]+ fizafliy lkgc vkSj okbZl fizafliy ls lh[kk gSA Ldwy vkSj viuh ft+Unxh esa txg
nsus ds fy, eSa ges'kk mu lcdh ,glkuean jgwaxhA bl nkSM+ ;k jsl ds t+ekus esa Ldwy us eq>s vkxs nkSM+ ds vdsyk
gks tkus dh ctk; d+ne feykus dh dksf'k'k djuh fl[kkbZ gSA
lp ekfu, vxj izksQ+slj cu ikus dh dksbZ [kq+'kh gqbZ gS rks cl bruh gS fd esjh vEeh dks yxrk gS fd mudh
esgur jax ykbZA ojuk rks ;g yscy&rexs+ cks> gh gSaA ysfdu esjh vEeh tks [kqn dkWyst esa i<+k pqdh gSa vkSgnksa
ls ijs gVdj dke dh vgfe;r vkSj ukSb;r dks ns[k ikrh gSaA mUgksaus buesa ls dbZ ys[k lqus gSa vkSj rkjhQ+ dh
gSA esjh fcfV;k ,Suh dh ckjhd ut+j us tks dbZ ckj eq>s gh gSjku dj nsrh gS] bu ys[kksa esa ckjhfd;ka ns[kha gSaA
,Suh tks esjh lcls I;kjh nksLr Hkh gS bl Ük`a[kyk dh lcls cM+h iz'klad jgh gS vkSj eq>s fgEer nsrh jgh gSA fy[kus
ds nkSjku tks vge pht+ xqt+jh] og Fkh fd esjs csVs get+k us foKku ls ¼vkSj vius okfyn ls½ cx+kor dj nhA
Ldwy esa foKku ds rkfyc ;s vktdy fycjy vkVZ~l ds ets+ ywV jgs gSa vkSj [kq+'k gSaA vc dgha rks esjh Mk;jh
cM+s cnyko yk ikbZA Ldwy esa ugha rks esjs ?kj esa gh lghA VkbZi djrs le;] reke iUus tks vkius i<+s buesa lgh
uqDrs yxkus dk Js; nhipUn th dks tkrk gSA vc rks ry¶+Qqt+ lqudj gh lgh txg uqDrk yxk ysrs gSaA
vc vki lcls fj'rk cuk gS rks eqykd+kr Hkh jgsxhA ckd+h iUus Hkh dHkh u dHkh fy[kwaxhA dksf'k'k gS fd vius
Ldwy ls vc u, jksy esa tqMawA vktdy eSustj rks ugha gaw ysfdu bldh eSusftax desVh esa gwa bl lky tqykbZ ls
pkgrh gaw fd fdlh ,d d{kk esa yxkrkj i<+k ikÅaA gks ldrk gS ubZ Mk;jh dh 'kq#vkr gksA
'kqfØ;k! vknkc! u

ysf[kdk ifjp;% fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds ysMh Jhjke dkWyst esa ch,y,M dkslZ ls tqM+h jgh gSaA vktdy tkfe;k
fefy;k bLykfe;k ds f'k{kk foHkkx esa izksQslj gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
28 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
 lanHkZ

f'k{kk dks ysdj dqN fopkj

fjpk pkSgku] t;k feJk ,oa fØLVksQj [kkY[kks

gekjh f'k{kk esa ml gkFk ds dke dh D;k gSfl;r gS ftls xka/kh us

viuh f'k{kk dh ifjdYiuk dh /kqjh cuk;k Fkk\ iz'uksÙkjh o ijh{kk fdl
izdkj Kku l`tu esa ck/kk curh gSa vkSj dSls og Kku l`tu esa Nk=kksa dh
Hkkxhnkjh dks udkj nsrh gSA f'k{kk esa laokn ds ek;us D;k gSa\ laokn djus
dh ewyHkwr 'krsZa nk'kZfud cwcj D;k ekurs gSa\ ,sls lokyksa ij fopkj djrh
;s fVIif.k;ka buds ys[kdksa ds f'k{kd cuus ds nkSjku ds vuqHkoksa
ls mith gS vkSj cgqr lkjxfHkZr gSA

gkFk ds dke dh f'k{kk esa txg1

xka/kh th dk dyk&dsfUnzr f'k{kk fl)kar gkFk ds dke dks lkjh f'k{kk dk vk/kkj ekurk gSA dke ds
iz;ksx ls xka/khth us lekt esa cls tkfrokn ,oa oxhZdj.k dks nwj djuk pkgk rFkk gj O;fDr dks vkfFkZd
:i ls ,oa Kku&fuekZ.k ds {ks=k esas vkRefuHkZj cukuk pkgkA ijUrq D;k os vius mís'; esa lQy jgs\
vkb,] dqN mnkgj.kksa }kjk ns[ksa fd gkFk ds dke dh vkt dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k txg gSA
esjh f'k{kk if'peh fnYyh ds ,d :f<+oknh fe'kujh fo|ky; esa gqbZ gS] tgka dke dks ikB~;Øe dk cgqr
NksVk fgLlk ekuk tkrk FkkA dke dk egRo dsoy ^odZ ,Dlihfj;al* ,oa ^gkse lkbal* ds fo"k;ksa rd
lhfer FkkA bu fo"k;ksa dk dqN ncko rks Fkk] ijUrq og lkjk ncko gekjh ekStwnk f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa u
ds cjkcj gks tkrk FkkA ^odZ ,Dlihfj;al* esa lHkh Nk=kksa dks g¶rs esa ,d ckj >kM+w yxkus] d{kk lkQ
djus ,oa iqLrdky; esa fdrkcsa lfj;kus dk ekSdk fn;k tkrk FkkA ;g dke gj g¶rs cnyrs Fks] rkfd
gj g¶rs gj fo|kFkhZ dks dksbZ nwljk dke fey ldsA bu dkeksa ds fy, gesa dksbZ vad ugha fn, tkrs FksA
dsoy gekjh mifLFkfr ns[kh tkrh Fkh] ftls nks Nk=k gj g¶rs ckjh&ckjh fy;k djrs FksA ,d fnu blh
izdkj tc eSa ckgj >kM+w yxkus ds dke esa eXu Fkk] mifLFkfr yxkus okyk ,d Nk=k eq>ls vkdj cksyk&
^okg! bruh esgur ds fy, rks rqEgsa nks mifLFkfr feyuh pkfg,A* esjs fglkc ls bl rkus esa ;gh dguk
Nqik Fkk fd tc gesa dksbZ vad ugha feyus okys] rks bruh esgur djds D;k Qk;nk\ bldk eryc ykHk
ls fHkUu dke dk vius&vkiesa dksbZ ewY; ugha Fkk( dke flQZ ykHk ds fy, djuk pkfg,A
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 29
 blh izdkj ,d fnu ,d Nk=kk us xans cjru lkQ djus ls badkj dj fn;kA yM+dh mPp&e/;e oxhZ; ifjokj dh
Fkh( dgrh Fkh vius thou esa dHkh cjru lkQ ugha fd,] u vkt 'kq: djus okyh gSA ;g mnkgj.k lkQ n'kkZrsa
gSa fd fdl izdkj dke flQZ izrhdokn ds mnkgj.k cu dj jg x, gSaA mudh vius&vkiesa dksbZ xfjek ughaA
vadksa ,oa Vhpj dh iz'kalk ds vfrfjDr dke dk dksbZ egRo ughaA bu nksuksa ykHkksa ds vykok dke dh nqxZfr dk
,d dkj.k mls ^dks&dfjdqye* dk uke fn;k tkuk Hkh gks ldrk gSA ^dks&dfjdqye* dgrs gh ge dke dks eq[;
/kkjk fo"k;ksa ls vyx dj mlds egRo dks [kRe dj nsrs gSa( ;g foPNsn dke dks cgqr Hkkjh iM+rk gSA
tcfd xka/khth us bu fl)karksa ds }kjk d{kk esa cls tkfrokn] oxZHksn] {ks=kokn ,oa /keZ&vk/kkfjr HksnHkko dks
[kRe djuk pkgk FkkA ijUrq ;g rc rd ugha gks ldrk tc rd vkewypwy cnyko ugha vkrkA ;kuh f'k{kk
iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ek=k ls dke ugha pysxk] cfYd gekjh iwjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa cnyko dh t:jr gksxhA tc rd
;g ugha gksrk] gekjs Nk=k d{kk esa vuqHko ds fy, ugha oju <ksaxh ykHkksa ds fy, dke djrs jgsaxs rFkk tkfrokn
,oa LpsPNkpkjh oxZHksn dk izfriknu djrs jgsaxsA
ijh{kk vk/kkfjr f'k{kk i)fr cuke Kku l`tu2
vktdy Ldwyksa rFkk 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa iz'uksÙkjh dk cM+k izpyu ns[kus dks feyrk gSA iz'uksÙkjh dh laLÑfr
us [kqn dks ;wa LFkkfir dj fy;k gS fd T;knkrj f'k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Kku dk vkdyu blh iz.kkyh ds vk/kkj
ij djrs gSaA eSaus Lo;a vius Ldwyh vuqHkoksa esa ns[kk gS fd dSls f'k{kd fu;fer :i ls d{kkvksa esa iz'uksÙkjh ds
ek/;e ls bfErgku ysrs gSaA ;g 'kSyh u dsoy fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rF;ksa dks jVus o ;kn djus dks foo'k dj nsrh gS
cfYd fo"k;ksa ls ijs tkdj vius vuqHkoksa dks 'kkfey djus ls Hkh jksdrh gSA
Kku dk lgh vuqxeu gks lds blds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd Kku D;k gS bldh mfpr le> gksA D;k fdrkcksa
esa fn, ;k f'k{kd ds crk, 'kCn Kku gS\ njvly ;s tkudkjh ek=k gSaA Kku dk fuekZ.k rc gksrk gS tc fdrkcksa
esa fn, fopkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k vius vuqHkoksa }kjk fd;k tk,A tc gekjs vuqHko gh brus fofo/k gSa rks Kku esa
,d:irk dSls gks ldrh gS\ Kku ewyr% ^vFkZ&fuekZ.k* djus dh ,d izfØ;k gS ftlds tfj, fo|kFkhZ Lo;a cM+h
gh lfØ;rk ls viuh xfrfof/k;ksa ds vk/kkj ij viuh le> cukrs gSaA f'k{kk ds izØe dh igyh in/ofu gS fd
Kku l`tukRed gS rFkk ge gj ,d {k.k vius Hkhrjh rFkk ckgjh ifjos'k ds lkFk ,d rjg dh eqBHksM+ esa gksrs
gSaA vxj bl lw=k dh xkaB cka/k yh tk, rks eq>s yxrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Kku izkfIr dk vkadyu iz'uksÙkjh]
ijh{kkvksa rFkk ,slh izfr;ksfxrkvksa ls ugha fd;k tk ldrk tks Kku dks iwoZfu/kkZfjr l[r oxksZa esa ckaVrh gksA vxj
ge Kku dh izÑfr dks ewyr% ^fufeZr* le>rs gSa rks ge ,slh i)fr;ksa tks vadksa dk vkoaVu mÙkjksa dh lVhdrk
o lekurk ds vk/kkj ij djrh gSa mUgsa u dsoy O;FkZ dgsaxs cfYd fo|kFkhZ ds ekufld rFkk O;fDrRo ds fodkl
ds fy, [krjukd Hkh le>saxsA fo|kFkhZ Lo;a vius Kku dh lajpuk djs blds fy, f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa mudh
xyfr;ksa rFkk vius vuqHkoksa }kjk Bksl phtksa dks cnyus dh bPNk dh txg gksuh t:jh gS& ,slk ,u-lh-,Q 2005
esa dgk x;k gSA
iz'uksÙkjh ds tfj;s ,d leku tokcksa rd igqapus dh mEehn esa f'k{kd ;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa }kjk fo|kFkhZ dks
,d ,slh e'khu esa rcnhy dj fn;k tkrk gS ftldk ewy mís'; ikB~;iqLrdksa esa mn~/k`r o f'k{kd }kjk cksys x,
dFkuksa dks ijh{kk esa nksgjkuk Hkj jg tkrk gSA tkWu gksYV bl fo"k; esa dgrs gSa fd ,slh i)fr;ka u flQZ
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrxr o O;fDrijd vuqHkoksa dks nckdj mUgsa HksM+:ih f'k{kd ds ihNs ^HksM+pky* pyus ij etcwj
dj nsrh gSa cfYd mudh mRlqdrk o fofo/k vkoktksa vkSj le> dh Hkh cfy p<+k f'k{kk dks ,d fu'py uhjl
izfØ;k cuk nsrh gSA
fu%lansg gh ,sls f'k{kd tks bu i)fr;ksa dk lgkjk ysrs gSa] os Kku o f'k{kk vtZu dh ,d foÑr ifjHkk"kk esa
fo'okl j[krs gSaA ,slh f'k{kk O;oLFkk u flQZ fuekZ.kokn ds n`f"Vdks.k ls iqjkuh gks pqdh gS cfYd ;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa
f'k{kk foe'kZ
30 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
ds lkeus ,d ,slh Hk;kog :ijs[kk izLrqr djrh gS tgka muds ;ksxnku dks dksbZ ekU;rk ugha gksrhA ,sls esa f'k{kk
lqnwjorhZ vuqHko vkSj fo|kFkhZ bl dBksj iz.kkyh dk f'kdkj cudj jg tkrs gSaA IysVks us f'k{kd dks ,d
iFk&izn'kZd o vkRek dks fn'kk fn[kkus okys ,sls pfj=k ds :i esa ns[kk Fkk tks fo|kFkhZ ds eu dks va/kdkj ls Kku
ds mtkys dh vksj eksM+rk gSA vkRek dh lfØ;rk ds fy, vko';d gS fo|kFkhZ dk Lo;a fØ;k'khy jguk fdUrq
dBksj f'k{kk iz.kkyh blesa ck/kk curh gSA izfrLi/kkZ] Mj o vadksa ds ihNs dh nkSM+ dks c<+kok nsus ds lkFk gh ,slh
iz.kkyh fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vleFkZrk dk ,slk cks/k txkus yxrh gS tgka os vius okLrfod thoUr vuqHkoksa dks Ldwy
dh nqfu;k ds lkFk tksM+dj ugha ns[k ikrsA
Kku gkfly djus esa ennxkj ds rkSj ij f'k{kd ,d cgqr vge dM+h gSA ;g f'k{kd ij fuHkZj gS fd mlds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk fodkl fdl izdkj gksA ,d le>nkj v/;kid ges'kk vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vuqHkoksa ,oa mudh
le> dks c<+kok nsxkA f'k{kk ds nk;js rHkh c<+ ik,axs tc fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk Kku ds l`tu dks igpkuk o ljkgk
tk,xkA
f'k{kk esa laokn3
ekfVZu cwcj ¼1878&1965½ nk'kZfud vankt esa ;g O;Dr djrs gsa fd euq"; dk thou mlds jpf;rk o HkkSfrd
lalkj ds lkFk lekxe ds cxSj vFkZghu gSA blh fopkj/kkjk dks vkxs c<+krs gq, os f'k{kd&fo|kFkhZ ds laca/k esa
vkReh;rk gksus dh ckr dgrs gSa( ftlds fy, mUgksaus nksuksa ds chp ijLij laokn ij tksj Mkyk gSA
ikjaifjd f'k{kk i)fr fo|kFkhZ dks fuf"Ø; ekurh gSA ,sls esa ,d f'k{kd dk dk;Z dsoy lwpuk o le>nkjh dks
^Åij ls Mkyuk* gksrk gSA vr% f'k{kd dks ;gka ^dqIih* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA blds foijhr ^ubZ* f'k{kk iz.kkyh
dk ekuuk gS fd fo|kFkhZ iw.kZ :i ls lfØ; gksrk gSA
^iqjkuh* f'k{kk ftlesa f'k{kd dh rqyuk dqIih ls dh xbZ gS o vf/kd fjvk;rh ^ubZ* f'k{kk tks fo|kFkhZ dks iw.kZ
lfØ; ekurh gS( cwcj bu nksuksa n`f"Vdks.kksa dh vkykspuk djrs gSaA os ^lekxe* ds fl)kar dh ckr djrs gSa
ftldk vFkZ gS fd lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfØ;k esa ijLijrk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA de ls de f'k{kd dh vksj ls ;g
visf{kr gh gS vkSj oks Hkh mlds Lo dks ckf/kr fd, fcukA njvly bu fopkjksa dk vk'k; ,d f'k{kd dh
Hkwfedk ls gS ftl ij eSa vc vkxs ppkZ d:axhA
cwcj f'k{kk esa laokn dh nks cqfu;knh 'krsZa crkrs gSa& Lok;Ùk Hkkxhnkj vkSj LosPNk ls bl laca/k esa izos'kA igyh
'krZ f'k{kd ls ;s ekax djrh gS fd og f'k{kd&f'k"; laca/k esa Hkjksls o rdZlaxrrk dh ljkguk djsA D;ksafd og
f'k{kd gh gS tks Lo;a o f'k"; nksuksa dh okLrfodrk dks tkuus esa l{ke gSA ,d f'k{kd dh ftEesnkjh gS fd ml
Kku dk ewY; le>s tks mlus viuh lkekftd ,oa lkaLÑfrd i`"BHkwfe esa vftZr fd;k gSA cwcj fo|kFkhZ dh fcuk
'krZ LohÑfr ds f[kykQ vkxkg djrs gSa ij lkFk gh lkFk mldh Nqih {kerk dks le>us o mldk leFkZu djus
ds fy, Hkh izsfjr djrs gSaA
nwljh 'krZ& LosPNk o eqDr p;u dk fl)karA f'k{kd ds er&izpkjd o lÙkkoknh LoHkko dh vkykspuk gS vkSj
;gh ugha] muds fglkc ls ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk esa fo|kFkhZ dh jk; dk 'kkfey u gksuk blh rkuk'kkgh izfØ;k
dk fgLlk gSA ,sls ifjn`'; esa] f'k{kk esa laokn dk laiw.kZ mís'; gh ijkftr gks tkrk gSA ;gka fQj ls f'k{kdksa dh
ftEesnkjh curh gS fd os vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djsaA
,d vkSj fu"d"kZ tks cwcj ds fopkjksa ls fudyrk gS og ;g gS fd f'k{k.k izfØ;k esa v/;kid dk ^gksuk*A os ,d
vFkZiw.kZ laokn ds fy, visf{kd okrkoj.k dh ckr djrs gSaA f'k{kd dk ^gksuk* vFkkZr mlds vkpj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds fy, Lo;a ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr djsaA bl rjg dbZ ckj f'k{kd&fo|kFkhZ ds chp laokn fcuk fdlh ckrphr ds
Hkh laHko gSA blds fy, t:jh gks tkrk gS fd f'k{kd Lo;a ,d felky is'k djds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu djsA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 31
 ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS fd f'k{kd&fo|kFkhZ dk laca/k Lora=k 'kf[l;rksa ds :i esa gksA dyeu ;jksu us vius cwcj
ij fy[ks fuca/k esa v/;kiu dh dyk dk o.kZu 'kSf{kd lhekvksa ds yphysiu ds rkSj ij O;Dr fd;k gSA os rdZ
nsrs gSa fd& ^de ls de nwjh vuq'kklu ds fy, o vf/kdre vkReh;rk laokn dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,* lPph f'k{kk
ds lanHkZ esa cgqr vge gSA
esjs vuqlkj cwcj ds fopkjksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fu"d"kZ ;g Hkh gS fd mUgksaus ,d f'k{kd dks ^NUuh* ls ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k gSA vyx&vyx le:i 'kCnksa tSls& Nyuh@NUuh] ^p;u* djus okyk& ds tfj, os f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk dks
Li"V djrs gSaA ftl izdkj Nyuh mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dks NkaVdj vyx dj nsrh gS oSls gh f'k{kd dk dk;Z gS fd
oks f'k";ksa dh {kerkvksa dks lgh fn'kk ns o muesa ls mfpr dks NkaVdj mHkkjsA rc tkdj ,d fo|kFkhZ viuh laiw.kZ
{kerk dks igpkusxk o mldk lgh iz;ksx djsxkA ,sls esa laokn f'k{k.k dh ,d mi;qDr i)fr ds :i esa lkeus
vkrk gSA og f'k{kd tks fo|kFkhZ ds lkFk leUo; LFkkfir djrk gS] og mldh jpukRed ÅtkZ dk lao/kZu djus
esa lQy gksrk gSA
ge ;s fopkj le>us ds fy, bldh lekurk vfHklkjh ysal (Converging lens) ls Hkh dj ldrs gSaA izdk'k dh
fdj.ksa bl ysal ls xqtj dj ftl rjg ,d fu;af=kr fn'kk dh vksj dsafnzr gksrh gSa] mlh izdkj f'k{kd laokn ds
tfj, fo|kFkhZ dh lgt izo`fÙk dks ykHkdkjh fn'kk esa izokfgr dj ldrs gSaA
;g tkuus esa laokn cgqr vljnkj lkfcr gksrk gS fd fo|kFkhZ D;k lksprk gS] mldh {kerk D;k gS o og fdl
lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd i`"BHkwfe ls vkrk gS ¼D;ksafd Kku l`tu esa ;g fo'ks"k Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSa½ lkFk gh og mls
lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfØ;k dk ,d lfØ; fgLlk cuus esa izHkkoh <ax ls enn djrk gSA
cwcj ds vuqlkj ^ubZ* f'k{kk iz.kkyh tks fd ^vktknh* ds fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS& og Hkh vykspuk fd, tkus
yk;d gSA D;ksafd os ekurs gSa fd ^ck/;rk* dk foijhr ^lekxe* gksrk gS uk fd vktknhA bldk vFkZ gS fd f'k{kd
dks ^dsoy vius fy, lkspus okyh vktknh* ls fo|kFkhZ dks cpkuk gSA vktknh rks ek/;e ek=k gS] y{; ughaA ;g
ckr fQj ls cwcj }kjk nh xbZ f'k{kk dh bl ifjHkk"kk dh vksj b'kkjk djrh gS& ^euq"; }kjk ,d mi;qDr lalkj
dk p;u djuk*A f'k{kk esa laokn gesa fl[kkrk gS fd lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfØ;k dk vfLrRo nksuksa Hkkxhnkjksa dh
ijLijrk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
var esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd f'k{kd dk dk;Z v/;kiu esa laokn dks LFkkfir djuk gSA ;g i)fr f'k{kd
o fo|kFkhZ dks lekxe dk volj nsrh gS ftlls nksuksa dh jpukRed ÅtkZ dks cy o fn'kk feyrh gSA u
ys[kd ifjp;% fØLVksQj [kkY[kks1] t;k feJ2 ,oa fjpk pkSgku3 fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; }kjk 'kq: fd, x,
f}o"khZ; ch-,M- ikB~;Øe ds igys cSp esa v/;;ujr Nk=k gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
32 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
 iqLrd leh{kk

Hkwxksy yksxksa ds ckjs esa gksrk gS

euh"k tSu

Ldwyh thou esa lwpuk vk/kkfjr uhjl lkekftd Kku@foKku us ge esa ls cgqrksa dh tku yh gSA
;g fo"k; gesa lekt ds ckjs esa i<+kus dk nkok djrk gS ij lc dqN gekjs vius vuqHkoksa vkSj ftanfx;ksa
ls csgn nwj vkSj vewrZ yxrk jgk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ctk; ^lekt* dh tkap iM+rky ds] bl fo"k; us
[kqn dk gh ,d vlkekftd pfj=k cuk fy;kA lekt ls ;g nwjh Hkwxksy ds lanHkZ esa vkSj rh[kh fn[krh
gSA ,slk ekywe iM+rk gS fd ufn;ksa] igkM+ksa vkfn dh txg vkSj uke tkuuk gh Hkwxksy gksA ,sls esa ;g
loky iwNuk ykteh gks tkrk gS fd ,d Kku vuq'kklu ds rkSj ij Hkwxksy dk vFkZ D;k gS\ vkSj D;k
Kku vuq'kklu dh le> Hkh oDr ds lkFk cnyrh jgrh gS\ D;k ,d Kku vuq'kklu ds Hkhrj fo"k;
ds QylQs ds ckjs esa ,d ls T;knk n`f"Vdks.k gks ldrs gSa\ vkSj tc u, n`f"Vdks.k cusa rks Ldwyh fo"k;ksa
vkSj ikB~;iqLrdksa esa mudh txg dSls cus\ bl Kku dks cPpksa rd ,slh Hkk"kk vkSj rjhds ls dSls
igqapk;k tk, fd og u, rjhds ls lkspsa Hkh vkSj bl Kku dks cukus] mlls tw>us] loky [kM+s djus vkSj
tokc <wa<us esa mudh viuh Hkwfedk gks\
;equk luh }kjk fyf[kr vkSj ,dyO; }kjk o"kZ 2014 esa izdkf'kr ^^LizkmV% v lks'ky ft;ksxzkQh vkWQ
jktLFkku** ,d vuwBh fdrkc gS tks bu lokyksa ds tokc nsrh gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa c<+us dh ,d
dke;kc dksf'k'k djrh gSA cjlksa dh esgur] v/;kiu ds vuqHko vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lg;ksx ls rS;kj
;g fdrkc HkkSxksfyd Kku dh ubZ O;k[;kvksa esa ls ,d O;k[;k& lkekftd Hkwxksy ds tfj;s ^lkeftd*
vkSj ^LFkkfud* ¼spatial½ ds varlaZca/kksa dks le>us vkSj n'kkZus dh lQy dksf'k'k djrh gSA Hkwxksy dh
bl Hkkjh&Hkjde iquO;kZ[;k dks ;g fdrkc ljy 'kCnksa esa le>krh gS] ^Hkwxksy yksxksa ds ckjs esa gSA og
dsoy igkM+ksa] ufn;ksa vkSj lhekvksa ds ckjs esa ugha gS--- balku vyx&vyx rjg dh lkeftd txgksa ¼Lisl½
tSls 'kgj] dLcs] [ksrhgj xkao] taxy] eNqvkjk cLrh esa jgrs gSa--- blfy, txgksa ds ikl lqukus dks
vyx&vyx dgkfu;ka gSa--- vkSj tc ge lekt esa gq, ,sfrgkfld cnykoksa dh ckr djrs gSa rks ,slk ugha
fd os Hkwxksy ls ijs Fkha--- bu fofHkUu txgksa vkSj lektksa dk vkil esa laca/k gSA LFkku vkSj le; ds
lanHkZ esa bu fj'rksa dks le>uk lkekftd Hkwxksy dk egRoiw.kZ dsanz fcanq gS* ¼i`"B 5½ vkSj bl dke dks
vatke nsus ds fy, bl iqLrd esa ubZ rjg ds uD'kksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gS tks ijEijkxr ekufp=kksa
ds ekiu vkSj xf.kr dk bLrseky djus ds lkFk&lkFk gkFk ls cus fp=kksa ds tfj;s vyx ewrZ Jsf.k;ksa dk
izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA
ukS v/;k;ksa esa fy[kh bl fdrkc dk igyk v/;k; jktLFkku dh dYiuk djrk gSA fp=kksa] ckrphr]
vo/kkj.kkvksa ds }kjk iqjkus oDr ds jktLFkku vkSj mlesa D;k cnyko gq,] c[kwch mHkkjs x, gSaA fdlh

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 33
 le; jktLFkku esa gkfFk;ksa dk gksuk D;k crkrk gS] vjkoyh ioZr dh ÅapkbZ ?kV dSls
xbZ] tSls loky lkspus ij etcwj djrs gSaA
nwljk v/;k; jktLFkku ds jsfxLrku dks 'kq"drk] jsr ds Vhys] catj Hkwfe vkSj
pkjkxkg tSlh ijaijkxr HkkSxksfyd vo/kkj.kkvksa dks xfr'khyrk ds Hkwxksy] xkaoksa esa
rjg&rjg dh pkjkxkg vkSj muesa vk;s ifjorZuksa] tehu ds tkfrxr LokfeRo ds
lanHkZ esa le>kus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ikBd ,d vksj futh tehu
ij pjkbZ dh vuqefr ds lkeqnkf;d fu;e ds ckjs esa tkurs gSa rks nwljh vksj
i'kq&ikyu ds rjhdksa esa vk, cnykoksa vkSj u, leqnk;ksa ds bl O;kikj vkSj
i'kq&ikyu esa vkus dh dgkuh c;ku gksrh gSA ikBd tkurs gSa fd fdlh lewg dk
,d txg NksM+ nwljh txg LFkkukarfjr gksuk Hkh ,d ,sfrgkfld&HkkSxksfyd izfØ;k
LizkmV% v lks'ky ft;ksxzkQh vkWQ jktLFkku gSA lekt dk dkSulk rcdk LFkkukarj.k ds fy, fdu lalk/kuksa dk bLrseky djrk
¼vadqj% jktLFkku dk lkekftd Hkwxksy½ gS vkSj fdl rjg ifjogu ds u, lk/kuksa dk bLrseky lalk/kuksa ds iwoZ&LokfeRo ij
ys f [kdk% ;equk luh fuHkZj gS] ,d ,slk iz'u gS] ftldh xwat jktLFkku ds lanHkZ ls fudydj fnYyh dh
iz d k'kd% ,dyO;] bZ&10] 'kadj uxj] esVªks vkSj if'peh ns'kksa esa iyk;u rd lqukbZ nsrh gSA ;g v/;k; crkrk gS fd fdl
f'kokth uxj] Hkksiky&462016 e/; izns'k rjg peM+s vkSj ued m|ksx ,d lkFk Hkwxksy ¼ccwy ds isM+ dh cgqrk;r½] tkfrxr
ew Y ;% 255 #i;s] i` " BB&147 dke] O;kikj vkSj cktkj dh O;oLFkkvksa vkSj mudh vkilh var%fØ;k ds tfj;s
iuis gSaA
rhljk v/;k; ekufp=k vkSj rkfydkvksa dh rqyuk ds }kjk rkieku vkSj vknZzrk ij viuk /;ku dsafnzr djrk
gSA vke rkSj ij fdrkcksa] uhfr;ksa] yksdfiz; fQYeksa vkSj ppkZ esa vkfnoklh lekt ;k rks ,d ,sls vkfne lewg
ds :i esa n'kkZ;k tkrk gS tks le;&dky esa dgha #d x;k gS ;k fQj laxzgky;h mikxe ¼museumisation
paradigm½ ds rgr mudh laLÑfr dks n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA bl opZLo'kkyh izfrfuf/kRo ds cjDl pkSFkk v/;k;
fofHkUu ,sfrgkfld vkSj lelkef;d lanHkksaZ esa vkfnoklh lekt ij ppkZ djrk gSA ,d vksj ;g v/;k;
Hkkstu&mRiknu ls ysdj jkT;&fuekZ.k ds lanHkksaZ esa vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa vkSj muds thou esa vk;s cnykoksa dh ckr
djrk gSA rks nwljh rjQ] HkkSxksfyd foLFkkiu] [kuu] laj{k.k] fodkl cuke foLFkkiu ds loky ckrphr ds ?ksjs
esa vkrs gSaA
vke rkSj ij Hkwxksy esa 'kq"drk vkSj ikuh dh miyC/krk dh ppkZ ekuo thou dh vuqifLFkfr vkSj izÑfr&ekuo
var%fØ;k ds fcuk gksrh gSA ,slk yxrk gS] u rks yksxksa us viuh le>nkjh dk bLrseky dj vius Hkwxksy ds ckjs
esa dksbZ Kku iSnk fd;k gS vkSj u gh mudk lkekftd lajpukvksa ls dksbZ okLrk gSA ikapok v/;k; bu ekU;rkvksa
dks dM+h pqukSrh nsrk gSA og tgka lw[ks] vdky] ikuh rd igqap vkSj ty&laxzg.k dks ysdj jktLFkku esa fodflr
fofHkUu rjhdksa ¼dqbZ] dq.M] ckoM+h] rkykc½ ls ikBdksa dks ifjfpr djkrk gS] ogha ikuh vkSj lkekftd lajpuk
ds fj'rs dks tkfr ls ysdj oYMZ cSad rd dh ;kstukvksa ds lanHkZ esa <wa<rk gSA
vxj NBk v/;k; egyksa] vnkyrksa vkSj yksxksa] muds Hkwxksy] bfrgkl vkSj orZeku lÙkk vkSj thou dh ppkZ
ekaxf.k;kj vkSj cg:fi;ksa ds lanHkZ esa djrk gS rks lkroka v/;k; ehjkckbZ dks dsanz fcanq cukdj] jkT;&fuekZ.k]
lÙkk@rkdr] tkfr] tsaMj] bfrgkl ys[ku] xhr&laLÑfr] izfrjks/k vkSj dYiuk dk ,slk rku&ckuk cqurk gS fd
bfrgkl vkSj Hkwxksy dh jLlh ekuks ,d lkFk cu vkSj xqFk jgh gksaA
vkBosa v/;k; esa O;kikj] O;kikjh vkSj 'kgjksa dh dgkuh O;kikj ekxksaZ] [ksrh] flapkbZ] cfu;ksa dh cnyrh Hkwfedk
vkSj Hkwxksy] vk/kqfud jkT; ds mn;] vkS|ksfxd fodkl vkSj Lye ds iM+koksa ls xqtjrh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA vkf[kjh
f'k{kk foe'kZ
34 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
v/;k; Hkk"kk] yksdlkfgR; vkSj [kku&iku ds tfj;s lekurk ryk'krs gq,] mu ijaijkxr ifjikfV;ksa vkSj leqnk;ksa
dh vksj ykSVrk gS tks jktLFkku esa e#LFkyhdj.k ds c<+rs [krjs ds f[kykQ dkjxj gks ldrs gSaA ,d ,slh fdrkc
tks bfrgkl] orZeku] lkeftd lajpuk] fopkj] lÙkk vkSj Hkwxksy dks ,d lkFk fijksrh gks] og fdl rjg [kRe
gksxh\ L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr] lrh] cky&fookg vkSj ca/kqvk etnwjh ds fooj.k tkfr] tsaMj vkSj xjhch ds Hkwxksy ij
ppkZ dk lcc curs gSaA
bl fdrkc dks i<+dj vki dqN nsj pqipki cSB tkrs gSaA ;g pqIih bl fdrkc us ftu pkjnhokfj;ksa dks rksM+ fn;k
gS] blds vglkl ls iSnk gksrh gSA Ldwy vkSj fo'ofo|ky; esa cjlksa lekt&foKku i<+kus ds ckn Hkh ,slh fdrkc
ls ikyk ugha iM+k FkkA bl fdrkc dks i<+dj vki u dsoy {ks=kh; Hkwxksy] jktLFkku ds ckjs esa ubZ le> cukrs
gSa cfYd ,slk yxrk gS fd lekt&foKku dh ,d varjkuq'kklfud ¼interdisciplinary½ le> fodflr gks xbZ gksA
lsokiwoZ vkSj lsokjr f'k{k.k&izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa Hkwxksy vkSj lekt&foKku i<+us ds fy, ftu lalk/kuksa dh ppkZ
dh tkrh gS] os lc ;gka bLrseky fd, x, gSaA blfy, Ldwyksa ls ysdj dkystksa ,oa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kk
foHkkxksa] Hkwxksy vkSj lekt&foKku foHkkxksa ds fy, ;g ,d cs'kdherh fdrkc gSA
esjs nl lkyk csVs us tc ;g fdrkc mBkbZ rks og blesa cPpksa ds fp=kksa] ckrphr] u, rjg ds ekufp=k ns[kdj
csgn vkdf"kZr gqvkA mlds vkSj vius vuqHko ds ckn fdrkc esa ,d deh utj vkrh gSA yxHkx iwjh fdrkc
esa xfj"B vo/kkj.kk,a ljy Hkk"kk esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djrh gSaA ysfdu dqN txg dfBu vo/kkj.kkvksa tSls
lkeftd cukoV ¼lks'ky QkesZ'ku½] lkeftd ca/ku ¼lks'ky Vkbt½ dk bLrseky i<+us dh xfr dks vo#) djrs
gSaA ,d oSdfYid ifjizs{; vkSj O;k[;k nsus ds iz;klksa esa dbZ txg opZLo'kkyh cks/k vkSj nyhyksa dks fcydqy
njfdukj dj fn;k x;k gSA viuk ifjizs{; cukus ds fy, ikBd& cPps vkSj cM+s muls my>sa ;g t:jh gSA ysfdu
;g ,d ,slk dke gS tks ,d fdrkc vdsys ugha dj ldrhA bl fdrkc us ubZ varn`Zf"V nsus dk dke fd;k gS
vkSj vxj vki pkgsa fd ckdh jkT;ksa ij Hkh ,slh fdrkcsa cusa] rks ;g lius cqusa vkSj mudks tehu ij ykus dk
jkLrk bl fdrkc us gesa fn[kk fn;k gSA u
ys[kd ifjp;% ^19oha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk)Z ls ukxfjd'kkL=k dh ikB~;p;kZ vkSj ukxfjd dk fopkj* ij 'kks/k
izcU/k] 10 o"kZ rd fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk;Z rFkk ,llhbZvkjVh] fnYyh ,oa ,ulhbZvkjVh ds lkFk ikB~;iqLrd
fuekZ.k esa HkkxhnkjhA vktdy vacsMdj fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh esa v/;kiu dj jgs gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 35
 ij[k

f'k{kd dk ewY;kadu% ,d isphnk iz'u

f'kojru Fkkuoh

f'k {kd dh lgh igpku fo|kFkhZ ds flok; dksbZ ugha dj ldrkA f'k{kd ds :i esa mudk vlyh
psgjk fo|kFkhZ gh ns[krk gSA mldk lcls vf/kd izHkko mlh ij iM+rk gSA lcls vf/kd uQk&uqdlku
f'k{kd ds dkj.k ;fn fdlh dk gksrk gS rks fo|kFkhZ dk gh gksrk gSA ysfdu bldk ;fn dksbZ ;g vFkZ
fudkyuk pkgs fd rc rks vesfjdk dh rjg f'k{kdksa dk ewY;kadu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls gh djk fy;k tk, rks
og Hkh xyr gksxkA fo|kFkhZ mldk ewY;kadu vkt ugha dj ldrkA ewY;kadu djus dh 'kfDr mls nsrs
gh og fo|kFkhZ dh Hkwfedk ls gVdj n.Muk;d dh Hkwfedk esa pyk tk,xkA mldh n`f"V og jgsxh gh
ugha tks ,d lPps fo|kFkhZ dh gksrh gSA
esjs ,d f'k{kd FksA os eq>s Hkwxksy i<+k;k djrs Fks vkSj xf.kr HkhA loky xyr gksrk rks os esjh tka?k
dh peM+h vaxwBs vkSj rtZuh ls idM+ dj ncksprs&[khaprs&mesBrs Fks fd esjh vka[kksa ls ViVi vkalw fxjus
yxrsA dbZ fnu rd yky&gjk fu'kku cuk jgrk ml LFkku ijA os Hkwxksy i<+krs rc uD'ks esa dksbZ dsi
dkseksfju ;k U;w QkM.M ySaM ;k Vsaxkfudk <wa<+dj ugha crk ikrk rks mudk :yj py iM+rk FkkA vki
eq>ls ;k esjs lgikfB;ksa ls ml oDr mudk ewY;kadu djus dks dgrs rks gekjh D;k izfrfØ;k gksrh\ ;gh
u fd mUgsa rRdky gVk fn;k tkuk pkfg,! ysfdu pkyhl&ipkl lky ckn vk/kqfud f'k{kk'kkL=kh;
fl)karksa ds ,dne foijhr ikus ds ckotwn mUgsa ;kn djrk gwa rks J)ko'k esjh vka[ksa ue gks tkrh gSaA
os fn[kkoVh fcYdqy ugha FksA jax xksjk] ukd rh[kh] vka[ksa uhyh&lh] yack dn] [kqys xys dk dksV] dHkh
VkbZ] dHkh dkyj [kqyh] dHkh iSaV] rks dHkh /kksrh HkhA nkar pednkj] lqanj iafDr esa] ysfdu galrs iwjs
dHkh ugha FksA ekewyh eqLdqjkgV gj ne psgjs ij jgrh FkhA n.M nsrs Fks rc Hkh psgjk lkSE; o
fLuX/k cuk jgrk FkkA eqLdqjkgV {k.k Hkj ds fy, LFkfxr gks tkrh FkhA ltk lekIrA ogh eqLdqjkgV
'kq:A fQj ogh iz'uksa dk flyflyk ean&ean vkokt esaA fQj ogh jktLFkku ds Hkwxksy vkSj nqfu;k ds
Hkwxksy dh ubZ&ubZ ckrsaA jktiwrkuk] fgUnqLrku vkSj nqfu;k dk Hkwxksy rc Øe'k% vyx&vyx d{kkvksa
¼fefMy d{kkvksa½ esa i<+k;k tkrk FkkA mUgsa i<+kuk vPNk yxrk FkkA gesa i<+uk vPNk yxrk FkkA ge Hkwy
djrs rks os ekQ djrs vkSj gydh&lh fpdkSVh dkV dj eqLdqjkrs jgrsA os ukjkt gksrs rks eqLdqjkgV
LFkfxr vkSj peM+h mBk nh tkrh] mesB nh tkrhA lq[k&nq%[k lc lkFk FksA thou esa mudk dqy izHkko
ckn esa Kkr gqvkA og vkt Hkh lkFk gSA
ysfdu mudh bl egkurk] bl fu"Bk] bl fLuX/krk dks dkSu tku ldrk Fkk\ fdlus tkuk\ Mhax ekjuk
rks nwj] os u rks dHkh eq[;k/;kid ds lkFk cSBrs Fks vkSj u dHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ;k v/;kidksa ds chpA
mUgksaus gesa fdruk #yk;k] fdruk galk;k vkSj fdruk v/;;u'khy cuk;k & bldh lwpuk fdlh dks
dSls gksxh\

f'k{kk foe'kZ
36 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
nwljs v/;kid FksA dksbZ fu;fer ihfj;M ughaA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kd FksA ukVk dn] LFkwy 'kjhj] eksVk isV] ewaNs
NYysnkjA QqVcky f[kykrs FksA dHkh&dHkh [kkyh ihfj;M esa gesa pqi j[kus mUgsa Hkst fn;k tkrkA dlhnsnkj] yEcs
ukd okyh] jaxhu twfr;ka igus pjZ&ejZ djrs vkrsA Mjkouh vka[ksa FkhaA lge dj lHkh pqi gks tkrsA os iljdj
dqlhZ esa /kal tkrsA fganh] jktLFkkuh] czt] vo/kh ds dbZ in mUgsa ;kn FksA cksyrs] iwNrsA dkSu crkrk vFkZ\ i<+k
gh fdlus FkkA galrsA ^^cl ;g Hkh ugha tkurs\** vkSj os cqyan vkokt esa] fdarq /kheh xfr ls] vFkZ le>krsA
dksbZ vardZFkk Hkh dg nsrsA gal nsrs] lkjh d{kk dks galk nsrsA dqN rks ygtk] dqN ckrsa gh ,slh vkSj dqN jkSc
,slk fd mudk lkFk nsuk t:jhA ltk nsus dk Bsdk Hkh budk gh FkkA fu"BkiwoZd vkf[kjh ihfj;M ds ckn esa<+d
pky] ÅB&cSB ;k M.M&fMIl ds }kjk ;Fkk;ksX; ltk nsuk os dHkh ugha HkwyrsA ftl jkst ltk feyrh ml jkst ?kj
tkuk eqf'dy gks tkrkA yaxM+krs gq,] dHkh&dHkh jksrs gq, ?kj igqaprsA gekjs vkSj muds laca/kksa dh igpku gekjs
flok; fdldks gks ldrh gS\ vkt eSa tks dqN djrk gwa] tks dqN lksprk gwa] tks dqN ys[ku djrk gwa] mu lcesa
mudk Hkh dksbZ fgLlk t:j gSA lq[k&nq%[k lc lkFk FksA dqy izHkko Hkh vkt lkFk gSA lhuk rkudj pyrs FksA
Mhax ekjus esa Hkh vkxs FksA d{kk ds ckgj dqN Hkh gksaxs] d{kk ds Hkhrj vkSj ltk nsrs oDr eSnku esa] os gekjs lkFk
tks O;ogkj djrs Fks mldh ckr eSa] dsoy eSa gh] crk ldrk gwa vkSj og ;gh fd os ,d cgqr vPNs balku FksA
ge muls ml oDr izlUu Hkh jgs vkSj vizlUu HkhA vkt mudk Lej.k djds eSa muds izfr vknj ls Hkj tkrk
gwaA os tks ltk nsrs Fks mldk uke Hkh ltk ugha Fkk] ^,DLVªk fMªy* Fkk vkSj vki le> ldrs gSa fd og ,DLVªk
Fkh rks fQj ,DLVªk gh gksuh Fkh] vlk/kkj.k gh gksuh FkhA ysfdu gesa og ltk de ;kn gS] mudk d{kk esa ilj
dj eLrh ls lkfgfR;d Kku&ppkZ djuk T;knk ;kn gSA tc dHkh d{kk esa i<+krs oDr eSa T;knk xaHkhj gqvk rks
mudk Lej.k vkrs gh lgt gks x;k vkSj ikB~;Øe dh yhd NksM+dj Nan] dfoK] lksjBs] nksgs lqukus yxk ;k
fujkyk] vKs; vkfn ds fofo/k jlkLoknu ds dkO;ka'k lquk fn,A eSa tc i<+rk Fkk rc ;s lc dkslZ esa ugha FksA
jkgwy vkSj vKs; ds ;k=kk&laLej.kksa dh iz'kalk djds iqLrdky; esa iM+h mudh iqLrdksa ds uke crk nsrkA fo|kFkhZ
VwV iM+rsA i<+rsA ;ksa eLrh] vkuUn] lgtrk vkSj dqrwgy iSnk djus ds bl rRo ds fy, ml 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ds
f'k{kd dks ;kn dj ysuk dkQh gS esjs fy,A
f'k{kd dk ewY;kadu djus okys lkspsa fd dksbZ f'k{kkf/kdkjh ;k iz/kkuk/;kid ;k fujh{kd fdlh f'k{kd ds ckjs
esa] vkt dh i)fr ls] ckgj ls fdruk tku ldrs gSa tcfd d{kk ds Hkhrj fnu Hkj f'k{kd ds gj dk;Z&dyki
dks vareZu ls vuqHko djus okyk fo|kFkhZ Hkh rRdky dksbZ jk; ugha cuk ldrk] tku ugha ldrkA og Hkh ,d
yEcs varjky ds ckn gh okLrfodrk ds n'kZu dj ikrk gSA u
ys[kd ifjp;% f'kfojk if=kdk rFkk u;k f'k{kd@Vhpj VqMs dk 13 o"kZ laiknuA la;qDr funs'kd ¼f'k{kk½ in ls
1988 esa lsokfuo`ÙkA dqN iqLrdsa fy[kha] dqN dk laiknu vkSj vuqokn fd;kA fo'ks"k pfpZr iqLrd ^vkt dh
f'k{kk dy ds loky*A

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 37
 vuqHko

;g dSlk lEeku gS\

egs'k dqekj 'kekZ

v ius dke ds flyflys esa eq>s jktLFkku ds mPp izkFkfed Lrj rd ds ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa vDlj
tkus dk volj feyrk jgrk gSA eSa tgka Hkh bu fo|ky;ksa esa x;k eq>s dqN vkSj feyk u feyk] ,d
pht t:j feyh ;k fn[khA og ;g gS fd d{kk esa igqaprs gh /khes ;k fQj cgqr rst vkokt esa cPpksa
dk xqM ekWfuZax lj] xqM ekWfuZax nhnh ;k eSMe dgukA izns'k Hkj esa ftu&ftu ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa essa tkus
dk volj feyk ogka ;g dkWeu Qhpj gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd nksigj esa dgha&dgha xqM vk¶Vj uwu dh
xwat] vuwxwat Hkh bu d{kkvksa esa lqukbZ ns tkrh gSA
vc ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd blesa D;k fnDdr gS ;k fdlh dks D;k vkiÙkh gS\ blesa u dksbZ fnDdr
gS u vkiÙkhA ysfdu ;g dksbZ lgt O;ogkj utj ugha vkrkA mu fo|ky;ksa dks bl ij /;ku Hkh nsuk
pkfg, vkSj lkspuk pkfg, fd dgha ;g lc jVs jVk, 'kCnksPpkj.k dh jLe vnk;xh ds rkSj ij rks ugha
gks jgk gSA ;k dqN ,slk rks cPpksa dks ugha dgk ;k le>k fn;k x;k fd tc Hkh dksbZ f'k{kd ;k ckgjh
O;fDr vkidh d{kk esa izos'k djs cl [kM+s gks tkvks vkSj cksy nks xqM ekWfuZax ;k xqM vk¶Vj uwuA
bl flyflys esa ,d jktdh; fo|ky; ¼dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;½ esa gq, vuqHko dks ;gka lk>k
djrk gwaA bl fo|ky; esa eSa lqcg nl cts igqapkA v/;kidksa ds lkFk vkSipkfjd vfHkoknu ds ckn eSa
fo|ky; ds ml d{k dh vkSj c<+k ft/kj ls izkFkZuk dh vkokt vk jgh FkhA esjs lkFk gh fo|ky; ds
,d f'k{kd Hkh mlh rjQ c<+ pysA ;gka vkidks ;g crkuk mfpr gksxk fd 'kSf{kd lg;ksx miyC/k
djokus ds flyflys esa eq>s vDlj bl rjg ds fo|ky;ksa essa tkuk gksrk gSA eSa izkFkZuk l=k esa 'kkfey gks
x;kA izkFkZuk l=k ds nkSjku gksus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa ds i'pkr eSus yM+fd;ksa dks ueLrs djrs gq, viuk
ifjp; fn;kA lHkh ckfydkvksa usa Hkh ,d lqj esa ^^xqM ekWfuZax lj** cksykA yxHkx Ms<+ ?kUVs rd eSa blh
txg ij lkewfgd :i ls buds lkFk dke djrk jgkA blds ckn mi lewg dk;Z gsrq eSaus yM+fd;ksa dks
viuh&viuh d{kkvksa esa Hkst fn;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn eSa ,d d{kk esa blfy, x;k fd yM+fd;ksa dks dgha
dksbZ enn dh t:jr rks ugha gSA tSls gh eSa d{kk esa ?kqlk lHkh yM+fd;ksa us ,d lkFk mBrs gq, dgk]
^^xqM+ ekWfuZax lj**A eSus dgk] ^^vjs! eSa rks lqcg ls gh vkids lkFk Fkk] fQj vc D;aw xqM ekWfuZax dj jgh
gks\** os dqN ugha cksyhaA eSaus dgk] ^^cSB tkvks** rks oks lc cSB xbZaA ;s d{kk Ng dh yM+fd;ka FkhaA
esjs eu esa fopkj vk;k fd ;g lc ubZ gSa] blh l=k esa vkbZ gSa blfy, ,slk fd;k gksxk ysfdu eu ugha
ekukA eSa ikl gh ds nwljs dejs esa x;k tgka d{kk lkr dh yM+fd;ka dke dj jgh FkhaA fQj ogh gqvkA
oSls ds oSls yM+fd;ka mBha vkSj oSls gh cksyk] ^^xqM ekWfuZax lj**A vc eSa ifjdYiuk iz;ksx dh izfØ;k
esa vk pqdk FkkA vr% eSa ,d vkSj d{k esa ?kqlkA fQj ogh nksgjk;k x;kA T;ksa dk R;ksaA eSaus gj ,d d{k
esa yM+fd;ksa ls vpEHkk djrs gq, dgk] ^^vjs! ge rks lqcg ls gh lkFk Fks rks fQj ls xqM ekWfuZax D;wa\**]
f'k{kk foe'kZ
38 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
^^D;k ,slk djuk pkfg,\**] ^^D;k vkidks fdlh us dgk gS ,slk djus dks\** esjs lokyksa dks ,d&nks f'k{kd Hkh
lqu jgh FkhaA os Hkh dqN ugha cksyhaA
fo|ky;ksa esa vDlj mUgha Nk=kksa ls ikap&lkr ckj bl rjg dk vkSipkfjd vfHkoknu fey tkrk gS ftuls vki
dbZ ckj fey pqds gSaA ;kaf=kd vfHkoknu dh bl cksf>y izfØ;k esa flok le; dh cjcknh ds laHkor% dqN ugha
gksrkA bl fLFkfr ij ckfydkvksa vkSj f'k{kdksa ls ckr Hkh dh fd D;k ge bl ij dqN lksp ldrs gSA D;wa ge
bu vrkfdZd izfØ;kvksa dks nksgjkrs jgsa! mUgksaus flQZ bruk gh dgk fd ;g rks lEeku djus dk rjhdk gSA
exj fdldk lEeku gS blesa\ f'k{kd dk\ ;fn gka] rks cPpksa ds lEeku dk D;k\ bl ij lkspus dk le; rks
u gekjh O;oLFkk ds ikl gS u mu O;fDr;ksa ds ikl gS tks ncko ls LFkkfir bl rFkkdfFkr lEeku dks ikdj
xnxn gq, tkrs gSaA [kSj gkykr vkSj gdhdr viuh&viuh txg gS vkSj fopkj viuh txgA
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; dh f'k{kdksa us bl ij lkspk vkSj 'kq#vkr bl rjg gqbZ fd ge ;g dSlk lEeku
ik jgs gSa\ ,d gh LFkku ij ,d gh O;fDr D;wa ckj&ckj gesa ueLdkj] xqM ekWfuZax vkfn fd, tk jgk gS\ D;k
;g fny ls fd;k x;k lEeku gS! vxj ugha rks fQj D;k gS\ D;k dksbZ ncko gS\ cPpksa ij ncko ;k dgsa ml
oxZ ij ncko tks viuh ethZ] viuh bPNk ls dqN Hkh djus dks vktk+n ugha gSA ;gka rd fd lEeku djus dks
Hkh ughaA bl izfØ;k dk ,d [krjk ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd ge [kq'k gksus] lEeku djus dh okLrfod t+:jrksa
vkSj Hkkoukvksa dks rks Hkwyrs pys tk,a vkSj Ñf=kerk dks viuh okLrfodrk cuk ysaA
,d f'k{kd us laHkor% cgqr fgEer ls dgk fd eSa bl ij yxkrkj lksprh jgh gaw fd D;wa ge ,d gh txg ij]
,d gh fnu esa] ,d gh ckfydk ls ckj&ckj vfHkoknu djokrs gSa] lqurs gSaA ;g rks cM+k vthc gSA eku yks ;g
lEeku gS rks gekjs ?kj esa tc dksbZ cM+k&cqtqxZ] dksbZ esgeku] dksbZ vkxUrqd ;k fdlh Hkh mez dk dksbZ O;fDr vkrk
gS rks D;wa ugha ge mldks ckj&ckj lyke] ueLrs djrs! eSaus dgk] ^^djds ns[k yhft,A** gks ldrk gS vkus okyk
vki ij gals vkSj fQj vki Hkh galsaA ;k vkus okyk bl O;ogkj dks Lo;a dk vieku le>s vkSj laHkkouk ;g
Hkh gS fd og O;fDr vkids ?kj ;k tgka Hkh vki gSa ogka ls nwj] ckgj tkdj vkids ckjs esa dgs] mQ! cM+s vthc
ludh yksx gSa!
fQj f'k{kk esa ;g dkSulk vfuok;Z vH;kl gS tks cPpksa dks fcuk lksps le>s fl[kk;k tk jgk gSA lEeku dk jêk
yxok;k tk jgk gSA eSaus vkSj Hkh dbZ f'k{kdksa ls tkuus dh dksf'k'k dh fd gj ckj tc Hkh dksbZ f'k{kd d{kk
esa izos'k djrk@djrh gS rks D;k iwjh d{kk ds cPps mBdj xqM ekfuZax ¼vf/kdka'kr% xqM ekWfuZax½] xqM vk¶Vj uwu
;k ueLrs djrs gSa\ f'k{kdksa usa tokc rks fdlh miyfC/k ls mits larks"k dks vius psgjs ij ykrs gq, fn;k vkSj
dgk] ^^gka! djrs gSa ukA cPps [kM+s gksdj] gj ckj vius f'k{kd dks ueLdkj djrs gSaA** esjs vxys loky] fd dksbZ
ckj&ckj vkidks ueLdkj djs rks D;k ,slk djuk Bhd gS\ iwNus ij larks"k dh iiM+h esa FkksM+h njkj fn[kkbZ nhA
lkspus dh izkjafHkd voLFkk esa ;g laHko gS fd vkiesa dqN njds] dqN VwVus&rM+dus ls iwoZ dk f[akpko ;k ruko
cuus yxsA f'k{kdksa us dgk] ^^gka! Bhd gSA**
eSaus eu esa lkspk] ^^Bhd rks ugha gS**] ysfdu Ldwyksa esa rks ;gh gksrk gSA eSaus tkuus dh dksf'kf'k dh D;k dksbZ
ljdkjh vkns'k ;k ldqZyj bl gsrq fudyk gS fd tc Hkh f'k{kd d{kk esa izos'k djs rc lkjs cPps ,d lkFk [kM+s
gksdj vfHkoknu djsaA irk pyk ugha] ,slk rks dksbZ vkns'k ugha gSA rks loky ;g gS fd ;g lc D;wa gks jgk gS\
fcuk fdlh ljdkjh] fyf[kr] Åijh vkns'k ds\
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 39
 ,sls lokyksa ij ppkZ tc Hkh vkxs c<+rh gS] ;s gh okD;ka'k izeq[krk ls lqukbZ nsrs jgs gSa] pyrk vk jgk gS] ge Hkh
mBrs Fks] geus rks bl ij dHkh lkspk ugha gS] blls cPps lEeku djuk lh[krs gSaA ;gka Hkh ,slk gh gqvkA bl
vk[kjh okD; ij fQj loky mBrk gS fd D;k lEeku fl[kkus dh ;k lEeku dh vkSipkfjdrk djus esa n{k cuk
nsus dh Hkh dksbZ ;kaf=kd izfØ;k gS\ lEeku fl[kkus dh og dkSulh izfØ;k gS tks ;g crkrh gS fd cPpksa dks
ckj&ckj xqM ekWfuZax] xqM vk¶Vj uwu ;k ueLrs dgdj lEeku djuk pkfg, vkSj mldk vH;kl gekjh d{kkvksa
es fujUrj tkjh gSA D;k blds cjDl cPpksa dk lEeku djus dh Hkh dksbZ fyf[kr] vfyf[kr ijaijk ;k izfØ;k
gS gekjh reke lH;rk esa\
tc cPpksa ls ckr dh rc 'kq#vkrh loky Fkk] ^^vkidh d{kk esa tc dksbZ f'k{kd vkrk gS ;k vkrh gS rc vki
D;k djrs gSa\** cPpksa us crk;k fd lc [kM+s gksdj xqM ekfuZax cksyrs gSaA ^^tc ;gh f'k{kd ,d ihfj;M i<+kus
ds ckn] vxys fdlh ihfj;M esa fQj ls vkidh d{kk esa vk, rks\** ^^fQj ls [kM+s gks dj ueLrs djrs gSaA** ^^rks
D;k ,d gh f'k{kd ,d gh fnu esa rhu&pkj ;k vkSj T;knk ckj vkidh d{kk esa vk, rks mruh gh ckj [kM+s gks
dj ueLrs djrs gSa\** cPpksa dk tokc gka esa ikdj iwNk] ^^vPNk D;ksa djrs gS ckj&ckj ueLrs] xqM ekfuZax ;k dqN
vkSj\** cPps eqLdqjkrs gq, dgrs gSa] ^^irk ugha ysfdu ge rks ,sls gh djrs gSaA**
etsnkj ckr ;g Fkh fd ftrus Hkh cPpksa ¼yxHkx nks lkS cPpksa½ ls eSaus ;g lc loky fd, muesa ls dksbZ Hkh vius
?kj&ifjokj] vkl&ikl] viuh Hkk"kk] cksyh esa vius fdlh cM+s&cqtqxZ dk lEeku bl rjg ugha djrk FkkA cPpksa
us bl ;kaf=kd izfØ;k ds dqN jkt vkSj viuh gksf'k;kfj;ksa dks Hkh crk;kA ,d ckr lHkh cPpksa us dgk fd ,sls
ckj&ckj ,d gh vkneh dks ueLdkj dguk vkSj ckj&ckj [kM+s gksuk mUgsa vPNk rks fcYdqy ugha yxrkA cPpksa
us vius ls vyx dqN cPpksa dk uke crkrs gq, dgk fd dqN cPps rks mBrs Hkh ugha gSaA dqN cPps ;g ns[kus dk
iz;kl djrs gSa fd ;fn f'k{kd mudh rjQ ns[k ugha jgs gSa rks cSBk Hkh jgk tk ldrk gSA dqN rks mBus dk miØe
Hkj djrs gSaA dqN cPpksa us rks ;g Hkh dgk fd gj d{kk dk dksbZ ilanhnk vkSj dksbZ ukilan f'k{kd gksrk gSA ;g
ukilan f'k{kd og gksrk gS tks cPpksa dks MkaVrk gS] Mjkrk gS vkSj cPpksa dk lEeku rks fcYdqy ugha djrk gSA
irk pyk fd f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj dkuwu rks cu x;k gS ysfdu dqN f'k{kd vkt Hkh cPpksa ij gkFk NksM+us rd
ls ckt ugha vkrsA ge [kqn lksp ldrs gSa fd ,sls f'k{kd dks dkSu cPpk I;kj] lEeku nsuk pkgsxkA dkSu [kM+k
gksuk pkgsxkA ;g rks izFkk pyh vk jgh gS fd d{kk esa izos'k djrs gh f'k{kd dks lEeku dk ,d >ksadk rks Li'kZ
djs gh djs] Hkys vkSipkfjd gh lgh] cseu gh lghA
eSaus eu esa fopkj fd;k fd cPpksa dks bruh vktk+nh rks gks gh fd oks vius ilanhnk f'k{kd ds fy, gh [kM+s gksaA
;gka ukilan f'k{kd dks viekfur djokus dk ekul ugha gS] oju ;g eglwl djokus dk gS fd f'k{kd vius
O;ogkj vkSj izfØ;kvksa ij Hkwy lq/kkj dj ldsA vPNs [kkls lsYQ fj;ykbts'ku dh izfØ;k dks tUe ns ldrh gS]
;g FkksM+h lh vktknhA vc tcfd lkjh d{kk] lkjs cPps ,d gh fnu esa nfl;ksa ckj [kM+s gks&gks dj lEeku dk
lSY;wV djsaxs rks f'k{kd Hkh dSls lksp ik,xk fd mlls dgka Hkwy pwd gks jgh gSA vius f'k{k.k dk;Z esa] vius
rjhdksa esa] viuh Hkk"kk vkSj O;ogkj esaA cPpksa ls is'k vkus ds rjhdksa esaA
fcuk lksps&le>s] i<+rs&fy[krs pys tkus vkSj fcuk HkkoukRed vkosx vkSj yxko ds lEeku djus&djkus dh ;g
vknr 'kk;n gekjs Ldwyksa esa py jgh d{kkvksa ls gh tUe ysrh gSA gka] bl vkys[k dks ;gka rd i<+ dj ;g fopkj
vk ldrk gS fd rks D;k f'k{kd ds d{kk esa vkus ij cPpksa dks [kM+k ugha gksuk pkfg,\ rks D;k cPpksa dks vius
f'k{kdksa dks xqM ekWfuZax] ueLdkj vkfn ugha djuk pkfg,\ D;k f'k{kdksa dks ,d ckj Hkh ueLdkj ugha djuk
pkfg,\ esjk futh fopkj tkuuk pkgrs gSa rks gS] ^^gka] lkspk tk ldrk gS**A ge ;k 'kk;n ge esa ls dksbZ Hkh lEeku
fojks/kh rks ugha gksxkA ysfdu lEeku dh ;kaf=kdrk] cksf>yrk vkSj jêkekj izFkk ds i{k esa Hkh dksbZ ugha gksxkA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
40 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
f'k{kdksa us Hkh tc bl eqís ij ckr dh rks ;gh fopkj j[kk fd ^f'k{kk foe'kZ* f}&ekfld if=kdk
D;wa uk flQZ bruk Hkj gh vkSipkfjd :i ls r; fd;k tk, fd LokfeRo ,oa vU; lwpukvksa ls lacaf/kr fooj.k
,d fnu esa flQZ ,d ckj gh tc f'k{kd] cPpksa dk igyh ckj
lkeuk gks rc gh vfHkoknu dj f'k{kdksa ds izfr lEeku izdV ?kks " k.kk
dj fn;k tk,A izkFkZuk] vlsacyh esa vf/kdka'k cPps vkSj le; QkeZ&4 ¼fu;e&8½
ij fo|ky; igqap ldus okys vf/kdka'k f'k{kd ,d nwljs ls 1- izdk'ku dk LFkku % t;iqj
:c: gksrs gSaA blh ekSds ij D;ksa ugha ;g lEeku vnk dj fn;k 2- izdk'ku vof/k % f}&ekfld
tk,! D;k ,slk gksuk laHko gS\ gks rks D;wa ugha ldrkA lkspsa rks 3- eqnzd dk uke % lqJh jhuk nkl
D;k dqN ugha gks tkrk! ;k fQj bruk Hkj fd;k tk ldrk gS ukxfjdrk % Hkkjrh;
fd dksbZ f'k{kd d{kk&d{k esa tc igyh ckj vk,] flQZ rc gh irk % fnxUrj] VksMh jetkuhiqjk]
vfHkoknu dj fy;k tk,A blds ckn ;fn ogh f'k{kd nwljh] txriqjk] t;iqj&302017
rhljh ;k fQj vxyh ckj vk, rks cPpkssa dks mBus dh vfuok;Zrk jktLFkku
ls eqDr j[kk tk,A 4- izdk'kd dk uke % lqJh jhuk nkl
ukxfjdrk % Hkkjrh;
vc ,d u;k loky lkeus [kM+k FkkA tc f'k{kd ds vxyh ckj irk % fnxUrj] VksMh jetkuhiqjk]
d{kk esa vkus ij cPps ugha mBsa] ueLdkj ugha djsa rc f'k{kd txriqjk] t;iqj&302017
D;k djs\ cPps D;k djsa\ gka] iqjkuh vknrsa cnyus esa FkksM+k le; jktLFkku
yxrk gSA FkksM+k tksj vkrk gS vkSj FkksM+k fny Hkh nq[k ldrk gSA 5- laiknd dk uke % izeksn ikBd
;gka ca/kh&ca/kkbZ izfØ;kvksa ls ckgj u, rjhds ls dqN djus vkSj ukxfjdrk % Hkkjrh;
jpus dk volj iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa f'k{kd dks FkksM+h irk % 27 ,] ,drk iFk] Jhth uxj]
esgur djus dh] FkksM+k tkx:d jgus dh vko';drk gS] cl! nqxkZiqjk] t;iqj&302018
D;ksa uk d{kk esa vanj vkrk gqvk f'k{kd cPPkksa ls dgs] dSls gks\ jktLFkku
D;k py jgk gS\ vkSj ;g Hkh dg dj 'kq: dj ldrk gS fd 6- mu O;fDr;ksa ds uke o % fnxUrj f'k{kk ,oa [ksydwn
pfy, vkxs c<+rs gSa! ;k fQj oks vius d{kk dk;Z dh tSlh irs tks lekpkj i=k ds lfefr] VksMh jetkuhiqjk]
;kstuk cukdj vk;k gS lh/ks ml ij gh dk;Z djus yx tk,A Lokeh gksa rFkk tks leLr txriqjk] t;iqj&302017
eq>s rks ;g Hkh ;dhu gS fd dk;Z dh t:jr vkSj dk;Z ds iwath ds ,d izfr'kr ls jktLFkku
fØ;kUo;u esa gh f'k{kd vkSj cPps bruk Mwc tk,axs fd mUgsa vf/kd ds lk>snkj ;k
fdlh ckgjh lEeku dh t:jr gh eglwl ugha gksxhA tks fgLlsnkj gksaA
f'k{kd Mwcdj dke djrs gSa oks f'k{kd ges'kk lEeku ls gh ;kn
fd, tkrs gSaA u 7- eqnz.kky; dk uke % Jh jk/ks ,UVjizkbtst
irk % ,Q&23&lh 5] baMLVªh;y ,fj;k
ys[kd ifjp;% yxHkx 20 o"kksaZ ls vkjafHkd f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa] ekyoh;k uxj] t;iqj&302017
eq[; :i ls ckfydk f'k{kk dks ysdj dke dj jgs gSa vkSj jktLFkku
orZeku esa la/kku] t;iqj esa dk;Zjr gSaA
eSa jhuk nkl ,rn~ }kjk ?kks"k.kk djrh gaw fd esjh vf/kdre
tkudkjh ,oa fo'okl ds vuqlkj Åij fn, x, fooj.k
lR; gSaA

4 ekpZ] 2016 jhuk nkl

¼izdk'kd½
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 41
 ctV lkj

f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj ,oa dsUnzh; ctV

¼2016&17½
uslkj vgen

foÙk ea=kh v#.k tsVyh us dsUnzh; ctV 2016&17 is'k djrs gq, dgk fd Hkkjr ljdkj ds fy;s ^^vc
f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk vxyk cM+k dne gksus okyk gSA** ijUrq bl ctV esa f'k{kk ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk
fd, x, vkaoVu esa ,slh dksbZ izkFkfedrk fn[kkbZ ugha iM+hA fo|ky; f'k{kk rFkk lk{kjrk foHkkx dk
dqy ctV 2016&17 ds fy, 43554 djksM+ #i;s j[kk x;k gS tks o"kZ 2015&16 ¼la'kksf/kr vuqeku½ ls
ek=k 3-24 izfr'kr vf/kd gS rFkk o"kZ 2012&13 ls 2014&15 dh vof/k ds nkSjku gq, vkaoVu ls de
gh gSA ;gh ugha Hkkjr ljdkj ds dqy [kpZ ds izfr'kr ds :i esa Hkh ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=kky; dk
ctV o"kZ 2012&13 ds 4-7 izfr'kr ls ?kV dj 2016&17 esa 3-7 izfr'kr jg x;k gSA
ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=kky; dk ctV ¼djksM+ #i;s½
f'k{kk ij [kpZ ¼izfr'kr½ 2016-17… 43554 28840
6 4.7 2015-16… 42187 25399
4.6 4.1 3.8 3.7
4 2014-15 45722 23152
2
2013-14 46856 24465
0
2012-13 45631 20423

0% 50% 100%
fo|ky; f’k{kk rFkk lk{kjrk foHkkx
mPp f'k{kk foHkkx

f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj ,oa ctV

ns'k esa f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dks ykxw djus ds fy, loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku eq[; ;kstuk gSA bl ;kstuk ds fy,
fd, x, vkaoVu esa fiNys o"kZ dh vis{kk ek=k 2-2 izfr'kr dh o`f) dh xbZ gSA bl o"kZ ¼2016&17½
Hkkjr ljdkj us loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku ds fy, 22]500 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, gSa tks fiNys o"kZ
2015&16 ¼la'kksf/kr vuqeku½ esa 22]015 djksM+ #i;s FkkA vc cnys gq, iSVuZ esa loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku esa
dsUnz dk fgLlk 60 izfr'kr gS rFkk 40 izfr'kr fgLlk jkT;ksa ¼iwoksZÙkj RkFkk fgeky;h jkT;ksa dks NksM+dj½
dks nsuk gksxkA ysfdu miyC/k vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd ns'k ds ek=k 8 izfr'kr Ldwy f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj
dkuwu ds ekunaMksa ij [kjs mrjrs gSaA ,sls esa bl NksVs ls ctV ls f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dks lqfuf'pr djuk
eqf'dy gSA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
42 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa pqfuank ;kstukvksa ds fy, ctVh; vkoaVu ¼#i;s djksM+ esa½
;kstuk,a 2014-15 2015-16(BE) 2015-16(RE) 2016-17(BE)
loZ f’k{kk vfHk;ku 24,097 22,000 22,015 22,500
jk"Vªh; ek/;fed f’k{kk vfHk;ku 3,398 3,565 3,565 3,700
f’k{kd izf ’k{k.k vkSj lk{kj Hkkjr 1,158 1,397 1,203 879
enjlk vkSj vYila[;dksa dks
119 376 336 120
f’k{kk izn ku djus ds fy, ;ks tuk
dsUnzh ; fo|ky; laxBu 3,243 3,278 3,278 3,795
uoksn ; fo|ky; laxBu 2,013 2,061 2,285 2,471
feM Mss fey 10,523 9,236 9,236 9,700
tgka rd xq.koÙkk iw.kZ f'k{kk dk loky gS] ftls foÙk ea=kh us vkus okys o"kksZa esa ljdkj dk eq[; dne crk;k
gS] mlds fy, Hkh jkT; ljdkjsa eq[; :i ls loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku ij gh fuHkZj gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj ds ctV esa f'k{kdksa
ds izf'k{k.k ds fy, Ok"kZ 2016&17 esa 510 djksM+ #i;s dk izko/kku j[kk x;k gS tks o"kZ 2015&16 esa 558 djksM+
#i;s FkkA
ckfydk f'k{kk
fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa ljdkj us ckfydkvksa ds fy, csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvks] izxfr] mM+ku] vdsyh cPph ds fy,
Lokeh foosdkuUn Nk=ko`Ùkh vkfn dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA ysfdu bl ctV eas csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvks ;kstuk ds fy,
100 djksM+ #i;s NksM+dj fdlh Hkh vU; ;kstuk ds fy;s Li"V vkaoVu ugha fd;k x;k gSA
izkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dh vU; ;kstuk,a
bl ctV esa foÙk ea=kh us 62 u, uoksn; fo|ky; [kksyus dk izLrko Hkh j[kk gS] fdUrq uoksn; fo|ky; laxBu
ds ctV esa ek=k 200 djksM+ #i;s dh o`f) dh xbZ gSA tcfd dsUnzh; fo|ky; laxBu ds ctV esa djhc 500
djksM+ #i;ss dh c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA e/;kÌ Hkkstu ;kstuk ds ctV eas Hkh 500 djksM+ #i;s ls de dh c<+ksrjh gqbZ gS
rFkk 2016&17 dk e/;kÌ Hkkstu ;kstuk dk dqy ctV o"kZ 2014&15 ls de j[kk x;k gSA
dqy feykdj ,slk yxrk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj izkFkfed f'k{kk dk vf/kdrj Hkkj jkT; ljdkjksa ds da/kksa ij Mkyuk
pkgrh gSA ,slk pkSngosa foÙk vk;ksx ds ckn dsUnzh; djksa esa jkT; ljdkjksa ds c<+s fgLls ds eísutj fd;k tk jgk
gSA ijUrq ge tkurs gSa fd blds lkFk gh dsUnz ljdkj us jkT;ksa dks fn, tk jgs vuqnku rFkk vU; lgk;rk esa
dVkSrh Hkh dj nh gSA ,sls esa jkT; ljdkjsa f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dks iwjh rjg ls ykxw djus esa l{ke gksrh gSa ;k ugha
;g ,d xaHkhj iz'u gSA u
la n HkZ % lHkh vkadM+s lhchth,] ubZ fnYyh ds izdk'ku dUusfDVax n MkWV~l ,u ,ukfyfll vkWQ ;wfu;u ctV
2016&17 ls fy, x, gSaA
ys[kd ifjp;% t;iqj fLFkr ctV v/;;u jktLFkku dsUnz ¼ckdZ½ ds leUo;d gSaA

f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 43
 vuqHko

fdruk dqN fl[kkrs gSa cPps

fnfyi pq?k

;w a pyrs&pyrs viuh gh cqfu;kn esa >kad ysuk vius&vkiesa ,d vPNh fparu'khy izfØ;k ¼ Reflec-
tive Process½ gks ldrh gSA esjs fy, ;g dHkh&dHkh is'ksojkuk t:jr gksrh gS rks dHkh&dHkh vius
vk/kkj ds ,glkl dks vius esa ftUnk j[kus dh tqxrA ,slk gh dqN gksrk gS tc dHkh vius jktdh;
fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kd lkfFk;ksa ls fdUgh fopkjksa ¼tSls& lHkh cPpksa esa lh[kus dh tUetkr {kerk,a gksrh
gSa½ dks ysdj tíkstgn py jgh gksrh gS rks muds cjDl viuh gh cqfu;kn dks >d>ksjuk iM+rk gS] ;kn
djuk iM+rk gS mlds cuus rd dh izfØ;k vkSj mles yxs tksM+&rksM+] bZaV&iRFkj vkSj xkjs dksA eSa Hkh blh
f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds ijaijkxr <kaps dh mit gwa blds ckotwn ,d cM+k QdZ eglwl gksrk gS fd dSls eSa
;g lc ubZ&ubZ ckrsa ¼fcuk n.M Hk; ds d{kk] ekr`Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx] d{kk&d{k esa le`) ekgkSy½ ekuus
yxkA D;ksa ,d vyx Lrj dh Lohdk;Zrk vkSj fo'okl curk lk pyk x;k eq>esa] fd vkt eq>s
?kaVksa&?kaVksa dh tíkstgn vkSj ppkZvksa esa Fkdku vkSj cksfj;r eglwl ugha gksrhA bl ys[k esa mlds gh ,d
fgLls Hkj dh ckr gSA cgqr dqN gqvk gS bl vk/kkj ds cuus esaA 45 fnu dh igyh dk;Z'kkyk vkSj fQj
'kq#vkrh dke esa cPpksa ds lkFk ,d ubZ O;oLFkk dks LFkkfir djus esa gqvk la?k"kZ] fQj mlds ckn dh
dbZ dk;Z'kkyk,a] cSBdsa] dqN [kkl rjg dh fdrkcksa dk v/;;u] vyx&vyx rjg ds izkstsDV vkSj mlesa
dbZ nksLrksa ds lkFk foe'kZA ;kn djus ij ;s lHkh dqN ,d fQYe dh rjg eu ds LØhu ij pyrk&lk
tkrk gSA gkyafd bl cqfu;kn ds gj bZaV&iRFkj vkSj xkjs dk viuk egRo gSA ysfdu bu lcesa tks [kkl
gS oks dqN okd;s gSa tks cPpksa ds lkFk dke ds nkSjku ?kfVr gq,] ftUgksaus bu fopkjksa vkSj esjh le> ds
chp iqy dk dke fd;kA buds lkFk esjs laca/k vkSj xgjs cuk fn,A esjs bl ys[k esa ,sls gh dqN okd;ksa
dk ftØ gSA
^^xksyh [kkdj vkrh gwa**
,d ckj eSa cM+h rUe;rk ls cPpksa ds chp muds lkFk ,d xhr ^ge yksx gSa ,sls nhokus* xk jgk FkkA
cPps Hkh rUe; gksdj xhr dh iafDr;ka nksgjk jgs FksA lewg esa 1 ls ysdj 5 rd ds Lrj ds cPps FksA
bl xhr esa ,d iafDr gS ^lPpkbZ fd [kkfrj nqfu;k esa ckiw us xksyh Hkh [kk;h Fkh* ;g iafDr esjs }kjk
xkrs gh ,d cPph us eq>s chp esa gh Vksdk vkSj dgk ^^lj th eq>s cq[kkj gks jgk gS eSa cl xksyh [kkdj
vHkh vkrh gwa** eSa vokd! mls ns[krk jg x;k vkSj og mBdj pyh xbZA dSls bl cPph us laca/k tksM+k
gksxk bl xhr ds lkFk\ D;k ek;us gksaxs bl xhr ds bl cPph ds fy,\ ,sls dbZ loky ml fnu ;g
okd;k esjs fy, NksM+ x;kA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
44 ekpZ&vizSy] 2016
^MhjkZe ¼Mªe½
e ½ gS *
,d ckj cPpksa ds chp ¶yS'k dkMZ QSykdj muds ek/;e ls 'kCnksa dh igpku djok jgk FkkA bu ¶yS'k dkMksZa esa
,d rjQ fp=k Fkk vkSj nwljh vksj mudk uke fy[kk FkkA xeys dk dkMZ ,d cPph ¼mez 5&6 o"kZ½ dks fn[kkdj
eSaus iwNk ^^crk ;s D;k gS\** cPph cM+s xkSj ls mls ns[krh jghA FkksMk dkMZ dks gkFk esa ysdj b/kj&m/kj Hkh fd;kA
fQj eq>s cM+s gh lgkuqHkwfr okys Hkko ls ns[kk ¼tSls og lksp jgh gks ^^cM+s I;kj ls iwN jgk gS dqN rks lkspdj
crkuk gh gksxk**½ eSa brus le; esa eu gh eu r; dj pqdk Fkk fd ;g ugha igpku ik,xhA ysfdu og cksyhA
og cksyh fd ^^MhjkZe ¼Mªe½ gS** ;g lqudj ,d ckj rks eSa FkksM+k pkSadk vkSj eSaus fQj ls ml dkMZ dks /;ku ls
ns[kkA oks lp esa eq>s Hkh Mªe tSlk fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA fdruh dksf'k'k dh gksxh ml NksVh&lh cPph us! vius lUnHkZ
esa ekStwn fdruh phtksa ls ml ,d fp=k dks feyku djds ns[kk gksxk eu gh eu\ D;ksafd vius ^lj* ds loky
dk tokc [kkstdj nsuk gh Fkk! eq>esa fgEer ugh Fkh fd eSa mlds tokc dks xyr Bgjk ikrkA eSaus /khjs ls og
dkMZ Vksdjh esa ljdk fn;k fcuk dksbZ izfrfØ;k fd,A
^lj th eksis rks gS gh uk;*
,d fnu cPpksa ds lkFk lewg ¼oSdfYid Ldwy ds cPpksa dk lewg½ ds fu;eksa ij ppkZ dj jgk FkkA D;ksafd esjk
oSdfYid Ldwy dqN fnu igys gh 'kq: gqvk FkkA ,d csgrj O;oLFkk dks cukus ds fy, ;gh lh[kk Fkk fd lkewfgd
:i ls fu;eksa ij cPpksa ds lkFk ckrphr dh tk, vkSj ,d fnu ckrphr djrs&djrs fd D;k&D;k fu;e gksus
pkfg, dqN fu;e cu pqds FksA tSls] lHkh le; ls Ldwy vk;saxs] ,d nwljs dh ckr lqusaxs vkfnA vc vkxs pIiy
dgka vkSj dSls [kksyh tk,] bl ij ckrphr gksus yxhA bl ckrphr esa js[kk vkSj utjkuk nksuksa cfPp;ksa dk /;ku
ugha FkkA eSaus /;ku fnykus dh tqxr esa utjkuk ls iwNk fd pIiyksa ds ckjs esa D;k fu;e cuk gS tjk crkukA
cPph us cM+s bRehuku ls dgk ^^lj th eksis rks gS gh uk;** ¼esjs ikl rks pIiy gS gh ugha½! fu;eksa dh ,slh
/kfTt;ka mM+rs vkSj og Hkh bruh eklwfe;r ls] eSaus igyh ckj eglwl dhA
^^iklk**
xf.kr ds dqN [ksyksa ds fy, eSaus ,d dk;'kkZyk esa dkxt eksM+dj mlls iklk cukuk lh[kk FkkA eSaus okil vkrs
gh cPpksa ds fy, og iklk cuk;kA pwafd ikls dh jpuk izfØ;k dks cPps ns[k ugh ik, rks tc igyh ckj mUgksaus
oks iklk ns[kk rks lgt gh dqN cPpksa us iwNk ^^lj th blds vanj D;k gS\** eSaus dgk HkbZ vanj dqN Hkh ugha gSA
eSaus rks bls eksVs ls dkxt dks eksM+ dj cuk;k gSA fdlh fnu rqedks Hkh cukuk fl[kkÅaxkA bl le; rd cPpksa
dh Nqêh gks pqdh FkhA eSa vkus okys dy dh rS;kjh ds dke fuiVkus esa yxk FkkA cPps dqN nsj iklk ysdj
myV&iyV dj ns[krs jgsA eSa fy[kk&i<+h ds dke dks fuiVk dj okil vk;k rks os cPps tk pqds FksA eSa ckdh
lkeku dks bdëk dj cDls esa j[kus yxk rks ns[kk ,d vksj ls iklk dqN ;wa [kqyk gqvk Fkk tSls j.k{ks=k esa mls
ohjxfr izkIr gqbZ gksA ^^vkf[kj ns[k fy;k x;k fd rqEgkjs vanj D;k FkkA** eSua s eqLdqjkrs gq, ikls ls dgk vkSj cDls
dks rkyk yxk fn;kA
;s rks dsoy dqN >yfd;ka ek=k gSaA vkSj Hkh cgqr ls NksVs&NksVs] yEcs&yEcs fdLls gSaA ftUgsa ;kn dj fQj ls ^^lksp
¼fpUru½** esa xksrs yxkus dk eu gksrk gS vkSj eqLdqjkus dk HkhA bu lc fdLlksa ds lUnHkZ esa vge ;g Hkh gS fd
cPpksa dks ekSdk feyk Fkk viuh ckr dgus dk] loky iwNus dk] xyfr;ka djus dkA vxj bruk Hkj gks tkrk
gS vkSj ,sls fj'rs cPpksa ds lkFk cu tkrs gSa rks esjs fglkc ls vk/kk f'k{k.k&'kkL=k rks ,sls gh le> esa vk tkrk
gSA ;k cPps gh gesa le>us ij etcwj dj nsrs gSaA eSaus ik;k gS fd cPpksa dh izfrfØ;k,a] xyfr;ka] loky] bPNk,a]
vkfn ij f'k{kd vxj FkksMk Bgj dj fopkj djs rks og cgqr ls fl)karks@ekU;rkvksa ds lkFk muds rkj tksM+
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2016 45