NAME: CONEJAR MARYELLE JUHANNAH D.

SECTION: BSN 1-B

OTHER SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO

MICROBIOLOGY

Joseph Lister: By applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, he promoted the

idea of sterile portable ports while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Lister
successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical
instruments and to clean wounds, which led to a reduction in post-operative infections
and made surgery safer for patients.

Luc Montaignier: a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and
Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Ferdinand Cohn (1928–1898) is probably best known for his classification of bacteria into
four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals), which is still in
use today. He made a preliminary evaluation of the role of temperature and time in
sterilization, and discovered that some bacteria form spores. He also studied algae, first
 NAME: CONEJAR MARYELLE JUHANNAH D. SECTION: BSN 1-B

mistaking them for plants. His subsequent work established that they are two distinct
organismal types.

Martinus W. Beijerinck, in full Martinus Willem Beijerinck was the first to recognize that
viruses are reproducing entities that are different from other organisms. He also
discovered new types of bacteria from soil and described biological nitrogen fixation (the
conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonium, a form usable by plants).

Sergei Winogradsky founded microbial ecology and he was a founding father of

microbiology. In an unusually long scientific career. He discovered chemosynthesis – an
entirely new mode of life, in which the energy to build organic molecules comes from
chemical reactions rather than from sunlight in the more familiar photosynthesis. He also
invented the Winogradsky column. Also discovered and isolated nitrogen fixing bacteria
in soil that make nitrates available to green plants. Lastly, he founded microbial ecology,
where the interactions of microbes in cycles with their natural environments are studied
holistically.

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) was a medical microbiologist. In 1928, Fleming

discovered penicillin, the first form of antibiotics. He grew cultures of bacteria on petri
dishes in the hospital where he worked. A fungal spore happened to contaminate one of
 NAME: CONEJAR MARYELLE JUHANNAH D. SECTION: BSN 1-B

the bacteria cultures and grew into a fungal colony. The bacteria round the fungal colony
failed to grow as well as the bacteria on the other areas of the petri dish. From this,
Fleming deduced that a substance produced by the fungus must be slowing down the
bacteria’s growth.

Albert Jan Kluyver developed the first general model of cell metabolism in both aerobic
and anaerobic microorganisms, based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms. He was a major
exponent of the "Delft School" of classical microbiology in the tradition of Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek. Kluyver succeeded Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851–1931) as director of
the microbiology laboratory at Delft, where he spent the rest of his career. He immediately
acquired the most modern equipment and established high standards for both collegiality
and research.

René Dubos, in full René Jules Dubos, an American microbiologist, environmentalist, and
author whose pioneering research in isolating antibacterial substances from certain soil
microorganisms led to the discovery of major antibiotics. Dubos is also known for his
research and writings on a number of subjects, including antibiotics, acquired immunity,
tuberculosis, and bacteria indigenous to the gastrointestinal tract. In his later years his
interest shifted to man’s relationship to the natural environment.
 NAME: CONEJAR MARYELLE JUHANNAH D. SECTION: BSN 1-B

SOURCES:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martinus-W-Beijerinck
https://www.quora.com/Who-are-the-major-contributors-to-microbiology-what-are-their-
contributions-and-how-were-the-contributions-helpful
https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10288
https://www.famousscientists.org/sergei-
winogradsky/#:~:text=Sergei%20Winogradsky%20founded%20microbial%20ecology,un
usually%20long%20scientific%20career%2C%20he%3A&text=Invented%20the%20Win
ogradsky%20column.,nitrates%20available%20to%20green%20plants.
https://www.micropia.nl/en/discover/microbiology/Alexander-
Fleming/#:~:text=In%201928%2C%20Fleming%20discovered%20penicillin,grew%20int
o%20a%20fungal%20colony.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/medicine/medicine-biographies/albert-jan-
kluyver#:~:text=Kluyver%2C%20Albert%20Jan%20(1888%2D1956)&text=Albert%20Ja
n%20Kluyver%20developed%20the,Leeuwenhoek%20(1632%E2%80%931723).
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Dubos