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In English, a pronoun is a word (such as "you," "she" or "it") that is used instead of a noun or
noun phrase. Pronouns refer to a noun that has been mentioned already (called the antecedent) or
to a noun that does not need to be named specifically. Here are a few examples of pronouns: I,
me, he, she, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, and everybody.
A reflexive pronoun is a specific type of pronoun (like "herself," for instance), that refers back
to the subject of a sentence or clause. The English word "reflexive" is drawn from the Latin
term reflexivus, which means "to turn back or to reflect." A reflective pronoun is like a mirror
that "reflects" back to the subject of the sentence. A reflexive pronoun emphasizes that the
subject and the object of the verb are the same.
Sentences utilizing reflexive pronouns use transitive verbs. A transitive verb is a verb that can
take a direct object. In other words, the action of a transitive verb is done to someone or to
something. "Love," "eat," "teach," "buy," "open," and "catch" are some examples of transitive
verbs.
The following sentence contains a reflexive pronoun and a transitive verb:
In the sentence "Jenna taught herself to play the guitar," the word "Jenna" is the subject and the
word "herself" is the reflexive pronoun that indicates who Jenna taught to play the guitar.
"Herself" indicates that the subject receiving the action of the transitive verb (taught) is Jenna,
who is also the subject of the sentence.
Jenna taught herself to play the guitar is an example of a sentence
containing a reflexive pronoun (herself).
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of a sentence or clause and are formed by adding -
self (in the singular case) or -selves (in the plural case) to a personal pronoun or possessive
adjective. The English language utilizes six singular reflexive pronouns and three plural reflexive
pronouns, as listed below:
Singular Reflexive Pronouns (Six in Total)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
oneself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
as a direct object
as an indirect object
as a prepositional object
as an intensifier
Here are some more sample sentences in which reflexive pronouns are used as direct objects:
Jose and Marisela bought snacks for themselves to share. (The direct object is "snacks";
the indirect object is "themselves.")
Would you like to fix a picnic lunch for yourself to take on the field trip? (The direct
object is "a picnic lunch"; the indirect object is "yourself.")
about
above
across
after
against
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beside
between
by
down
during
for
from
in
inside
into
near
of
off
on
out
over
through
to
toward
under
up
with