CLINICAL DATA REPOSITORIES

Clinical Data Repositories (CDR) Types of Clinical Data Repositories

 It is in electronic or written format Repository Type Definition

Study It is a database that
 It is used to represent an aggregated collects observations
database of clinical information for a specific clinical
research study.
 It usually houses a multitude of laboratory Electronic Health It is a database of
results, diagnostic reports, and various Record observations made as
clinical documentations a result of direct health
care
 The data are readily searchable and Registry It is an observations
exportable, often because the information collected and
is gathered from standard clinical care organized for the
procedures purpose of studying or
guiding particular
 The CDR integrates physician-entered outcomes on a defined
data with data from different existing population. Associated
information systems including laboratory, studies are either
radiology, admission, and pharmacy multiple or long-term
among others and evolving over time
Warehouse It is a repository that
 It is a location where both clinical data and adds levels of
other data of interest, such as external integration and quality
data sources and financial data, are to the primary
assimilated (research or clinical)
data of a single
Clinical Data Repositories institution, to support
flexible queries for
 The clinical data repository can multiple uses. Is
successfully depict the same sample broader in application
across different points in time, from varying than a registry
sources both within and outside the health Collection It is a library of
institution heterogeneous data
sets from more
 The common kinds of available information organizations than a
in the CDR are listed below: warehouse or more
sources than a registry.
 Patient Demographics Organized to help
users find a particular
 Patient’s Primary Care Provider data set, but not to
query for data
 Medication List combined across data
sets
 Allergies Federation It is a repository
distributed across
 Hospital Inpatient Visits multiple locations,
where each location
 Emergency Department retains control over
Encounters access to its own data,
and is responsible for
 Outpatient Practice Visits making the data
comparable with the
data of other locations
 Immunizations
Multiple Views for Patient Medical Record
 Diagnoses
 The information for patients is typically
 Procedures
scattered across multiple subsystems. A
clinical data repository standardizes data
 Lab Results
from disparate sources into a cohesive
format. It comprises numerous tables,
 Social History each offering a partial view of patient
information
 Vitals
 CLINICAL DATA REPOSITORIES

 The structure of clinical data repositories

allows data to be extracted along
dimensions such as time (by year, month,
week, or day), location, or diagnosis
among many others. This data can often
be accessed in smaller units within the
same dimension. For instance, a user can
view the number of patients with having a
certain type of diagnosis, lab result, or
prescription within a year, then a month in
that year, and further into a day in that
month

Graphical Representation of Lab Results and

Vitals

 The data collected through an electronic

health record system may be retrieved at
the request of an authorized user, whether
a physician, medical technologist, nurse,
or radiologist. The electronic health record
may present patient care information as
text, tables, graphs, sounds, images, full-
motion video, or signals on an electronic
screen, phone, pager, or paper (Bronzino
and Peterson, 2014)

 Unfortunately, analyzing trends and

patterns from large data sets can be a
challenging process. This is where data
visualization, the art of representing data in
a pictorial or graphical format, becomes
useful

 The data visualization helps in simplifying

a wide array of information, and it allows
decision-makers to derive analytical results
from information presented visually.
Correlations, patterns, and trends which
might be undetected from text-based
clinical data can be revealed and
recognized with more ease because of
data visualization

 The visualization is increasingly becoming

an important tool in decision making. The
graphical representation feature of most
clinical data repositories enables scenario
analysis, which helps users use different
kinds of filters in order to change the level
of information that may be seen. Common
filters include age and gender, in order to
assess how the outcomes of a certain
intervention will be based on isolating
certain factors