AN535
Logic Powered Serial EEPROMs
Authore: Richard J. Fisher
Microchip Technology Inc.
Bruce Negley
Microchip Technolgy Inc.
Embedded applications increasingly want more
integration and power, in less space for less cost. Using
low power Serial EEPROMs (SEE) for application
firmware, lookup tables, and microcode coupled with
small footprints makes for permanent storage at
respectable savings. One additional method of saving
on the power budget is selectively powering off
components when not needed, a basic for embedded
power management. The low-power SEEs offered by
Microchip Technology Inc., offer an additional benefit,
powering the SEE from a microcontroller port. This
allows the host controller to not only manipulate the
Serial EEPROM Reads and Write, but also the periods
when it is powered off or on. Satellite communications
use this technique to save power and total dose
accumulation. We call this technique POWER PORT.
The microcontroller port must have sufficient Ioh
(source current) to sustain the voltage and current for
all memory functions, READ, ERASE, and WRITE.
Obviously, not all memory or peripheral devices could
be powered thusly, but Microchip’s SEE devices will
function in this environment.
The microcontroller, using its internal software and
hardware decision functions, determines when it needs
to communicate with the memory device, then acts
accordingly. Any standard wake-up sequence will
accomplish this task. The wake-up code needs only
power up the memory and wait for the power to become
stable before doing a read or write by driving the
POWER PORT high. Then all serial communication
executes normally. The SEEs are powered off for
additional power savings and the data or code is
utilized from RAM. Obviously, the port output must be
allowed to settle, but normal operation of the output
structures would guarantee that this would be met. The
I/O port Tpd for the Microchip PIC16C5X, is specified at
40ns maximum.
The 24LCXX and 93LCXX CMOS SEE series parts
from Microchip were designed to achieve low current
consumption across all ranges of operation.
The four primary ICC parameters for these products
are:
 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
Parameter Conditions
ICC STANDBY Not in an active operation while
VCC is supplied.
ICC READ The part is in a READ operation.
ICC PEAK The BYTE / PAGE WRITE and
WRITE ERASE operations have self
timed cycles of 10 ms. A typical of
4 ms is the actual time of the oper-
ation. This is the amount of time
when the ICC requires the most
current (PEAK WRITE). The part is
drawing STANDBY ICC during the
remaining 6ms of the cycle.
ICC AVG The avg of the PEAK WRITE ICC
WRITE and STANDBY ICC during the
self-timed 10ms write cycle.
The attached characteristic curves (Figure 1 and
Figure 2) indicate that ICC PEAK WRITE current
consumes the most current. The worst case condition
is at 6.0V and –40°C. The 24LCXX series parts draw a
typical 3.2 mA and the 93LCXX series parts draw a
typical of 2.0 mA. These low ICC characteristics offer a
unique current saving benefit for battery applications.
Figure 3 and Figure 4 illustrate the sink and source
current capabilities of the PIC16C5X family of
microcontrollers. It is clear from these characterization
curves that the microcontroller can deliver sufficient
current across all temperature ranges to power a SEE
using the POWER PORT technique.
Figure 5 shows the connection scheme for the
Microchip PIC16C54. It should be noted that not all
versions of competitive microcontrollers are capable of
powering a device in this manner and the specific data
sheets for the microcontroller being considered must be
consulted for maximum source current. The
microcontroller port must be capable of sourcing
sufficient current for the duration of the write cycle or
10ms, worse case. The peak write requirement for the
24LCXX product family is 3.2 mA at 5.5 Vdc (–40°C).
Listing A demonstrates the appropriate code
sequences when using the PIC16C54 microcontroller.
The sequences included are power control, start bit,
stop bit, send and receive bit, Tx and Rx, and a general
addressing routine.
DS00535B-page 1
AN535

FIGURE 1: TYPICAL ICC FOR 24LCXX FIGURE 2: TYPICAL ICC FOR 93CXX
24LCXX Typical Icc Peak Write (mA) 93LCXX Typical Icc Peak Write (mA)
4.0 4.0
-40°C -40°C
3.5 3.5
25°C 25°C
3.0 3.0
85°C 125°C
2.5 2.5
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
VCC VCC
24LCXX Typical Icc Avg Write (µA) 93LCXX Typical Icc Avg Write (µA)
800 800
-40°C -40°C
700 700
25°C 25°C
600 600
125°C 125°C
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
VCC VCC
24LCXX Typical Icc Read (µA) 93LCXX Typical Icc Read (µA)
800 800
-40°C -40°C
700 700
25°C 25°C
600 600
125°C 125°C
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
VCC VCC
24LCXX Typical Icc Standby (µA) 93LCXX Typical Icc Standby (µA)
16 16
-40°C -40°C
14 14
25°C 25°C
12 12
85°C 125°C
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
VCC VCC

DS00535B-page 2  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN535
FIGURE 3: PIC16C5X IOL AT 5V FIGURE 4: PIC16C5X IOH AT 5V
0
45

C
40 Max, -40° Min, 85°C

35
-10

30

C
IOH (mA)

5°
25
IOL (mA)

2
p,
-20

Ty
Typ, 25°C
20

15

Min, 85°C
10
-30

C
40°
x, -
Ma
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-40
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
VOL (Volts)
VOH (Volts)

FIGURE 5: 24LC16/PIC16C5X INTERFACE SCHEMATIC

U2
1 8
A0/WP VCC
2 7 VCC
A1 Test
3 6 10K
A2 SCL
4 5
VSS SDA
VCC 24LC16
U1
17 RA0 RB0 6
18 7
DI RA1 RB1
DIODE 1 RB2 8
RA2
R3 2 9
20K RA3 RB3
3 10
RTCC RB4
4 11
MCLR RB5
12
R2 RB6
100K 13
RB7
C2
15
OSC2/CLKOUT
16
15 pF OSC1
R3
C2 4 MHz Xtal PIC16C5X

15 pF

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00535B-page 3

AN535
The primary benefits of this application are: FIGURE 6:
• The SEE is completely powered down to save
power when the SEE is not executing an
operation. This will directly effect the total system
15µs
power consumption. This means that the SEE is in
a total quiescent state and even the standby cur- VCC
rent savings are realized, greatly increasing
5µs 10µs
usable battery life, and consequently allowing for
a more sophisticated design on the same power SCL
budget.
• The very fast 5 µs power-up time minimizes 1µs
SDA
power-up delay. Start Bit
• Since the serial operation is gated by a stable
microcontroller VOH, risk of data being corrupted
by a glitch is minimized. This, in effect, is a Many applications, especially remote or handheld data
regulated VCC supply and provides a reliable acquisition applications, where power consumption is
power source to ensure data integrity. at a premium or battery life is critical can use the
POWER PORT technique with the PICmicro™
Several cautions need to be noted:
microcontrollers and possibly other microcontrollers.
1. Gang powering multiple devices must not Remote metering applications where the
exceed the I/O port IOH or capacitive load microcontroller must wake up and report previously
specifications. stored data or periodically sample inputs, such as gas,
2. The total power requirements vs. power budget electrical, or water monitoring systems are good
must be considered, including the extra drain on examples where POWER PORT would be beneficial.
the microcontroller. Underground monitoring equipment for fuel storage
3. The microcontroller ICC max must not be and environmental monitoring systems are also
exceeded. suitable applications.
4. Normal decoupling methods must be employed.
5. The microcontroller IOH for the port in use must
not be exceeded.
Figure 6 shows a typical power on to start bit sequence.
Notice that the device is available to receive a clock at
5 µs after VCC has become stable.

DS00535B-page 4  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN535
Please check the Microchip BBS for the latest version of the source code. Microchip’s Worldwide Web Address:
www.microchip.com; Bulletin Board Support: MCHIPBBS using CompuServe® (CompuServe membership not
required).

APPENDIX A:
LIST P=16C54
;
;
; Sample test program to power up serial EEPROM
; using PIC16/17 port A, then write one byte and read same byte, then repeat forever.
;
;*******************************************************************************************
port_a equ 5h ; port 5 used for device
; address select
port_b equ 6h ; port 6 used for data and
; clock lines
eeprom equ 0ah ; bit buffer
addr equ 0ch ; address register
datai equ 0dh ; stored data input reg.
datao equ 0eh ; stored data output reg.
slave equ 0fh ; device address
; (1010xxx0)
txbuf equ 10h ; tx buffer
count equ 11h ; bit counter
bcount equ 12h ; byte counter
rxbuf equ 13h ; receive buffer
loops equ 15h ; delay loop counter
loops2 equ 16h ; delay loop counter 2
;
; Bit Assignments
;
di equ 7 ; eeprom input
do equ 6 ; eeprom output
sdata equ 7 ; data line (port_b)
sclk equ 6 ; clock line (port_b)
vcc equ 3 ; vcc for dut (port_a)
;
org 01ffh
begin goto PWRUP
org 000h
goto PWRUP
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; DELAY ROUTINE
; this routine takes the value in loops and loops that many times. Every
; increase in ‘loops’ yields approx 1 more millisecond.
; i.e., if ‘loops’ is 10 then the wait period is approx 10 milliseconds.
;
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
WAIT
;

top2 movlw .110

movwf loops2
top nop ; sit and wait
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
decfsz loops2; inner loop done?
goto top; no, go again
decfsz loops ; outer loop done?
goto top2 ; no, go again
retlw 0; yes, return from sub

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00535B-page 5

AN535
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; Start Bit Subroutine
; this routine generates a start bit
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
;
BSTART
movlw b’00111111'
tris port_b ; port b for output
bsf port_b,sdata ; set clock high
nop
nop
bsf port_b,sclk ; set clock high
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
bcf port_b,sdata ; data line goes low during high clock for start bit
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
bcf port_b,sclk ; start clock train
nop
nop
nop
retlw 0
;
; End of Subroutine
;*******************************************************************************************
;
; Stop Bit Subroutine
; this routine generates a stop bit
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
BSTOP
movlw b’00111111' ;
tris port_b ; set data/clock lines as outputs
bcf port_b,sdata ; make sure data line is low
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
bsf port_b,sclk ; set clock high
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
bsf port_b,sdata ; data goes high while clock high
; for stop bit
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
bcf port_b,sclk ; set clock low again
nop

DS00535B-page 6  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN535
nop
nop
retlw 0
;
; End of Subroutine
;*********************************************************************************
; Serial data send 1 bit from PIC16/17 to dut
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
BITOUT
movlw b’00111111' ; set data,clock as outputs
tris port_b
btfss eeprom,do
goto BIT0
bsf port_b,sdata ; output bit 0
goto CLK1 ; data line clocked low by device
;
BIT0
bcf port_b,sdata ; output bit 0
CLK1
nop
nop
bsf port_b,sclk ; set clock line high
BIT2
nop
nop
nop
nop
bcf port_b,sclk ; return clock line low
retlw 0
;
; End of Subroutine
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; Bit in routine
; this routine gets a bit of data from the part
; into the ‘eeprom’ register, bit ‘di’
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
BITIN
movlw b’10111111' ; make sdata an input line
tris port_b
bcf eeprom,di ; assume input bit low
bsf port_b,sclk ; set clock line high
nop ; just sit here a sec
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop ;
btfsc port_b,sdata ; read data line
bsf eeprom,di ; set input bit if needed
bcf port_b,sclk ; set clock line low
retlw 0 ; hit the road
;
;*******************************************************************************************
;
; Transmit Data Subroutine
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
TX
movlw .8
movwf count ; set the #bits to 8
;
TXLP
bcf eeprom,do
btfsc txbuf,7

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00535B-page 7

AN535
bsf eeprom,do ; otherwise data bit =1
call BITOUT ; serial data out
rlf txbuf ; rotate txbuf left
decfsz count ; 8 bits done?
goto TXLP ; no - go again
call BITIN ; read ack bit
;
retlw 0
; End of Subroutine
;*******************************************************************************************
; Receive data Routine
; this routine gets a byte of data from the part into ‘rxbuf’
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
RX
movlw .8 ; set # bits to 8
movwf count
clrf rxbuf ; clear receive buffer
RXLP rlf rxbuf ; rotate buffer left 1 bit
bcf rxbuf,0 ; assume bit is zero
call BITIN ; read a bit
btfsc eeprom,di ; input bit high?
bsf rxbuf,0 ; yes, set buffer bit high
decfsz count ; 8 bits done?
goto RXLP ; no, do another
bcf eeprom,do ; set ack bit = 0
call BITOUT ; to finish transmission
retlw 0
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; Power up routine
; this routine blinks the lights
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
PWRUP
movlw b’00000001'
tris port_a ; set RA0 as input, rest output
bsf port_a,vcc ; turn on power to dut
nop ; wait for dut to power up
nop
nop
nop
nop
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; Byte Write Routine
; this writes the data in “55h” to the first byte
; in the serial EEPROM.
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
;
WRBYTE
;
movlw b’10100000' ; set slave address and write mode
movwf slave
movlw b’01010101' ; set data to 55h
movwf datao
;
clrf addr ; set address to 00h
;
call BSTART ; generate start bit
movf slave,w ; get slave address
movwf txbuf ; into transmit buffer
call TX ; and send it
movf addr,w ; get word address
movwf txbuf ; into transmit buffer
call TX ; and send it
movf datao,w ; move data
movwf txbuf ; to tranmit buffer

DS00535B-page 8  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

 AN535
call TX ; and transmit it
call BSTOP ; generate stop bit
;
movlw .10
movwf loops ; set delay time to give
call WAIT ; 10 ms wait after every byte
;
; now drop through and do the read
;
;*******************************************************************************************
; READ (read routine)
; this routine reads the first address
; of the dut
;———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
READ
;
movlw b’10100000' ; set slave address and write mode
movwf slave
;
clrf addr ; set address to 00h
;
call BSTART ; generate start bit
nop
nop
movf slave,w ; get slave address
movwf txbuf ; into transmit buffer
call TX ; and send it
movf addr,w ; get word address
movwf txbuf ; into transmit buffer
call TX ; and send it
nop
nop
call BSTART ; generate start bit
nop
nop
movlw b’10100001' ; get slave address and read mode
movwf txbuf ; into transmit buffer
call TX ; and transmit it
nop
call RX ; get 8 bits of data
bsf eeprom,do
call BITOUT ; send high ack bit and then a
call BSTOP ; stop bit to end transmission from dut
nop ;
nop
nop
nop
nop
bcf port_a,vcc ; turn power to dut off
movlw .100
movwf loops
call WAIT ; wait awhile
goto PWRUP ; go do the whole thing over again
;
END

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00535B-page 9

Note the following details of the code protection feature on PICmicro® MCUs.

• The PICmicro family meets the specifications contained in the Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of PICmicro microcontrollers is one of the most secure products of its kind on the market today,
when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowl-
edge, require using the PICmicro microcontroller in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in the data sheet.
The person doing so may be engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable”.
• Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of
our product.
If you have any further questions about this matter, please contact the local sales office nearest to you.

Information contained in this publication regarding device Trademarks

applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical com-
ponents in life support systems is not authorized except with
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are con-
veyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property
rights.
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab,
KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER,
PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Tech-
nology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode
and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark

of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their

respective companies.

© 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the

U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

Printed on recycled paper.

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system

certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The
Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral
products. In addition, Microchip’s quality
system for the design and manufacture of
development systems is ISO 9001 certified.

 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

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