Actinomyces israelii

Actinomyces israelii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the genus

Actinomyces. Known to live commensally on and within humans, A. israelii is an opportunistic Actinomyces israelii
pathogen and a cause of actinomycosis. Many physiologically diverse strains of the species are known to
exist, though not all are strict anaerobes.[2] It was named after the German surgeon James Adolf Israel
(1848–1926), who studied the organism for the first time in 1878.[3]

Contents
Pathogenesis Scanning electron micrograph of
Treatment Actinomyces israelii
References
Scientific classification
External links
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Pathogenesis Class: Actinomycetia

Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by A. israelii.[4] It is a normal colonizer of the vagina,[5] colon, Order: Actinomycetales
and mouth.[6] Infection is established first by a breach of the mucosal barrier during various procedures Family: Actinomycetaceae
(dental, gastrointestinal), aspiration, or pathologies such as diverticulitis.[7] The chronic phase of this
disease is also known as the "classic phase" because the acute, early phase is often missed by health care Genus: Actinomyces
providers. This is characterized by slow, contiguous growth that ignores tissue planes and forms a sinus Species: A. israelii
tract that can spontaneously heal and recur, leading to a densely fibrotic lesion. This lesion is often
characterized as "wooden".[8] Sulfur granules form in a central purulence surrounded by neutrophils. Binomial name
This conglomeration of organisms is virtually diagnostic of A. israelii.[9] Actinomyces israelii

(Kruse 1896) Lachner-Sandoval 1898

Treatment (Approved Lists 1980)

Type strain
A. israelii is curable and can be treated with antibiotics. Both a sodium hypochlorite solution and
calcium hydroxide can be highly effective in killing A. israelii when it has caused infection in the ATCC 12102[1]

mouth.[10] CCUG 18307

CIP 103259

References DSM 43320

1. Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Actinomyces israelii" (https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/actinomyces-israelii). List JCM 12964

of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved May 11, 2022. NCTC 12972
2. Levinson, W. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 2010:McGraw Hill. Synonyms
3. Olender, Alina (2013). "The cause of Actinomyces canalictulis". Annals of Agricultural and
Environmental Medicine. 20: 742–744. "Streptothrix israeli" Kruse 1896
4. Wade, William G.; Könönen, Eija (2015-04-01). "Actinomyces and Related Organisms in Human
"Actinobacterium israeli"
Infections" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4402957). Clinical Microbiology
Reviews. 28 (2): 419–442. doi:10.1128/CMR.00100-14 (https://doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.00100-14). (Kruse 1896) Sampietro 1908
ISSN 0893-8512 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0893-8512). PMC 4402957 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4402957). PMID 25788515 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25788515).
5. Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 65. ISBN 978-0071716727.
6. "Actinomycosis: Causes, types, symptoms, and diagnosis" (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/245144.php). Medical News
Today. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
7. Valour, Florent (5 July 2014). "Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094581). Infection and Drug Resistance. 7: 183–197. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39601 (https://doi.org/10.2147%2FIDR.
S39601). PMC 4094581 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094581). PMID 25045274 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/250
45274).
8. Russo, Thomas A. (2014), Kasper, Dennis; Fauci, Anthony; Hauser, Stephen; Longo, Dan (eds.), "Actinomycosis and Whipple's Disease"
(http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1120799549), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (19 ed.), McGraw-Hill
Education, retrieved 2019-07-04
 9. Ferry, Tristan; Valour, Florent; Karsenty, Judith; Breton, Pierre; Gleizal, Arnaud; Braun, Evelyne; Chidiac, Christian; Ader, Florence;
Senechal, Agathe; Dupieux, Celine; Lustig, Sebastien; Boussel, Loic; Laurent, Frederic (2014). "Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features,
diagnosis, treatment, and management" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094581). Infection and Drug Resistance. 7:
183–197. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39601 (https://doi.org/10.2147%2FIDR.S39601). PMC 4094581 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC4094581). PMID 25045274 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25045274).
10. Barnard, D.; Davies, J.; Figdor, D. (1996–1999). "Susceptibility of Actinomyces israelii to antibiotics, sodium hypochlorite and calcium
hydroxide". International Endodontic Journal. 29 (5): 320–326. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01392.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365
-2591.1996.tb01392.x). ISSN 0143-2885 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-2885). PMID 9206415 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/920
6415).

External links
Type strain of Actinomyces israelii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase (http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=151&sub
mit=Search)

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