ILIW-ILIW,BRYAN M.

BSCRIM 21A1.
                                              
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION  
 
Prof. Jefferson Saño
  
Activity 1: Student Research
  
1. What are the differences of the past and present correctional system? 
In the past people seek vengeance on their own but right now we have the Government
justice to punish criminal from their wrongdoing. And in terms of the punishments  in  the 
past  there  are  many  corporal  punishments  that  was given  to  the  offenders including
the amputation,  beating,  shackling,  dunking  and  locking into  stocks  or 
pillories.  However, most societies settled on  flogging,  which  is  whipping  or caning. And
now we have the prisons were used more like jails, where criminals were held for  a  short 
time  while  awaiting  their  trials  or  awaiting  their  punishments. They were
correctional facilities used  for long  term confinement  of  criminals,  who  had  been
convicted of a crime and were serving a sentence. And also, these prisons have been more
modernized and been multiply to achieve the goal to ensure the safety of every individual in
the country. Like  the governments  of  the  DOJ,  the  DILG, and the  DSWD under  of  these 
are  the corrections that ensuring the safety of every individual. 
 
2.    What is the function of Correction in Philippine Criminal Justice System? 
 
Corrections is one of the imperatives, nay, pillars of criminal justice administration. It is
tasked to safe keep and to rehabilitate those convicted by the courts. It is
in corrections where the better part, which is the greater duration, of a sentenced person as
he spends the judicially prescribed penalty 
 
3.     How does the Kalantiaw Code affect the Correctional System of the Philippines? 
 
Code of Kalantiyaw, purported pre-Spanish Philippine penal code claimed to have been
written in 1433 and discovered on the island of Panay in 1614. Later research cast doubt on
the code’s “discoverer,” José E. Marco, as a peddler of historical frauds. 
Marco was a prolific writer on the history of the Philippines, although his work was rife with
errors and outright fabrications. Nevertheless, throughout the 20th century many scholars in
both the Philippines and the United States accepted Marco’s precolonial “source materials” at
face value. Chief among these was the Code of Kalantiyaw, which listed 18 orders for the
proper punishment of certain moral and social transgressions. Depending on the gravity of the
offense, punishment ranged from a light fine to being cut to pieces and thrown to crocodiles.
As early as the 1960s, historians began to question the validity of the code, but many Filipinos
continued to regard it as an important legal document. Nonetheless, in 2004 the National
Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines) declared the
Code of Kalantiyaw to be a hoax perpetrated in the early 20th century.