)
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   2 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5669-1:
   0
  : 1989
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   0 Incorporating
   0  Amendment Nos 1, 2,
   1 3 and 4 
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   2
Particleboard —
   f
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  a
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Part 1: Methods of sampling,
  c conditioning and test
  e
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  e   I
   T   S
   f    B
  o
  y
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   i
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   U
 ,
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 ,
   2 BS 5669 5669-1: -1:191989
89
   0
  :
   8
   0
   0 Committees responsible for this
   1
   0 British Standard
   2
   /
   3
   0
   / The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Timber
   3
   2 Standards Policy Committee (TIB/-) to Technical Committee TIB/14, upon
   f which the following bodies were represented:
  o
  s British Cement Association
  a
   t British Plastics Federation
  c British Woodworking Federation
  e
  r
  r Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
  o
  c Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
  n European Structural Panel Association
  o
   i Flat Roofing Contractors Advisory Board
  s
  r Furniture Industry Research Association
  e
   V International Cement Bonded Particleboard Federation
 , National Federation of Roofing Contractors
  a
  r National House-building Council
  a
Timber Research and Development Association
   M
   i Timber Trade Federation
  g
  o
   l
United Kingdom and Ireland Particleboard Association
  o Zurich Municipal Building Guarantee
  n
   k
  e   I
   T   S
   f    B
  o
  y
   t
   i
  s
  r
  e
  v
   i
  n
   U
 ,
  a
  r
  a
   M
   i
  g This British Standard, having
  o been prepared under the
   l
  o direction of the Timber
  n Standards
Standards Policy
Policy Committee,
Committee,
   k was published
published under
under the
  e authority
authority of the Board
   T of BSI and comes into effect on
   f 31 Augu
August st 1989
1989
  o
  y © BSI 02-1999
   t
   i First published February 1979  Amendments issued since publication
  s
  r First revision in Parts,  Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
  e Part
Part 1 August
August 1989
1989
  v
   i 6613 December
  n 1990
   UThe following BSI references
  : standard:
relate to the work on this 6870 December
  y 1991
  p Committee reference TIB/14
  o Draft for comment 88/13197 DC 7777 August 1993
  c
   d ISBN 0 580 17771 8 8981 June 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
  e
  s
  n
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   i
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   )
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   (
 ,
   2 BS 5669 5669-1: -1:191989
89
   0
  :
   8
   0
   0 Committees responsible for this
   1
   0 British Standard
   2
   /
   3
   0
   / The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Timber
   3
   2 Standards Policy Committee (TIB/-) to Technical Committee TIB/14, upon
   f which the following bodies were represented:
  o
  s British Cement Association
  a
   t British Plastics Federation
  c British Woodworking Federation
  e
  r
  r Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
  o
  c Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
  n European Structural Panel Association
  o
   i Flat Roofing Contractors Advisory Board
  s
  r Furniture Industry Research Association
  e
   V International Cement Bonded Particleboard Federation
 , National Federation of Roofing Contractors
  a
  r National House-building Council
  a
Timber Research and Development Association
   M
   i Timber Trade Federation
  g
  o
   l
United Kingdom and Ireland Particleboard Association
  o Zurich Municipal Building Guarantee
  n
   k
  e   I
   T   S
   f    B
  o
  y
   t
   i
  s
  r
  e
  v
   i
  n
   U
 ,
  a
  r
  a
   M
   i
  g This British Standard, having
  o been prepared under the
   l
  o direction of the Timber
  n Standards
Standards Policy
Policy Committee,
Committee,
   k was published
published under
under the
  e authority
authority of the Board
   T of BSI and comes into effect on
   f 31 Augu
August st 1989
1989
  o
  y © BSI 02-1999
   t
   i First published February 1979  Amendments issued since publication
  s
  r First revision in Parts,  Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
  e Part
Part 1 August
August 1989
1989
  v
   i 6613 December
  n 1990
   UThe following BSI references
  : standard:
relate to the work on this 6870 December
  y 1991
  p Committee reference TIB/14
  o Draft for comment 88/13197 DC 7777 August 1993
  c
   d ISBN 0 580 17771 8 8981 June 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
  e
  s
  n
  e
  c
   i
   L
   )
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   2 BS 5669-
5669-1:1
1:198
989
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   0 Contents
   1
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   2
   /
   3 Page
   0
   / Committees responsible Inside front cover
   3 Foreword iii
   2
   f Section 1. General
  o 1 Scope 1
  s
  a 2 Definitions 1
   t Section 2. Methods of sampling, conditioning and preparation
  c
  e
  r
of test specimens and determination of dimensions and mass of
  r test specimens
  o 3 Sampling 2
  c
4 Condi
Condititioni
oning
ng of
of whol
whole
e boar
boards,
ds, test
test pie
piece
cess and
and
  n
  o
   i test specimens 2
  s
  r 5 Preparation of test specimens 2
  e 6 Determination of dimensions and mass oftest specimens 2
   V Section 3. Methods of test for specific properties
 ,
  a
  r 7 Determination of dimension of boards 4
  a 8 Determination of density 6
   M 9 Determination of moisture content 6
   i
  g 10 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of
of bendi
bendingng str
stren
engt
gth
h by appl
applyiying
ng
  o
   l a load perpendicular to the plane of the board
  o (flatwise bending: modulus of rupture) 7
  n 11 Determination of modulus of elasticity 8
   k
  e   I 12 Determination of tensile strength 11
   T   S 13 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of
of pane
panell shea
shearr stre
streng
ngth
th and
and
   f    B
  o panel shear modulus 12
  y
   t
14 Determination of transverse shear strength 18
   i 15 Determination of concentrated load strength 19
  s
  r 16 Bond durability tests 19
  e
  v
   i 17 Determination of surface soundness 23
  n 18 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of res
resis
istan
tance
ce to axi
axial
al with
withdra
drawawall
   U of wood screws inserted in the face or edge of 
 , the board (face and edge screw holding) 23
  a
  r 19 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of incr
increa
ease
se in mas
masss (wa
(water
ter
  a absorption) and thickness (swelling) due to
   M general absorption of water 24
   i
  g 20 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of
of chan
changegess in len
lengt
gth,
h, thic
thickn
knesesss
  o
   l and mass after conditioning at 35 % r.h. and
  o 85 % r.h. 25
  n
   k 21 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of resi
resista
stancncee to
to impa
impact ct
  e (impact strength) 28
   T 22 Determination of extractable formaldehyde 31
   f
  o 23 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of
of rela
relativ
tive
e cree
creep,p, frac
fractio
tiona
nall
  y
   t recovery and permanent set 31
   i
  s
  r
24 Determination of compression strength 34
  e 25 Determination of grit content 34
  v
   i 26 Deter
De termin
minat
atio
ion
n of
of perf
perfor
orma
manc ncee of
of flo
floor
oring
ing
  n boards: large scale test 35
   U 27 Dete
De term
rmin
inati
ation
on of
of mois
moistur
turee resi
resista
stanc
ncee unde
underr
  :
  y cyclic exposure 39
  p  Appendix A Cross-references for the test methods and the
  o
  c requirements specified in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4 40
   d
  e
  s
  n © BSI 02-1999 i
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   2 BS 5669
5669-1:
-1:19
1989
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   3  Appendix B Guidance on the use of quality control charts
   2 and methods of sampling for certain properties 41
   f
  o Figure 1 — Measurement of length and width using a
  s sliding caliper 3
  a
   t Figure 2 — Measurement of edge straightness 4
  c Figure 3 — Measurement of squareness of boards 5
  e
  r Figure 4 — Measuring points on the test specimen for
  r
  o determination of density 6
  c Figure 5 — Method of supporting test specimens under load 9
  n Figure 6 — Load-deflection curve for modulus of elasticity 9
  o
   i
  s
  r
Figure 7 — Test specimen for determination of modulus
of elasticity in tension 10
  e
   V Figure 8 — Apparatus for determination of tensile strength
 , perpendicular to the plane of the board 13
  a
  r Figure 9 — Test specimen and apparatus for determination
  a of panel shear properties for boards of thickness
   M up to and including 25 mm 14
   i
  g Figure 10 — Jig for location of reinforcing pads 15
  o
   l Figure 11 — Test specimen and apparatus for determination
  o of panel shear properties for boards of thickness over 25 mm 16
  n
   k Figure 12 — Shearing tool for determination of transverse
  e   I shear strength 18
   T   S Figure 13 — Support arrangement for concentrated load test 20
   f    B
  o Figure 14 — Stirrups for supporting the test specimen and
  y
   t
applying a load to the screw head 24
   i Figure 15 — Metal fixture for measuring change in length 27
  s
  r Figure 16 — Position of impact test for testing jointed boards 28
  e
  v
   i Figure 17 — General view of impact test apparatus 29
  n Figure 18 — Impact test: supporting frame for test specimen
   U and test apparatus 30
 ,
  a
  r
Figure 19 — End points of failure in impact test 31
  a Figure 20 — Figure deleted 36
   M Figure 21 — Jig for applying load for static bending and
   i creep tests with test specimen in position 32
  g Figure 22 — Measurement of width and length of test
  o
   l specimens for determination of relative creep,
  o
  n fractional recovery and permanent set 33
   k Figure 23 — Layout of flooring members 37
  e
   T Figure 24 — Typical large-scale flooring test arrangement 38
   f Table 1 — Table deleted 36
  o
Table 2 — Test methods required for the requirements
  y
   t
   i specified in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4 40
  s
  r Table 3 — Factors based on BS 600 42
  e
  v
   i Publications referred to Inside back cover
  n
   U
  :
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-1:198
1989
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   1
Foreword
   0
   2
   /
   3 BS 5669 has been prepared under the direction of the Timber Standards Policy
   0
   / Committee. This revision supersedes BS 5669:1979, which is withdrawn.
   3
   2 Since BS 5669:1979 was published, the range of particleboards available has
   f continued to grow. The format of the 1979 edition, which covered only four board
  o types, did not permit the expansion necessary to include additional types of
  s particleboard and this revision therefore comprises a series of Parts of BS 5669
  a as follows.
   t
  c  — Part
 — Part 1: Method of sampling, conditioning and test;
  e
  r
  r  — Part
 — Part 2: Specification for wood chipboard;
  o  — Part
 — Part 3: Specification for oriented strand board
board (OSB);
  c
 — Part
 — Part 4: Specification for cement bonded particleboard;
particleboard;
  n
  o
   i  — Part
 — Part 5: Code of practice
practice for the selection and application
application of particleboards for
  s
  r specific purposes.
  e The methods of sampling, conditioning and test given in this Part of BS 5669 are
   V derived from the now withdrawn BS 1811 and BS 2604, and from Appendix A and
 ,  Appendix B of BS 5669:1979.
  a
  r Many of the test methods from Appendix A of BS 5669:1979 have been retained,
  a
but the inclusion of a new structural grade of wood chipboard (C5) in BS 5669-2
   M
   i and the additional type of material specified in BS 5669-4 has required the
  g development of further methods given in this Part of BS 5669. The deletion of
  o
   l types C3 and C4 wood chipboard from BS 5669-2 and their replacement by types
  o C3(M) and C4(M) has also required the addition of a further test method,
  n
   k clause 27,
27, Determination of moisture resistance under cyclic exposure,
exposure,  to this
  e   I Part. Determination of some board properties, e.g. fire properties, is made using
   T   S methods already given in other British Standards, and in such cases
   f    B cross-references are given in the appropriate clauses of BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4.
  o
  y
   t
Not all the methods of test given in this Part of BS 5669 are called up in
   i BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4. They are given, however, because they have been found
  s
  r useful for purposes of development and research and, in some cases, for
  e comparison of particleboards with other wood-based panel products. To enable
  v
   i the user to distinguish between the tests in BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4, they are
  n listed in Appendix A, which also indicates tests introduced for the first time in
   U this Part
Part of BS 5669.
 ,
  a
  r The test methods for assessing particleboards given in this Part of BS 5669 can
  a be applied to all the board types specified in BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4, thus
permitting direct comparison of property levels among all particleboards. Grade
   M
   i stresses and moduli derived from the specification for type C5 boards in
  g BS 5669-2 are included in BS 5268-2.
  o
   l In this revision attention has been paid to comparability and equivalence of test
  o methods with ISO1)and European (CEN2)) standards, and also the
  n
   k recommendations of Technical Committee TIB/26 for uniformity of methods of
  e test for plywood, fibre building boards and particleboards.
   T
   f The question of providing precision data for the methods of test has been
  o considered by the Technical Committee responsible for this standard, but it is
  y
   t deemed that such data are not applicable to nonhomogeneous materials.
   i
  s
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  v
   i
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   U
  :
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  p
  o
  c 1)
ISO = International Organization for Standardization.
   d 2)
CEN = European Committee for Standardization.
  e
  s
  n © BSI 02-1999 iii
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   2 BS 5669-1:1989
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   3
   0
   /  A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
   3 contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
   2
   f Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
  o from legal obligations.
  s
  a
   t
  c
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  r
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   T   S
   f    B
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   T
   f
  o
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   t
   i
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  v
   i
  n
Summary of pages
   U
  : This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
  y pages 1 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.
  p
  o This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
  c amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
   d the inside front cover.
  e
  s
  n iv © BSI 02-1999
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   1
Section 1. General
   0
   2
   /
   3 1 Scope 2 Definitions
   0
   /
   3 This Part of BS 5669 describes methods for the For the purposes of this Part of BS 5669 the
   2 selection of boards and the sampling and definitions given in BS 6100-4.3 apply together with
   f conditioning of such boards and of test pieces, the following.
  o
methods for the preparation of test specimens from
  s 2.1
  a such test pieces and methods of test for determining lot
   t specific board properties.
  c quantity of boards manufactured or produced under
  e
  r
 Appendix A gives cross-references for the test
conditions that are presumed uniform
  r methods and the requirements specified in
  o BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4. 2.2
  c test board
 Appendix B gives guidance on the use of quality
  n board required for testing or to provide test
  o
   i
control charts and methods of sampling.
specimens
  s
  r
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard
are listed on the inside back cover. NOTE Test boards may be of any size of whole boards available,
  e or may consist of 600 mm widths cut from boards at right angles
   V to the direction of production.
 ,
  a
  r
2.3
test piece
  a
   M piece cut from a test board
   i 2.4
  g
  o
   l test specimen
  o piece cut from a test piece to comply with the
  n dimensions required for any of the appropriate tests
   k
  e   I
   T   S
   f    B
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   0 Section 2. Methods of sampling, conditioning and
   0
   1 preparation of test specimens and determination of
   0
   / dimensions and mass of test specimens
   2
   3
   0
   /
   3 3 Sampling 4 Conditioning of whole boards, test
   2 3.1 Methods of sampling (excluding for pieces and test specimens
   f
  o determination of extractable formaldehyde) Whole boards, test pieces and test specimens
  s NOTE Guidance on the use of quality control charts for random selected in accordance with clause 3 shall be
  a sampling during manufacture is given in Appendix B. conditioned to constant mass in an atmosphere
   t When a consignment (lot) is to be tested (for
  c of 20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5 % r.h. (or 45 ± 5 % r.h. in the
  e
  r example for compliance of one or more properties case of the formaldehyde test described in
  r with the mean quality levels for a particular board clause 22).
  o type) the sample shall consist of six boards t aken at NOTE Constant mass is considered to be attained when two
  c
random from the lot. Six test pieces shall be selected successive weighings carried out at an interval of 24 h do not
  n at random from each board. differ by more than 0.1 % of the mass of the board, test piece or
  o
   i test specimen.
  s
  r
  e 3.2 Method of sampling for determination of 5 Preparation of test specimens
   V extractable formaldehyde Test specimens shall be cut from test pieces that
 ,
  a 3.2.1 For quality control. At appropriate intervals,
  r three test pieces selected by random sampling
have been conditioned to constant mass in
accordance with clause 4. The dimensions and/or
  a mass shall be as required for the appropriate test
   M (see B.2) shall be cut from a single board. Each test
   i piece shall be conditioned in accordance with method. All edges shall be at right angles to the
  g clause 4 and further subdivided to provide a mass of board surface.
  o test specimens as required by clause 22. The three
   l
  o groups of test specimens shall be placed in a 6 Determination of dimensions and
  n container and mixed thoroughly. A quantity of test mass of test specimens
   k
  e   I
specimens having a mass of 160 g to 170 g shall be
   T   S
taken from the mixed sample for each test.
6.1 Apparatus
   f    B 6.1.1 General. Where the accuracy of the apparatus
  o 3.2.2 For consignment (lot) testing. The procedure is specified, the apparatus shall be periodically
  y
   t
described in 3.2.1 shall be followed except that the
calibrated.
   i sample shall consist of three boards taken at
  s
  r random. Three test pieces selected in accordance 6.1.2 Micrometer, having flat and parallel
  e with 3.1 shall be taken from each board and measuring surfaces 16 ± 1 mm diameter and means,
  v
   i conditioned in accordance with clause 4. The such as a weight, spring or slipping clutch, to apply
  n appropriate quantity of test specimens shall then be a pressure of approximately 0.02 N/mm 2 to the
   U cut and mixed in accordance with 3.2.1. A sample measuring surfaces. It shall be graduated to allow
 , of 160 g to 170 g of test specimens shall be taken readings to an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
  a
  r from the mixed samples for the determination of
  a extractable formaldehyde.
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   3 6.1.3 Sliding caliper, with jaws not less
   0
   / than 3.5 mm thick and graduated to allow readings
   3 to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
   2
   f 6.1.4 Steel rule, graduated in divisions of 1.0 mm.
  o 6.1.5 Balance, capable of determining mass to the
  s
  a nearest 0.01 g.
   t 6.2 Procedure
  c
  e
  r 6.2.1 Length and width. Measure the width and
  r length of the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm
  o
  c or 1.0 mm, as appropriate to the test method, using
either the sliding caliper (6.1.3) or the steel
  n
  o
   i
rule (6.1.4). When using the sliding caliper, apply
  s
  r
the jaws slowly to the edge of the test specimen at an
angle of approximately 45°, as shown in Figure 1,
  e and record the result.
   V
 , 6.2.2 Thickness. Apply the micrometer (6.1.2) to the
  a
  r test specimen at the point(s) indicated in the Figure 1 — Measurement of length and width
  a appropriate test method. The thickness at each using a sliding caliper
   M point shall be expressed to the nearest 0.01 mm, or
   i the mean thickness shall be calculated and recorded
  g
  o
   l
from two or more measurements as required by the
test method.
  o
  n 6.2.3 Mass. Weigh the test specimen to the
   k
  e   I nearest 0.1 g, using the balance (6.1.5) and record
   T   S the result.
   f    B
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   0 Section 3. Methods of test for specific properties
   1
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   / 7 Determination of dimensions of 7.2.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   3 boards mean of the six measurements shall be calculated
   0
   / and the board thickness shall be expressed to the
   3 7.1 Determination of length and width nearest 0.05 mm.
   2
   f 7.1.1 Principle. Whole boards are measured with a 7.3 Determination of edge straightness
  o metal tape or rule.
  s 7.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be whole 7.3.1 Principle. A metal straight edge is applied to
  a boards of any size as supplied by the manufacturer the edge of the board and the deviation of the board
   t edge from the straight edge is measured using a
  c and conditioned in accordance with clause 4. steel rule (see Figure 2).
  e
  r
  r 7.1.3 Apparatus 7.3.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
  o 7.1.3.1 General. The apparatus shall be periodically accordance with 7.1.2.
  c calibrated.
  n 7.3.3 Apparatus
  o
   i 7.1.3.2 Steel tape or rule, of sufficient length to 7.3.3.1 Steel rule graduated in 0.5 mm divisions.
  s measure the greatest dimension of the test
  r specimen, graduated to allow a reading to an 7.3.3.2 Metal straight edge.
  e 7.3.4 Procedure. Apply the metal straight
   V accuracy of 1.0 mm.
 , 7.1.4 Procedure. Apply the steel tape or edge (7.3.3.2) to each edge of the board in turn, as
  a
  r rule (7.1.3.2) to each edge of the board in turn on a shown in Figure 2. Measure the maximum gap(s)
  a line approximately 25 mm from, and parallel to, the between the straight edge and the board, using the
   M edge. Measure each edge to the nearest 1 mm and steel rule (7.3.3.1), and record the result to the
   i record the results. nearest 0.5 mm.
  g
  o 7.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   l
7.3.5 Expression of results. The maximum deviation
from a straight line connecting the corners of the
  o mean of the two pairs of length and width
  n measurements shall be calculated and expressed to board shall be expressed in millimetres per metre,
   k the nearest 1.0 mm as the length and width of the to the nearest 1 mm. The result shall be
  e   I
   T   S
board. designated (+) if the edge is convex or (–) if the edge
   f    B is concave.
  o 7.2 Determination of thickness 7.4 Determination of squareness
  y
   t 7.2.1 Principle. Whole boards are measured using a
   i micrometer. 7.4.1 Principle. Deviations from the inner edges of a
  s
  r 7.2.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in try square are measured (see Figure 3).
  e accordance with 7.1.2. 7.4.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
  v
   i accordance with 7.1.2.
  n 7.2.3 Apparatus
   U 7.2.3.1 General. The apparatus shall be periodically 7.4.3 Apparatus
 , 7.4.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  a
  r
calibrated.
apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  a 7.2.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. periodically calibrated.
   M 7.2.4 Procedure. Apply the micrometer (7.2.3.2) to
   i three points, selected at random, along the long 7.4.3.2 Steel rule as described in 7.3.3.1.
  g 7.4.3.3 Try square with arms not less than 1.0 m in
  o edges of the board and approximately 25 mm from
   l the edge. Measure the thickness to the length and an accuracy of ± 0.2 mm/m.
  o
  n nearest 0.05 mm and record the results. 7.4.3.4 Metal straight edges.
   k
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   d Figure 2 — Measurement of edge straightness
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   3 7.4.4 Procedure. Apply the try square (7.4.3.3) to 7.4.5 Expression of results. The maximum deviation
   0
   / each corner of the board in turn, as shown between the try square and the edge of the board at
   3 in Figure 3(a). any one corner shall be expressed to the
   2
   f The 45° line shall coincide with the corner being nearest 0.5 mm per metre length as the squareness
  o measured (point A) and one arm of the try square of the board. The designations (+) shall be given if
  s shall be coincident with the longer edge of th e board. the angle is greater than 90° and (–) if the angle is
  a less than 90°.
   t Measure the maximum deviation between the try
  c square and the edge of the board at point B to the
  e
  r nearest 0.5 mm using the steel rule (7.4.3.2). If the
  r
  o side lengths of the board exceed 1 m, use the try
  c square in conjunction with two straight edges as
  n shown in Figure 3(b). Make measurements as
  o
   i previously described in this paragraph.
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   T   S
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  : Figure 3 — Measurement of squareness of boards
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   3 7.5 Determination of flatness (only applicable to 8.4 Procedure
   0
   / boards greater than 10 mm in thickness)
   3 Measure the thickness of the test specimen in
   2 7.5.1 Principle. The deviation of the board surface accordance with 6.2.2 at the four points shown in
   f from a cord or metal straight edge in contact with Figure 4 using the micrometer (8.3.2). Record the
  o both arrises and parallel to either the long edge or mean of the four values as the thickness of the test
  s short edge is measured. Twist is determined specimen.
  a
   t similarly, but along the diagonals of the board. Measure the length and width of the test specimen
  c 7.5.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in in accordance with 6.2.1 using the sliding
  e
  r
  r accordance with 7.1.2. caliper (8.3.3).
  o 7.5.3 Apparatus Calculate the volume of the test specimen.
  c
Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g.
  n 7.5.3.1 Steel rule as described in 7.3.3.1.
  o 7.5.3.2 Metal straight edge or thin cord.
   i 8.5 Calculation and expression of results
  s
  r 7.5.4 Procedure. Stand the test specimen upright on The density of the test specimen r (in kg/m3) shall be
  e a horizontal floor, so that it is unrestrained , with the calculated from the equation
   V shorter edges vertical. Place the straight
 , edge (7.5.3.2) (or stretch the thin cord) vertically M  6
  a
  r across the test specimen so that it touches both
r = ------ 10
V 
  a arrises at points approximately 25 mm from one where
   M end.
   i
  g Measure the maximum distance between the M  is the mass of the test specimen (in g);
  o straight edge or cord and the board surface to the
   l V  is the volume of the test specimen (in mm 3).
  o nearest 1 mm, using the steel rule (7.5.3.1). Repeat
  n
   k this procedure at the centre of the test sp ecimen and NOTE The density of the board may be calculated from the
  e   I
at the opposite end. Record the maximum deviation mean of the densities of all the test specimens taken from that
   T   S
found at any point to the nearest 1 mm. board and expressed to the nearest 10 kg/m 3.
   f    B
  o NOTE This method measures curvature across the board
width. Curvature in the length of the board may be similarly
  y
   t
   i measured by placing the straight edge or cord parallel to the
  s longer dimension. Twist can be measured as deviation from a line
  r connecting the diagonally opposite corners of the test specimen.
  e 7.5.5 Expression of results. The maximum curvature
  v
   i
  n in width and length or twist shall be expressed to
   U the nearest 1 mm.
 ,
  a
  r 8 Determination of density
  a 8.1 Principle
   M Density is determined from the calculated volume of
   i
  g the test specimen and its mass.
  o 8.2 Test specimens
   l
  o
  n Test specimens shall be 100 mm square × board
   k thickness and shall be conditioned and prepared in
  e accordance with clauses 4 and 5. Figure 4 — Measuring points on the test
   T specimen for determination of density
   f 8.3 Apparatus
  o
  y 8.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the apparatus 9 Determination of moisture content
   t
   i is specified, the apparatus shall be periodically
  s
  r calibrated.
9.1 Principle
  e 8.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. The loss in mass of a test specimen dried to constant
  v
   i mass at 103 ± 2 °C is determined.
  n 8.3.3 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3. 9.2 Test specimens
   U 8.3.4 Balance as described in 6.1.5.
  : Test specimens shall be 100 mm square × board
  y thickness.
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   3 9.3 Apparatus 10 Determination of bending strength
   0
   /
   3 9.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the apparatus by applying a load perpendicular to
   2 is specified, the apparatus shall be periodically the plane of the board (flatwise
   f calibrated. bending: modulus of rupture)
  o
9.3.2 Balance, as described in 6.1.5.
  s NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
  a 9.3.3 Air circulating oven, capable of maintaining an along the length of the original board and across its width. Where
   t internal temperature of 103 ± 2 °C.
it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets o f test
  c specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
  e
  r 9.3.4 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
  r chloride or silica gel. should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
  o 10.1 Principle
  c 9.4 Procedure
  n Weigh each test specimen and record the mass to
 A load is applied at the centre of a test specimen
  o
   i the nearest 0.1 g in accordance with 6.2.3.
resting on two supports. The load is increased until
  s
  r NOTE 1 Test specimens should be cut and weighed as quickly
fracture occurs.
  e as possible after sampling. 10.2 Test specimens
   V Place the test specimens in the air circulating
 , Test specimens shall be conditioned and prepared
  a
  r
oven (9.3.3) at 103 ± 2 °C, ensuring that they are in accordance with clauses 4 and 5. They shall
separated by at least 25 mm on all sides. Dry the
  a test specimens to constant mass, cool in the
be 100 mm wide, with a length of 25 T  + 25 mm to
the nearest 25 mm, where T  is the nominal
   M
   i desiccator (9.3.4), reweigh and record the mass to thickness of the board (in millimetres), but shall not
  g the nearest 0.1 g. exceed a length of 1 025 mm.
  o
   l NOTE 2 Constant mass is considered to be attained when two
10.3 Apparatus
  o successive weighings carried out at an interval of not less
  n than 6 h do not differ by more than 0.1 % of the mass.
10.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   k NOTE 3 Test specimens should be cooled to approximately
  e   I room temperature in the desiccator before weighing. apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   T   S 9.5 Calculation and expression of results
periodically calibrated.
   f    B 10.3.2 Micrometer, as described in 6.1.2.
  o The moisture content of the test specimen v,
  y
   t expressed as a percentage by mass, shall be 10.3.3 Sliding caliper, as described in 6.1.3.
   i 10.3.4 Testing machine, fitted with adjustable
  s
  r
calculated from the equation
supports as shown in Figure 5, capable of applying
  e ( M h – M o ) sufficient load to cause the test specimen to fail. The
  v
   i
ω = ----------------------------- 100
M o machine shall comply with the requirements for
  n repeatability and accuracy specified for grade 1.0
   U where
 , in BS 1610-1.
  a
  r M h is the mass of the test specimen before drying 10.4 Procedure
  a (in g); 10.4.1 Mark the midpoints of each long edge and
   M measure the width of the test specimen between
   i M o is the mass of the test specimen after drying
  g to constant mass (in g). these points in accordance with 6.2.1. Record the
  o
   l width to the nearest 1.0 mm.
  o The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 %. Measure the thickness of the test specimen at the
  n
   k mid-length, about 20 mm from each edge, in
  e accordance with 6.2.2 and record the mean of the
   T two values as the thickness of the test specimen to
   f the nearest 0.1 mm.
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   3 10.4.2 Support the test specimen on parallel 11.1.3 Apparatus
   0
   / cylindrical metal rollers at a distance apart of 25 T 
   3 to the nearest 25 mm, where T  is the nominal 11.1.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   2 thickness of the board (in millimetres), and not apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   f periodically calibrated.
  o exceeding a length of 1 000 mm, and apply the load
11.1.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2.
  s via a similar bar positioned at centre span, as shown
  a in Figure 5(a). The metal rollers shall be free to 11.1.3.3 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
   t rotate on ball, or other, bearings. Set the cross head
  c 11.1.3.4 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4.
  e
  r
speed to approximately 5 mm/min and continue 11.1.3.5 Dial micrometer or displacement
  r loading until the maximum applied load is attained . transducer, capable of measuring to 0.01 mm.
  o Record the maximum applied load (in newtons) to
  c the nearest 5 N or 1 %, whichever is the greater. 11.1.4 Procedure.Determine the width and
  n thickness of the test specimen in accordance
  o 10.5 Calculation and expression of results
   i with 10.4.1.
  s
  r The bending strength P  (in N/mm ) shall be
2
Support the test specimen in accordance with 10.4.2
  e calculated from the equation and as shown in Figure 5. Set the cross head speed
   V of the testing machine (11.1.3.4) at
 , 3WY 
 P  = ---------------
  a
  r 2 BT 
2 approximately 5 mm/min and apply an increasing
load to the test specimen. Measure the vertical
  a where deflection S  as shown in Figure 5(b) at midspan
   M
   i W  is the maximum applied load for the test relative to the two positions of support. Increase the
  g specimen (in N); load up to one-third of the anticipated failing load of
  o
   l Y  is the span between the centres of supports
the test specimen.
  o When using machines that automatically plot
  n (in mm);
   k  B is the width of the test specimen (in mm); load-deflection, the deflection recorded shall be that
  e   I T  is the mean thickness of the test specimen of the test specimen and shall not include
   T   S indentation or movement within the loading head,
   f    B (in mm).
  o linkages and test specimen support.
  y
   t
NOTE Where the supply of material is limited, bending
Construct a load-deflection curve for the data
   i strength may be determined on the test specimens used to
obtained, as shown in Figure 6.
  s determine modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, 100 mm lengths
  r cut from the failed bending strength specimens, remote from the 11.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  e point of failure, may be used fo r the determination of density
  v and/or moisture content.
   i
modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the plane of
  n The result shall be expressed to the the board in bending E m (in N/mm2) shall be
   U nearest 1 N/mm2. calculated from the equation
 , 3
  a
  r 11 Determination of modulus of
Y  D W 
E m = --------------------------
  a elasticity 4 BT  D S 
3

   M where
   i NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
  g along the length of the original board and across its width. Where Y  is the span between the centres of sup ports
  o it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets of test
   l (in mm);
  o specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
  n should havetheitsmaximum
parallel to strength dimension and the other DW  is the increment in load on the straight
   k major axis at right angles to that dimension.
line portion of the load deflection curve
  e 11.1 Determination of modulus of elasticity
   T perpendicular to the plane of the board in (in N) (see Figure 6);
   f  B is the width of the test specimen (in mm);
  o bending
  y 11.1.1 Principle. A load is applied at the centre of a
   t
T  is the mean thickness of the test specimen
   i test specimen resting on two supports and the (in mm);
  s
  r deflection of the test specimen for a given load is DS  the increment in deflection corresponding
  e measured.
  v
   i to DW  increment in load (in mm).
  n 11.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
The result shall be expressed to the
   U accordance with 10.2.
  : nearest 10 N/mm2.
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   f    B
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  v
   i Figure 5 — Method of supporting test specimens under load
  n
   U 11.2 Determination of modulus of elasticity
 , parallel to the plane of the board in tension
  a
  r
  a 11.2.1 Principle. A tensile load is applied to a test
specimen and the extension of the test specimen for
   M
   i a given load is measured.
  g 11.2.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be the
  o
   l full thickness of the board, of the form shown in
  o
  n Figure 7(a), conditioned and prepared in accordance
   k with clauses 4 and 5.
  e NOTE Test specimens may be shaped using a template in
   T conjunction with a vertical spindle moulder.
   f
  o 11.2.3 Apparatus
  y
   t 11.2.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   i
  s
  r
apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
periodically calibrated.
  e
  v
   i 11.2.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
  n Figure 6 — Load-deflection curve for 11.2.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4,
   U modulus of elasticity fitted with wedge-grips to hold the test specimen.
  :
  y The grips shall be attached to the test m achine cross
  p heads with universal joints, to ensure alignment of
  o the load with the axis of the test specimen.
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   3 NOTE As an alternative to wedge-grips, the test specimen may 11.2.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   0
   / be attached to the universal joints via 10 mm diameter metal
modulus of elasticity in tension E t (in N/mm2) shall
   3 specimens
pins, inserted through holes drilled in the ends of the test
be calculated from the equation
   2 as shown in Figure 7(b).
   f 11.2.3.4 Displacement transducers having a D W  L
  o resolution of 0.001 mm. E t = ------------ -------g
  s 11.2.4 Procedure. Measure the width and thickness D L g  A
  a
   t of the test specimen, at the midpoint of the reduced where
  c cross section, to the nearest 0.1 mm, using the Lg is the gauge length of the test specimen
  e
  r
  r sliding caliper (11.2.3.2). Calculate the 2 (in mm);
  o cross-sectional area to the nearest 1 mm .  A is the cross-sectional area of the test
  c Place the test specimen in the testing
  n machine (11.2.3.3), using either wedge-grips or specimen (in mm2);
  o metal pins, as described in 11.2.3.3. Adjust the cross
   i DW  is the increment in load on the straight
  s
  r head speed of the testing machine to line portion of the load-extension curve
  e approximately 1.0 mm/min. (in N);
   V
 , Measure the elongation of the test specimen on DLg is the increment of extension of the gauge
  a
  r opposite faces within the 75 mm gauge length length (Lg) corresponding to DW  (in mm).
  a (see Figure 7(a). The displacement signal should be
The result shall be expressed to the
   M fed to a suitable load-deflection recorder so that a nearest 10 N/mm2.
   i load-deflection curve can be produced. The method
  g of connection should ensure that the deflection is 11.3 Determination of modulus of elasticity
  o derived from the mean of the two signals.
   l parallel to the plane of the board in
  o
  n compression
   k
  e   I 11.3.1 Principle. An increasing compressive load is
   T   S applied to a test specimen and the compression of
   f    B the test specimen as the load increases is measu red.
  o 11.3.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be
  y
   t
   i cuboid, of width and thickness T  and length 4T ,
  s
  r where T  is the nominal thickness of the board, and
  e shall be conditioned and prepared in accordance
  v
   i with clauses 4 and 5.
  n 11.3.3 Apparatus
   U
 , 11.3.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  a
  r apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  a periodically calibrated.
   M 11.3.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
   i
  g 11.3.3.3 Testing machine, as described in 10.3.4,
  o
   l fitted with flat, parallel loading surfaces with
  o diameter or side length of at least 75 mm.
  n
   k 11.3.3.4 Displacement transducers having a
  e resolution of 0.001 mm.
   T 11.3.4 Procedure. Measure the width and thickness
   f
  o of the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm using the
  y
   t
sliding caliper (11.3.3.2). Calculate the
   i cross-sectional area to the nearest 1.0 mm2.
  s
  r Place the test specimen between the loading
  e
  v
   i
surfaces of the testing machine (11.3.3.3), with its
length vertical. Adjust the cross head speed of the
  n
   U testing machine to approximately 1.0 mm/min.
  : Figure 7 — Test specimen for determination
  y
  p of modulus of elasticity in tension
  o
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  n 10 © BSI 02-1999
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   3  Attach the transducers to the midpoint of a cent ral Place the test specimen in the testing machine,
   0
   / gauge length of 2.8 T  (where T  is the thickness of the using either wedge-grips or metal pins, as described
   3 board in millimetres). Apply an increasing in 11.2.3.3.
   2
   f compressive load to the test specimen and measure  Adjust the cross head speed of the testing machine
  o the cross head displacement, using the to approximately 1 mm/min. Apply a continuously
  s transducers (11.3.3.4), up to one-third of the increasing load until the maximum applied load is
  a anticipated failing load of the test specimen. attained. Record the maximum applied load of the
   t
  c Plot a load-compression curve as described test specimen to the nearest 10 N but ignore the
  e
  r in 11.2.4. results of test specimens that fail outside the
  r parallel throat section [see Figure 7(a)].
  o 11.3.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  c modulus of elasticity in compression E c (in N/mm2) 12.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  n shall be calculated from the equation tensile strength of the test specimen parallel to the
  o
   i D WL
plane of the board J 1 (in N/mm 2) shall be calculated
  s
  r E c = ------------------g from the equation
D L g A
  e W 
   V where
J 1 = -----
 A
 ,
  a
  r Lg is the gauge length calculated as 2.8 × test where
  a specimen thickness (T ) (in mm); W  is the maximum applied load for the test
   M  A is the cross-sectional area (in mm ); 2 specimen (in N);
   i
  g DW  is the increment in load on the straight  A is the cross-sectional area of the test
  o
   l line portion of the load-compression curve specimen (in mm2).
  o (in N);
  n
   k The result shall be expressed to the
  e   I DLg is the reduction of the gauge length nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
   T   S corresponding to DW  increase in load
12.2 Determination of tensile strength
   f    B (in mm).
  o perpendicular to the plane of the board
  y
   t
The result shall be expressed to the (internal bond strength or transverse tensile
   i nearest 10 N/mm2. strength)
  s
  r 12.2.1 Principle. A load is applied to the board via
  e 12 Determination of tensile strength
  v
   i
blocks bonded to the surfaces and the load is
  n 12.1 Determination of tensile strength parallel increased until the maximum applied load is
   U to the plane of the board attained.
 , 12.2.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall
  a
  r
NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
along the length of the original board and across its width. Where be 50 ± 1.0 mm × 50 ± 1.0 mm × board thickness and
  a it is required to test the properties of such boards, two se ts of test conditioned and prepared in accordance with
specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
   M clauses 4 and 5. Before testing, suitable plywood
   i parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
and/or hardwood blocks also conditioned and
  g should have its major axis at right angles to the dimension.
  o
   l 12.1.1 Principle. A tensile load is applied to th e test prepared in accordance with clauses 4 and 5, or
  o specimen and the load is increased until failure metal blocks, shall be bonded to the surface of the
  n occurs. test specimen.
   k
  e 12.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be of the NOTE 1 Suitable types of block are shown in Figure 8(a).

   T form shown in Figure 7(a), in accordance

NOTE 2 The adhesive should form a strong enough bond to
   f with 11.2.2, and shall be conditioned and prepared
transmit the full load to the test specimen. Polyvinyl acetate
  o in accordance with clauses 4 and 5.
(PVAC) or urea formaldehyde adhesives have been found suitable
for plywood and hardwood, and hot melt or epoxy adhesives have
  y
   t been found suitable for metal blocks.
   i 12.1.3 Apparatus. This shall be as described
  s
  r in 11.2.3. Where the accuracy of the apparatus is 12.2.3 Apparatus
  e specified, the apparatus shall be periodically 12.2.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  v
   i calibrated. apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  n 12.1.4 Procedure. Determine the width and periodically calibrated.
   U
  : thickness of the test specimen at the midp oint of the 12.2.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
  y reduced cross section using the sliding caliper. 12.2.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4,
  p Calculate the cross-sectional area to the
  o nearest 1.0 mm2.
fitted with suitable self-aligning linkage.
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   3 NOTE A suitable linkage is shown in Figure 8(b). Other designs Test specimens shall be of the form and dimensions
   0
   / are also suitable, provided a universal joint is incorporated to
shown in Figure 9(a). The reinforcing pads of
   3 ensure alignment.
plywood (or hard-wood with a density greater
   2 12.2.4 Procedure. Bond the blocks to the test than 600 kg/m3) shall be attached with a suitable
   f specimens. Ensure the blocks do not move while the
  o adhesive and located as shown in Figure 10.
  s adhesive is setting. Leave until the adhesive is f ully Component parts shall be conditioned and prepared,
  a set. before gluing, in accordance with clauses 4 and 5, as
   t Measure the length and width of the test specimens
  c to the nearest 0.1 mm using the sliding shall the completed assembly.
  e
  r 13.1.2.2 Boards of thickness over 25 mm
  r caliper (12.2.3.2). Calculate the area of the test
  o specimen in square millimetres to the NOTE See Figure 11.
  c nearest 1.0 mm2. Test specimens shall be of the form and dimensions
  n Place the assembled test specimens in the testing shown in Figure 11(a). The rails shall have
  o
   i minimum dimensions of 35 mm × 115 mm ×
  s machine, using either wedge-grips or metal pins, as
  r described in 11.2.3.3. approximately 700 mm long and shall be glued to
  e both sides of the test piece along both long edges
   V Set the cross head speed of the testing machine to using an appropriate adhesive.
 , approximately 1 mm/min and continue loading until
  a
  r the maximum applied load is attained. Record the
The rails shall be of hardwood with a density
greater than 600 kg/m3 and all rails and test pieces
  a maximum applied load to within 1.0 %. Discard shall be conditioned to the appropriate moisture
   M results for test specimens that have failed by content in accordance with clause 4 prior to gluing.
   i detachment of a block.
  g Completed test specimens shall be similarly
  o 12.2.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   l conditioned.
  o tensile strength of the test specimen perpendicular 13.1.3 Apparatus
  n to the plane of the board J r (in N/mm2) shall be
   k calculated from the equation 13.1.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  e   I
   T   SJ  = W  apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   f    B r  A ------ periodically calibrated.
  o 13.1.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2.
  y where
   t
   i 13.1.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4.
  s
  r
W  is the maximum applied load for the test
13.1.3.4 Load application frames, as follows.
  e specimen (in N);
  v
   i  A is the area of the test specimen (in mm 2).
a) Boards of thickness up to and
including 25 mm. As shown in Figure 9(a).
  n
   U The result shall be expressed to the b) Boards of thickness over 25 mm. For the
 , nearest 0.01 N/mm2. two-rail shear test piece, as shown in
  a
  r Figure 11(b).
  a 13 Determination of panel shear NOTE The forces applied by the testing machine divide into two
   M strength and panel shear modulus components, namely the compressive forces applied to the ends of
   i the rails and the lateral forces which are transmitted to the sides
  g NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels of the rails by means of wooden spacing blocks.
  o along the length of the original board and across its width. Where
   l 13.1.4 Procedure
  o it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets of test
  n specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis 13.1.4.1 Boards of thickness up to and
   k parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other including 25 mm. Measure the thickness of the test
  e should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension. specimen at the four points shown in Figure 9(a) to
   T 13.1 Panel shear strength
   f the nearest 0.01 mm. Record the mean of the four
  o 13.1.1 Principle. An increasing load is applied to one measurements to the nearest 0.1 mm as the test
  y the diagonals of a rectangular test specimen until
   t specimen thickness.
   i of
  s the maximum applied load is attained. Strength is
  r calculated from the cross-sectional area of the test
Bolt the test specimen into the clamping
frame [13.1.3.4 a)]. Mount the test specimen in its
  e
  v specimen and the failing load.
   i frame into the testing machine (13.1.3.3). Set the
  n 13.1.2 Test specimens cross head speed of the testing machine to
   U 13.1.2.1 Boards of thickness up to and approximately 2 mm/min. Apply an increasing
  : compressive load to the assembled test specimen
  y including 25 mm until the maximum applied load is attained, and
  p NOTE See Figure 9.
  o record the maximum applied load.
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  n 12 © BSI 02-1999
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  y
  p
  o Figure 8 — Apparatus for determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane
  c of the board
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   T   S
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   U Figure 9 — Test specimen and apparatus for determination of panel shear properties for
  :
  y boards of thickness up to and including 25 mm
  p
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  n 14 © BSI 02-1999
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   U Figure 10 — Jig for location of reinforcing pads
  :
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  n © BSI 02-1999 15
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  p
  o Figure 11 — Test specimen and apparatus for determination of panel shear properties for
  c boards of thickness over 25 mm
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  n 16 © BSI 02-1999
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   / 13.1.4.2 Boards of thickness over 25 mm. Measure 13.2.3 Apparatus
   3 the thickness of the test specimen at the four p oints
   0
   / shown in Figure 11(a) to the nearest 0.01 mm.
13.2.3.1 General. Use the equipment described
   3 Record the mean of the four measurements to the
in 13.1.3.2 to 13.1.3.4 and that described
   2 in 13.2.3.2. Where the accuracy of the apparatus is
   f nearest 0.1 mm as the test specimen thickness. specified, the apparatus shall be periodically
  o Mount the test specimen in the loading calibrated.
  s apparatus [13.1.3.4 b)] as shown in Figure 11(b).
  a 13.2.3.2 Displacement transducers with a resolution
   t Set the cross head movement of the testing of 0.001 mm.
  c machine (13.1.3.3) to approximately 2 mm/min.
  e
  r  Apply an increasing tensile load to the assembled 13.2.4 Procedure. Measure and record the test
  r apparatus until the maximum applied load is specimen thickness and attach the test sp ecimen to
  o the appropriate load application frame (13.1.3.4).
  c attained and record the maximum applied load.
Insert 3 mm diameter metal pins into the holes
  n 13.1.5 Calculation and expression of results
  o
   i
described in 13.2.2 and attach the displacement
13.1.5.1 Boards of all thicknesses up to and
  s
  r including  25 mm. The panel shear strength Q 
transducers (13.2.3.2) to the pins via a linkage.
Insert the whole assembly into the test rigs as
  e (in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the equation shown in Figure 9(b) or Figure 11(b) as appropriate.
   V
 , 0.707 W  Set the cross head speed of the testing machine to
  a
  r
Q  = --------------------
LT  approximately 2 mm/min.
  a where  Apply an increasing load to the assembled test
   M specimen and record the reducing distance between
   i W  is the maximum applied load for the test
  g specimen (in N);
the steel pins (gauge points) using the transducer
  o
   l signal.
  o L is the side length of the test specimen Construct a load-compression curve, using the mean
  n (in mm); of the two transducer readings expressed to the
   k
  e   I T  is the thickness of the test specimen nearest 0.002 mm. Use at least 12 and
   T   S (in mm). preferably 15 data points, or employ continuous
   f    B plotting using a suitable recorder.
  o The result shall be expressed to the
  y
   t nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
13.2.5 Calculation and expression of results
   i
  s
  r 13.1.5.2 Boards of thickness over 25 mm. The panel 13.2.5.1 Boards of thickness up to and
including 25 mm. The panel shear modulus G
  e shear strength Q  (in N/mm2) shall be calculated
(in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the equation
  v
   i from the equation
  n W  D WL g
   U Q  = -------- G = 0.3536 ----------------------
D L g LT 
 , LT 
  a
  r where W, L and T  are as defined in 13.1.5.1. where
  a The result shall be expressed to the Lg is the gauge length of the test specimen
   M nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
   i (in mm);
  g 13.2 Panel shear modulus L is the side length of the test specimen
  o
   l (in mm);
13.2.1 Principle. An increasing load is applied to one
  o
  n of the diagonals of a rectangular test specimen until T  is the thickness of the test specimen
   k the maximum applied load is attained. The
  e compression of the test specimen between two
(in mm);
   T DW  is the increment on linear portion of the
   f points along a diagonal axis is measured. The shear
  o modulus is calculated from the relationship of load load-deformation curve (in N);
  y
   t and compression. DLg is the reduction of the gauge length
   i corresponding to DW  (in mm).
  s
  r
13.2.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be of the
appropriate form depending on the thickness of the
  e The result shall be expressed to the
  v
   i board (see 13.1.2) and conditioned and prepared in
nearest 25 N/mm2.
  n accordance with clauses 4 and 5. In addition
   U two 3 mm diameter holes shall be drilled along one
  : diagonal as shown in Figure 9(a) or Figure 11(a) as
  y appropriate.
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  n © BSI 02-1999 17
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   / 13.2.5.2 Boards of thickness over 25 mm. The panel
   3 shear modulus G (in N/mm2) shall be calculated
   0
   / from the equation
   3
   2 DWL g
   f G = 0.5 -------------------
  o DL g LT 
  s
  a where Lg, L, T, DW  and DLg are as defined
   t in 13.2.5.1.
  c
  e
  r
The results shall be expressed to the
  r nearest 50 N/mm2.
  o
  c 14 Determination of transverse shear
  n strength
  o
   i
  s
  r NOTE 1 Certain particleboards have different property levels
  e it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets of test
along the length of the original board and across its width. Where

   V specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
 , parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
  a
  r should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
  a NOTE 2 This test method is applicable only to boards that
are 18 mm to 50 mm in thickness.
   M
   i 14.1 Principle
  g
  o  A test specimen of regular cuboid form is placed in a
   l
  o shearing tool that can apply a compressive force
  n parallel to both the centreline of the test specimen
   k and the original board faces. The force is increased
  e   I
   T   S
until the maximum applied load is attained. The
   f    B
shear strength is calculated from the maximum
  o applied force and the cross-sectional area of t he test
  y specimen.
   t
   i
  s
  r 14.2 Test specimens
  e Test specimens shall be
  v cubes 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm with a tolerance
   i
  n of – 2 mm on each dimension. Where the board Figure 12 — Shearing tool for determination
   U thickness is less than 50 mm, the nominal thickness of transverse shear strength
 , shall be increased to 50 +0 mm by bonding packing
  a  – 2
  r pieces of equal thickness to the original board faces. 14.4 Procedure
  a Mark the centreline of the test specimen, parallel to
   M 14.3 Apparatus the original board faces, and measure the thickness
   i 14.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  g in both the vertical and horizontal planes to the
  o apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   l nearest 0.1 mm. Calculate the cross-sectional area
  o periodically calibrated. of the test specimen to the nearest 1.0 mm2.
  n
   k 14.3.2 Sliding caliper, as described in 6.1.3. Place the test specimen in the shearing tool (14.3.4)
  e 14.3.3 Testing machine, as described in 10.3.4, but and stand the shearing tool between the loading
   T fitted with parallel loading surfaces. faces of the testing machine (14.3.3). Set the cross
   f head speed of the testing machine to
  o 14.3.4 Shearing tool, as shown in Figure 12.
approximately 0.5 mm/min and apply an increasing
  y
   t
   i loading until the maximum applied load is attained .
  s
  r Record the maximum applied load to the
  e nearest 10 N.
  v
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   3 14.5 Calculation and expression of results Place the test specimen in the support fixture as
   0
   / shown in Figure 13. Rigidly clamp the test s pecimen
   3 The transverse shear strength of the test
so that no uplift occurs at the board edges when
   2 specimen Z  (in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the
   f equation loaded.
  o Position the complete assembly in the testing
  s W 
Z  = ----- machine (15.3.3) so that the centre of the punch is
  a  A
directly over the intersection of the diagonal ma rks.
   t
  c where
 Apply a continuously increasing load to the test
  e
  r W  is the maximum applied load for the test specimen until the maximum applied load is
  r specimen (in N);
  o attained, and record the maximum applied load.
  c  A is the cross-sectional area of the test The movement of the punching head shall be
  n specimen (in mm2). controlled by a constant rate of loading such t hat the
  o
   i maximum applied load is obtained after 90 ± 45 s.
  s
  r The result shall be expressed to the 15.5 Calculation and expression of results
  e nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
The concentrated load strength C L (in N/mm
   V
 , 15 Determination of concentrated load thickness) shall be calculated from the equation
  a
  r strength W 
  a C L = -----
T 
15.1 Principle
   M
   i  A load is applied to the surface of a rigidly supported
where
  g W  is the maximum applied load for the test
  o
   l
test specimen, via a punch (loading head) of
specimen (in N);
specified area, until the maximum applied load is
  o
  n attained. T  is the thickness of the test specimen (in mm).
   k
  e   I 15.2 Test specimen
The result shall be expressed to the
   T   S Test specimens shall be square with a minimum
   f    B nearest 0.1 N/mm.
  o side length of 6T  + 125 mm and of full board
thickness, where T  is the board thickness in
  y
   t
16 Bond durability tests
   i millimetres.
  s
  r 15.3 Apparatus
16.1 Determination of tensile strength
  e perpendicular to the plane of the board after
  v
   i 15.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the cyclic treatment
  n apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be 16.1.1 Principle. The tensile strength perpendicular
   U periodically calibrated. to the board plane is measured after subjecting the
 , 15.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2.
  a
  r
test specimen to cyclic exposure to water, freezing
15.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4, fitted and dry heat.
  a
with a suitable circular punch of 25 mm diameter. 16.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
   M
   i NOTE Although a 25 mm punch is required for testing for accordance with 12.2.2, but the loading blocks shall
  g compliance with BS 5669-2, the test procedure can also be carried not be applied until after completion of the cyclic
  o
   l out with a 50 mm punch.
test treatment.
  o 15.3.4 Steel support plate and clamping device as
  n shown in Figure 13. The steel support plate shall
16.1.3 Apparatus
   k
  e have a circular aperture at its centre with a 16.1.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   T diameter of 6T  + 50 mm, where T  is the board apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   f thickness in millimetres, rounded to the periodically calibrated.
  o nearest 10 mm. The supporting frame shall be rigid. 16.1.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
  y
   t
   i 15.4 Procedure 16.1.3.3 Testing machine as described in 12.2.3.3.
  s
  r Mark the diagonals on one face of the test specimen. 16.1.3.4 Air circulating oven capable of maintaining
  e
  v
   i
Measure the thickness at a point on each a temperature of 70 ± 2 °C. Air velocity inside the
diagonal 25 mm from each corner, using the oven shall be approximately 1.5 m/s.
  n micrometer (15.3.2). Calculate the test specimen
   U 16.1.3.5 Refrigerator or cold room, capable of
  : thickness to the nearest 0.1 mm from the mean of maintaining a temperature of – 12 °C or lower.
  y the four values.
  p 16.1.3.6 Flat bottomed container, at least 145 mm
  o deep and 130 mm wide.
  c
16.1.3.7 Thermometers.
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   T   S
   f    B
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 ,
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   i
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   f
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  o
  c Figure 13 — Support arrangement for concentrated load test
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   3 16.1.4 Procedure. Immerse the test specimens in 16.2.3.4 Refrigerator or cold room, as described
   0
   / water at 20 ± 2 °C in the flat bottomed container in 16.1.3.5.
   3 for 72 h with the original board faces vertical. They
   2 16.2.3.5 Flat bottomed container, as described
   f shall be separated by at least 15 mm from each in 16.1.3.6.
  o other, and supported by a wire mesh or narrow bars
16.2.3.6 Thermometers.
  s at least 15 mm from the base of the container. The
  a depth of water above the test specimens shall be 16.2.4 Procedure. Mark the four measuring points
   t on the specimen as shown in Figure 4, using a
  c between 25 mm and 50 mm.
  e
  r Remove the test specimens from the water and
waterproof marking pen.
  r remove excess surface water with a cloth. NOTE For simplicity, a square template 100 mm × 100 mm,
  o with 18 mm diameter holes located at the four points indicated in
  c Place the test specimens, standing vertically and Figure 4, may be used to mark the measuring points on the test
  n separated from one another, in the refrigerator or specimen.
  o
   i cold room (16.1.3.5) at – 12 °C or less and leave them Calculate the mean thickness of the test specimens
  s
  r for 24 h. in accordance with 8.4.
  e Remove the frozen test specimens and place them Expose the test specimens to three cycles of the
   V immediately in the oven (16.1.3.4) at 70 ± 2 °C. They treatment in accordance with 16.1.4. Recondition
 , the test specimens to constant mass in accordance
  a
  r
shall be placed flat and separated from one another.
with clause 4 and remeasure the mean thickness,
Leave them for 72 h.
  a using exactly the same points as before.
Repeat the above cyclic treatment twice more,
   M
   i making three cycles in all. To prevent the test 16.2.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  g specimens from tapering, they shall be subjected to residual swelling of the test specimen Rs, expressed
  o
   l the cyclic treatment in a symmetrical manner by as a percentage, shall be calculated from the
  o rotating them through 180° at the end of each cycle. equation
  n
   k That is to say, the original bottom edge of the test ( T 2 – T 1 )
  e   I specimen in cycle one becomes the top edge in cycle R s = -------------------------
- 100
   T   S two and the bottom edge again in cycle three. T 1
   f    B
  o NOTE 1 The three cycles thus take 21 days to complete. where
Recondition the test specimens to constant mass in
  y
   t T 1 is the original mean thickness of the test
   i accordance with clause 4. Bond suitable blocks to
  s
  r the test specimens as described in 12.2.2 and test in
specimen (in mm);
  e accordance with 12.2.4. T 2 is the mean thickness of the test specimen
  v
   i NOTE 2 If the surfaces of the test specimens are rough or after cyclic treatment and reconditioning
  n uneven as a result of the cyclic treatment, they may be smoothed (in mm).
   U by rubbing the test specimen on a piece of abrasive paper, he ld on
 , a flat surface, before bonding on the loading blocks. The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.5 %.
  a
  r 16.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The 16.3 Determination of tensile strength
  a tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the perpendicular to the plane of the board
   M board J r (in N/mm2) shall be calculated and after 2 h immersion in boiling water and
   i expressed in accordance with 12.2.5.
  g redrying at 70 °C
  o
   l 16.2 Determination of increase in thickness 16.3.1 Principle. A load is applied to a test specimen,
  o (residual swelling) after cyclic treatment which has been immersed in boiling water and
  n
   k 16.2.1 Principle. The difference in the thickness of redried at 70 °C, via blocks bonded to the surfaces.
  e the test specimen before and after cyclic treatment The load is increased until fracture of the test
   T is determined. specimen occurs.
   f
  o 16.2.2 Test specimen. Test specimens shall 16.3.2 Test specimen. Test specimens shall
  y
   t
be 100 mm × 100 mm × board thickness and be 50 ± 0.1 mm × 50 ± 0.1 mm × board thickness and
   i conditioned and prepared in accordance with conditioned and prepared in accordance with
  s
  r clauses 4 and 5. clauses 4 and 5.
  e
  v
   i 16.2.3 Apparatus 16.3.3 Apparatus
  n 16.2.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the 16.3.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   U apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  : periodically calibrated.
  y periodically calibrated.
  p 16.2.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. 16.3.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
  o
  c 16.2.3.3 Air circulating oven as described 16.3.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4,
   d in 16.1.3.4. fitted with suitable grips.
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   3 16.3.3.4 Water bath capable of maintaining a The result shall be expressed to the
   0
   / temperature of 100 °C. nearest 0.01 N/mm2.
   3
   2 16.3.3.5 Flat bottomed watertight tray  not less 16.4 Determination of flatwise bending
   f than 100 mm deep. strength after boiling for 2 h
  o 16.3.3.6 Blocks, of wood or metal, as shown in
NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
  s Figure 8.
  a along the length of the original board and across its width. Where
   t 16.3.3.7 Screw eyes approximately 50 mm long × it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets of test
  c screw gauge 14 (required for wood blocks only). specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
  e
  r
parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
  r 16.3.3.8 Oven as described in 9.3.3, but capable of
  o maintaining a temperature of 70 ± 2 °C. 16.4.1 Principle. The flatwise bending strength is
  c determined in accordance with clause 10 after the
  n 16.3.4 Procedure. Measure the side lengths of the test specimen has been immersed in boiling water.
  o test specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm, calculate the
   i 16.4.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
  s
  r
area and record the result to the nearest 1.0 mm2.
accordance with 10.2.
  e Immerse the test specimens in boiling
   V water (16.3.3.4) for 2 h with their 50 mm faces 16.4.3 Apparatus
 , vertical. They shall be separated by at least 15 mm 16.4.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  a
  r from each other and supported by a wire mesh apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  a screen or narrow bars at least 15 mm from the base periodically calibrated.
   M of the container. The depth of water above the test 16.4.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2.
   i specimens shall be between 25 mm and 50 mm.
  g 16.4.3.3 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3.
  o  After 2 h ± 5 min, remove the test specimens and
   l 16.4.3.4 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4.
  o immerse them in water at 20 ± 5 °C for 60 ± 5 min.
  n 16.4.3.5 Water bath, capable of maintaining a
   k The test specimens shall have their faces vertical
  e   I
and shall be separated from each other and from the temperature of 100 °C and ensuring adequate
   S
   T bottom of the container by not less than 15 mm. circulation of the water.
   f    B 16.4.3.6 Flat bottomed container at least 140 mm
  o Remove the test specimens from the water, dry deep.
them with a cloth or paper towel and place them,
  y
   t
   i with their faces horizontal, in the oven (16.3.3.8) 16.4.4 Procedure. Immerse the test specimens in
  s
  r at 70 ± 2 °C for 16 h. boiling water (16.4.3.5) for 2 h with their 100 mm
  e Remove the test specimens from the oven, allow faces vertical. They shall be separated by
  v them to cool to approximately room temperature
   i at least 15 mm from each other and supported by a
  n and bond loading blocks to the surfaces as described wire mesh screen or narrow bars at least 15 mm
   U in 12.2.2. Discard any test specimens that show from the base of the container. The depth of water
 ,
  a delamination or nonuniform thickness swelling.
  r NOTE If, as a result of boiling and drying, the surfaces of the
above the test specimens shall be between 25 mm
and 50 mm.
  a test specimen are rough or uneven, they may be smoothed before
 After 2 h ± 5 min, remove the test specimens and
   M bonding on the blocks by rubbing on a piece of abrasive paper,
   i which is held on a flat surface. immerse them in water at 20 ± 5 °C in the flat
  g bottomed container for 60 ± 5 min. The test
  o Place the assembled test specimens in the machine
   l specimens shall have their 100 mm faces vertical
  o grips and determine the maximum applied load in and shall be separated from each other and from the
  n accordance with 12.2. Discard results from test
   k specimens that have failed by detachment of a block. base of the container by not less than 15 mm.
  e Record the maximum applied load to within 1.0 %. Remove the test specimens, dry them with a cloth or
   T paper towel and immediately determine the width,
   f 16.3.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  o tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the thickness and maximum applied load in accordance
  y
   t 2 with 10.4 and record the results.
   i board after boiling and redrying J b (in N/mm ) shall
  s
  r
be calculated from
  e J  = W 
  v
   i b ------
 A
  n
   U where
  :
  y W  is the maximum applied load for the test
  p specimen (in N);
  o  A is the surface area of the test specimen
  c
(in mm2) to the nearest mm2.
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  n 22 © BSI 02-1999
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   0
   / bending strength after immersion in boiling water
   3  P b (in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the equation
The surface soundness t  (in newtons) shall be the
   2 maximum load applied to the test specimen and
   f 3WY  shall be recorded to the nearest 10 N.
  o  P b = -----------------
2
  s 2 BT 
18 Determination of resistance to axial
  a where
   t withdrawal of wood screws inserted in
  c W is the maximum applied load for the test the face or edge of the board (face and
  e
  r specimen (in N);
  r edge screw holding)
  o Y  is the span between the supports (in mm);
  c 18.1 Principle
  n  B is the width of the test specimen (in mm); The force required to withdraw a wood screw from
  o
   i T  is the mean thickness of the test specimen the test specimen is measured.
  s
  r (in mm). 18.2 Test specimens
  e Test specimens shall be not less
   V The result shall be expressed to the
 , nearest 0.1 N/mm2. than 75 mm × 75 mm × board thickness and
  a
  r conditioned in accordance with clause 4.
  a 17 Determination of surface 18.3 Apparatus
   M soundness
   i 18.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  g 17.1 Principle apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  o
   l periodically calibrated.
The force required to pull off a block bonded to the
  o 18.3.2 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4,
  n face of the test specimen is measured.
   k equipped with suitable devices for holding the test
  e   I 17.2 Test specimens specimen and gripping the screw head as shown in
   T   S Test specimens shall be Figure 14.
   f    B
  o approximately 75 mm × 75 mm × board thickness 18.3.3 Steel countersunk wood screws with a length
and conditioned in accordance with clause 4.
  y
   t
of 38 ± 2 mm, a shank diameter of 3.25 ± 0.30 mm
   i Wooden blocks shall be bonded to the faces. and a pitch of 1.45 ± 0.25 mm.
  s
  r 17.3 Apparatus 18.3.4 Twist drill, 1.5 mm.
  e
  v
   i 17.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the 18.4 Procedure
  n apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
Drill a 1.5 mm diameter hole to a depth of 6 mm in
   U periodically calibrated.
the centre of one face and two adjacent edges of the
 , 17.3.2 Testing machine, as described in 10.3.4 and
  a
  r fitted with suitable grips.
test specimen. Insert a screw into each of the holes
to a depth of 13 mm, ensuring that it is upright.
  a
17.3.3 Wooden blocks, 40 mm × 40 mm ± 0.25 mm ×
   M NOTE 1 With boards less than 13 mm thick, the screw placed
   i approximately 20 mm thick. in the face shall be inserted to the full thickness of the board.
  g 17.4 Procedure
NOTE 2 It is usually impracticable to determine edge screw
  o
   l
holding with boards less than 6 mm thick.

  o Mark the diagonals on each face of the test Place the test specimen in a stirrup which ensures
  n specimen. Bond one wooden block (17.3.3) to each that the face or edge containing the screw will be
   k face of the test specimen, using the diagonal marks
  e at 90° to the direction of the applied load. The test
   T to position it at the centre. specimen shall not be supported at any point nearer
   f NOTE 1 The adhesive should form a strong enough bond to than 13 mm to the axis of the screw as shown in
  o transmit the full load to the test specimen. PVAC or urea Figure 14. Place the head of the screw in the slotted
  y
   t
formaldehyde adhesives have been found suitable.
stirrup. The slots shall be parallel and an easy fit for
   i Place the assembled test specimen in the testing
  s
  r machine (17.3.2) and apply a tensile load until
the shank of the screw.
  e failure occurs by the separation of a block. Set the
Set the testing machine (18.3.2) to a cross head
  v
   i speed of approximately 1 mm/min and apply an
cross head speed to approximately 1 mm/min and
  n continue loading until the maximum applied load is
increasing force to each screw in turn. Note the
   U maximum load required to withdraw the screw.
  : attained.
  y NOTE 2 Where failure occurs other than in the surface the
  p result should be discarded.
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   0
   / The face screw holding value a (in newtons) is the
   3 (water absorption) and thickness
   2 maximum load required to withdraw the screw from (swelling) due to general absorption of
   f the test specimen, expressed to the nearest 10 N. water
  o
  s The edge screw holding value b (in newtons) is the 19.1 Determination of increase in mass (water
  a mean of the two determinations on each test absorption)
   t specimen, expressed to the nearest 10 N.
  c 19.1.1 Principle. The difference in mass of the test
  e
  r specimen before and after immersion in water for a
  r period of either 1 h or 24 h is determined.
  o
  c NOTE The same test specimens may be used for determination
  n of both water absorption and swelling.
  o
   i 19.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall
  s
  r be 100 mm × 100 mm × board thickness and
  e conditioned and prepared in accordance with
   V clauses 4 and 5.
 ,
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  :
  y Figure 14 — Stirrups for supporting the test specimen and applying a load to the
  p screw head
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   3 19.1.3 Apparatus 19.2.4 Procedure. Mark the four measuring points
   0
   / on each test specimen in accordance with 16.2.4 and
   3 19.1.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
record the mean thickness in accordance with 8.4.
   2 apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
   f periodically calibrated. Immerse the test specimens in water in the flat
  o bottomed container in accordance with 19.1.4.
19.1.3.2 Balance as described in 6.1.5.
  s Remove the test specimens from the water after
  a 19.1.3.3 Flat bottomed container not less either 1 h or 24 h, as appropriate, and remove
   t than 140 mm deep and 130 mm wide.
  c excess water with a cloth. Immediately remeasure
  e
  r 19.1.4 Procedure. Weigh each test specimen and and record the mean thickness, using exactly the
  r record the mass to the nearest 0.1 g. same points as before.
  o
  c Immerse the test specimens in water at 20 ± 2 °C in Immersion causes considerable roughening of the
  n the flat bottomed container for either 1 h or 24 h surface of the test specimen. To reduce the effect of
  o
   i with their 100 mm faces vertical. They shall be this on the result, it is essential to measure the test
  s
  r separated by at least 15 mm from each other and specimen at exactly the same place, before and after
  e supported by a wire mesh screen or narrow bars soaking. For simplicity, a square
   V at least 15 mm from the base of the container. The template 100 mm × 100 mm, with 18 mm diameter
 , depth of water above the test specimens shall be holes located at the four points indicated
  a
  r maintained between 25 mm and 30 mm. in Figure 4, may be used to mark the measuring
  a Remove the test specimens from the water after points on the test specimens.
   M either 1 h or 24 h, as appropriate, and remove 19.2.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   i
  g excess water with a cloth. Immediately weigh each swelling of the test specimen l, expressed as a
  o
   l test specimen and record the mass to the percentage, after either 1 h l1 or 24 h l24 shall be
  o nearest 0.1 g. calculated from the equation
  n 19.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
   k ( T   – T  )
  e   I
2 1
water absorption, O, expressed as a percentage after l = -------------------------- 100
   T   S either 1 h O1 or 24 h O24 shall be calculated from the T 1
   f    B equation where
  o
  y ( M   – M  ) T 1 is the mean thickness of the test specimen
   t
   i O = ---------2---------------1---- 100
before immersion (in mm);
  s
  r
M 1
  e where T 2 is the mean thickness of the test specimen
  v
   i after immersion for either 1 h or 24 h
  n M 1 is the mass of the test specimen before (in mm).
   U immersion (in g);
 , M 2 is the mass of the test specimen after The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 %.
  a
  r immersion for either 1 h or 24 h (in g).
  a 20 Determination of changes in length,
   M The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 %. thickness and mass after conditioning
   i at 35 % r.h. and 85 % r.h.
  g 19.2 Determination of increase in thickness
  o
   l (swelling) NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
  o 19.2.1 Principle. The increase in thickness due to
along the length of the original board and across its width. Where
  n it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets o f test
   k general absorption of water is determined from the specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
  e differences in thickness of the test specimen before parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
   T and after immersion in water for either 1 h or 24 h. should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
   f 20.1 Principle
  o 19.2.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be in
  y
   t
accordance with 19.1.2. The length, thickness and mass of the test
   i specimens are determined after conditioning
  s
  r
19.2.3 Apparatus
at 25 °C and 65 % r.h. and the length, thickness and
  e 19.2.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the mass are determined following the subsequent
  v
   i apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be reconditioning at 25 °C and 35 % r.h. and 25 °C
  n periodically calibrated. and 85 % r.h. The results are expressed as a
   U 19.2.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. percentage increase (+) or decrease (–) of the
  :
  y 19.2.3.3 Flat bottomed container as described original value.
  p in 19.1.3.3.
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   3 20.2 Test specimens 20.5 Calculation and expression of results
   0
   / Test specimens shall be 200 mm × 13 mm × board
   3 20.5.1 The increase in length of the test specimens
   2 thickness. Positions for measuring changes in after reconditioning to 85 % r.h. I l and the decrease
   f thickness shall be clearly marked in the in length after reconditioning to 35 % r.g. Dl,
  o longitudinal centreline of each face, at midlength expressed as percentages, shall be calculated from
  s and at 10 mm from each end. Test specimens shall the equations
  a
   t be conditioned and prepared in accordance with DL
  c clauses 4 and 5. I l85 = -----------1  100
  e
  r NOTE It is possible to use a single set of test specimens for
200
  r determination of all three types of change (length, thickness and
  o mass) but see also 20.4. DL
 D l35 = -----------2  100
  c 200
  n 20.3 Apparatus
  o 20.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   i where
  s
  r apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  e periodically calibrated. DL1 is the difference in dial gauge readings
   V 20.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. at 25 °C, 65 % r.h. and 25 °C, 85 % r.h.;
 , DL2 is the difference in dial gauge readings
  a
  r 20.3.3 Balance as described in 6.1.5. at 25 °C, 65 % r.h. and 25 °C, 35 % r.h.
  a 20.3.4 Measuring instrument as shown in Figure 15,
   M which is not to be made of aluminium or other The results shall be expressed as a positive value
   i material with a high thermal expansion rate unless (+ %) for I l85, and as a negative value (– %) for Dl35
  g the fixture is kept at constant temperature.
  o
   l
to the nearest 0.05 %.
  o 20.3.5 Dial gauge capable of measuring changes in 20.5.2 The increase in the mean thickness of t he test
  n length of ± 0.05 mm. specimens after reconditioning to 85 % r.h. I t85 and
   k
  e   I
20.4 Procedure the decrease in the mean thickness of the test
   S
   T 20.4.1 Changes in length. Insert the test specimen specimens after reconditioning to 35 % r.h. Dt35,
   f    B expressed as percentages, shall be calculated from
  o in the measuring instrument (20.3.4) and record the the equations
  y dial gauge reading.
   t
   i Recondition one each of a pair of test specimens to ( T 2 – T 1 )
  s
  r constant mass (see clause 4) at 25 ± 2 °C
I t85 = ---------------------------
T 1
 100
  e and 35 ± 5 % r.h. and 25 ± 2 °C and 85 ± 5 % r.h.
  v
   i ( T 2 – T 1 )
  n respectively. Reposition the test specimen in the jig  D t35 = ---------------------------  100
T 1
   U and observe the new reading of the dial gauge, and
 , record the value to the nearest 0.05 mm.
  a
  r 20.4.2 Changes in thickness. Measure the thickness
where
  a of each test specimen at the marked points T 1 is the mean thickness of the test specimen
   M described in 20.2 to the nearest 0.05 mm using the conditioned at 20 °C and 65 % r.h. (in mm);
   i micrometer (20.3.2) and record the mean as the T 2 is the mean thickness of the test specimen
  g thickness of the test specimen.
  o
   l
conditioned at either 25 °C and 85 % r.h.
  o Recondition one of a pair of test specimens to or 25 °C and 35 % r.h. (in mm).
  n constant mass (see clause 4) at 25 ± 2 °C
   k and 35 ± 5 % r.h., and 25 ± 2 °C and 85 ± 5 % r.h. The results shall be expressed as a positive (+ %)
  e value for I t85 and as a negative value (– %) for Dt35
   T Remeasure the thickness of the test specimens at to the nearest 0.05 %.
   f exactly the same points and calculate the mean
  o thickness as before.
  y
   t
   i 20.4.3 Changes in mass. Weigh the test specimens
  s
  r to the nearest 0.1 g and record the result.
  e Recondition one of a pair of test specimens to
  v constant mass (see clause 4) at 24 ± 2 °C
   i
  n and 35 ± 5 % r.h., and 25 ± 2 °C and 85 ± 5 % r.h.
   U respectively and record the result.
  :
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  n 26 © BSI 02-1999
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  :
  y Figure 15 — Metal fixture for measuring change in length  5 
  p  6 
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   3 20.5.3 The increase in mass of the test specimens 21.2 Test specimens
   0
   / after reconditioning at 85 % r.h. I m85 and the
   3 decrease in mass after reconditioning at 35 % r.h. 21.2.1 For square-edged boards, and for tongued
   2  D , expressed as percentages, shall be calculated and grooved boards which are recommended only for
   f m35 use with glued joints, test specimens shall
  o from the equations be 305 × 305 × board thickness and conditioned in
  s
  a I m85 = (-----------------------------
M 2  – M 1 )
100
accordance with clause 4.
   t M 1 21.2.2 For tongued and grooved boards
  c recommended for use with unglued joints, the
  e
  r ( M 2  – M 1 ) following two types of test specimen shall be tested:
  r  D m35 = ----------------------------- 100
  o M  a) as described in 21.2.1;
  c 1
b) a jointed test specimen, assembled so that the
  n where
  o
   i
point of impact will be on the grooved component
M 1 is the mass of the test specimen after
  s
  r
and 30 mm from the joint line on the upper
conditioning at 20 °C and 65 % r.h. (in g); surface of the test specimen as shown in
  e Figure 16.
   V M 2 is the mass of the test specimen after
 , conditioning to either 25 °C and 85 % r.h. 21.3 Apparatus
  a
  r or 25 °C and 35 % r.h. (in g).
The apparatus shall be as sh own in Figure 17. Each
  a guide shall consist of a ball race to ensure minimum
   M The results shall be expressed as a positive value friction. Details of the test specimen holder and
   i (+ %) for I m85 and as a negative value (– %) for Dm35
  g to the nearest 0.05 %. clamping arrangement are shown in Figure 18.
  o
   l The falling body shall have a hemispherical mild
  o 21 Determination of resistance to steel end of 25 ± 0.5 mm radius and a mass,
  n
   k impact (impact strength) including any associated falling parts,
  e   I of 4.5 ± 0.05 kg
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   3 20.5.3 The increase in mass of the test specimens 21.2 Test specimens
   0
   / after reconditioning at 85 % r.h. I m85 and the
   3 decrease in mass after reconditioning at 35 % r.h. 21.2.1 For square-edged boards, and for tongued
   2  D , expressed as percentages, shall be calculated and grooved boards which are recommended only for
   f m35 use with glued joints, test specimens shall
  o from the equations be 305 × 305 × board thickness and conditioned in
  s
  a I m85 = (-----------------------------
M 2  – M 1 )
100
accordance with clause 4.
   t M 1 21.2.2 For tongued and grooved boards
  c recommended for use with unglued joints, the
  e
  r ( M   –  M  ) following two types of test specimen shall be tested:
  r  D m35 = -----------------------------
2 1
100
  o M  a) as described in 21.2.1;
  c 1
b) a jointed test specimen, assembled so that the
  n where
  o
   i
point of impact will be on the grooved component
M 1 is the mass of the test specimen after
  s
  r
and 30 mm from the joint line on the upper
conditioning at 20 °C and 65 % r.h. (in g); surface of the test specimen as shown in
  e Figure 16.
   V M 2 is the mass of the test specimen after
 , conditioning to either 25 °C and 85 % r.h. 21.3 Apparatus
  a
  r or 25 °C and 35 % r.h. (in g).
The apparatus shall be as sh own in Figure 17. Each
  a guide shall consist of a ball race to ensure minimum
   M The results shall be expressed as a positive value
   i (+ %) for I m85 and as a negative value (– %) for Dm35 friction. Details of the test specimen holder and
  g to the nearest 0.05 %. clamping arrangement are shown in Figure 18.
  o
   l The falling body shall have a hemispherical mild
  o 21 Determination of resistance to steel end of 25 ± 0.5 mm radius and a mass,
  n
   k impact (impact strength) including any associated falling parts,
  e    I of 4.5 ± 0.05 kg.
   T   S
21.1 Principle
   f    B NOTE It is convenient if the guide rod (see Figure 17) is marked
 A body of defined mass and shape is dropped from a circumferentially at intervals of 25 mm to enable the height from
  o which the body is dropped to be measured.
series of increasing heights onto a rigidly clamped
  y
   t
   i test specimen. The height from which the body is
  s
  r dropped is progressively increased until the test
  e specimen is penetrated by the falling body.
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   f Figure 16 — Point of impact test for testing jointed boards
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  p Figure 17 — General view of impact test apparatus
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  n © BSI 02-1999 29
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Figure 18 — Impact test: supporting frame for test specimen and test apparatus
   d
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  n 30 © BSI 02-1999
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   3 21.4 Procedure
   0
   /
   3 Position the test apparatus on a concrete floor.
   2 Clamp the test specimen in the sup porting frame as
   f shown in Figure 18(b). In the case of jointed,
  o unglued test specimens ensure the joint line is offset
  s from the point of impact by 30 mm as shown in
  a
   t Figure 16.
  c Raise the falling body 25 mm above the surface of
  e
  r the test specimen and allow it to drop freely. The
  r
  o body, or its guide rod, should be caught after impact
  c so that the body shall not bounce and strike the test
  n specimen a second time.
  o
   i Repeat this step, but increase the drop-height
  s
  r by 25 mm each time until the falling body
  e penetrates the test specimen leaving a clearly
   V visible hole or series of cracks (see note 3).
 ,
  a
  r
NOTE 1 The most usual types of failure are shown in Figure 19.

  a NOTE 2 Penetration has occurred if light can be seen through

the board at any point around the hemispherical indentation
   M produced by the falling body.
   i NOTE 3 Exceptionally with boards greater than 10 mm in
  g thickness, and usually with boards of less than 10 mm in
  o
   l thickness, cracks may appear, radiating from the point of impact,
  o before the test specimen is penetrated. The drop-height that first
  n produces such cracks is taken as the end point in these cases.
   k
  e   I 21.5 Calculation and expression of results
   T   S The impact strength of the test specimen u (in
   f    B millimetres per millimetre of thickness) shall be
  o calculated from the equation
  y
   t
   i H 
  s
  r
u = -----
T 
  e Figure 19 — End points of failure in impact
  v
   i
where test
  n H  is the drop-height required to produce failure
   U of the test specimen by Penetration (in mm); 22 Determination of extractable
 , formaldehyde
  a
  r
T  is the nominal thickness of the test specimen
  a (in mm). Extractable formaldehyde shall be determined by
   M The result shall be expressed to the
the method given in BS EN 120.
   i Table 1 — Table deleted
  g nearest 1 mm/mm.
  o
   l Figure 20 — Figure deleted
  o
  n 23 Determination of relative creep,
   k
  e fractional recovery and permanent set
   T
   f NOTE Certain particleboards have different property levels
  o along the length of the original board and across its width. Where
it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets o f test
  y
   t specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis
   i parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
  s
  r should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
  e 23.1 Principle
  v
   i
  n Creep is determined by applying a bending force to
   U a test specimen over a prolonged period and
  : measuring the increased deflection at the centre of
  y the test specimen. Permanent set is determined by
  p
  o measuring the residual centre-span deflection after
  c the load on the test specimen has been removed.
   d
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  n © BSI 02-1999 31
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   3 23.2 Test specimens 23.3.8 Weights for applying load.
   0
   / Test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance
   3 23.4 Procedure
   2 with clause 4. They shall be 50 mm wide with a 23.4.1 General. Prepare matched pairs of test
   f length of 16 T  + 25 mm to the nearest 25 mm, where specimens and measure their width and length with
  o T  is the board thickness in millimetres.
the steel rule (23.3.4) and mean thickness, using the
  s
  a 23.3 Apparatus micrometer (23.3.2) at the three locations shown in
   t 23.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the Figure 22. Where boards with a pronounced degree
  c of orientation are being tested, prepare two pairs of
  e
  r
apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  r periodically calibrated. specimens; one pair with their major axes p arallel to
  o 23.3.2 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. the length of the original board and the other pair
  c with their major axes at right angles to the length of
  n 23.3.3 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3. the original board.
  o
   i 23.3.4 Steel rule as described in 6.1.4. 23.4.2 Determination of static bending strength.
  s
  r 23.3.5 Dial gauge, or other device capable of Place one of a pair of test specimens in th e jig shown
  e measuring midspan deflection to 0.01 mm. in Figure 21. The ends shall overlap the extreme
   V support rolls by about 12 mm. Set the cross head
 , 23.3.6 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4.
  a
  r 23.3.7 Four point bending fixture as shown in
speed of the testing machine to
approximately 5 mm/min. Apply an increasing load,
  a Figure 21.
via the linkage to the two inner rollers, until the
   M The metal rollers shall be 10 mm in diameter for
   i maximum applied load is attained. Record the
  g test specimens up to 18 mm thick, and 25 mm in maximum applied load as the failing load of th e test
  o
   l diameter for test specimens over 20 mm thick. The specimen.
  o span of the specimen Y  (in mm) = 16 T  + 25, where
  n
   k T  is the board thickness in millimetres.
  e   I
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   f    B
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   i NOTE To reduce the total mass of the weights required to produce a given load and to make the equipment more compact, the
  s
  r central rollers may be connected to a lever through a suitable linkage which multiplies the force exerted by the applied mass.
  e Figure 21 — Jig for applying load for static bending and creep tests with
  v
   i test specimen in position
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   V Figure 22 — Measurement of width and length of test specimens for determination
 , of relative creep, fractional recovery and permanent set
  a
  r
  a 23.4.3 Determination of relative creep. Place the 23.5 Calculation and expression of results
second of the pair of test specimens in the jig in
   M 23.5.1 Static bending strength. The static bending
   i accordance with 23.4.2, allow the central rollers and strength P s (in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the
  g their linkage to rest on the test specimen for 1 min
  o
   l and measure the deflection at midspan to the
equation
  o nearest 0.01 mm. Record this value as the “zero 3WY 
  n  P s = -----------------
2
   k deflection”. 4 BT 
  e   I  Attach an additional mass to the linkage, taking
   T   S where
   f    B care to avoid rapid loading, especially at h igh stress
W  is the maximum applied load for the test
  o levels.
specimen (in N);
  y
   t NOTE 1 Smooth application of load may be achieved by
   i supporting the weights with a stand which can be smoothly Y  is the span between the supports (in mm);
  s
  r lowered until the weight is fully supported by the test specimen.
 B is the width of the test specimen (in mm);
  e NOTE 2 The additional load may correspond to between 15 %
  v
   i and 80 % of the ultimate failing load of the paired test specimen,
T  is the mean thickness of the test specimen
  n determined in accordance with 23.4.2. The recommended value
is 30 %. (in mm).
   U
 , Measure the deflection at midspan to the
The result shall be expressed to the
  a
  r
nearest 0.01 mm, 1 min after initial application of
nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
  a load. Record this deflection as the “elastic
23.5.2 Relative creep. Relative creep r at a given
deflection”.
   M time shall be calculated from the equation
   i Measure the deflection again
  g after 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 50 min, 100 min d – e
  o
   l and 200 min and thereafter at 24 h intervals. r = ------------
e
  o
  n NOTE 3 These intervals are suitable for moderate stress levels. where
   k  At high stress levels or where time to failure is to be determined,
  e shorter intervals may be appropriate. d is the deflection at a given time (in mm);
   T 23.4.4 Determination of fractional recovery and e is the elastic deflection (in mm).
   f  permanent set. Smoothly remove the weights at the
  o completion of the test and immediately measure the The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 mm.
  y
   t
   i midspan deflection to the nearest 0.01 mm. Record
23.5.3 Fractional recovery and permanent set.
  s
  r the result as the unloaded deflection.
Fractional recovery f  at a given time shall be
  e Remeasure the midspan deflection at the same time calculated from the equation
  v
   i intervals as given in 23.4.3 and record the results.
  n d f  – u
 f  = ----------------
   U df 
  :
  y where
  p
  o df  is the final deflection under load at a given
  c time (in mm);
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   3 same time (in mm). 25.1 Principle
   0
   / The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1. The mass of incombustible, acid-insoluble residue
   3
   2 Permanent set p at a given time (in mm) shall be remaining after ignition of the test specimen is
   f calculated from the equation measured.
  o 25.2 Test specimens
  s  P s = u – z
  a where Test specimens shall consist of strips
   t approximately 20 mm wide with a total mass
  c u is the residual unloaded deflection at a given
  e
  r time (in mm);
of 200 ± 10 g conditioned and prepared in
  r accordance with clauses 4 and 5.
  o z is the zero deflection measured in accordance 25.3 Apparatus
  c with 23.4.3 (in mm).
  n 25.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
  o
   i The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.1 mm. apparatus is specified, the apparatus shall be
  s
  r 24 Determination of compression periodically calibrated.
  e 25.3.2 Flat bottomed stainless steel pan,
   V strength approximately 1 L.
 , 24.1 Determination of compression strength
  a
  r parallel to the plane of the board
25.3.3 Gas ring.
  a 25.3.4 Balance as described in 6.1.5.
   M along the length of the original board and across its width. Where 25.3.5 Glass beaker, 150 mL.
NOTE 1 Certain particleboards have different property levels
   i it is required to test the properties of such boards, two sets of test
  g specimens should be prepared. One set should have its major axis 25.3.6 Oven as described in 9.3.3.
  o parallel to the maximum strength dimension and the other
   l 25.3.7 Mesh metal gauze, 0.5 mm.
  o should have its major axis at right angles to that dimension.
  n NOTE 2 For convenience, this test can be carried out NOTE A convenient size is 150 mm × 150 mm.
   k simultaneously with the determination of modulus of elasticity in 25.4 Reagents
  e   I
   T   S
compression (see 11.3) but it is essential that care be taken so
that the transducers are not damaged.
25.4.1 Hydrochloric acid solution, one part
   f    B concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part distilled
  o 24.1.1 Principle. An increasing compressive load is water, by volume.
  y applied to a test specimen until failure occurs.
   t
   i NOTE Failure is normally indicated by reaching a maximum 25.5 Procedure
  s
  r compressive load. Weigh the strips comprising the test specimen and
  e 24.1.2 Test specimens. Test specimens shall be
  v prepared in accordance with 11.3.2 and conditioned record the mass to the nearest 1.0 g. Place the test
   i specimen in the pan (25.3.2) over the lighted
  n in accordance with clause 4. gas ring (25.3.3), continue heating until the strips
   U
 , 24.1.3 Apparatus. The apparatus shall be as and pieces are reduced to ash and free from carbon,
  a
  r described in 11.3.3, except that the and allow to cool.
  a transducers (11.3.3.4) are not required. Transfer the ash residue to the beaker (25.3.5) and
   M 24.1.4 Procedure. The procedure shall be as cover with 75 mL of the hydrochloric acid
   i described in 11.3.4, but measurement of cross head solution (25.4.1), boil gently for 2 min. Allow to cool.
  g displacement is not required.
  o
   l
Decant as much liquid as possible without loss of
solid residue and add 75 mL of distilled water.
  o 24.1.5 Calculation and expression of results. The
  n compression strength in the plane of the board K  WARNING. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive. Suitable
   k (in N/mm2) shall be calculated from the equation p skin and eye protection should be worn when
  e
   T W 
carrying out this procedure.
   f p = ----- Decant as much water as possible without loss of
  o  A
solid residue, dry the residue in the oven (25.3.6)
  y where
   t
   i and determine the mass to the nearest 0.01 g. Place
  s
  r
W  is the maximum applied load for the test the dried residue on a piece of the 0.5 mm mesh
  e specimen (in N); metal gauze (25.3.7) and shake the gauze gently.
  v  A is the cross-sectional area of the test
   i Note the presence of any particles that will not pass
  n specimen (in mm2).
through the gauze.
   U 25.6 Calculation and expression of results
  : The result shall be expressed to the
  y The grit content of the test specimen H, expressed
  p nearest 0.1 N/mm2. as a percentage by mass, shall be calculated from
  o
  c the equation
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  n 34 © BSI 02-1999
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   3 a) around the edges of the specimen: 200 mm
   0
   /
M 
H  = -------o- 100 to 300 mm;
   3 M i
   2 b) along the intermediate joists: 400 mm
   f where to 500 mm.
  o M i is the mass of the test specimen before This description applies to particleboards with
  s ignition (in g);
  a equal strength with respect to the length and width
   t M o is the mass of the residue after drying (in g). of the original whole board. Where boards do not
  c have this characteristic, e.g. oriented strand board,
  e
  r The result shall be expressed to the nearest 0.005 %. the direction of maximum strength and stiffness
  r
  o NOTE The presence of any individual grit particles that will shall be aligned across the joists as shown in
  c not pass the 0.5 mm mesh metal gauze should be noted in the Figure 23(b).
  n report.
For jointed boards, intended for use with
  o
   i unsupported joists, test specimens shall be built up
  s
  r
26 Determination of performance of
as shown in Figure 23(c).
  e flooring boards: large scale test
Square edged boards shall be laid with all joints
   V NOTE 1 This test was introduced into BS 1811 and mean
 , quality levels derived from it were specified in BS 2604, for
tightly butted. Tongued and grooved boards shall be
  a
  r flooring grade boards. It was a type test. When BS 5669:1979 edge-glued at the time of laying.
  a superseded these two standards the specification for flooring
grade boards was based on routine measurements of elasticity in
NOTE 1 The above procedure applies to assessing boards for
domestic flooring applications. For non domestic use, the board
   M bending and impact strength (see 11.1 and clause 21).
   i NOTE 2 This test has been reintroduced to allow new products
supplier should provide a suitable engineering design for the test
  g to be evaluated and is not a requirement for any of the board
floor.
  o
   l types specified in BS 5669-2 to BS 5669-4.
NOTE 2 PVAC adhesives of either one or two part types are
suitable for edge-gluing tongued and grooved boards.
  o
  n 26.1 Principle 26.3 Apparatus
   k
  e   I  A joisted floor (typically 1.2 m × 2.4 m) is 26.3.1 General. Where the accuracy of the
   T   S constructed and subjected to static point loads and apparatus is specified, apparatus shall be
   f    B impact loads at particular points. periodically calibrated.
  o 26.2 Test specimens 26.3.2 Impact loading device, having a
  y
   t
   i Test specimens shall be constructed from a whole hemispherical end of 25 ± 0.5 mm radius and a
  s
  r board not less than 2 400 mm × 1 200 mm when mass, including any associated falling parts
  e unjointed boards are used, or not less of 8 ± 0.05 kg. The head shall be attached to a rod
  v
   i than 2 400 mm × 600 mm when jointed boards are which runs through guides shown in Figure 24.
  n used. The board shall be supported on softwood NOTE It is convenient if the rod is marked circumferentially at
   U  joists of nominal dimensions 100 mm × 50 mm, and intervals of 25 mm to enable the height from which the body is
 , dropped to be measured.
  a
  r
spaced at centres to be determined at the time of
26.3.3 Static loading device comprising a hydraulic
test. The unsupported edges of the boards shall be
  a supported by 100 mm × 50 mm (nominal) hoggings or pneumatic cylinder, capable of applying an
   M increasing load at an approximately uniform rate
   i [see Figure 23(a) and (b)]. The board shall be fixed
of 45 N/s through a hemispherical head of 100 mm
  g to the joists and noggings with circular plain
  o
   l round-wire nails of a length of not less than 2.5 radius. The loading device shall be attached to a
  o times the board thickness. The nails shall be spaced rigid framework as for 26.3.2, so that the load is
  n as follows: applied vertically.
   k
  e 26.3.4 Load gauge or other means of measuring
   T load.
   f 26.3.5 Dial gauge or transducer capable of
  o measuring deflection of the test specimen to an
  y
   t
   i accuracy of 0.01 mm.
  s
  r 26.4 Procedure
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   3 26.4.1 Unjointed boards 26.4.1.3 Impact loading. Clamp the test specimen to
   0
   / 26.4.1.1 General. Place the complete test specimen the floor in accordance with 26.4.1.1 so that one of
   3 the impact points shown in Figure 23(a) or
   2 below the loading devices on an essentially flat
   f concrete floor. The floor space shall be sufficiently Figure 23(b) is directly below the head.
  o large to allow the test specimen to be moved to bring Raise the impact head 25 mm above the surface of
  s each loading point under the appropriate loading the test specimen and let it fall freely onto the
  a board. Allow the body to bounce unt il it has come to
   t device.
  c Clamp the test specimen firmly to the floor and rest.
  e
  r Repeat this procedure, but increase the drop height
  r ensure that the joints and noggings are in contact
  o over most of their length. by a further 25 mm each time, until the falling body
  c NOTE Contact can be assessed by applying a static load of 1 kN penetrates the board producing failure as described
  n to several points along the line of the joists. No movement should in 21.4 and as shown in Figure 19 and record the
  o be obtained.
   i maximum drop height as the impact value in
  s 26.4.1.2 Static loading. Apply a steadily increasing
  r load at 45 N/s to one of the four points shown in millimetres.
  e 26.4.2 Boards intended for use with unsupported
   V Figure 23(a) or Figure 23(b). Measure the deflection  joints. Place the complete test specimen of the type
 , at the loading point, using either the d ial gauge or a
  a
  r suitable transducer (26.3.4) coupled to a plotter.
shown in Figure 23(c) below the loading device and
clamp it to the floor in accordance with 26.4.1.
  a Continue loading until failure occurs or the load
 Apply static and impact loads, in accordance
   M starts to fall off considerably. Record the maximum
   i load applied to points 1, 2, 3 and 4. with 26.4.1.2 and 26.4.1.3 respectively, but use the
  g Construct a load/deflection curve for each 0.4 kN loading points shown in Figure 23(c).
  o
   l 26.5 Calculation and expression of results
  o increment of load or obtain a continuous curve using
  n the transducer/plotter. Read off the deflection in 26.5.1 The mean drop height shall be calculated in
   k millimetres, to the nearest 0.1 mm, corresponding
  e   I millimetres from the two lowest recorded impact
   T   S
to a load of 1.11 kN. Record the reading. Repeat this values and shall be expressed to the nearest 25 mm.
   f    B
procedure for each of the remaining three loading
26.5.2 The deflection shall be expressed in
  o points. millimetres at 1.11 kN for each of the four
  y
   t
   i determinations to the nearest 0.1 mm.
  s
  r 26.5.3 The maximum load shall be expressed in
  e kilonewtons for each of the four determinations to
  v
   i the nearest 25 kN.
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  s  3  Figure 23 — Layout of flooring members  8 
 9 
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   3 27 Determination of moisture b) freeze at less than – 16 °C for 24 ± 0.25 h as
   0
   / described in 27.4.2.2.
   3 resistance under cyclic exposure
   2 27.1 Principle
c) dry at 70 ± 1 °C for 72 ± 1 h as described
   f in 27.4.2.3.
  o The increase in thickness of a test specimen, as a
Cycles 2 and 3
  s result of it having been subjected to cycles of
  a pretreatment comprising soaking in cold water, a) cool in a normally heated and ventilated room
   t for 3 ± 0.25 h as described in 27.4.2.4.
  c freezing and drying at elevated temperature, is
  e
  r
measured and expressed as a percentage of the b) immerse in water at 20 ± 1 °C for 69 ± 1 h as
  r original thickness. The tensile strength described in 27.4.2.1.
  o perpendicular to the plane of the board is
  c determined using the same test specimen.
c) and d) as described in cycle 1 b) and c)
  n respectively.
  o
   i 27.2 Test specimens  At the start of cycles 2 and 3 the specimens shall be
  s
  r Test specimens shall rotated through 180° in the vertical plane in such a
  e be 50 ± 1 mm × 50 ± 1 mm × board thickness and way that the original bottom edge of the sp ecimen in
   V prepared and conditioned in accordance with steps a) to c) in cycle 1 becomes the top edge of the
 , clauses 4 and 5. specimen in cycle 2 and the bottom edge in cycle 3.
  a
  r 27.4.2.1 Water immersion. Immerse the specimens,
  a 27.3 Apparatus
with their faces vertical, in fresh clean water with a
   M 27.3.1 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. pH of 7 ± 1. The specimens shall be separated from
   i
  g 27.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3. one another and from the bottom and sides of the
  o
   l 27.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4, fitted water bath and covered by 25 ± 5 mm of the water
  o with grips and self-aligning linkage as illustrated in throughout the test period. Fresh water shall be
  n Figure 8(b). used for each cycle.
   k
  e   I NOTE A suitable linkage is shown in Figure 8(b). Other designs 27.4.2.2 Freezing. Remove the specimens from the
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   3 27 Determination of moisture b) freeze at less than – 16 °C for 24 ± 0.25 h as
   0
   / described in 27.4.2.2.
   3 resistance under cyclic exposure
   2 27.1 Principle
c) dry at 70 ± 1 °C for 72 ± 1 h as described
   f in 27.4.2.3.
  o The increase in thickness of a test specimen, as a
Cycles 2 and 3
  s result of it having been subjected to cycles of
  a pretreatment comprising soaking in cold water, a) cool in a normally heated and ventilated room
   t for 3 ± 0.25 h as described in 27.4.2.4.
  c freezing and drying at elevated temperature, is
  e
  r
measured and expressed as a percentage of the b) immerse in water at 20 ± 1 °C for 69 ± 1 h as
  r original thickness. The tensile strength described in 27.4.2.1.
  o perpendicular to the plane of the board is
  c determined using the same test specimen.
c) and d) as described in cycle 1 b) and c)
  n respectively.
  o
   i 27.2 Test specimens  At the start of cycles 2 and 3 the specimens shall be
  s
  r Test specimens shall rotated through 180° in the vertical plane in such a
  e be 50 ± 1 mm × 50 ± 1 mm × board thickness and way that the original bottom edge of the sp ecimen in
   V prepared and conditioned in accordance with steps a) to c) in cycle 1 becomes the top edge of the
 , clauses 4 and 5. specimen in cycle 2 and the bottom edge in cycle 3.
  a
  r 27.4.2.1 Water immersion. Immerse the specimens,
  a 27.3 Apparatus
with their faces vertical, in fresh clean water with a
   M 27.3.1 Micrometer as described in 6.1.2. pH of 7 ± 1. The specimens shall be separated from
   i
  g 27.3.2 Sliding caliper as described in 6.1.3. one another and from the bottom and sides of the
  o
   l 27.3.3 Testing machine as described in 10.3.4, fitted water bath and covered by 25 ± 5 mm of the water
  o with grips and self-aligning linkage as illustrated in throughout the test period. Fresh water shall be
  n Figure 8(b). used for each cycle.
   k
  e   I NOTE A suitable linkage is shown in Figure 8(b). Other designs 27.4.2.2 Freezing. Remove the specimens from the
   T   S are also suitable, provided a universal joint is incorporated to water bath. Wipe off excess water with a cloth or
   f    B ensure alignment.
absorbent paper and place the specimens with their
  o 27.3.4 Metal blocks as illustrated in Figure 8(a). faces vertical in the freezer cabinet at less
  y
   t
   i NOTE Plywood or hardwood blocks may be used as an than – 16 °C. The specimens shall be separated from
  s
  r
alternative to metal, provided they are strong enough to ensure
failure takes place in the specimen.
one another.
  e 27.4.2.3 Drying. Remove the specimens from the
  v
   i
27.3.5 Freezer cabinet capable of maintaining a
freezer cabinet and place them immediately in the
  n temperature equal to or less than – 16 °C under
ventilated oven at 70 ± 1 °C. They shall be well
   U steadystate conditions.
separated from one another with their faces
 , 27.3.6 Ventilated oven with forced air circulation,
  a
  r capable of maintaining a temperature of 70 ± 3 °C.
vertical. The total volume of the specimens shall not
exceed 10 % of the internal volume of the oven.
  a 27.3.7 Water bath capable of maintaining a
   M temperature of 20 ± 1 °C and regaining this
27.4.2.4 Cooling. Stand the specimens, with their
   i faces vertical, on a flat, non-absorbent surface in a
  g temperature in not more than 2 h after inserting a normally heated and ventilated room.
  o
   l set of specimens. The dimensions of the water bath
27.4.3 Reconditioning, measuring and testing. After
  o shall enable the compliance with 27.4.2.1.
  n subjecting the specimens to the cyclic procedure,
   k 27.4 Procedure recondition them to constant mass in accordance
  e 27.4.1 Measurement of specimens. Measure the with clause 4.
   T
   f length and width of specimen to the nearest 0.1 mm Measure the thickness of the specimen in
  o using the sliding caliper, and calculate the area of accordance with 27.4.1.
  y
   t the specimen to the nearest 1.0 mm2.
   i Bond loading blocks to the specimens as described
  s
  r
Mark the diagonals on one face of th e specimen and in 12.2.2 and determine the tensile strength
measure the thickness at their intersection to the
  e perpendicular to the plane of the board according
  v
   i nearest 0.01 mm using the micrometer. to 12.2.4.
  n 27.4.2 Cyclic test procedure. Subject the specimens 27.5 Calculation and expression of the results
   U to three soaking, freezing, drying cycles as follows
  : (approximately 3 weeks total duration): Calculate the percentage increase in thickness in
  y accordance with 16.2.5 and the tensile strength
  p Cycle 1
  o perpendicular to the plane of the board in
  c a) immerse in water at 20 ± 1 °C for 72 ± 1 h as accordance with 12.2.5.
   d described in 27.4.2.1.
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   3  Appendix A Cross-references for test methods and requirements specified in
   0
   / BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4
   3
   2 Table 2 gives the test methods for the requirements specified in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4.
   f
  o Table 2 — Test methods for the requirements specified in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4.
  s
  a Property Reference for test Part of BS 5669 in which
   t method requirements are specified
  c Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
  e
  r
  r Dimensions of boards clause 7 Ï Ï Ï
  o Density
  c clause 8  — — — 
  n Moisture content clause 9 Ï Ï Ï
  o
   i Bending strengtha
  s
  r
clause 10 Ï Ï Ï

  e Modulus of elasticitya clause 11 Ï Ï Ï

   V Tensile strengtha
 , clause 12 Ï Ï Ï
  a
  r Panel shear strength and shear modulus clause 13 Ïb  — — 
  a Transverse shear strength clause 14  — — 
Ïb
   M
   i Concentrated load strength clause 15 Ïb  — — 
  g
  o Bond durability
   l clause 16 Ï Ï Ï
  o Surface soundness clause 17  — — 
  n Ï
   k  Axial withdrawal of wood screws
  e   I clause 18 Ï  —  Ï
   T   SIncrease in mass and thickness due to general clause 19 Ï Ï Ï
   f    B
  o absorption of water
  y Changes in length, thickness and mass after
   t
clause 20 Ï  — — 
   i conditioning at 35 % r.h. and 85 % r.h.
  s
  r Resistance to impact clause 21 Ï Ï Ï
  e
  v Extractable formaldehyde
   i clause 22 Ï Ï  — 
  n
   U Relative creep, fractional recovery and permanent set clause 23  — — — 
 , Compression strengtha clause 24 Ïb  — — 
  a
  r Grit content
  a clause 25 Ï  — — 
   M Performance in large scale flooring test clause 26  — — — 
   i
  g Determination of moisture resistance under cyclic clause 27 Ï  — — 
  o
   l exposure
  o Thermal conductivity BS 874 Ï Ï Ï
  n
   k Surface spread of flame BS 476-7 Ï Ï Ï
  e
   T Reaction to fire BS 476-5 and  — —  Ï
   f BS 476-6
  o
  y Frost resistance
   t
clause 17 of   — —  Ï
   i BS 4624:1981
  s
  r Water permeability clause 15 of   — —  Ï
  e
  v
   i BS 4624:1981
  n a These properties may be determined in different planes and axes. Reference should be made to BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and
   U BS 5669-4 to determine which subclauses are specific for certain board types.
  : b Specified only for type C5 boards.
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   3  Appendix B Guidance on the use of The purchaser may make use of the manufacturer’s
   0
   / control charts to satisfy himself by inspection that
   3 quality control charts and methods of
the requirements given in BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4
   2 sampling for certain properties
   f are being complied with. This method is to be
  o B.1 Use of quality control charts preferred to testing by purchasers and is strongly
  s B.1.1 General recommended.
  a The purchaser may carry out his own testing, in
   t The provisions of this standard are intended to take
  c advantage of the principles of quality control, which which case the values given in the tables of
  e
  r are dealt with at length in BS 600 and BS 2564. consumers’ minimum acceptance limits in
  r BS 5669-2 and BS 5669-4 apply.
  o The manufacturer is expected to take samples from
  c his current production and measure their properties B.1.2 Statistical definitions and calculations
  n at such intervals as will give adequate and timely B.1.2.1 sample mean ( x ). The sum of the
  o
   i warning of any failure to control production at the
  s
  r required level of quality. The method and frequency
individual test results (x ) divided by the number in
the sample (n), i.e. as follows:
  e of sampling will depend upon the uniformity of
   V production and can not be specified in advance but Σ x 
 , will have to be determined in the light of experience.
x  = ------
n
  a
  r  A recommended sample size is given and qualifying
  a limits based upon this are given in the tables of
B.1.2.2 grand mean ( X ). The overall level of
quality.
   M manufacturers’ control chart limits in BS 5669-2,
   i BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4. Where the manufacturer B.1.2.3 within-sample standard deviation (s).
  g The square root of the mean of the squares of the
  o
   l takes a different sample size he should calculate
deviations of the individual test results from the
  o new limits accordingly. BS 600 gives the
  n appropriate factors for these calculations. The test sample mean.
   k
  e   I results for each property are recorded consecutively
   T   S on control charts, two charts being kept for each
   f    B property, one showing the sample mean ( x ) and the
  o other the sample range (w). where
  y
   t  As the manufacturer accumulates data he can
   i n is the number of test pieces in the test sample.
  s
  r
calculate from time to time the grand mean ( X ) , B.1.2.4 sample range (w). The difference between
  e which will give an estimate of the average value of the maximum and minimum test results in a
  v
   i the property in question for the production as a sample.
  n whole over the product under review, and similarly
B.1.2.5 mean range ( w ). The grand mean of the
   U he can calculate the mean range ( w ).
 , The probability limits given in the tables of
sample ranges.
  a
  r B.1.2.6 within-board standard deviations (s w).
manufacturers’ control chart limits in BS 5669-2,
  a BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4 are one in 40; in other
This is calculated from the following equations:
   M words a test result outside the limits should be
   i
  g obtained on average only once in every 40 tests. The a)
  o
   l tests will be in accordance with this Part of BS 5669
  o if the following are true:
  n where
   k a) the value of the grand mean is not worse than
m is the number of observations of s;
  e that given in the appropriate table of quality
n is the number of test pieces in the test
   T levels in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4;
   f sample.
  o b) the value of the mean range is not greater th an
  y that given in the appropriate table of quality b) σw =   ---1----   s
   t
   i levels in BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4; bn
  s
  r c) the test results for both sample means and 1  
  e c) σw =  
 ------- w
  v ranges do not fall, on average, more frequently d n  
   i than once in 40 tests outside the limits for sample
  n means ( x ) and upper limits for range (w) given in 1 1
   U The appropriate values of ------- and ------- factors based
  : the appropriate table of quality levels in bn bn
  y BS 5669-2, BS 5669-3 and BS 5669-4. on BS 600 are given in Table 3.
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   3 B.1.2.7 between-board standard deviation (s B). B.2 Procedure for random sampling for
   0
   / This is calculated from the equation quality control tests during manufacture
   3
   2 The method and frequency of sampling for quality
   f control tests depends on the particular
  o circumstances in the factory. Guidance on sampling
  s may be found, for example, in BS 5701, BS 5703,
  a where BS 6000, BS 6001 and BS 6002.
   t
  c m is the number of boards;
  e
  r
  r n is the number of test specimens from each
  o
  c board;
  n x  is the individual board means.
  o
   i
  s
  r Table 3 — Factors based on BS 600
  e 1 1
   V  Values of ------ and ------- based on BS 600.
 , bn dn
  a
  r n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
  a
   M ------
1
1.77 1.38 1.25 1.19 1.15 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07
   i b n
  g
  o 1
   l
  o ------
d
0.886 0.591 0.486 0.430 0.395 0.370 0.351 0.337 0.325 0.315 0.307
  n n
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   0 Publications referred to
   1
   0
   2
   /
   3 BS 476, Fire tests on building materials and structures.
   0
   / BS 476-5, Method of test for ignitability.
   3 BS 476-6, Methods of test for fire propagation for products.
   2
   f BS 476-7, Method for classification of the surface spread of flame of products.
  o
BS 600, The application of statistical methods to industrial standardization and quality control.
  s
  a BS 700, Graduated pipettes.
   t
  c BS 700-2, Specification for pipettes for which waiting time is specified.
  e
  r BS 846, Specification for burettes.
  r
  o BS 1210, Specification for wood screws.
  c BS 1610, Materials testing machines and force verification equipment.
  n
  o
   i
BS 1610-1, Specification for the grading of the forces applied by materials testing machines.
  s
  r BS 1792, Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks.
  e BS 1811, Methods of test for wood chipboards and other particleboards 3).
   V BS 2564, Control chart techniques when manufacturing to a specification with special reference to articles
 ,
  a
  r
machined to dimensional tolerances.
  a BS 2604, Resin-bonded wood chipboard3).
   M BS 4624, Methods of test for asbestos-cement building products.
   i
  g BS 5268, Structural use of timber.
  o
   l BS 5268-2, Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship.
  o BS 5669, Particleboard.
  n
   k BS 5669-2, Specification for wood chipboard.
  e   I
   T   S BS 5669-3, Specification for oriented strand board (OSB).
   f    B BS 5669-4, Specification for cement bonded particleboard.
  o
  y
   t
BS 5669-5, Code of practice for the selection and application of particleboards for specific purposes.
   i BS 5701, Guide to number-defective charts for quality control.
  s
  r BS 5703, Guide to data analysis and quality control using cusum techniques.
  e
  v
   i BS 6000, Guide to the use of BS 6001, sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes.
  n BS 6001:Supplement 1, Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes.
   U
 , BS 6002, Specification for sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent defective.
  a
  r BS 6100, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms.
  a BS 6100-4, Forest products.
   M
   i BS 6100-4.3, Wood based panel products.
  g BS 6696, Methods for Use and testing of capacity of volumetric glassware.
  o
   l
  o BS EN 120, Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde content.
  n BS EN 120, Extraction method called the perforator method.
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Withdrawn and referred to in the foreword only.
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