TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Reciprocal Identities:

= = =

= = =

Quotient Identities:

= =

Pythagorean Identities:

Even-Odd Identities:

Sum and Difference Formulas:

= =

Double-Angle Formulas:

Power-Reducing Formulas:

– –
= = =
Half-Angle Formulas:

sin √ tan cos √

Product to Sum Formulas

= [ ]

= [ ]

= [ ]

= [ ]

Sum to Product Formulas:

= 2 sin ( ) cos ( )

= 2 cos ( ) sin ( )

= 2 cos ( ) cos ( )

= 2 sin ( ) sin ( )

Derivatives of the Trigonometric Functions:

sin x = cos x cos x = sin x

tan x = sec2 x cot x = csc2 x

sec x = sec x tan x csc x = csc x cot x