GENETIC ENGINEERING & BIOTECHNOLOGY

- Type of technology where there is application of life or sciences.

- Polymerase, gel electreperisis, human genome, genetic engineering and cloning: techniques.

5 Techniques

1. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

- Used to amplify (to produce many copies) small samples of DNA
- In order to use them for DNA profiling, recombination, species identification or other research.
- Initial step of other processes.

The process needs a thermal cycler, primers, free DNA nucleotides and DNA polymerase.
(Denaturation SEPARATED, annealing ATTACHED TO EACH DIFFERENT TYPES there are addition of
different structures 2 and 3 and elongation or extension OR PINAPAHABA NIYA PARSA MAKA BUO
NG DNA DUE TO AMPLYFYING 3 process of DNA polymerase)

1. Heating in the thermal cycler denatures hydrogen bonds, exposing bases.

2. The mixture cools. The primers are added to the start of the target genes.
3. DNA polymerase replicates the DNA using complementary base pairing.
4. This cycle is repeated many times, until there are thousands of copies - enough to amplify even
tiny samples found at a crime scene.
2. DNA PROFILING
- Compares sections of DNA between individuals in order to determine paternity or relationships,
as evidence in criminal cases or to identify species

Through gel electrophoresis, fragments of DNA are moved through an electric field and
separated based on their size.

BASIS AS GOLD STANDARAD OR MOST PREFERED TECHNIQUES IS RTPCR

- Nasopharengeal most prefereed because it is where virus find.

COVERAGE HANGGANG DITO SOCIAL MEDIA REV, NANO ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEM BIOTECHNOLOGY.

EXAM SATURDAY UNDER SESSION 17.