1.

Influencing the System to be acquired

System design should be based on user/customer requirements and the following basic
Integrated Logistic Support requirements should be considered as part of Requirements
Engineering:
1. Number of Maintenance levels
2. Maintenance Support personals capabilities
3. Maintenance Training limitations
4. Technical Manuals limitations
5. Field Reliability
6. Mean Time to Repair at each Maintenance level
The first requirement, the number of maintenance levels, should be in place before detailed
design starts as it is almost impossible to modify later during the detail design stage.
Any fielded system should be supported by existing maintenance personal with known abilities
and learning potential and addressed early on in the detailed design phases.
In practice, during the establishment of the system, the top level configuration support
requirement should drive the number of maintenance levels and, additionally, how and by
whom the system will be supported and operated. Once these requirements are established,
detailed design can start, it is difficult to influence the top system configuration once detailed
design started.

2. Maintenance Planning & Supply Support

Maintenance requirements and supply resources needed to maintain a specific piece of
equipment or an overall system. It’s developed from the maintenance and supply concept
preliminary identification and is refined over the lifecycle of a piece of equipment or system. It
contains information related to the system maintenance concept; the logistics support
infrastructure, expected durations of support, reliability and maintainability rates; and support
locations. It describes how:
1. Maintenance concept will be implemented,
2. Prescribes actions for each significant maintenance task that will be required for the
system/ equipment during its life cycle,
3. Explains technical requirements (where and how maintenance will be performed),
4. Incorporates detailed support concepts and resource requirements,
5. Lists the significant consumable items, and
6. Lists for each repairable item the supply, maintenance, and recoverability
requirements/sources.
7. Positions and delivers materiel to satisfy highly variable readiness and combat
sustainment needs in a variety of unique and demanding environments.
8. Meets all materiel management and maintenance statutory requirements.
9. Improves readiness through performance-based sustainment strategies.
10. Establishes end-to-end processes focused on outcomes.

3. Packaging Handling Storage and Transportation

Packaging, handing, storage, and transportability (PHST) is one of many subsystems, which
must be considered in a system engineering effort. In its simplest essence, PHST
management provides a manager with the capability of having a useful system, assuring him
that its elements can be delivered to the user. Efficient PHST has significant impact on system
effectiveness, reliability, maintainability, and safety. PHST consumes a measurable
percentage of overall cost and is, therefore, a significant element of life cycle investment.
 Optimizing the PHST system is one essential in optimising the parent system. The degree to
which PHST suboptimising contributes to optimising the system is directly dependent upon the
management emphasis received during all phases of the life cycle.
Packaging, handling, and storage equipment in support of the system and its components for
logistical and tactical movement as defined in the system requirements (material need,
required operational capability, and operational requirement) shall be considered and plans on
potential transportability problem items shall be formulated.
A specific PHST concept shall be expanded to cover the following areas:
a. Specific logistic operations and identification of each item of PHST equipment required to
support system prime md critical items throughout the life cycles shall be formulated.
b. The logistic flow analysis shall be used as the basis for determining what new items of
PHST equipment require development.
c. Determining specific PHST design requirements. The specific PHST design requirements
and associated evaluations applicable to the PHST equipment shall be determined.
d. Trade-off studies. In selecting pertinent PHST design concepts, the following trade off
studies shall be made, as a minimum:
i. Cost of ownership. Studies of cost of ownership shall include cost of transportation,
PHST equipment, and costs of inventory in motion.
ii. Large items which might be capable of shipment without crate. Relative costs of the
alternate methods, relative times involved, alternative methods of protection, tentative
methods for securing to the transit vehicle, and how they will be packaged and
shipped to insure necessary concurrency at the reassembly point.
iii. Items requiring development or use of special transport equipment

4. Life Cycle Cost

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is an estimate of the total costs, direct and indirect, of an asset during
its lifetime, including conceptual planning, development, procurement, production, operations,
in service support and disposal. Main elements are:
a. Definition of systems requirements. A system configuration baseline must be established
and then changes to this baseline may be evaluated systematically and in a controlled
manner
b. Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS). A cost tree with the following characteristics:
i. All system cost elements must be considered
ii. Cost categories well identified and defined
iii. Cost structure and categories coded (design, manufacturing, spares, maintenance,
etc.)
iv. CBS associated to the Work Breakdown Structure and with the management
accounting procedures used in collecting costs
v. Supplier costs to be separated from the other costs
c. Cost Estimating. Expected cost to be accrued in the acquisition and/or utilization of the
asset. Derived from:
i. Known factors or rates
ii. Estimating methodologies (analogous and/or parametric)
iii. Expert opinion
d. Cost Model. Combining the cost elements and cost categories to cost data as results of
cost estimating
e. Cost Profile. When costs are determined for each year in the life cycle and inflated to
reflect real budgetary estimates, the cost profile over the time is shown
f. Evaluation of alternatives. Appropriated profiles are compared, a break-even analysis is
accomplished and the preferred approach is selected.