Piping Design Training Manual Contents

11.
Piping Design
Training Manual
Contents
Session 1 ................................................................ 1-1

Pipework Modelling...................................................................................... 1-1
Objectives .................................................................................................. 1-1
Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 1-2
Piping in PDMS: Basic Concepts ............................................................... 1-3
Piping Specifications .................................................................................. 1-4
Setting the Appropriate Specification ......................................................... 1-4
Pipework Toolbar ....................................................................................... 1-5
Pipe Creation Form .................................................................................... 1-6
Pipe Branches............................................................................................ 1-7
Pipe Branch Heads and Tails..................................................................... 1-7
Pipe Branch Head / Tail Positioned Explicitly........................................... 1-10
Pipe Branch Head / Tail Connected ......................................................... 1-11
Pipe Branch Components (Pipe Fittings) ................................................. 1-12
Creating Branch Components (Pipe Fittings) ........................................... 1-13
Component Creation Form....................................................................... 1-14
Component Selection Form ..................................................................... 1-15
Branch Components List Order................................................................ 1-16
Arrive and Leave Points ........................................................................... 1-18
The Piping Application - A Worked Example............................................ 1-20
Exercise 1 (Creating a Second Branch) ................................................... 1-37
Exercise 2 (Building the Pipework)........................................................... 1-38
Exercise 3 (Completing the Pipework) ..................................................... 1-44
Exercise 4 (Replacing Components)........................................................ 1-45
Orientation and Positioning Components in Falling Pipelines .................. 1-46
Exercise 5 (Creating a Sloping Pipe) ....................................................... 1-48
Exercise 6 (Controlling the Pipe Slope).................................................... 1-49
Alternative Positioning Forms................................................................... 1-52
Positioning Piping Items Relative to Other Design Items ......................... 1-53
Exercise 7 (Pipe Editing) .......................................................................... 1-58
Copying Branches.................................................................................... 1-60
Session 2 ................................................................ 2-1
Data Consistency Checker .......................................................................... 2-1
Objectives .................................................................................................. 2-1
Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 2-1
Possible Types of Data Error ..................................................................... 2-3
Starting the Data Consistency Checks....................................................... 2-4
The Report Format..................................................................................... 2-5
Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 Contents-i

Contents
The Diagnostic Messages .......................................................................... 2-5

Some Examples of Diagnostic Messages................................................... 2-7
Exercise 8 (Data consistency check) ........................................................ 2-11
Contents-ii Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Session 1
Pipework Modelling
Pipe routing is probably the activity that consumes most time on any large project
and it is also one, which causes the most problems. Pipe routing in PDMS has
always been one of the major strengths of the system, as you will discover in this
module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will able to:
Explain the basic concepts of pipes and branches.
Describe the use of piping specifications in PDMS.
Have a sound knowledge of branch heads and tails and the importance of
component list order and flow direction within a branch.
Understand how to create, position and orientate piping components.
Describe all the functionality of the Create Components form.
Understand the catalogue point configurations for standard components.
Orient and position components in falling lines.
Understand more complex positioning with relation to other design items.
Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 09/05/02 1-1

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Must Know Points
The following points need to be understood by the trainees:

Understanding of the basic hierarchy and what elements can be created.
How to navigate around the database.
Basic understanding of the concepts of attributes.
Origin (P0) points and axes.
Querying the current attribute settings.
How to change the settings of an attribute.
1-2 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Piping in PDMS: Basic Concepts
Figure 1
There is a separate design hierarchy for pipe routing, as shown in Figure 1. In

principle, each pipe element may own a number of branches. In turn, branches may
own a number of piping components like valves and reducers.
The difference between pipes and branches is that a branch is only considered to
have two ends, while a pipe may have any number of ends, depending on the
number of branches it owns.
Figure 2 shows a pipe with three ends and two branches, where the second branch
is connected to the first at the tee.
Branch 1

Tee
Branch 2
Figure 2

This brings in another rule that says that although a branch only has two ends, it may
own components (in this case a tee), which connect to other branches.
These simple concepts enable any number of piping configurations to be developed,

and form the basis of all the PDMS Pipework you will encounter.
Piping Specifications
In the same way that design offices have standard piping specifications, PDMS has
a set of specifications from which you can choose. In fact all the components you will
use in PDMS must be defined in the Catalogue and be placed in a Specification
before you can use them. In the Training Project there are three such specifications:
A1A-TRA = ANSI CLASS 150 CARBON STEEL
A3B-TRA = ANSI CLASS 300 CARBON STEEL
F1C-TRA = ANSI CLASS 150 STAINLESS STEEL
These specifications contain all the fittings you will require for the course exercises.
Setting the Appropriate Specification

The first task when building a pipe is to decide which specification you are going to
use. For the Training Project, the first letter in the pipe name represents the
specification to be used. For example, the pipe /150-B-5 has the letter ‘B’ to
represent the specification. The specification letters are as follows: -
A = /A1A-TRA
B = /A3B-TRA
C = /F1C-TRA
Having decided on the appropriate

specification, this is then set as an
attribute of the pipe. Any subsequent
branches will automatically be assigned
with the same specification (although this
can be re-specified if required).
When you enter the Piping Application the

Default Specification Form is displayed.

Pipework Toolbar
The Pipework Toolbar is used to Manipulate Pipes, Branches and Bran
Components.
The default Piping

Specification can be
reset using this Icon.
Used for the Creation

of Pipes
Modifying Pipes
Display Piping
Components Creation
Form
Used for reselecting

Piping Components.
A range of Piping
Components can be
deleted using this form.
Used to Align
components.
Used to Orientate
Components.

Pipe Creation Form
Pipes are created using the Create Pipe

form, Pipes hold reference data for example
the Piping, Insulation and Tracing Specs and
Temperature.
The Bore field indicated on the form is the

nominal bore for this pipe and does not
affect the pipe route.

Pipe Branches
Branches serve two purposes:
1. They define the start and finish points of a pipe route (known as the Head and
Tail in PDMS).
2. They own the piping components, which define the route.
The position and order of the piping components below branch level determine the
physical route. In PDMS you only ever need to consider the fittings, because the
pipe that appears between fittings is automatically set (or implied) by PDMS
according to the specifications of the fittings.
Pipe Branch Heads and Tails

All branches need to have a start and end point. These can be a position in space
(3D co-ordinates), the flange face of a nozzle, a tee or various other points in your
design. Heads and tails are set up via a series of attributes that belong to the branch
element.
Gasket 1
Flange
Head is at face of Nozzle 1
Tail is at face of Nozzle 2

Elbow

Direction Gasket 2
Nozzle 1 of Nozzle 2
Flow

Elbow
Flange
Figure 3

The attributes for heads of branches are: -
HPOS The position in the zone where the branch starts.
HCON The connection type of the branch end (Up to a 4 character code for
flanged, butt weld, screwed, etc.).
HDIR The direction in which the start of the branch is pointing (as if you were
looking down the bore).
HBOR The bore of the pipe (this can be metric or imperial).
HREF The name of the item to which the branch head is connected (e.g.
/C1101-N1). If this is not set, then the branch is open to the
atmosphere for a vent or drain.
HSTU This is a reference to the catalogue, which determines the material of

the first piece of pipe, between the start of the branch and the first
fitting (this still needs to be set, even if there is a fitting connected
directly to the head).
The attributes for tails of branches are: -
TPOS The position in the zone where the branch ends.
TCON The connection type of the branch end (Up to a 4 character code for
flanged, butt weld, screwed, etc.).
TDIR The direction in which the end of the branch is pointing (as if you were
looking back down the bore).
TBOR The bore of the pipe (this can be metric or imperial).
TREF The name of the item to which the branch tail is connected (e.g.
/150-A-3). If this is not set, then the branch is open to the
atmosphere for a vent or drain.
You do not need to specify each of these attributes every time you create a branch.
On most occasions when you set a head or tail, you will be connecting to another
pipe or to a nozzle. The act of connecting to another item sets all the attributes at
once.

Used to position the

Branch Head Explicitly
Used to connect the

Branch Head

Pipe Branch Head / Tail Positioned Explicitly
When setting the Branch Head or Tail

explicitly you need to specify each of the
previously described branch attributes.
The Bore, Connection and Position are self

explanatorily.
The Head Direction is the direction of the

flow and the Tail Direction is opposite to the
flow.

Pipe Branch Head / Tail Connected
Using the Pick Button the Name box can be

filled; this is followed by the Connect Button,
which make the connection and sets all the
Branch Head or Tail Attributes.

Pipe Branch Components (Pipe Fittings)

When you first define a head and tail for a branch, your branch will consist of one
piece of pipe running in a straight line between the head and tail positions. This will
appear as a dotted line between the two points unless the head and tail are aligned
along a common axis and have the same bore. (The dotted line indicates that branch
route is geometrically incorrect.)
Head
Tail
Figure 4
The next step in designing a pipe is to create and position a series of fittings, which
define the pipe route you require. Just as on a drawing board, you need to decide
which piping components are needed in order to satisfy the requirements of the
process. The components must be arranged so that the pipe meets its design needs.
However, unlike on the drawing board, you do not need to know any fitting
dimensions, PDMS derives these automatically from the catalogue.
To create piping fittings, you need to select an item from the list of fittings available
to you from the associated piping specification. Typical types of fitting available are
Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Gaskets and Valves etc. There is some
intelligence build into the PDMS forms so that by placing for example a valve the
associated Gaskets and Flanges will also be created.
For all piping components, you will need to carry out the following steps: -
Select the component from the piping specification, position the component and set
the orientation.
There tube is not created explicitly it is created automatically or implied by placing

fittings.

Creating Branch Components (Pipe Fittings)
The “Component Types” list shows the piping

components that are available in the current
piping specification, which was set at the Pipe
and Branch level.
You could select components from an

alternative specification if required.
Components are created by selecting the

required fitting from the list.

Component Creation Form
The Component Creation form shows details

of all the Sub-Type available.
For example a Flange may be Slip-on, Weld

Neck, Screwed or Blind.
You will be required to select the Sub-Type

you require.
Items are created in order with or against the

flow of the pipe.
A tick box is available to allow the adjacent

components to be created. This is very useful
for creating the flanges of in-line flanged
components.

Component Selection Form
The Component Selection form can be

used if it is necessary to change an
existing component Sub Type or Spec.
If the component has a different fitting-to-

fitting length it can be reconnected using
the Reconnection Button.
The form can also be used for changing

the component Spec.

Branch Components List Order

With equipment and structures, the order in which you create items is of no
importance to the final outcome.
With piping components, the order in which they are laid out, as well as their
individual positions and orientations, determines the final pipe route.
To help with this a Component Position Pointer is displayed.
Below is an example Members list showing the components of a branch /100-B-1/B1
As you can see by default there is no TUBE in the

explorer window, this can be shown by changing the
Explorer setting Settings > Explorer

The below example shows the Explorer Window with the Tube Shown.
When using PDMS the list order will become second nature to you after you have
created a number of branches, but for the time being you should be aware of it and
should consider carefully where your next item is going to be inserted by watching
the Component pointer and Design Explorer.
When you are creating a component at the pipe branch head or pipe branch tail you
must ensure that you are positioned at the Branch.

Arrive and Leave Points

Piping components have P–points (similar to those for equipment primitives).
The significance of p–points is two–fold. First, they define the connection points, and
second, they determine the branch flow through the component by means of Arrive
and Leave attributes.
For the reducer shown in Figure 9, you will see that the large end is at P1 and the
small end is at P2. If you use this component to increase the bore of the branch, the
flow in the direction of the branch will be from P2 to P1. In order to tell PDMS the
flow direction you want, you set two numeric attributes, Arrive and Leave, to the p–
point numbers you want. In this case, Arrive would be set to 2 and Leave would be
set to 1. (The default is Arrive 1 Leave 2). This is included just for intrest as the forms
and menus will handle all connections.
Z P2 Z
P2
Y
Y
P3 P0
X X
P1
P1
Figure 9 – Reducer Figure 10 - Couplings/Nipples

X Z Y Z Y
P2
P0
P0
P1
X
P1 P2
Figure 11 - Bends/Elbows Figure 12 – Nozzles

Z Z P2
Y
P2
P1 Y P0
X
P0
X
P1 P3
Figure 13 - Caps/Plugs/Blind Flanges Figure 14 - Tees/Branch Fittings/Olet

Fittings

P2
Y
P0

P3
X
P1
Figure 15 – Flange Figure 16 - Gate Valve/Ball Valve etc.
Figure 17 - Check Valve

The Piping Application - A Worked Example

The tasks of setting up pipes, branches and components are simplified by the use of
forms and menus. The main thing to remember when using the application is which
specification you are currently using as a default.
The course exercises will illustrate different means of pipe routing by giving
examples of many of the situations you will encounter.
The following worked example demonstrates how to build Pipe /100-B-8, Branch
/100-B-8/B1 and the piping component build sequence.
Figure 18

BRANCH /100-B-8/B1 showing input sequence
Function Form and Location Notes
Design > The first time you

Pipework enter the Pipework
application the
Select spec A3B- Default
TRA Specification Form
will be displayed
(A3B-TRA has
been specially
modified to help
with the training.)
Create>Zone Create hierarchy in

which branch is to
Create > Zone be routed.
or Navigate to the You may have

existing Pipe created a piping
Zone zone /PIPE.ZONE
(/PIPE.ZONE) earlier.
Set Zone Purpose to PIPE
Display the Pipe

Creation Form
from the Show
pipe creation
form Icon on the
Pipework Toolbar

Enter the Pipe The Pipe Spec. will

Name 100-B-8 automatically be
selected from the
Select the Bore default spec
100 selected earlier it
should be set to
/A3B-TRA
Select the Apply
Button

After pressing Select Change Head Connection We are going to

Apply button on connect the Branch
previous form Head and Branch
Tail to Equipment
Nozzles.

After pressing the Use the Pick Button to set the Name to Once you have
Change button Nozzle D1201/N3 connected the
on the previous Branch Head the
form. previous Pipe form
will again be
displayed.
Connect each In the same way as
end of branch to you set the Pipe
its termination Head position
point (head and select the Pipe Tail
tail) to nozzle
P1501A/N1
This leaves a
“dotted” line joining
the head and tail
The form can be

Once the name is set use the Connect dismissed or
Button to set the pipe head connection. docked for use
later.
Display the Pipe Note where

Component possible we will
Creation Form create the main
from the Show pipe route and add
pipe creation valves and other in-
form Icon on the line fittings later.
Pipework Toolbar

We are going to Select Flange PDMS will select an

connect a Flange appropriate Gasket
and associated so we will select a
Gasket to the Flange from the
Branch Head, Component Types.
which is in turn
connected to a
Nozzle.

In the Design Select the Weld Neck Flange (WNF), Using the same
Explorer you will ensure the component creation is With form we will select
be set at the Flow and the Auto. Create Adjacent a Weld Neck
Bran. button is Ticked. Flange for the Pipe
Tail.
In the Design
Explorer navigate
back up to Branch
Level.
Change the
creation form to
Against Flow
Select Connect
You should now

have a Gasket and
Flange at the
Branch Head and
the Branch Tail.

We will now Select the Dotted Pipe using the LH

create our first Mouse button.
Elbow after the
Flange that is
connected to the
Branch Head.
Using Quick Pipe

Router.
Select Model
Editor Icon from
the Main Menu
Form
Using the LH
Mouse Button
drag the Pipe
Route Handle
Down 500mm
and release the
mouse button.

Drag the West

Handle any
distance in the
west direction
The Blob (or

Sphere) on the
branch will be
deleted
automatically Note: - The Blob
later in the will appear in the
tutorial so it can member list as
be left for now. an Elbow

The RH Mouse The Change in

Button Options direction created will
shown here are be created as an
only to illustrate elbow this could be
that they are changed to a Bend (if
available. there are bends
available in the spec)
using the Component
Choice pull down that
can be displayed
when in Model Editor
Mode.
Other options are also

available from this pull
down and some will
be used later.
Exit Model Editor

Mode by
deselecting the
Model Editor Icon
We are now Note the Component

going to create Pointer moves to the
an Elbow at the Flange to indicate
flange connected where the next
to the Pipe Tail component will be
created.
The Display shows

Navigate to the the component
flange on the creation is against
Branch Tail using flow from the last time
the LH Mouse we used the
Button. Component Creation
form.

The component Elbow Selection Form Select a 90Deg.

Creation Form Elbow (EA)
will still be
displaying Make sure the
Flanges. creation is
Against Flow.
Select the
Choose Button
and reselect
Elbow
Select Connect

We will now Note: - The World

position the Co-ordinates are
elbow through a displayed at the
North Position of bottom of the
N 302600 by main graphics
dragging the window.
Elbow using
Model Editor Fine adjustment
Mode. can be obtained
using the up and
Rotate the elbow down arrows on
through 180 Deg. the keyboard.
Model Editor Selection > Set Increments The default

increment are setting is 50mm
adjusted as and 5mm for fine
shown adjustment.

We will now Note: -

create a Tee and
position it through The Tee will
W 303575 be created
with Creation
Against the
Flow and the
Make sure you Configuration
have selected a set to leave
100NB Equal by the offline
Tee. leg (P3).
Select Connect
Using Modify
Mode Drag the
Tee through
W 313575

We will now
complete the pipe
route using
complete in Quick
Pipe Route Mode
First Select the

Dotted Part of
the Pipe and
enter Modify
Mode.
Select Feature
Snapping by
Pressing F
Whilst in Modify
Mode

Drag one Arrow

over the other
Arrow using the
Right Hand
Mouse Button
Release the
Mouse Button
and select
Complete
We will now We will move the

place 2 Gate valves to the
valves in the correct position
branch later in the
exercise.
Select a Gate
Valve on the
Components
Creation Form
Use Place and

identify Branch
Leg for Valve

As there is a Choose another

choice of Flanges GATE valve in a
the Flange similar way.
Component
Creation form is
displayed.
Select Weld Neck

Flange (WNF)
and Done

We will now Make sure you

move the Valve are not in Feature
and its connected Snap Mode using
components the F button
Fitting to Fitting whilst in Modify
with the second Mode.
Elbow in Modify
Mode. It is possible to
move the valve
assembly to other
legs in the
branch, these are
indicated in blue.
You can connect You can also

the Flange to the rotate the Valve
elbow. in its axes.

Exercise 1 (Creating a Second Branch)
To complete the pipe create a second Branch that connects the tee to the second pump,
build up the Branch components as before. Remember you can connect Flanges and quick
root elbows.
Make sure when creating your components you have set the Create Components Form to
the correct Branch using the <Set Branch> button.

Exercise 2 (Building the Pipework)

Start to build up the Pipework on the plant. Refer to the drawings for positions and
components required along each pipe. Remember to select the correct specification
for each pipe. In general, the naming convention of the pipes is built up from pipe
size, the third character of the specification (A3B-TRA) and a line number.
Initially, create the following pipes:
Pipe 80-B-7
When you create this pipe if the Nozzles are correct, i.e. both the same size and
inline the tube will be implied and displayed. You should only need to create the
flange connections, remember this is done by being positioned at the branch level in
the Design Explorer.
Pipe 150-B-6
The Flanges and elbows at both the Head and Tail of this pipe should be created
fitting to fitting. The elbows are rotated as required using Modify Mode. This is quite
a simple pipe so it could easily be routed using quick route mode.
The First elbow is rotated

using Modify Mode to
face East.

Pipe 250-B-5
The Elbow can be

lifted in-line with the
next item in the
branch using The
Align selection /
component Icon
Reducers are
created in a similar
way to Tees; make
sure you select the
correct Icon when
selecting the bore.

Pipe 200-B-4
The bottom section of this pipe has a small offset of about 15 Deg. The two bottom
elbows should be lined using Align selection / component as described earlier.
The Elbow can be Navigate to the

directed to face next Elbow and
towards the next direct it in a
elbow using the similar way using
Direct selection / the Direct
component Icon. selection /
component Icon.
100-C-13
This pipe must be routed to piping spec F1C-TRA as it is stainless steel, the pipe
head can be connected as we have done before. The pipe tail however must be
created explicitly.
To set the Branch Tail

select the Tail Detail
Change button on the
Create Pipe Branch
form.

Set the details as

shown on the form The
connection type should
be set to OPEN as the
pipe will have an open
end.
The Direction is set to

W as this is the
opposite direction to
the pipe run direction.
We are going to be routing the pipe onto the Pipe Bridge the steelwork for this pipe
bridge will be created using the macro !!traRunMacro('pipeway.pmlmac').
Navigate to a Structural Zone or create one /STRU.ZONE. Open a command line

Display > Command Line in this command line type
!!trarunracro('pipeway.pmlmac') make sure it is typed in lower case, the steelwork
will now be have been created.
Create the Gasket, Flange and the first two elbows as we have done before. We will
now create the third elbow and position the Bottom of Pipe (BOP) onto the steelwork.
This is performed in Quick Pipe Router Mode with feature snapping enabled (F).

Select the dotted part of

the pipe in Model Editor
Mode.
Make sure feature

snapping is enabled (F)
Slide the mouse over the

steelwork, when you are
positioned over Top of
Steel (TOS) pline and
extended route handle will
be displayed.
Select 1/2 OD behind

Pline Feature, this will
place the BLOB with BOP
on TOS.
Continue the pipe in Quick

Router Mode, the pipe
can be finished using Auto
Complete.
150-A-57
This pipe should be routed using /A1A-TRA which is a 150# Carbon Steel
specification.
The Pipe Tail of this pipe will be connected to the suction of pumps P1502A and
P1502B, which has 300# Flanges. As there are no 300# flanges in our piping spec
we are going to select them from spec /A3B-TRA this is done by setting The
Alternative Spec.

On the Component Once the alternative spec

Creation Form Select the has been selected the Use
Use Alternative Spec. Alternative Spec. Tick Box
button Select… will be activated.
Set the Alternative Spec

A3B-TRA and Done
Once an alternative spec Create the Gasket and

is selected you can toggle Flange at the Pipe Tail
between the Branch Spec from the alternative spec.
or Alternative Spec.
Make sure you also tick

the Use Alternative Spec
box on the component
creation form.

Exercise 3 (Completing the Pipework)

Attempt the rest of the pipes in any order, your Trainer will offer assistance as
required.

Exercise 4 (Replacing Components)

In this exercise we will replace components using the Component Selection Form.
Display Pipe /100-B-1
We will change the GATE valve indicated to a

GLOBE Valve.
Select the Show pipe component select

form Icon
Select the Globe valve (GLOB) the valve will

be reselected.
As the Globe Valve is a different size the

Reconnection button is activated.
To reconnect all the associated components

select the Reconnection Button.
The Globe valve is displayed.

Orientation and Positioning Components in Falling

Pipelines
The example we looked through previously involved only orthogonal pipelines, that
is, all lengths of tube were either horizontal or vertical. In practice, you often need to
include lengths of tube, which slope at angles between components. We will now
see how this is done.
AVEVA 90Deg Elbows are capable of having a variable angle they are not fixed at
90deg. Variable angle elbows can be directed to the angle of the slop.
In the example below a tee has been added to the falling line to demonstrate how an
offset error would be introduced. This error is corrected in PDMS using variable
angle zero radius bends.

Bends are normally made from tube so adding a bend would only effect tube length
and as the bend we use has no radius the effect is negligible; bends made from tube
do not appear on the isometric material list.
The following example shows how bends are used to correct falling lines.
The first example shows the tee still falling with the main branch; a bend is used at
the start of the new bran to reduce the offset error.
In this next example the tee is horizontal and two bends are used one at each side to
correct the fall.
You should always check contract procedure to establish how to design slopping
pipes.

The Auto Slope form lets you set the leave direction either up or down of each elbow
in a branch. You can specify the slope either as a rate of fall or as an angle.
Exercise 5 (Creating a Sloping Pipe)

Navigate to branch 1 of pipe /100-C-13. In the piping application select Modify >
Slop…
Leave the fall to 1/100
Select OK
PDMS will now step through each elbow in the branch. You are required to select the
slop for each elbow.
In each case select YES indicating the slop

is up.
As the pipe is open ended finishing at the battery limit the following form is displayed.
As we wish the pipe end to remain in the

same place we will select NO
The pipe will now be slopping this can be checked using Query > General as we
have done earlier. You should find the elbow direction to be of the form N 0.5729 U.

Exercise 6 (Controlling the Pipe Slope)

We are now going to add a tee, a new branch and a bend to correct the slope of pipe
/100-C-13 that we have just made slope.
Add a Tee to 500mm from

the 3rd elbow.
Use the RH Mouse Pull

Down so you can set it 500
from the change in direction
As you will remember from previous discussion the P3

leave direction of the tee will not be directly up.
Create a new branch and connect the pipe head to the

tee
The first item in this

new branch must be a
bend, Create a bend
and select the
Variable Angle and
Radius bend in the
choose form
Set the Radius to

Define and 0.00
Your branch should look like We will now need to

this. direct the bend up to
remove the offset.

To direct the Bend up use

Orientate > Component >
Leave from the main top pull
down.
Set the Direction to be U and

tick the Change Angle Box.
Add an elbow and position it

1000mm from the Bend.
Use Orientate Component

Slop to set the slop of the
Elbow.

Set the Slop to Up and apply

the Form
Figure 19 – Orientate>Component>Slope
The PL of the elbow will now be slopping if you check this the angle should be Direction N
0.5729 U.

Alternative Positioning Forms
Figure 20 – Position>Component>Plane Through
The Plane Through form lets you position the current element using a specific co-
ordinate, as in this example, or by using the cursor, or with respect to any other
previously positioned item.

Positioning Piping Items Relative to Other Design Items

You often need to position a piping component so that it, or its attached tube, is
either just touching, or is a fixed distance from, another element in the design
(another piping item, a structural beam or column, etc.).
Until now we have always identified the position of a piping item by reference to its
centreline (more strictly, its origin or P0). For relative positioning, it is often more
convenient to use one of the extremities of the item as the reference, such as the
top–of–pipe (ToP) or bottom–of–pipe (BoP), as we shall see in the following
examples.
Figure 21 - Position>Component>BoP/ToP (Infront)
Note: BoP/ToP in this context refer to the same point, namely the furthest side of
the component. Thus, the form settings Top of Pipe Clearance 50 Infront ID Cursor
would achieve the same result. This applies in both forwards and backwards modes.

Figure 22 - Position>Component>BoP/Top (Behind)
Note: As in the preceding example, BoP/ToP here refer to the same point. Thus, the
form settings Top of Pipe Clearance 50 Behind - D Cursor would achieve the same
result.
For non–orthogonal pipelines, the following options are applicable:
Bottom of Pipe Clearance 50 Onto ID Cursor
constrained 50
centreline
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Bottom of Pipe Clearance 50 Under ID Cursor

Figure 23 - Positioning Onto/Under another Item
Bottom of Pipe Clearance 50 Infront ID Cursor

constrained
centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Bottom of Pipe Clearance 50 Behind ID Cursor
Figure 24 -Positioning Infront/Behind another Item
Figure 25 - Position>Component>Clearance (Infront)

50 Onto ID Cursor
Note: The form settings Clearance would
achieve the same result in this example.
Figure 26 - Position>Component>Clearance (Behind)

5 Under ID
Note: The form settings Clearance 0 Cursor
would achieve the same
result in this example.
For non–orthogonal pipelines, the following options are applicable:
Clearance 50 Onto ID Cursor
constrained 50
centreline
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Clearance 50 Under ID Cursor
Figure 27 - Positioning with Clearance Onto/Under another Item

constrained Clearance 50 Infront ID Cursor

centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Clearance 50 Behind ID Cursor
Figure 28 - Positioning with Clearance In-front / Behind another Item

Exercise 7 (Pipe Editing)

Continuing from the elbow created in the previous exercise we are going to create
two more elbows but this time we are going to position the elbows relative to the
steelwork.
Set-up the design display to include pipe /100-C-13 and the pipe bridge steelwork
/PIPEWAY
Create a new elbow and position it 300mm after the column /
Use Position > Component > Plane Clearance
Set the form as shown
Select Apply and Identify Column /COL-B3

Your elbow should be positioned as shown.
Direct the Elbow leave to point up.
Another elbow is created and positioned so that the bottom of pipe is resting on the
steelwork.
Position > Component >BOP/TOP
Select Apply and Identify beam /AB4H

Copying Branches
If you have branches of a pipe that contain similar components you may copy a
complete branch then move it into position.
To create a copy, select the branch to be copied then choose
Create > Copy > Offset
This will display the Copy form we have seen earlier. Complete the form then select
OK. You will need to reconnect the branch head and tail and also rename the new
branch.

Session 2
Data Consistency Checker
This module shows you how to check the logical consistency of your design data,
enabling you to find and correct the most common types of design error.
You will normally carry out data consistency checks before you run the clash
detection facilities. It is more convenient to do a data check on individual pipes than
to do the whole Plant in one go. There may be too many errors to sort out at once.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will able to:

Understand the difference between errors and warnings .
Describe clearly some of the more common errors.
Run a check to screen or file.
Specify Parameters and Tolerances.
Understand most of the diagnostic messages.
Must Know Points
The following points need to be understood by the trainees.

The importance of correctly positioned and orientated piping components
How components are connected and the significance of different connection
types
How tube is manipulated within a design sequence.

How elements can reference each other

Possible Types of Data Error

The data consistency checking utility, available within DESIGN’s Piping and
Structural applications, checks the following aspects of your design (piping examples
shown):
Angular Alignment
Checks that components which are to be connected together are aligned in the same
direction:
PA is W30N
N
PL is E
Axial Alignment
Checks that components which are to be connected together are aligned on a
common axis:
offset axes N
Consistent Bores
Checks that components which are to be connected together have consistent bores:
Leave Bore Arrive Bore
50 100
Connection Types
Checks that components which are to be connected together have compatible
connection types:
Flange Screwed
connection connection
Minimum Tube Length

Checks that no length of tube is less than a prescribed minimum (which may depend
on its bore).
Component A Component B
Tube too short to

allow
for practical assembly

Starting the Data Consistency Checks

To carry out data consistency checking from within the Piping application, select
Utilities>Data Consistency. You will see the following form:
By using this form, you can generate a diagnostic report on the data consistency of
any part of your design.
You may list the report on your screen (in the area in the lower half of the form), or
you may send it to a file from which you can print a hard copy version. Select
Terminal or File and, in the latter case, specify the directory and filename. Choose
the hierarchic level at which you want to check the design using the Check list near
top left of the form. The default is the current element.
Specifying Parameters and Tolerances
The data checking utility allows a margin of acceptable error before it diagnoses that
you may have a problem. These built–in tolerances have default values, but you may
set your own values if you prefer.
As an example, by default your report will warn you of all lengths of tube in your
design which are shorter than 100mm. This allows you to decide whether each such
length is adequate for welding procedures, bolt withdrawal, access, and so on. You
can change the acceptable minimum length from 100mm, and may set different
minima for up to ten different pipe bore ranges if you wish. For example:
A minimum length of 150mm for bores between 25 and 50.

A minimum length of 300mm for bores between 50 and 100.

To change any of the consistency check tolerances, use the appropriate Parameters
button on the form (Piping for our current examples).
You will see a subsidiary form on which you can change any of the current
tolerances before carrying out the data checks.
The Report Format

The report comprises a header, giving the date and time, followed by an itemised list
of the elements being checked, together with numbered diagnostic messages
describing any potential problems. For example:
DATE 11 FEBRUARY 99 TIME 14.12
PIPE /PIPE2
BRAN /PIPE2/B1
B 10 TAIL REFERENCE NOT SET
END
If no problems are found, you will see the message:
*** NO DATA INCONSISTENCIES ***
The Diagnostic Messages

You will find a full list of the data consistency diagnostic messages, each identified
by a reference number, in the DESIGN Reference Manual. With experience, you will
be able to identify which messages indicate errors which must be corrected, and
which are merely warnings of potential problems.
As an example, we will consider the design feature shown below, namely a Pipe to
Pipe connection, and will look at some of the messages which might result.

A230
GASK HEAD TAIL FLAN
FLOW
PArrive PLeave
GBD HCONN TCONN FBD

FBD GBD
D430 E730
(On GASK) B230 (On FLAN)
PIPE A PIPE B
The connection as shown is a valid one. If any of the connection types were
changed, you might see the following messages:
A230 CONNECTION TYPE HCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION
TYPE
The connection types FBD-FBD in this example must be the same.
B230 CONNECTION TYPE TCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION
TYPE
The connection types GBD-GBD in this example must be the same.
D430 BAD ARRIVE CONNECTION TYPE
The connection types GBD-FBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the
COCO tables.
E730 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE (of the Flange) NOT COMPATIBLE WITH
TCONN
The connection types FBD-GBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the
COCO tables.

Some Examples of Diagnostic Messages

The following examples explain the significance of some of the messages you might
see during this training course:
Branch–Specific Diagnostics
Branch Head Errors
The following diagnostics apply only to the Head of a Branch:
A 10 HEAD REFERENCE NOT SET
The Head reference should only be unset (i.e. zero) if the Head Connection Type
HCONN is set to OPEN, VENT, CLOS or DRAN.
A 20 HEAD REFERENCE POINTS TO NONEXISTENT ELEMENT
This error would result from the deletion of a component, such as a Nozzle, to which
the Head of the Branch was originally connected.
A 30 BAD HEAD RETURN REFERENCE
The Head is connected to an element that does not refer back to the Branch. This
can occur when the Head of a Branch is connected to another Branch, implying that
a Tee should be placed somewhere along the second Branch. The error can also
occur when two or more branches are inadvertently connected to the same terminal.
A200 DIRECTION HDIR NOT SAME AS TERMINAL DIRECTION
If the Head is connected to a terminal, such as a Nozzle or Tee, then the direction
HDIR should always be identical to that of the appropriate p–point of the terminal.
A210 POSITION HPOS NOT SAME AS TERMINAL POSITION
If the Head is connected to a terminal, such as a Nozzle or Tee, then the position
HPOS should always be identical to that of the appropriate p–point of the terminal.
A230 CONNECTION TYPE HCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION
TYPE
If the Head is connected to a terminal, such as a Nozzle or Tee, then the connection
type HCONN should always be identical to that of the appropriate p–point of the
terminal.
A300 REFERENCE HSTUBE UNSET
There is more than 1mm of tube between the Head and the p–arrive of the first
Component (or the Tail), but HSTUBE is unset.
A310 REFERENCE HSTUBE REFERS TO A NONEXISTENT SPCOM
This may occur if part of the Specification has been deleted.
A320 HSTUBE PROBLEM, CATREF IN SPCOM IS UNSET
This indicates an error in the Specification.

A330 HSTUBE PROBLEM, CATREF IN THE SPCOM REFERS TO

NONEXISTENT Catalogue COMPONENT
This may occur if part of the Catalogue has been deleted or if the CATREF is unset.
A400 HBORE NOT SAME AS BORE OF HSTUBE
The bore of any tube leading from the Head, determined from the Catalogue, should
always be identical to HBORE.
A410 HCON NOT COMPATIBLE WITH CONNECTION TYPE OF HSTUBE
The connection type of any tube leading from the Head, determined from the
Catalogue, should be compatible with HCONN.
A420 ISPEC REFERENCE POINTS TO NONEXISTENT ELEMENT
This error would occur if, for example, the Insulation Specification pointed to by
ISPEC had been deleted.
Branch Tail Errors
The same type of errors may occur to the Tail of a Branch. The message numbers
are the same as for the Head errors but are preceded by a B. For example:
B 10 TAIL REFERENCE NOT SET
The Tail reference should only be unset (i.e. zero) if the Tail connection type TCONN
is set to OPEN, VENT, CLOS or DRAN.
Plain Branch Errors
The following diagnostics can occur only for Branches with no piping components:
C500 TUBE TOO SHORT BETWEEN HEAD AND TAIL
The distance between the Head position, HPOS, and the Tail position, TPOS, is
greater than zero and less than the specified minimum tube length (default: 100mm).
C510 BAD HEAD TO TAIL GEOMETRY
Either the Head position, HPOS, does not lie at a positive distance along the line
through TPOS in the direction TDIR or the Tail position, TPOS, does not lie at a
positive distance along the line through HPOS in the direction HDIR.
The following illustration shows some typical examples:

C520 HBORE NOT SAME AS TBORE

When there are no components on the branch, the Head bore, HBORE, should be
identical to the Tail bore, TBORE.
C530 HCONN IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH TCONN
This implies that the Head is connected directly to the Tail with no Tube or piping
components in between; hence the Head connection type, HCONN, must be
compatible with the Tail connection type, TCONN.
C540 THIS BRANCH HAS NO COMPONENTS
This does not necessarily indicate an error. It is output as a warning.
Component–Specific Diagnostics
The following errors apply to individual piping components and, in some cases, to
their adjacent connections. Some of the errors also apply to Nozzles.
All–Component Diagnostics
These are applicable to any component, regardless of its position in the network:
D100 REFERENCE SPREF UNSET
This probably means that you have forgotten to choose the piping component
correctly.
D300 CONN REFERENCE NOT SET
Multi–way Components may be left unconnected only if the connection type of the
relevant p–point is OPEN, CLOS, VENT, DRAN or NULL.
D310 CONN REFERENCE POINTS TO NON–EXISTENT BRANCH
This may occur if the Branch which is pointed to by the CONN reference has been
deleted.

D320 BAD CONN RETURN REFERENCE

This may occur if the Branch which is pointed to by the CONN reference has been
reconnected to another terminal.
D400 ARRIVE TUBE LESS THAN TUBE MINIMUM. ACTUAL TUBE LENGTH IS ...
The distance between the arrive p–point of this component and the leave p–point of
the previous component (or Head) is greater than zero and less than the specified
minimum tube length (default: 100mm).
D410 BAD ARRIVE GEOMETRY
The position and direction of the arrive p–point of this component are not correct with
respect to the leave p–point of the previous component (or Head). The error could
be caused by incorrect positioning of this component, the previous component (or
Head) or both.
The following illustration shows some typical examples:

D420 BAD ARRIVE BORE

The bore of the arrive p–point of this component is not equal to the bore of the
preceding tube or, if this component is not preceded by tube, to the bore of the leave
p–point of the previous component (or HBORE).
D430 BAD ARRIVE CONNECTION TYPE
The connection type of the arrive p–point of this component is not compatible with
the preceding tube or, if this component is not preceded by tube, to the connection
type of the leave p–point of the previous component (or HCONN).
D500 REFERENCE LSTUBE UNSET
You have probably forgotten to select the piping Component.
D600 LEAVE BORE NOT SAME AS BORE OF LSTUBE

The bore of the leave p–point of this Component is not the same as the bore of the
tube following the Component.
D610 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH CONNECTION
TYPE OF LSTUBE
The connection type of the leave p–point of this Component is not compatible with
the tube following the component.
End–Component Diagnostics
These are applicable only to the last component in a Branch:
E700 LEAVE TUBE LESS THAN TUBE MINIMUM. ACTUAL TUBE LENGTH IS ...
The distance between the leave p–point of the current component and the tail
position, TPOS, is greater than zero and less than the specified minimum tube length
(default: 100mm).
E710 BAD LEAVE GEOMETRY
The position and direction of the leave p–point of this component are not correct with
respect to the position, TPOS, and direction, TDIR, of the tail. The error could be
caused by incorrect positioning of this component, the Tail, or both.
E720 LEAVE BORE NOT SAME AS TBORE
The bore of the leave p–point of this component is not the same as the tail bore,
TBORE.
E730 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH TCONN
The connection type of the leave p–point of this component is not compatible with
the tail connection type TCONN.
Exercise 8 (Data consistency check)

Data consistency check all the pipes you have created so far. Try to correct any
inconsistencies.
Continue building the rest of the pipework, checking each one as you build it.

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11.

Session 1 ................................................................ 1-1

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 Contents-i

The Diagnostic Messages .......................................................................... 2-5

Contents-ii Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 09/05/02 1-1

Must Know Points

The following points need to be understood by the trainees:

1-2 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Piping in PDMS: Basic Concepts

There is a separate design hierarchy for pipe routing, as shown in Figure 1. In

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-3

These simple concepts enable any number of piping configurations to be developed,

A1A-TRA = ANSI CLASS 150 CARBON STEEL

A3B-TRA = ANSI CLASS 300 CARBON STEEL

F1C-TRA = ANSI CLASS 150 STAINLESS STEEL

Setting the Appropriate Specification

Having decided on the appropriate

When you enter the Piping Application the

1-4 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

The default Piping

Used for the Creation

Used for reselecting

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-5

Pipe Creation Form

Pipes are created using the Create Pipe

The Bore field indicated on the form is the

1-6 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Pipe Branch Heads and Tails

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-7

The attributes for heads of branches are: -

HPOS The position in the zone where the branch starts.

HBOR The bore of the pipe (this can be metric or imperial).

HSTU This is a reference to the catalogue, which determines the material of

The attributes for tails of branches are: -

TPOS The position in the zone where the branch ends.

TBOR The bore of the pipe (this can be metric or imperial).

1-8 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Used to position the

Used to connect the

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-9

Pipe Branch Head / Tail Positioned Explicitly

When setting the Branch Head or Tail

The Bore, Connection and Position are self

The Head Direction is the direction of the

1-10 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Pipe Branch Head / Tail Connected

Using the Pick Button the Name box can be

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-11

Pipe Branch Components (Pipe Fittings)

There tube is not created explicitly it is created automatically or implied by placing

1-12 Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04

Creating Branch Components (Pipe Fittings)

The “Component Types” list shows the piping

You could select components from an

Components are created by selecting the

Module 5 Piping Design – Issue 12/10/04 1-13

Component Creation Form

The Component Creation form shows details

For example a Flange may be Slip-on, Weld

You will be required to select the Sub-Type

Items are created in order with or against the