ELE - 304 en 01 CP GBL Electrical Arc Flash

Global Manufacturing Training
ELE-304
ELECTRICAL ARC FLASH
Module Release Date: July 2009 Slide 1

Main Menu
• Introduction
• Electrical Arc Flash Hazards
• Protection Strategy
• Mitigation of Risk
• Arc Flash Best Practice
• Summary

Slide 2
ELE-304 − Electrical Arc Flash
INTRODUCTION

Menu Slide 3
INTRODUCTION
Learning Objectives
• After completing this Module, you will be able to describe:
– Arc Flash Hazards (What is it?)
– Arc Flash Protection Strategy
– Mitigation of Risk
– Arc Flash ExxonMobil Best Practice

Menu Slide 4
INTRODUCTION
Training Process and Final Verification
• Training Process:
– Classroom Training
– Written test demonstrating understanding of arc flash hazards
• Final verification of your training is achieved when you:

– Successfully complete Classroom Training
– Take and pass Closed Book verification test
Note:
Verification must be based solely on your own work. Once you begin,
you may not refer to any documentation other than the verification itself,
unless the instructions clearly identify a specific document that may be
used. Further, it is not permissible to use another person's work, have
possession of the verification solutions, or receive assistance during the
verification (other than intervention needed to protect personnel or
equipment).

Menu Slide 5
ELECTRICAL ARC FLASH
HAZARDS

Menu Slide 6
ELECTRICAL ARC FLASH HAZARDS
Nature of Electrical Arc Flash
• Arc flash is hot plasma powered by current flow

– Similar to arc of electric welder, but unregulated current flow
– Lightning is another similar phenomenon
• Energy in flash primarily governed by:

– Amount of current flow (short-circuit current capacity of circuit)
– Circuit voltage
– Time current flows (governed by fault interrupter characteristics)
• Arc flash current flow can be caused by:

– Short circuits
– Poor electrical contact
– Insulation failure
– Errors by workers in proximity to energized circuits

Menu Slide 7
Effects on Human Body
• Two hazards presented by electricity:

– Electric shock – contact with live circuit required
– Arc flash burns – requires only proximity to flash
• Arc flash has two major effects on human body:

– Burns caused by high heat
 Arc temperature can reach 35,000ºF (20,000ºC)
 Materials vaporized by high heat can come into contact with worker,
increasing severity of injuries
 Combustible clothing can be ignited and burn
 Environmental conditions like high humidity can increase risk
– Concussion-caused injuries
 Rapidly expanding hot gas can knock worker over
 Resulting fall injuries dependent upon environment
 Directed plasma flow, such as arc flash inside an enclosure, can increase
severity of force

Menu Slide 8
Effects on Human Body (Continued)
• Heat-related injuries dependent upon temperature and time:

– At 111º F (44ºC) cell damage begins after six hours
– Between 111ºF (44ºC) and 124ºF (51ºC), rate of cell destruction doubles
for each 1ºC rise in temperature
– At 158ºF (70ºC), total cell destruction occurs after one second
– At 205ºF (96ºC), incurable burns occur after 0.1 second
• Objective: calculate distance beyond which only curable burns

will be sustained by those in proximity to flash and not wearing
PPE
– Known as arc flash protection boundary
– Established as distance where 1.2 cal/cm2 energy incident
– Exposure inside this distance subjects worker to non-curable burns
without appropriate PPE

Menu Slide 9
Electrical Arc Flash Hazards Review Questions
Please answer the following questions
Continue

Slide 10
Review Question 1
• Arc flash energy depends on which three of the following?
A. Circuit voltage
B. Line frequency
C. Short-circuit current capability of circuit
D. Time duration of arc
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Click on the correct button.

Slide 11
Answer to Q1 is Incorrect!
Sorry, that is not correct

• You included something that does not affect arc flash energy
Try Again

Slide 12
Answer to Q1 is Correct!
• Arc flash energy depends on the following:
A. Circuit voltage
B. Line frequency
C. Short-circuit current capability of circuit
D. Time duration of arc
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 13
Review Question 2
• Arc flash has which three of the following risks associated with
it?
A. Electric shock
B. Burns from arc flash heat
C. Burns from vaporized material
D. Concussion-type injuries due to arc blast
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 14

• One of your choices is not a risk associated with arc flash. Try
again.
Try Again

Slide 15
• Arc flash has these three risks associated with it:
A. Electric shock
B. Burns from arc flash heat
C. Burns from vaporized material
D. Concussion-type injuries due to arc blast
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 16
PROTECTION STRATEGY

Menu Slide 17
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Identify and Quantify Risk
• Steps required to establish protection strategy:
– Identify risk scenarios

 Understand where exposure to arc flash exists
– Calculate magnitude of arc flash energy

 Using knowledge of voltage and current capacity of circuit
– Determine arc flash protection boundary

 Establish perimeter within which PPE is required
– Specify level of PPE needed to protect workers

 Determined by incident energy and proximity needed to perform task

Menu Slide 18
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Identify Risk Scenarios
• First step: determine tasks that expose workers to risk:
– Pushing in/pulling out MCC starter bucket
– Racking in/out SWGR circuit breakers
– Contactor/breaker operation
– Voltage phasing
– Work on energized panel boards
– Resetting tripped breakers
– Working on energized parts
– Operating isolation switches

Menu Slide 19
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Calculating Arc Flash Energy
• Second step: evaluate severity of risk by calculating incident

energy
• Incident energy level a function of:

– Short-circuit current capacity of system
– Resistance of arc
– Arc fault clearing time (time for circuit breaker to trip)
– Distance from flash source
• Method used described in IEEE 1584 and amendments

– Calculate energy based upon 100% and 85% of short circuit current
 85% current might have higher energy because fault clearing time might be
significantly longer than at 100% current
– Higher energy result used to calculate arc flash protection boundary
 Distance beyond which only a “curable” (second degree) burn would result

Menu Slide 20
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Determining Arc Flash Protection Boundary
• Third step: establish safe working distance
• Minimum distance at which worker would receive curable

(second degree) burns should arc flash occur
• Distance within which worker must wear appropriate PPE
• Size of boundary dependent upon:

– Energy level of arc flash
– Material being vaporized – vaporized metal increases boundary size
– Geometry of arc flash site:
 Does energy propagate in all directions?
 Is energy constrained to flow in one direction (i.e. in an enclosure)?

Menu Slide 21
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Establish PPE Required
• Fourth step: determine level of PPE required from calculated

incident energy level
• PPE determined by both arc flash exposure and voltage levels

– Long-sleeved fire retardant (FR) shirt/pants, safety glasses and shoes
– Arc flash face-shield if incident energy > 1.2 cal/cm2
– Arc flash hood if incident energy > 8 cal/cm2
– Arc flash suit if incident energy exceeds basic FR clothing rating
• In addition to arc flash PPE:

– Always wear appropriate voltage rated gloves and safety glasses
– Use approved insulated tools and/or insulating barriers, blankets, shields
– Consider hearing protection if incident energy level > 1.2 cal/cm2
– Use second person for safety where required by best practice
– Never wear nylon, acetate, rayon or polyester undergarments – they melt

Menu Slide 22
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Protection Strategy Review Questions
Continue

Slide 23
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Review Question 3
• Pick the three true statements about arc flash protection

boundary:
A. PPE must always be worn when working inside the boundary
B. Burns greater than second degree can be expected if an arc flash
occurs while working inside the boundary without PPE
C. You cannot be injured while outside the arc flash protection boundary
D. Higher energy arc flashes have a larger protection boundary
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 24
PROTECTION STRATEGY

• You included something that is not true about arc flash
protection boundary. Give it another try.
Try Again

Slide 25
PROTECTION STRATEGY
• These are true statements about arc flash protection

boundary:
A. PPE must always be worn when working inside the boundary
B. Burns greater than second degree can be expected if an arc flash
occurs while working inside the boundary without PPE
C. You cannot be injured while outside the arc flash protection
boundary
D. Higher energy arc flashes have a larger protection boundary
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 26
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Review Question 4
• Which three of the following tasks might expose a worker to

arc flash?
A. Working on energized parts

B. Determining motor phase rotation
C. Contactor/breaker operation
D. Resetting tripped breakers
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 27
PROTECTION STRATEGY

• You included something that does not put a worker at risk for
arc flash
Try Again

Slide 28
PROTECTION STRATEGY
• These tasks might expose a worker to arc flash:
A. Working on energized parts

B. Determining motor phase rotation
C. Contactor/breaker operation
D. Resetting tripped breakers
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 29
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Review Question 5
• Choose the three correct statements:

A. Lower-current arc flashes sometimes generate more energy than
higher current flashes
B. Longer lasting arc flashes are often more dangerous than short
duration flashes
C. Incident energy drops off with increasing distance from flash source
D. Vaporized metals absorb flash energy and reduce the hazard level
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 30
PROTECTION STRATEGY

• You included something that is not true
Try Again

Slide 31
PROTECTION STRATEGY
• Here are the three correct statements:

A. Lower-current arc flashes sometimes generate more energy than
higher current flashes
B. Longer lasting arc flashes are often more dangerous than short
duration flashes
C. Incident energy drops off with increasing distance from flash source
D. Vaporized metals absorb flash energy and reduce the hazard level
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 32
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Review Question 6
• Which three of the following are true about arc flash PPE?
A. Arc flash PPE is intended to prevent burns while working inside the
flash protection boundary
B. Arc flash PPE provides adequate protection from electric shock
C. Normal FR clothing should be worn under arc flash PPE
D. Safety glasses should be worn under an arc flash face-shield
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 33
PROTECTION STRATEGY

• You included something that is not true about arc flash PPE
Try Again

Slide 34
PROTECTION STRATEGY
• The following are true about arc flash PPE:

A. Arc flash PPE is intended to prevent burns while working inside
the flash protection boundary
B. Arc flash PPE provides adequate protection from electric shock
C. Normal FR clothing should be worn under arc flash PPE
D. Safety glasses should be worn under an arc flash face-shield
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 35
PROTECTION STRATEGY
Review Question 7
• Which three of the following should be used along with arc

flash PPE?
A. Nylon, polyester, rayon or acetate undergarments

B. Appropriately rated voltage gloves
C. Ear protection if incident energy is greater than 1.2 cal/cm2
D. Approved insulated tools, blankets, barriers, etc.
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 36
PROTECTION STRATEGY

• You included something that should not be used with arc flash
PPE
Try Again

Slide 37
PROTECTION STRATEGY
• These pieces of equipment should be used along with arc flash

PPE:
A. Nylon, polyester, rayon or acetate undergarments

B. Appropriately rated voltage gloves
C. Ear protection if incident energy is greater than 1.2 cal/cm2
D. Approved insulated tools, blankets, barriers, etc.
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 38
MITIGATION OF RISK

Menu Slide 39
MITIGATION OF RISK
Approach to Reduce Arc Flash Injuries
• Three-pronged approach to reducing injuries caused by arc

flash:
– Reduce risk exposure opportunities

 Fewer exposures to potentially hazardous tasks reduce incidents of injury
 Take systemic approach to reducing exposure
– Use appropriate personal protective equipment

 Understand what PPE is required when exposed to arc flash risk
– Identify and label potentially hazardous equipment

 Clearly label areas where arc flash hazards can be expected to exist

Menu Slide 40
MITIGATION OF RISK
Reduce Risk Exposure
• Systematically reduce incident energy level exposure by:
– Review protective devices/fuse size
– Eliminate or reduce frequency of tasks that expose workers to live un-

insulated parts
 Live work
 Proximity work
 Testing
– Reduce frequency of rack-in/rack-out operations
– Increase distance between workers and arc flash sources

 Use remote racking
 Increase length of operating tools

Menu Slide 41
MITIGATION OF RISK
Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Arc Flash PPE intended to prevent serious injury inside arc

flash protection boundary
• Level of PPE determined by:

– Calculated incident energy
– Proximity required by task
• As incident energy at working distance increases, higher level

of PPE needed to avoid injury
– Fire retardant clothing and undergarments (always)
– Safety glasses
– Arc flash face-shields
– Fire-retardant hoods w/face-shields
– Arc flash suit (coat/pants or coveralls) rated for energy level expected

Menu Slide 42
MITIGATION OF RISK
Labeling of Equipment
• Arc flash warning labels located on or near equipment where

arc flash hazards exist
• Label should include information on required PPE and Arc

Flash Protection Boundary
! WARNING !
Arc Flash Hazards
Appropriate PPE Required
160” Flash Protection Boundary
59 cal/cm2 Flash Hazard at 18”
100 cal/cm2 Flash Suit, Face-Shield, Hood
480 V MCC 11-2

Sample Label

Menu Slide 43
MITIGATION OF RISK
Mitigation of Risk Review Questions
Continue

Slide 44
MITIGATION OF RISK
Review Question 8
• Which three of the following will reduce risk of arc flash injury?
A. Reducing exposure opportunities

B. Wearing appropriate PPE for the arc flash exposure level
C. Properly grounding the PPE
D. Labeling machinery and circuitry that pose an arc flash hazard
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 45
MITIGATION OF RISK

• You included something that does not reduce the risk of arc
flash injury
Try Again

Slide 46
MITIGATION OF RISK
• These three will reduce risk of arc flash injury:
A. Reducing exposure opportunities

B. Wearing appropriate PPE for the arc flash exposure level
C. Properly grounding the PPE
D. Labeling machinery and circuitry that pose an arc flash hazard
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 47
MITIGATION OF RISK
Review Question 9
• Which three of the following will reduce the likelihood of arc

flash incidents?
A. Manually cycling breakers to verify proper operation
B. Correctly sizing fuses and circuit breakers for the load
C. Reduce the frequency of tasks that pose an arc flash risk
D. Increasing the distance between workers and arc flash sources
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 48
MITIGATION OF RISK

• You included something that does not reduce the likelihood of
arc flash incidents
Try Again

Slide 49
MITIGATION OF RISK
• The following will reduce the likelihood of arc flash incidents:
A. Manually cycling breakers to verify proper operation

B. Correctly sizing fuses and circuit breakers for the load
C. Reduce the frequency of tasks that pose an arc flash risk
D. Increasing the distance between workers and arc flash sources
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 50
MITIGATION OF RISK
Review Question 10
• Choose the three statements that are true about arc flash
warning labels:
A. They should be placed on or near potential arc flash hazards
B. They specify maximum short circuit current capability of the circuit
C. They provide information on level of PPE required for calculated
incident energy
D. They provide information about size of arc flash protection boundary
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 51
MITIGATION OF RISK

• You included something that is not true about arc flash
warning labels
Try Again

Slide 52
MITIGATION OF RISK
• These are true statements about arc flash warning labels:

A. They should be placed on or near potential arc flash hazards
B. They specify maximum short circuit current capability of the
circuit
C. They provide information on level of PPE required for calculated
incident energy
D. They provide information about size of arc flash protection
boundary
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 53
ARC FLASH BEST PRACTICE

Menu Slide 54
Scope and Application
• Purpose
– Assess risks of potential arc flash hazards
– Reduce exposure to potential arc flash hazards
– Protect against injury
• Scope
– Determine tasks that require use of arc flash PPE
– Complete arc flash calculations to:
 Establish potential energy levels at point of work
 Assess arc flash protection boundary within which required PPE must be
worn
– Select certified and properly rated PPE to prevent serious injury if arc
flash were to occur
– Ensure that designated PPE is readily available, and training to ensure
its use is in place

Menu Slide 55
Best Practices Review Questions
Continue

Slide 56
Review Question 11
• Which three of the following are arc flash best practices

required at every site?
A. Determine tasks that pose an arc flash hazard
B. Calculate incident energy levels at the point of work
C. Establish arc flash protection boundaries where hazards exist
D. Each worker shall purchase his/her own personal protection equipment
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D

Slide 57

• You included something that is not something that each site
should do under Best Practice.
Try Again

Slide 58
• These three are arc flash best practices required at every site:
A. Determine tasks that pose an arc flash hazard

B. Calculate incident energy levels at the point of work
C. Establish arc flash protection boundaries where hazards exist
D. Each worker shall purchase his/her own personal protection
equipment
A A A B
B C B C
C D D D
Continue

Slide 59
SUMMARY

Menu Slide 60
SUMMARY
What You Have Learned
• Having completed this Module, you should now understand:
– Arc Flash Hazards (What is it?)
– Arc Flash Protection Strategy
– Mitigation of Risk
– ExxonMobil Arc Flash Best Practice
• You should now be prepared for closed book Verification Test

Menu Slide 61

ELE - 304 en 01 CP GBL Electrical Arc Flash

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELE - 304 en 01 CP GBL Electrical Arc Flash

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Global Manufacturing Training

Module Release Date: July 2009 Slide 1

Global Manufacturing Training

Global Manufacturing Training

• After completing this Module, you will be able to describe:

– Arc Flash Hazards (What is it?)

– Arc Flash Protection Strategy

– Arc Flash ExxonMobil Best Practice

Global Manufacturing Training

Training Process and Final Verification

• Final verification of your training is achieved when you:

Global Manufacturing Training

Global Manufacturing Training

Nature of Electrical Arc Flash

• Arc flash is hot plasma powered by current flow

• Energy in flash primarily governed by:

• Arc flash current flow can be caused by:

Global Manufacturing Training

Effects on Human Body

• Two hazards presented by electricity:

• Arc flash has two major effects on human body:

Global Manufacturing Training

Effects on Human Body (Continued)

• Heat-related injuries dependent upon temperature and time:

• Objective: calculate distance beyond which only curable burns

Global Manufacturing Training

Electrical Arc Flash Hazards Review Questions

Please answer the following questions

Global Manufacturing Training

• Arc flash energy depends on which three of the following?

Click on the correct button.

Global Manufacturing Training

Sorry, that is not correct

Global Manufacturing Training

• Arc flash energy depends on the following:

Global Manufacturing Training

Click on the correct button.

Global Manufacturing Training

Sorry, that is not correct

Global Manufacturing Training

Global Manufacturing Training

Global Manufacturing Training

Identify and Quantify Risk

• Steps required to establish protection strategy:

– Identify risk scenarios

– Calculate magnitude of arc flash energy

– Determine arc flash protection boundary

– Specify level of PPE needed to protect workers

Global Manufacturing Training

Identify Risk Scenarios

• First step: determine tasks that expose workers to risk:

– Pushing in/pulling out MCC starter bucket

– Racking in/out SWGR circuit breakers

– Work on energized panel boards

– Resetting tripped breakers

– Working on energized parts

– Operating isolation switches

Global Manufacturing Training

Calculating Arc Flash Energy

• Second step: evaluate severity of risk by calculating incident

• Incident energy level a function of:

• Method used described in IEEE 1584 and amendments