PROJECT REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

PLANT LEAF DISEASE PREDICTION USING TRANSFER LEARNING

UE19CS390A – Project Phase – 1

Submitted by:

1. Harisahmed I Nidagundi PES2UG19CS140

2. Mohammed Ismail PES2UG19CS239
3. Zafeer Ahamed PES2UG20CS816
4. Sneha Sujit Saha PES2UG19CS393

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sreenath MV
PES University

January - May 2022

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PES UNIVERSITY
(Established under Karnataka Act No. 16 of 2013)
Electronic City, Hosur Road, Bengaluru – 560 100, Karnataka, India
 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction 3
1.1 Project Scope and Motivation 3
2. Literature Survey or Existing System 3
3. Product Perspective 3
3.1 Product Features 3
3.2 User Classes and Characteristics 3
3.3 Operating Environment 3
3.4 General Constraints, Assumptions and Dependencies 3
3.5 Risks 4
4. Functional Requirements 4
5. External Interface Requirements 4
5.1 User Interfaces 4
5.2 Hardware Requirements 4
5.3 Software Requirements 4
5.4 Communication Interfaces 5
6. Non-Functional Requirements 5
6.1 Performance Requirements 5
6.2 Safety Requirements 5
6.3 Security Requirements 5
7. Other Requirements 5
Appendix A: Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations 5
Appendix B: References 5

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1. Introduction
The main objective of this document is to outline the requirements for the ‘Plant Leaf
Disease Prediction Using Transfer Learning’. This document contains all of the
software requirement specifics. It contains a general description of how it is going to
work, and what technologies we are using to make it work. We will also outline and
describe specific components of the project.

1.1. Project Scope

The main agenda of the project is to detect for the leaf diseases in plants like cotton,
paddy, and tomato by taking the picture of the leaf disease as an input and giving the
name of the disease along with the remedial measures as output.
The goal of the project is to maximize the accuracy of prediction model.

2. Literature Survey or Existing System

1. Deep Learning model for early prediction of plant disease
 Summary: This research work focuses on one of the main challenges in
agricultural land i.e., disease prediction. The disease in crop plants affects
agricultural production, so a model is proposed to automate a method for the
prediction of disease in plants and intimating the farmers to take appropriate
action beforehand. The research work has discussed the development of a
machine learning model that identifies whether a plant is diseased or healthy.
 Worked on: Tomato Plant Disease
 Technologies Used: CNN VGG16 and Dense Net using transfer learning
 Accuracy: Random Forest – 97% CNN – 98%

2. Plant Disease Prediction and Classification using Deep Learning ConvNets

 Summary: Agriculture is hugely important to humans as a food source. As
a result, plant diseases detection has become a major concern. Traditional
methods for identifying plant disease are available. However, agriculture
professionals or plant pathologists have traditionally employed empty eye
inspection to detect leaf disease. They have applied ConvNets on three
different datasets.
 Worked on: Tomato, Pepper and Potato Plant Disease Detection.
 Technologies Used: ConvNet or CNN, Random Forest
 Accuracy: Random Forest – 97% CNN – 98%

3. Identification of cucumber lead diseases using deep learning and small

sample size for agricultural Internet of Things
 Summary: This research developed a novel identification approach of
cucumber leaf diseases based on small sample size and deep convolutional

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neural network. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach

achieved the average identification accuracy of 96.11% and 90.67% when
implemented on the data sets of lesion and raw field diseased leaf images with
three different diseases of anthracnose, downy mildew, and powdery mildew.
 Worked On: Cucumber Leaf disease prediction
 Technologies Used: CNN, VGG16, SVM, Adaboost, kNN
 Accuracy: For Anthracnose, CNN – 97% VGG16 – 87% SVM – 79% Adaboost –
67% kNN – 74%

4. Identification of Sunflower Leaf Diseases Based on Random Forest

 Summary: In this paper, powdery mildew, bacterial leaf spot, black spot and
downy mildew of sunflower leaves were studied. According to the test results,
the overall accuracy rate of powdery mildew, bacterial leaf spot, black spot and
downy mildew of four common sunflower diseases is 95.0%, which has
practical application level.
 Worked On: Sunflower Leaves
 Technologies Used: K-means ++ and Random forest algorithm
 Accuracy: Random Forest – 95%

5. Classification of Plant Leaf Diseases Using Machine Learning and Image

Preprocessing Techniques
 Summary: In this paper they have introduced the artificial intelligence based
automatic plant leaf disease detection and classification for quick and easy
detection of disease and then classifying it and performing required remedies
to cure that disease. In this paper, a very accurate artificial intelligence
solution for detecting and classifying different plant leaf disease is presented
which makes use of convolutional neural network for classification purpose.
 Worked On: General Plants
 Technologies Used: Logistic regression, KNN, SVM, CNN
 Accuracy: Logistic Regression – 66% KNN – 54% SVM – 53% CNN – 97%

3. Product Perspective
Our product is being designed to be able to run on any of the systems that are capable
of running the snippets of ML(Machine Learning) Code , We look forward in creating
a simple web interface for the convenience of the user to make the process simple and
easy.

3.1. Product Features

The major features of the product:

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1. Image Segmentation:- Image segmentation is a key step in the subsequent

processing of disease image. Segmentation of images is done in order to
separate the leaves from the background.
2. Construct CNN:- This is the most complex deep learning model that we have
used to classify the diseases. As it is very complex hence it requires good
computational power as well. It is the most common neural network that is
applied to image classification problems. CNN is a neural network which
comprises of four layers namely-Convolutional layer, Pooling layer, Activation
function layer and Fully connected layer.
3. Transfer Learning:- Transfer Learning is further used to improve the
performance of the system, Transfer learning improves learning a new task
through knowledge transfer from a similar task that had already been learned,
it enables the system to learn from the similar event.

3.2. User Classes and Characteristics

Farmers:- The system is being mainly designed for them so they can reduce the hassle
of visiting a botanist.
Pathologist:- the system can be made used by pathologist who are very much
interested in studying plant diseases.

3.3. Operating Environment

The user must require a browser with a good internet connection. The System can be
used in all the major platforms.

3.4. General Constraints, Assumptions and Dependencies

 Regulatory policies:- Circumstances in which regulatory policies would not
be appropriate could include situations where a disease is already widely
distributed, unacceptable costs, lack of exclusion measures, or difficulties of
disease diagnosis.
 Hardware limitations:- Makes use of lot of GPU’s for the training process
 Parallel operations:- During training phase of the model the model is trained
in the distributed environment in order to improve the performance and
less training time.
 Criticality of application:- The images inputed for prediction must be clear .
 Safety and security consideration :- NULL

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3.5. Risks
1. Availability of training data might be a challenge for certain diseases.
2. Wrong detection / prediction of disease by the deployment model can be a
problem for the corps if medicated incorrectly.
3. Time boundaries may not be sufficient as per the assumptions made by the
team, due to the functional / design complexity, longer training time for the
model, and required research time.
4. The newly discovered diseases can be unfitted for the model due to less
information and ongoing research about the medications.

4. Functional Requirements
This may include,
1. Input: The user must input the image of disease effected leaf.
2. Sequence of operations:
 The user has to visit our website for prediction and detection of
the disease.
 The user must upload the image of the effected leaf.
 The image is then segmented in order to remove the
background noise.
 The segmented image is provided to the proposed model for
classification.
 The image is then classified.
 The remedial solution to the disease is displayed on the web
interface.
3. Error handling and recovery: If the uploaded image is irrelevant, then
the user is asked to give a valid input.
4. Consequences of parameters: If the quality of the uploaded image is not
good then the model would not be able to classify the image properly and
would not be able to provide the remedial solution.

5. External Interface Requirements

5.1. User Interfaces
 The UI is a simple web application.
 The upload image box is given in the web application for uploading the image.
 The buttons are provided for selecting the options according to the user needs.

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5.2. Hardware Requirements

Requires Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) (NVIDIA) and Central Processing Unit (CPU)
for image segmentation and model training and classification.

5.3. Software Requirements

 Name and Description:-
o Python:- Python is dynamically typed and garbage collected. It
supports multiple programming paradigms including structured
(particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional
programming.
 Version / Release Number:- version 3.9.0
 Operating Systems:- windows and mobiles with browser
 Tools and libraries:- Tensorflow

5.4. Communication Interfaces

Mobile camera can be used to take the image of the diseased leaf which will be
fed as an input to the system

6. Non-Functional Requirements
6.1. Performance Requirement

The response time might depend upon the image clarity and size of the image, A good
internet connection helps in fetching the results at faster speeds.

6.2. Safety Requirements

None currently

6.3. Security Requirements

None as of now

7. Other Requirements
None as of now.

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Appendix A: Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

GPU: Graphics Processing Unit, a specialized processor originally designed to
accelerate graphics rendering. GPUs can process many pieces of data simultaneously,
making them useful for machine learning, video editing, and gaming applications.
CPU: The CPU is the brain of a computer, containing all the circuitry needed to
process input, store data, and output results.
CNN: Convolutional neural network (CNN/ConvNet) is a class of deep neural
network, most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery.
Transfer Learning: Transfer learning (TL) is a research problem in machine learning
(ML) that focuses on storing knowledge gained while solving one problem and
applying it to a different but related problem.

Appendix B: References
[1] Sethy, P.K.; Barpanda, N.K.; Rath, A.K.; Behera, S.K. Deep feature based rice leaf disease
identification using support vector machine. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020, 175, 105527.
[2] Chen, J.; Chen, J.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Nanehkaran, Y.A. Using deep transfer learning for image-based
plant disease identification. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020, 173, 105393.
[3] Bai, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, L.; Zhang, J.; Lv, C.; Li, C.; Xie, J. Rice heading stage automatic observation by
multi-classifier cascade based rice spike detection method. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2018, 259, 260–270.
[4] Lee, S.H.; Goëau, H.; Bonnet, P.; Joly, A. New perspectives on plant disease characterization based
on deep learning. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020, 170, 105220.
[5] Too, E.C.; Yujian, L.; Njuki, S.; Yingchun, L. A comparative study of fine-tuning deep learning models
for plant disease identification. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2019, 161, 272–279.
[6] Babu, M.P.; Rao, B.S. Leaves Recognition Using Back Propagation Neural Network-Advice for Pest
and Disease Control on Crops.

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