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COVID-19 Prediction and
Plasma Donor Rectification

Using Machine Learning
Submitted in Partial fulfillment of Requirement for the award of the Degree of
MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Padma K
1MY18MCA14
Under the Guidance of
ABHISHEK K L Sunil Kumar N

Assistant Professor Technical Consultant
Department of MCA Intrella Technologies
Ramaiah Institute of and Software Services
Technology Pvt.Ltd.
Department of Master of Computer Applications
RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
Accredited by National Board of Accreditation & NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade
MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore-560054
www.msrit.edu
2021
Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me pleasure to present my project “COVID-19 Prediction And Plasma

Donor Rectification” With deep sense of gratitude, I am thankful to our beloved
Principal. I would like to thank our most respected HoD, Dr. S.Seema H K for
her pillared support, encouragement and for giving me an opportunity to
embark upon this topic and for his constant encouragement.
I would like to thank Mr. Abhishek K L, Assistant Professor, Department of

Master of Computer Applications, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, for his help
and support during the course of this project. I would also like to thank Mr.
Sunil Kumar N, Technical Consultant Intrella Technologies and Software
Services Pvt.Ltd, for ably guiding me during the course of the internship and
mentoring me during the project.
PADMA K
1MY18MCA14

COVID-19 Prediction And Plasma Donor Rectification
ABSTRACT
Monitoring and predicting the evolution of the epidemic becomes extremely meaningful for the
decision making against the public health crisis. Building the hardware and software
infrastructure for a clinically relevant system that is useful in practice is a problem which
presents unique challenges of its own. Our work focuses on the core algorithm, this project helps
to analysis and provided epidemic predictions under different scenarios with respect to different-
level anti-epidemic measure and medical care represented by the two model parameters, i.e.,
infection rate and removal rate. The predictions are supposed to be a helpful guide to the
decision making in coping with the ongoing 2019-nCoV transmission. Anybody can work with
this application as it upholds an easy-to-use approach. It gives graphical UIs to the client so the
client can without much of a stretch connect with the framework. Clients no compelling reason
to know about IDLE and Python ideas to utilize the application. The application is planned so
that it tends to be effectively carried out in any form of OS. Our application can predict the
corona virus attacks at the very earlier stages and can provide medication the patients to prevent
the corona virus attack at the very beginning stages. Our application records the behavior of the
patient and based on that it compares the data with the datasets collected by the corona virus
attack events data and based on the Machine Learning using SVM and KNN algorithms , the
patient data is used in deep learning models utilize large amounts of training data of corona virus
attack patients datasets to identify correlations between many variables to learn to process
incoming data of a new patient to detect the corona virus attack of the patient along with the
stages. Because of the earlier prediction, the patient can be saved from corona virus attack, which
leads for improving the country's healthcare sector.

Table of contents
Chapter CONTENTS Page No

1 Introduction 1
1.1Overview 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Feasibility Study 4

1.4 Existing Systems
5
1.5 Proposed System 6
2 Literature Survey 7
3 Hardware and Software Requirements 10
3.1 Hardware Requirements 10
3.2 Software Requirements
10
3.3 Tools And Technologies Used 10
4 Software Requirement Specification 15
4.1 Introduction 15
4.2 Overall Description 17
4.3 External interface Requirements 23
4.4 System Features 24

4.5 Other Requirements 25
5 System Design Description 27
5.1 Introduction 27
5.2 Data Flow Diagram 27
5.3 Use Case Diagrams 30

5.4 Sequence Diagrams 31
5.5 Activity Diagram 34
6 Implementation 36
6.1 Introduction 36
6.2 Parallel Conversion Type Of Implementation 36

6.3 Implementation Methodology Of The Project 38

6.4 Methodology
38
7 System Testing and Results 43
7.1 Introduction 44
7.2 The Various Types Of Testing Done On The System 44
7.3 Test Plan 46
7.4 Test Plans Used In Unit Testing
46
7.5 System Testing 47
8 Conclusion 49
9 Future Scope and Further Enhancement 50
References 51
User Manual 52

Figure No Figure Description Page No
Fig 1 System Architecture 19
Fig 2 Visual Studio 2019 21
Fig 3 .NET Framework Overview 27
Fig 4 Notation symbol 28
Fig 5 Data Flow Diagram 29
Fig 6 User Level 1 DFD 30
Fig 7 Use case diagram for User 31
Fig 8 Sequence diagram for user 33
Fig 9 Activity diagram for user 34
Fig 10 System Architecture of Proposed System 38
Fig. 11 The Testing process 44

COVID-19 Prediction And Plasma Donor Rectification 1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1. 1 Overview
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered

coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate
respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with
underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease,
and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily
through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes,
so it’s important that we also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a
flexed elbow).At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However,
there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. The COVID-19, an
acronym for “Coronavirus Disease-2019”, is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a contagious virus belonging to a family of
single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA viruses known as corona viridian. Much like the
influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2 attacks the respiratory system and causes ailments such as cough,
fever, fatigue, and breathlessness. The COVID-19 was first reported to affect human life in
Wuhan City, in the Hubei province of China in December 2019. Since then, the COVID-19 has
spread like wildfire throughout the rest of the world, marking its presence in 213 countries and
independent territories. The rapid rise in the number of COVID-19 incidents worldwide has
prompted the need for immediate countermeasures to curb the catastrophic effects of the
COVID-19 outbreak. However, before exploring the potential technological solutions for
COVID-19 pandemic impact management, we provide a comprehensive review of the COVID-
19, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and the impact of its outbreak on the
global economy.

Since December 31 2019, the 27 cases of unknown pneumonia were reported in Wuhan City of
Hubei Province in South China. On 7 January 2020, Chinese government and the World Health
Organization (WHO) identified a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as the causative virus, which
belongs to the same virus family of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) that out
broke also in South China in 2002-2003. The 2019-nCoV spread rapidly across most regions in
mainland China after 17 January 2020 and leaded to over 7000 infectious cases at the end of
January (Fig. 1a). The number of the first-month cumulative cases of the 2019-CoV has
exceeded the total number of the SARS cases in 2003, suggesting this novel virus has stronger
infectivity than the SARS virus. Since about 23 Jan 2020, the Chinese Government has taken
strong measures to prohibit the virus’s transmission, such as warning citizens from going
outdoors, temporarily suspending the public transport between some big cities, and even taking
quarantine for the main infected city. These unprecedented measures were expected to
effectively stop the virus transmission and buy necessary time to deploy medical resources to the
affected area. At the same time, considering the virus having exported to other countries,
including Thailand, Japan, South Korea and the United States of America, the WHO has made
decision on identifying the 2019-nCoV outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern (PHEIC). The rapid spread of the 2019-nCoV may be due to multiple causes. One cause
is the lacking of information transparency at the early stage of the epidemic outbreak. Releasing
the epidemic information in a timely and accurate way is extremely important for the anti-
epidemic response of the public. The authentic and transparent information could have
prohibited the spread of the 2019-nCoV at the early stage.
The other cause is the lacking of scientific diagnostic criterion for the 2019-nCoV. Rapid
developing exact testing techniques for a novel virus are very difficult. In fact, the symptoms of
the 2019-nCoV are highly similar to those of flu. This aggravated the hardship of diagnosis. The
last but not the least, the lacking of an epidemic warning and prediction system lost the
opportunity to prohibit the epidemic spread at the initial stage.

1.2 Problem Statement

Under the background of the ongoing 2019-nCoV transmission, the epidemiological survey is
extremely important for stopping transmission by tracing the infectious pathways and
particularly identifying the super spreaders. But, the outbreak of the 2019-CoV is just coincident
with the large-scale population migration during the most important traditional Chinese festival,
which exacerbated the spreading of virus and simultaneously greatly increased the difficulty of
the epidemiological investigation. So, on the other hand, monitoring and predicting the evolution
of the epidemic becomes extremely meaningful for the decision making against the public health
crisis.
However, building the hardware and software infrastructure for a clinically relevant system that
is useful in practice is a problem which presents unique challenges of its own. Our work focuses
on the core algorithm
1.2.1 Objectives:
The objective of the system is: -
 To build a system that can be used in detection of COVID.

 To build a framework that is easy to use and simple to utilize.
1.2.2 Aim:
The main aim of the project is to build an application which can be used in the early detection of
COVID.
1.2.3 Scope:
Scope of the project is to analysis and provided epidemic predictions under different scenarios
with respect to different-level anti-epidemic measure and medical care represented by the two
model parameters, i.e., infection rate and removal rate. The predictions are supposed to be a
helpful guide to the decision making in coping with the ongoing 2019-nCoV transmission.

1.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The feasibility study permits discovering answers for the issues of the undertaking. The
arrangement is given what how resembles a fresh out of the new device resembles.
1.3.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
The software's utilized for implementing for the clients to move the insights in cross breed
organizations. Without the race condition issues and invalid reservations, the data needs to move
from source to objective. To keep away from the channel fluctuation and transfer speed confined
to change measurements without issues to the objective.
1.3.2 ECONOMIC FESIBILITY
The general expense of the venture could be truly reasonable as we have utilized open-source
programming like Java, XML. The investigation additionally assisted the organization with
administering the sum that would be brought about before an undertaking is in the end support.
This permitted organization to admirably achieve their cash to ensure the most productive
venture is attempted.
Economically the Scalability application is feasible as the developmental and maintenance

charges are less than 15000 per year.
1.3.3 OPERATIONAL FEASILBILITY
The task will be utilized by the association under various conditions. Anybody can work with
this application as it upholds an easy-to-use approach. It gives graphical UIs to the client so the
client can without much of a stretch connect with the framework. Clients no compelling reason
to know about IDLE and Python ideas to utilize the application. The application is planned so
that it tends to be effectively carried out in any form of OS.
1.3.4 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY
The time schedule required for the development of this project is 5 months and it is very
important since over-runs result in escalated projects costs and also hinders in the development
of the other systems.

20 days – Requirement gathering
25 days – System designing
55 days – Implementation
35 days – Testing and deployment
1.4 EXISTING SYSTEMS

EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing system, the patient is identified after the basic symptoms of corona virus attack
and then the patient is diagnosed based on the symptoms and a series of medical tests is carried
out to analyze the patient and after that the patient is given for medication. This would cause loss
of lives in many cases. Very few systems use the available clinical data for prediction purposes
and even if they do, they are restricted by the large number of association rules that apply.
Diagnosis of the condition solely depends upon the Doctor’s intuition and patient’s record.
MOTIVATION
We have presented a survey on the state of-the-art solutions in the battle against the COVID-19
pandemic. Firstly, we have provided an introduction of theCOVID-19 virus, the fundamentals
and motivations of AI and big data for finding fast and effective approaches that can effectively
combat the COVID-19 disease. Then, we have reviewed the applications of AI for detection and
diagnosis, tracking and predicting the outbreak, infodemiology and infoveillance, biomedicine
and pharmacotherapy. The applications of big data for the COVID-19 disease have been also
presented, including outbreak prediction, virus spread tracking, diagnosis and treatment, and
vaccine and drug discovery. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges needed to overcome
for the success of AI and big data in fighting theCOVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we have
highlighted important lessons and recommendations for the authorities and research
communities.

1.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the proposed system, we are creating an effective and easier way for the application to predict
the corona virus attacks at the very earlier stages and can provide medication the patients to
prevent the corona virus attack at the very beginning stages. Our application records the behavior
of the patient and based on that it compares the data with the datasets collected by the corona
virus attack events data and based on the Machine Learning using SVM and KNN algorithms ,
the patient data is used in deep learning models utilize large amounts of training data of corona
virus attack patients datasets to identify correlations between many variables to learn to process
incoming data of a new patient to detect the corona virus attack of the patient along with the
stages. Because of the earlier prediction, the patient can be saved from corona virus attack, which
leads for improving the country's healthcare sector.
Advantages:
 Automated prediction.
 Report is given based on risk types.
 Graph is generated based on risk type, gender and age.
 Quick in process.
 Patient can be rescued.

Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Each Software development requires the review interaction. The Survey interaction is expected
to get the necessity for the product. The Survey likewise comprises of considering the current
framework and furthermore reading the instruments required for the advancement of the product.
A legitimate comprehension of the apparatuses is a lot of fundamental. Following is a
concentrate of the data of the material gathered during the writing study. A writing review is a
procedure of recognizing the issues in the current framework through research and proposing the
advancement of the framework to take care of the issues of the current framework.
i. Automatic Detection of COVID-19 Infection Using Chest X-Ray Images through

Transfer Learning
Authors: Elene Firmeza Ohata, Gabriel Maia Bezerra
Year: 2021
Findings
In this work, we propose an automatic detection method for COVID-19 infection based on chest
X-ray images. The datasets constructed for this study are composed of 194 X-ray images of
patients diagnosed with coronavirus and 194 X-ray images of healthy patients. Since few images
of patients with COVID-19 are publicly available, we apply the concept of transfer learning for
this task. We use different architectures of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on
ImageNet, and adapt them to behave as feature extractors for the X-ray images. Then, the CNNs
are combined with consolidated machine learning methods, such as k-Nearest Neighbor, Bayes,
Random Forest, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM). The results
show that, for one of the datasets, the extractor-classifier pair with the best performance is the
MobileNet architecture with the SVM classifier using a linear kernel, which achieves accuracy
and an F1-score of 98.5%. For the other dataset, the best pair is DenseNet201 with MLP,
achieving accuracy and an F1-score of 95.6%.

ii. A new COVID-19 detection method from human genome sequences using CpG
island features and KNN classifier
Authors: Hilal Arslan
Year: 2021
Findings
In this study, we propose a new efficient COVID-19 detection method based on the K-nearest
neighbors (KNN) classifier using the complete genome sequences of human coronaviruses in the
dataset recorded in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource. We also describe two features based on
CpG island that efficiently detect COVID-19 cases. Thus, genome sequences including
approximately 30,000 nucleotides can be represented by only two real numbers. The KNN
method is a simple and effective non-parametric technique for solving classification problems.
However, performance of the KNN depends on the distance measure used. We perform 19
distance metrics investigated in five categories to improve the performance of the KNN
algorithm. Some efficient performance parameters are computed to evaluate the proposed
method. The proposed method achieves 98.4% precision, 99.2% recall, 98.8% F-measure, and
98.4% accuracy in a few seconds when any L1 type metric is used as a distance measure in the
KNN.
iii. Classification of COVID-19 individuals using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Authors: Kainaat Mahboob, Celestine Iwendi
Year: 2021
Findings
This research proposes a system for classifying and analyzing the predictions obtained from
symptoms of this virus. The proposed system aims to determine those attributes that help in the
early detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference
System (ANFIS). This work computes the accuracy of different machine learning classifiers and
selects the best classifier for COVID-19 detection based on comparative analysis. ANFIS is used
to model and control ill-defined and uncertain systems to predict this globally spread disease’s
risk factor. COVID-19 dataset is classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) because it

achieved the highest accuracy of 100% among all classifiers. Furthermore, the ANFIS model is
implemented on this classified dataset, which results in an 80% risk prediction for COVID-19.
iv. Prediction of COVID-19 Possibilities using KNN Classification Algorithm

Authors: Tsan-Ming Choi
Year: 2020
Findings
This paper studies the different machine learning classification algorithms to predict the COVID-
19 recovered and deceased cases. The k-fold cross-validation resampling technique is used to
validate the prediction model. The prediction scores of each algorithm are evaluated with
performance metrics such as prediction accuracy, precision, recall, mean square error, confusion
matrix, and kappa score. For the preprocessed dataset, the k-nearest neighbor (KNN)
classification algorithm produces 80.4 % of predication accuracy and 1.5 to 3.3 % of improved
accuracy over other algorithms. The KNN algorithm predicts 92 % (true positive rate) of the
deceased cases correctly, with 0.077 % of misclassification. Further, the KNN algorithm
produces the lowest error rate as 0.19 on the prediction of accurate COVID-19 cases than the
other algorithm.

Chapter 3
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Processor : Intel i3 2.53GHz

 Hard Disk : 40GB
 RAM : 4 GB or above
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Operating system : Windows 8 and above

 Coding Language : C#
 Front End : HTML, CSS, JS
 IDE : MS Visual Studio 2015
3.3 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED
OVERVIEW OF VISUAL STUDIO
Microsoft Visual Studio is a fused improvement environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is used to
encourage PC programs, similarly as destinations, web applications, web organizations, and
compact applications. Visual Studio uses Microsoft programming improvement stages like
Windows API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Store, and
Microsoft Silverlight. It can make both neighborhood codes and administered codes.
Visual Studio fuses a code editor supporting IntelliSense (the code finish fragment) similarly as
code refactoring. The consolidated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a
machine-level debugger. Other fundamental gadgets join a code profiler, designer for building

GUI applications, site subject matter expert, class organizer, and informational index planning
fashioner. It recognizes modules that broaden the handiness at practically every level—including
adding support for source control systems (like Subversion and Git) and adding new toolsets like
Editors and visual makers for space unequivocal lingos or toolsets for various pieces of the item
improvement lifecycle (like the Azure DevOps client: Team Explorer). Visual Studio maintains a
day and a half programming vernaculars and grants the code director and debugger to serve (to
fluctuating degrees) practically any programming language, given language-express help exists.
Hidden tongues join C, C++, C++/CLI, Visual Basic .NET, C#, F#, JavaScript, Typescript,
XML, XSLT, HTML, and CSS. Support for various vernaculars, for instance, Python, Ruby,
Node.js, and M among others are open through modules. Java (and J#) were maintained
previously.
The most major adaptation of Visual Studio, the Community discharge, is available in vain. The
brand name for Visual Studio Community variant is "Free, totally included IDE for understudies,
open-source and individual architects". As of March 2021, the momentum creation arranged
Visual Studio variation was 2o19, with more prepared structures like 2o12 and 2o13 on
Extended Support, and 2o15 and 2o17 on Mainstream Support.
.NET FRAMEWORK
The .NET Framework (explained as "spot net") is an item framework made by Microsoft that
runs essentially on Microsoft Windows. It joins a colossal class library called Framework Class
Library (FCL) and gives language interoperability (each language can use code written in
various vernaculars) across a couple of programming tongues. Ventures formed for .NET
Framework execute in an item environment (as opposed to a hardware environment) named the
Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR is an application virtual machine that offers sorts
of help like security, memory the chiefs, and exclusion managing. Appropriately, PC code
formed using .NET Framework is named "supervised code". FCL and CLR together build up the
.NET Framework.

FCL gives the UI, data access, informational index the accessibility, cryptography, web
application progression, numeric estimations, and association exchanges. Designers produce
programming by solidifying their source code with .NET Framework and various libraries. The
design is proposed to be used by most new applications made for the Windows stage. Microsoft
furthermore conveys a consolidated improvement environment for .NET programming called
Visual Studio. .NET Framework began as prohibitive programming, but the firm endeavored to
standardize the item stack immediately, even before its first conveyance. Disregarding the
standardization tries, fashioners, generally, those in the free and open-source programming
organizations, discussed their anxiety with the picked terms and the potential outcomes of any
free and open-source execution, especially concerning programming licenses. Starting now and
into the foreseeable future, Microsoft has changed .NET improvement to even more eagerly
follow a contemporary model of a neighborhood programming project, including giving an
update to its patent promising to address the concerns.
In April 2019, Microsoft conveyed .NET Framework 4.8, the last type of the design as a
prohibitive commitment. Only month-to-month security and steadfastness bug fixes to that
variation have been conveyed starting now and into the foreseeable future. No further changes to
that interpretation are masterminded.
HTML
The HyperText Markup Language, or HTML is the standard markup language for reports
intended to be shown in an internet browser. It very well may be helped by innovations like
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and prearranging dialects like JavaScript.
Internet browsers get HTML reports from a web worker or from neighborhood stockpiling and
render the archives into interactive media pages. HTML depicts the design of a website page
semantically and initially included prompts for the presence of the archive.
HTML components are the structure squares of HTML pages. With HTML develops, pictures
and different articles, for example, intuitive structures might be implanted into the delivered
page. HTML gives a way to make organized reports by indicating primary semantics for text like

headings, passages, records, connections, cites and different things. HTML components are
outlined by labels, composed utilizing point sections. Labels, for example, <img/> and <input/>
straightforwardly bring content into the page. Different labels, for example, <p> encompass and
give data about report text and may incorporate different labels as sub-components. Programs
don't show the HTML labels, yet use them to decipher the substance of the page.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a template language utilized for portraying the introduction of a
record written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a foundation innovation of the World
Wide Web, close by HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is intended to empower the partition of show and substance, including design, shadings, and
text styles. This division can improve content openness, give greater adaptability and control in
the determination of show attributes, empower different pages to share organizing by indicating
the applicable CSS in a different .css record which lessens intricacy and redundancy in the
underlying substance just as empowering the .css document to be stored to improve the page load
speed between the pages that share the document and its designing.
Partition of arranging and substance likewise makes it doable to introduce a similar markup page
in various styles for various delivering strategies, for example, on-screen, on paper, by voice (by
means of discourse based program or screen peruser), and on Braille-based material gadgets.
CSS additionally has rules for substitute organizing if the substance is gotten to on a cell phone.
The name falling comes from the predetermined need plan to figure out which style rule applies
if more than one standard matches a specific component. This falling need conspire is
unsurprising.
JavaScript
JavaScript (/ˈdʒɑːvəˌskrɪpt/), frequently condensed as JS, is a programming language that adjusts

to the ECMAScript particular. JavaScript is undeniable level, regularly without a moment to
spare arranged, and multi-worldview. It has wavy section sentence structure, dynamic
composing, model based item direction, and five star capacities.

Close by HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the center advances of the World Wide Web.
More than 97% of sites use it customer side for site page conduct, frequently consolidating
outsider libraries. All significant internet browsers have a committed JavaScript motor to execute
the code on the client's gadget.
As a multi-worldview language, JavaScript upholds occasion driven, practical, and basic

programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text,
dates, normal articulations, standard information structures, and the Document Object Model
(DOM).
2.5.5 MSSQL
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As

a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data
as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on
another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen
different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads
ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with
many concurrent users.

Chapter 4
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Purpose
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is fundamental data, which shapes the foundation of
the product advancement measure. SRS records the necessities of a system just as has a portrayal
of its critical segments. The concentration in this stage is one of the clients of the framework and
not the framework arrangements. The consequence of the necessity particular archive expresses
the expectation of the product, properties, and imperatives of the ideal framework. SRS
comprises the comprehension among clients and creators concerning the substance of the item
that will be made. SRS ought to be exact and thoroughly imply the structure requirements as it
makes a monster obligation to the overall advancement plan.
Perhaps the most fundamental snippets of data are SRS (Software Requirement Specification). It
gives definite data about the foundation of the product advancement measure. It records the
significant necessities of the structure likewise holds the portrayal of the significant segments.
These things will be in the IEEE guidelines. The proposals would shape the clarification behind
giving an unmistakable picture of the thing to be made filling in as an action for the execution of
comprehension among the customer and the designer. One of the significant advances associated
with the improvement cycle is framework prerequisites. This SRS (Software Requirement
Specification) is trailed in the asset investigation stage. Its fundamental errand is to choose what
a product item does. In this stage, the primary center is the client and not the framework
arrangement. SRS (Software Requirement Specification) gives the outcomes like the goal of the
product, properties, and limitations of the ideal framework. The primary benefit of SRS
(Software Requirement Specification) is that it gives an unmistakable comprehension among the
customers and the item engineers as for the item that is created. SRS (Software Requirement

Specification) which is archived should precise and the essentials of the system ought to be
implied as it makes a huge obligation to the overall advancement plan measure.
4.1.2 Document Conventions
This document will freely interchange the pronoun “we” with the team’s acronym. As the
development team is responsible for the SRS document, no ambiguity arises from its usage.
There is a clear distinction, however, between the use of the words “Providers” and “Vendors”.
Heading:
 Font Size: 16
 Font Style: Bold
 Font: Times New Roman
Subheading:
 Font Size: 14
 Font Style: Bold
Content:
 Font Size: 12
4.1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions
We have presented a survey on the state of-the-art solutions in the battle against the COVID-19
pandemic. Firstly, we have provided an introduction of theCOVID-19 virus, the fundamentals and
motivations of AI and big data for finding fast and effective approaches that can effectively combat the
COVID-19 disease. Then, we have reviewed the applications of AI for detection and diagnosis, tracking
and predicting the outbreak, infodemiology and infoveillance, biomedicine and pharmacotherapy. The
applications of big data for the COVID-19 disease have been also presented, including outbreak
prediction, virus spread tracking, diagnosis and treatment, and vaccine and drug discovery. Furthermore,
we have discussed the challenges needed to overcome for the success of AI and big data in fighting

theCOVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we have highlighted important lessons and recommendations for the
authorities and research communities
4.1.4 Product Scope
Scope of the project is to analysis and provided epidemic predictions under different scenarios with
respect to different-level anti-epidemic measure and medical care represented by the two model
parameters, i.e., infection rate and removal rate. The predictions are supposed to be a helpful guide to the
decision making in coping with the ongoing 2019-nCoV transmission.
4.1.5 References
[1] Stack Overflow
[2] IEEE 830-1998 standard for writing SRS document.
[3] Fundamentals of Software Engineering, 2nd Ed. By Rajib Mall.
4.2 Overall Description
4.2.1 Product Perspective
According to the WHO, viral infections, particularly the ones caused by different coronaviruses,
continue to emerge and pose a severe public health problem. The rapid spread of the 2019-nCoV
may be due to multiple causes. One cause is the lacking of information transparency at the early
stage of the epidemic outbreak. Releasing the epidemic information in a timely and accurate way
is extremely important for the anti-epidemic response of the public. The authentic and
transparent information could have prohibited the spread of the 2019-nCoV at the early stage.
The other cause is the lacking of scientific diagnostic criterion for the 2019-nCoV. Rapid
developing exact testing techniques for a novel virus is very difficult. In fact, the symptoms of
the 2019-nCoV are highly similar to those of flu. This aggravated the hardship of diagnosis. The
last but not the least, the lacking of an epidemic warning and prediction system lost the
opportunity to prohibit the epidemic spread at the initial stage.
Under the background of the ongoing 2019-nCoV transmission, the epidemiological survey is
extremely important for stopping transmission by tracing the infectious pathways and
particularly identifying the super spreaders. But, the outbreak of the 2019-CoV is just coincident
with the large-scale population migration during the most important traditional Chinese festival,
which exacerbated the spreading of virus and simultaneously greatly increased the difficulty of
the epidemiological investigation. So, on the other hand, monitoring and predicting the evolution
of the epidemic becomes extremely meaningful for the decision making against the public health

crisis. Mathematical modelling has gained more attention and awareness in epidemiology and the
medical sciences.
The construction of the SIR model for an epidemic disease needs determining several key
parameters (e.g. the infection rate and the removal rate) empirically or statistically. As was
mentioned in the above, the family of the SIR model has developed complex model to
considering more detailed classes of individuals, such as the exposed class and the protection
class. In general, the more realistic the model is, the more precisive prediction the model can
make. But, the model considering more realistic factors needs more data to define additional
parameters. On the other hand, some effort has also been made on simplified model. For
example, the well-known logistic equation was used of as the two-compartment “S-I”
(Susceptible -Infectious) model, which can be further included some stochastic processes in the
modelling of SARS. The above-mentioned researches prove that the SIR-family models at
different complex levels can well capture the basic mechanism of the epidemic transmission.
In the existing system, the patient is identified after the basic symptoms of corona virus attack
and then the patient is diagnosed based on the symptoms and a series of medical tests is carried
out to analyze the patient and after that the patient is given for medication. This would cause loss
of lives in many cases. Very few systems use the available clinical data for prediction purposes
and even if they do, they are restricted by the large number of association rules that apply.
Diagnosis of the condition solely depends upon the Doctor’s intuition and patient’s record.
4.2.2 Product Functions
 Automated prediction.
 User can register through the application.
 User can login and get tested for a pandemic.
 Report is given based on risk types.
 Graph is generated based on risk type, gender and age.
 Quick in process.
 Patient can be rescued.

Fig 1: System Architecture
4.2.3 User Classes and Characteristics
Patient
• Patient homepage(Access Application)
• Patient Data
• Result Page
• Covid centers
• Get Donors
Admin
• Manage Users
• Patient Data
• Dataset Loader
• Visualization(Graph)
4.2.4 Operating Environment
Overview of .Net frame work
It is a new model for computing and deployment of applications. .Net Microsoft version software
as a service in which the development can we build. It is not a single application it is actually a

collection of different technologies. The .net language uses in the languages like visual basic, C,
C++, etc. so to run this application the MS visual studio 2010 is actual suitable. It assures the
safety of the code that is executing. It is the native .net application development.
It has a different technology which includes;-
 The .Net language.

 ASP .Net language.
 Wind0ws Form applicati0n.
 Visual studio .Net.
Objectives of the .Net are
 Object code is stored and executed in object oriented consistently.

 It is a safe execute of code and it include the code created by the other unknown or third
party.
 It also uses a web based applications.
 It eliminates the problems performance of interrupted environments.
It supports many languages and allows the editor of code and debugger that support for the
languages to perform the windows operations in the visual studio.
Visual studio has code refactoring and intelligence. It includes the many designer applications
like class designer, web designer, graphical user interface applications as form designer
applicati0ns in the visual studio applicati0n.
It uses the many plug in devices to perform the operation required in the system and the
application will be developed using this visual studio. The debugger works as the both machine
level and source level for the integrated components in the system.
The visual which as the Win forms to perform or develop the .Net applications easily and that
can be modified in the future. Visual basic is programming tool which is used foe the system
requirements to implement and to develop the s0ftware to improve the quality of service using
the routing protocol.

Fig 2: Visual Studio 2019
The above Fig 2 visual studio which includes the both web based applications and web server
applications which will be developed on the client and the server side. The visual studio mainly
consist of the .Net applications to build easily and to implement it in a understandable way.
The Microsoft has given visual studio as a free of cost for the users and also other commercial
versions along with the visual studio versions are available for free in the Microsoft. It supports
for the many other languages like ruby rails, python are available language service will be
installed individually. In the past the java script and CSS are supported by this visual studio
application.

Major Components of .NET framework
Fig 3: .NET Framework Overview
Features of .Net
Interoperability: The main feature of the .Net application which operates itself in manner way.
Common runtime engine: It is common language used in the developing stage to build the
applicati0n.
Language dependent: It will depend on other languages and uses the languages like c, c++, Asp
.net etc. and many more languages.
Base class library: It uses the basic library functions to in code to build the software
applications using the visual basic applications.

Deployment: The .net application which can be used to another platforms and that can be
deployed to the other platforms in the deployment.
Security: The security of the application and code will be in good efficient and accurate and the
performance will be high compare to the other language.
About Back End: MSSQL
MSSQL is an back end it stores all the components of frontend data from data fetch from the
front end and using primary method to retrieve data and store The application is mainly to collect
the data information on the employee works and project in our governing process.
Feature of MSSQL
 Always on availability groups

 Index in column
 Features of auditing
 BI semantically model
 Sequence of an objects
 Powderly view
4.2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints
This website requires a full internet connection.
The website can run on any platform like windows,linux,mac,unix.
4.3 External interface Requirements
4.3.1 Hardware Interfaces
Minimum Hardware Requirements
• Central Processor : Intel i5 2.4 GHz
• Hard Disk : 40 GB
• Ram : 2GB or above

Software Interfaces
• Required operating system : Windows 7
• Programming Language : C#
• Front End Technology : ASP.NET with C#
• C# Framework : .Net 4.0
• Tools : MS Visual Studio 2019
4.3.2 Communications Interfaces
 User interface
 Programming interface: the working frameworks can be on windows.
 Hardware interface: The execution of this project needs 32/64 bit operating system.
4.4 System Features

4.4.1 Functional Requirements
Load Application
These large datasets which is uploaded need to have a relationship with all the datasets, hence to
discover this relationship between variables in large datasets. This association rule will have
variables to find using Confidence rule, support rule or lift rule.
Classification
Thus this variables need to be classified using SVM algorithm.
Enter data
The user will enter the data based on his / her issues and get the result in return.
Prediction
Once the user has entered the data application will provide the user prediction.
Visualization
The prediction will be done in graphical representation.

4.4.2 Other Non-functional Requirements

Performance Requirements:
The product should uphold the end-clients necessities. The product is equipped for handling
when the enormous quantities of records are given as information and furthermore, it should be
intelligent and the deferrals included ought to be less. So in each activity reaction of the
framework, there are no prompt deferrals.
Safety and Security Requirements:

The system ought to be planned in a safe manner by applying wellbeing measures. Data
transmission ought to be safely communicated to hubs with no progressions in data. A
unique special case dealing with components ought to be set up to keep away from system
mistakes.
Software Quality Attribute Availability:

The application will not hang and opens quickly and with 99.9% uptime.
Reliability:
The system should not crash and should identify invalid input and produce suitable error
message.
Usability:
The interface should be intuitive and easily navigable and user friendly.
Integrity:
The software does not store any cache data or doesn’t use system resources in
background.
4.5 Other Requirements

Algorithms
 KNN Algorithms
In predicting covid-19 we are using K-nearest neighbors (KNN) set of hints is a kind of
supervised ML set of guidelines which may be used for each elegance further to regression
predictive issues. However, it is especially used for kind predictive issues in employer.

 SVM Algorithm
“Support Vector Machine” (SVM) is a supervised device studying set of guidelines which may
be used for each beauty or regression stressful situations. However, it's far specially carried out
in kind troubles. In the SVM set of policies, we plot every facts item as a problem in n-
dimensional region (in which n is shape of abilities we've got) with the rate of each characteristic
being the charge of a particular coordinate. Then, we carry out splendor with the resource of
finding the hyper-aircraft that differentiates the two schooling very well.

Chapter 5
SYSTEM DESIGN DESCRIPTION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The detailed configuration begins after the framework configuration stage is finished and the
framework configuration has been guaranteed through the survey. The objective of this stage is
to foster the inward rationale of every one of the modules distinguished during the framework
plan.
In the framework plan, the emphasis is on distinguishing the modules, while during detailed
design the attention is on planning the rationale for the modules. At the end of the day in
framework, plan consideration is on which segments are required, while in detailed design how
the segments can be executed in the product is the issue.
The planned movement is frequently partitioned into two separate stages framework plan and
definite plan. Framework configuration is likewise called a high-level plan. At the primary level
spotlight is on choosing which modules are required for the framework, the details of these
modules, and how the modules ought to be interconnected. This is called a framework plan or
high-level plan. In the subsequent level, the interior plan of the modules or how the particulars of
the module can be fulfilled is chosen. This plan level is regularly called the detailed design or
rationale plan.
5.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
DFD graphically addressing the capacities, or cycles, which catch, control, store, and
circulate information between a framework and its current circumstance and between parts of
a framework. The visual portrayal makes it a decent specialized apparatus between the User
and the System architect. The construction of DFD permits beginning from a wide outline

and grow it to a progression of detailed charts. DFD has often been used due to the following
reasons:
 Logical information flow of the system
 Determination of physical system construction requirements
 Simplicity of notation
 Establishment of manual and automated systems requirements
Basic Notation:
Fig 4: Notation symbol
Process: An activity that changes or transforms data flows. Since they transform incoming data
to outgoing data, all processes must have inputs and outputs on a DFD.
Data Store: A data store does not generate any operations but simply holds data for later access.
Data stores could consist of files held long term or a batch of documents stored briefly while

they wait to be processed. Input flows to a data store include information or operations that
change the stored data. Output flows would be data retrieved from the store.
External Entity: Also known as actors, sources or sinks, and terminators, external entities
produce and consume data that flows between the entity and the system being diagrammed.
These data flows are the inputs and outputs of the DFD. Since they are external to the system
being analysed, these entities are typically placed at the boundaries of the diagram. They can
represent another system or indicate a subsystem.
Data Flow: Movement of data between external entities, processes and data stores is represented
with an arrow symbol, which indicates the direction of flow. This data could be electronic,
written or verbal. Input and output data flows are labelled based on the type of data or its
associated process or data store, and this name is written alongside the arrow.
Data Flow Diagram
COVID
Prediction
Patient Details
Nearest
COVID System Plasma Donor
Information
Graphical
Visualizations
Fig 5: Data Flow Diagram
The above Fig 5 addresses the DFD outline of the COVID framework. This Fig 5 shows the
progression of the program. The application takes patient details as info and gives the prediction,
nearest plasma donor information, and graphical visualization as yield.

Dataset COVID
User Patient Details
Comparison Prediction
Nearest
Graphical Nearest COVID Food
Plasma Donor Book Slot
Visualizations Center Details Specification
Information
Fig 6: User Level 1 DFD
The above Fig 6 addresses the user DFD outline of the COVID framework. This Fig 6 shows the
progression of the program. Initially user will provide the patient details as input to the
application and system will perform dataset comparison and give COVID prediction, application
also specify the food, nearest COVID center details, and user can book a slot it also provide
information about the nearest plasma donor and graphical visualization.
5.3 USE CASE DIAGRAMS
Use case is a diagram of entertainers, a rigid utilization examples encased through a gadget limit,
discussion relationship among the entertainer, and the utilization case. The utilization case graph
portrays how a contraption connects with out of entryways entertainers; each utilization case
addresses a cycle of usefulness that a machine gives to its clients. A utilization case is called a
circle containing the call of the utilization case and an entertainer appears as a stick figure with
the call of the entertainer underneath the parent.
The utilization occasions are utilized eventually of the assessment period of an errand to choose
and parcel framework ability. They separate the gadget into entertainers and use cases.
Entertainers address jobs that may be played by utilizing an individual of the framework. Those
clients might be individuals, diverse PC frameworks, segments of equipment, or possibly other
programming structures.

COVID System
Patient Input
Dataset
Comparison
COVID Prediction
Food Specification
User
Nearest COVID
Center Information
Book Slot
Nearest Plasma
Donor Information
Graphical
Visualizations
Fig 7: Use case diagram for User
The above Fig 7 diagram addresses the user use case graph of the COVID framework. This chart
shows the utilization cases or functionalities of the program. Those exercises are input patient
data, dataset comparison, COVID prediction, food specification, nearest COVID center
information, slot booking, nearest plasma donor information, grapgical visualization.
5.4 SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS:
A sequence diagram shows object associations orchestrated in time arrangement. It portrays the
items and classes associated with the situation and the grouping of messages traded between the

articles expected to do the usefulness of the situation. Arrangement graphs are now and then
called occasion charts, occasion situations.
UML arrangement graphs are utilized to address or show the progression of messages, occasions,
and activities between the items or segments of a framework. Time is addressed the upward way
showing the succession of cooperation’s of the header components, which are shown evenly at
the highest point of the outline Sequence Diagrams are utilized basically to configure, record,
and approve the engineering, interfaces, and rationale of the framework by portraying the
arrangement of activities that should be performed to finish an errand or situation. UML
arrangement graphs are valuable to configuration instruments since they give a powerful
perspective on the framework's behavior.
5.4.1 PURPOSE
The sequence diagram is utilized principally to show the cooperation’s between objects in the
successive request that those connections happen. One of the essential employments of the
sequence diagram is in the progress from necessities communicated as use cases to the following
and more proper degree of refinement.

User System:
Patient Details
Dataset
Comparison
COVID
Prediction
Food
Specification
Nearest COVID
Center
Information
Book Slot
Nearest Plasma
Donor
Information
Graphical
Visualizations
Fig 8: Sequence diagram for user
The Fig 8 diagram addresses the user sequence diagram of the COVID framework. This chart
demonstrates the progression of the program. At first, the client (user) will provide the patient
data to the application and then application will perform the dataset comparison, then COVID
prediction will be given to the user, after this food specification, and application will also
provide information about the nearest COVID center, nearest plasma donor and user can also
book a slot through the application, in the end graphical visualization.

5.5 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
In this developed project the Activity diagrams illustrate the overall flow of control. This
diagram symbolizes the goings-on taking place in the project. There are different
accomplishments for member.
Patient input
Compare Dataset
COVID
Pediction
Food
Specification
Nearest COVID
Center
Information
Book Slot
Nearest
Plasma Donor
Details
Graphical
Visualizations
Fig 9: Activity diagram for user

The above Fig 9 diagram addresses the user activity graph of the COVID framework. This
outline shows the progression of the program. At first, the user will insert the patient data to the
application then application will perform the data comparison to predict the COVID, then
application will also provide details like food specification, nearest COVID center information,
user can book a slot, nearest plasma donor information, and at the end user can view the data in
graphical visualization.

Chapter 6
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Implementation is the way toward changing over another or an updated framework plan into an
operational one. The goal is to put the new or overhauled framework that has been tried into
activity while holding expenses, dangers, and individuals bothering to the base. A basic part of
the execution cycle is to guarantee that there will be no disturbing the working of the association.
The best strategy for acquiring control while embedding any new framework is to utilize all-
around arranged tests for testing every single new program. Before creation documents are
utilized to test live information, text records should be made on the old framework, replicated
over to the new framework, and utilized for the underlying trial of each program.
Another factor to be considered in the execution stage is the obtaining of the equipment and
programming. When the product is created for the framework and testing is completed, it is then
the way toward making the recently planned framework completely operational and reliable in
execution.
Implementation is the most significant stage in accomplishing a fruitful framework and giving
the client certainty that the new framework is useful and viable. Execution of an altered
application to supplant a current one. This sort of discussion is moderately simple to deal with,
give there are no significant changes in the framework.
6.2 PARALLEL CONVERSION TYPE OF IMPLEMENTATION
In this type of implementation both the current system and the proposed system run in parallel.
This happens till the user gets the complete confidence on the proposed system and hence cuts of
the current system.

6.2.1 PHASE - IN METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION
In this sort of implementation, the proposed framework is presented stage-by-stage. This lessens
the danger of vulnerability of the proposed framework.
Each program is tried independently at the hour of improvement utilizing the information and
has checked that this program connected together in the manner indicated in the determination of
the program, the PC framework, and its current circumstance is tried as per the general
inclination of the client. The framework that has been created is acknowledged and ends up
being acceptable for the client. Thus the framework will be executed very soon. A
straightforward working system is incorporated so the client can comprehend the various
capacities unmistakably and rapidly.
At first, as an initial step, the executable type of the application is to be made and stacked in the
normal worker machine which is open to the whole client and the worker is to be associated with
an organization. The last stage is to archive the whole framework which gives parts and the
working methods of the framework.
Implementation is the phase of the venture when the hypothetical plan is transformed out into a
functioning framework. Subsequently it very well may be viewed as the most basic stage in
accomplishing a fruitful new framework and in giving the client, the certainty that the new
framework will work and be successful.
The implementation stage includes cautious arranging, examination of the current framework
and its imperatives on execution, planning of techniques to accomplish changeover, and
assessment of changeover strategies.
Implementation is the way toward changing over another framework plan into activity. The stage
centers on client preparation, site arrangement, and record transformation for introducing an up-
and-comer framework. The significant factor that ought to be considered here is that the change
ought not to disturb the working of the association.

6.3 IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT
The project is implemented in modular approach. Each module is coded as per the requirements
and tested and this process is iterated till the all the modules have been thoroughly implemented.
6.4 Methodology:
Fig 10: System Architecture of Proposed System
In the above Fig 10 proposed system, we are creating an effective and easier way for the
application to predict the corona virus attacks at the very earlier stages and can provide
medication the patients to prevent the corona virus attack at the very beginning stages. Our
application records the behavior of the patient and based on that it compares the data with the
datasets collected by the corona virus attack events data and based on the Machine Learning
using SVM and KNN algorithms , the patient data is used in deep learning models utilize large
amounts of training data of corona virus attack patients datasets to identify correlations between
many variables to learn to process incoming data of a new patient to detect the corona virus
attack of the patient along with the stages. Because of the earlier prediction, the patient can be
saved from corona virus attack, which leads for improving the country's healthcare sector.

ALGORITHMS USED IN THE PROJECT
SVM
“Support Vector Machine” (SVM) is a supervised machine learning algorithm which can be used
for both classification and regression challenges. However, it is mostly used in classification
problems. In the SVM algorithm, we plot each data item as a point in n-dimensional space
(where n is number of features we have) with the value of each feature being the value of a
particular coordinate. Then, we perform classification by finding the hyper-plane that
differentiates the two classes very well.
Support Vectors are simply the co-ordinates of individual observation. The SVM classifier is a
frontier which best segregates the two classes (hyper-plane/ line).
KNN
K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm is a type of supervised ML algorithm which can be used
for both classification as well as regression predictive problems. However, it is mainly used for
classification predictive problems in industry. The following two properties would define KNN
well −
 Lazy learning algorithm − KNN is a lazy learning algorithm because it does not have a
specialized training phase and uses all the data for training while classification.
 Non-parametric learning algorithm − KNN is also a non-parametric learning algorithm

because it doesn’t assume anything about the underlying data.
K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm uses ‘feature similarity’ to predict the values of new
datapoints which further means that the new data point will be assigned a value based on how
closely it matches the points in the training set. We can understand its working with the help of
following steps −
Step 1 − For implementing any algorithm, we need dataset. So during the first step of KNN, we
must load the training data from the exam taken datalist and test data from the students
currently being taking tests.

Test data set – Upload data based on user exams.
Train data set – collected data samples.
Step 2 − Next, we need to choose the value of K i.e. the nearest data points. K can be any
integer.
Here k is taken from test data set, which acts like a centroid point.
Step 3 − For each point in the test data do the following −
 3.1 − Calculate the distance between test data and each row of training data with the help
of any of the method namely: Euclidean, Manhattan or Hamming distance. The most
commonly used method to calculate distance is Euclidean.
 3.2 − Now, based on the distance value, sort the user exams preference data in ascending
order.
 3.3 − Next, it will choose the top K rows from the sorted array.
 3.4 − Now, it will assign a class to the test point based on most frequent segments from
the exam data of these rows.
Step 4 – End
In our project we compare k value with train data set using KNN methodology like Euclidean,
Manhattan, where we cluster the values based on the nearest distance. Here we get nearest
matches of exam preference to test data from train data set in turn we predict the content values
from it.
Linear Regression
Linear regression is one of the easiest and most popular Machine Learning algorithms. It is a
statistical method that is used for predictive analysis. Linear regression makes predictions for
continuous/real or numeric variables such as sales, salary, age, product price, etc.

Linear regression algorithm shows a linear relationship between a dependent (y) and one or more
independent (y) variables, hence called as linear regression. Since linear regression shows the
linear relationship, which means it finds how the value of the dependent variable is changing
according to the value of the independent variable. The linear regression model provides a sloped
straight line representing the relationship between the variables.
PSUEDO CODE FOR SVM
SVM Algorithm
Input: k, m, q, C, y, and termination criterion
Output: Optimal value for SVM parameters and classification accuracy
Begin
Initialize k solutions
call SVM algorithm to evaluate k solutions
T = Sort (S₁, ..., Sk)
while classification accuracy # 100% or number of iteration
10 do
for i = 1 to m
do select S according to its weight
sample selected S store newly generated solutions
call SVM algorithm to evaluate newly generated solutions
end
T = Best (Sort S₁, Sk + m), k)
end

End
PSUEDO CODE FOR KNN
ALGORITHM Nearest-neighbor (D[1. n.1...n].s)
//Input: A nxn distance matrix D[1...,1...n] and an index s of the starting city.
//Output: A list Path of the vertices containing the tour is obtained.
for i ← 1 to n do Visited [i] + false
Initialize the list Path with s
Visited [s] ← true
Current ←s
for i← 2 to n do
Find the lowest element in row current and unmarked column j containing the
element.
Current ← j
Visited [j]<true
Add j to the end of list Path
Add s to the end of list Path
return Path

Chapter 7
SYSTEM TESTING AND RESULTS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Testing is the significant interaction engaged with programming quality assurance (QA). It is an
iterative interaction. Here test information is arranged and is utilized to test the modules
exclusively. Framework testing ensures that all segments of the framework work appropriately as
a unit by really driving the framework to come up short.
The test causes ought to be arranged prior to testing starts. At that point as the testing advances,
testing shifts center trying to discover blunders in incorporated groups of modules and in the
whole framework. The way of thinking behind testing is to discover blunders. As a matter of
fact, testing is the domain of execution that is pointed toward guaranteeing that the framework
works really and proficiently before execution.
Testing is accomplished for every module. In the wake of testing every one of the modules, the
modules are incorporated and testing of the last framework is finished with the test information,
exceptionally intended to show that the framework will work effectively in the entirety of its
viewpoints conditions. The methodology level testing is made first. By giving ill-advised data
sources, the blunders that happened are noted and killed. Consequently, the framework testing is
an affirmation that everything is right and a chance to show the client that the framework works.
The last advance includes Validation testing, which decides if the product work as the client
anticipated. The end-client instead of the framework designer leads this test by most
programming engineers as a cycle called the "Alpha and Beta test" to uncover that solitary the
end-client appears to be ready to discover.
This is the last advance in the framework life cycle. Here we carry out the tried blunder-free
framework into a genuine climate and roll out vital improvements, which runs in an online
design. Here framework upkeep is done each month or year dependent on organization

approaches and is checked for blunders like runtime mistakes, since a long time ago run
mistakes, and different systems of support like table confirmation and reports.
During the prerequisite examination and plan, the yield is a record that is typically text-based and
non-executable. After the coding stage, PC programs are accessible that can be executed for
testing purposes. This infers that testing not just needs to uncover blunders presented during
coding, yet additionally mistakes presented during the past stages.
Fig. 11: The Testing process
7.2 THE VARIOUS TYPES OF TESTING DONE ON THE SYSTEM ARE:
 Unit Testing
 Integration Testing
 Validation Testing
 System Testing
 Acceptance Testing

7.2.1 UNIT TESTING
Unit testing confirmation endeavors on the littlest unit of programming plan, module. This is
known as "Module Testing". The modules are tried independently. This testing is done during
the programming stage itself. In these testing steps, every module is discovered to be working
acceptably with respect to the normal yield from the module.
7.2.2 INTEGRATION TESTING
Integration testing is a methodical strategy for developing tests to uncover blunders related with
the interface. In the venture, every one of the modules is joined and afterward the whole
developer is tried overall. In the combination testing step, the entire mistake revealed is amended
for the following testing steps.
7.2.3 VALIDATION TESTING
To uncover functional errors, that is, to check whether functional characteristics confirm to
specification or not specified.
7.2.4 SYSTEM TESTING

When individual module testing finished, modules are gathered to proceed as a framework. At
that point, the hierarchical testing, which starts from the upper level to bring down level module
testing, must be done to check whether the whole framework is performing acceptably.
After unit and integration testing are over then the system as whole is tested. There are two
general strategies for system testing.
They are:
 Code Testing
 Specification Testing
7.2.5 CODE TESTING

This strategy examines the logic of the program. A path is a specific combination of conditions
handled by the program. Using this strategy, every path through the program is tested.

7.2.6 SPECIFICATION TESTING

This procedure analyzes the particulars expressing what the program ought to do and how it
ought to perform under different conditions. The experiments are produced for each state of the
created framework and prepared. It is tracked down that the framework created performs as per
its predetermined necessities. The framework is utilized tentatively to guarantee that the product
will run by tits particular and in the manner the client anticipates.
Particular Testing is done effectively by entering different sorts of end information. It is checked
for both legitimate and invalid information and discovered the System is working appropriately
according to necessity.
7.2.7 ACCEPTANCE TESTING

At the point when the framework has no action issue with its precision, the framework goes
through a last acceptance test. This test affirms that the framework needs the first objective,
Objective, and necessities set up during the investigation. On the off chance that the framework
satisfies every one of the prerequisites, it is at last worthy and prepared for activity.
7.3 TEST PLAN
A product project test plan is an archive that depicts the destinations, scope approach, and focal
point of a product testing exertion. This cycle of setting up a test plan is a valuable method to
thoroughly consider the endeavors expected to approve the agreeableness of a product item. The
finished report will help individuals outside the experimental group comprehend the 'Why and
How' of creation approval. Diverse test plans are utilized at various degrees of testing.
7.4 TEST PLANS USED IN UNIT TESTING
Each module is tested for correctness whether it is meeting all the expected results. Condition
loops in the code are properly terminated so that they don’t enter into an infinite loop. Proper
validations are done so as to avoid any errors related to data entry from user.

7.5 SYSTEM TESTING
System Testing alludes to the way of looking at a product program utility fundamentally
dependent on what its particular says its conduct should be. In remarkable, we will develop
check cases put together totally absolutely with respect to the detail of this current gadget's
conduct, without seeing an execution of this framework.
7.5.1 System Test Cases
Test Case Testing Scenario Expected result Result

Number
TC-o1 Clicking submit without entering patient System should alert user to fill Pass
details all details
TC-o2 Clicking submit by entering incorrect System should alert user to fill Pass
patient data correct details
Prediction based on input gathered System should gather the input Pass
from the user to perform
prediction
TC – o3
Building the cluster based on the dataset System should build model to Pass
loaded of legacy patients compare the dataset for
prediction
TC – o4
Nearest COVID centre information System should provide Pass

information about nearest
COVID centre to user
TC – o5

Nearest plasma donor information System should provide Pass

information about nearest
plasma donor to user
TC – o6
Graphical visualization System should give a graphical Pass

representation to user
TC -o7
Table 1: System Test cases Table
7.5.2 System Test Cases
Test Case Testing Scenario Expected result Result

Number
TC-01 User should be able to load the data and System gathers data from user Pass
process it for prediction the value based data sheet and analyses it using
on the input they specifies to the Machine Learning algorithm to
application predict the covid-19
Table 2: System Test cases Table

Chapter 8
CONCLUSION
Through getting rid of the unreliable records via objective evaluation, we provided epidemic
prediction below exclusive situation with respect to outstanding-degree anti-epidemic degree and
medical institution remedy represented with the aid of way of the two version parameters, i.e.,
contamination rate and removal price. The predictions are presupposed to be a useful guide to the
selection making in managing the continuing 2019-nCoV transmission in India. The control
measures want to pay extra interest to the scientific-service factors, together with accelerating the
diagnostic velocity and enhancing the hospitalization capacity. The severity of the 2019-nCoV
can be managed at the relatively low degree in the long run. The sensitivity of the parameters
also emphasized the significance of the openness and transparency in releasing the data
application to the general public fitness. As the progressing of facts may be available to verify
and revise this early prediction of the COVID-19.

Chapter 9
Future Scope and Further Enhancement
Future work deals with following things:

 Blood test samples can be used for prediction.
 Exploring ways to infuse domain knowledge into the algorithm to exploit correlation
between the abnormalities.
 Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal sample type to reduce the number of false positives.

REFERENCES USED:
[1] “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic,” 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
[2] “Coronavirus (COVID-19),” 2020. [Online]. Available: https:
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/index.html
[3] “White House announces new partnership to unleash U.S. super computing resources to fight
COVID-19,” 2020, accessed date: March 23, 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/riefings-statements/white-house-announces-new-partnership-
unleashu-s-supercomputing-resources-fight-covid-19/
[4] “arXiv announces new COVID-19 quick search,” 2020.
[Online]. Available: https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/2020/03/30/newcovid-19-quick-search/
[5] C. Sohrabi, Z. Alsafi, N. O’Neill, M. Khan, A. Kerwan, A. Al-Jabir, C. Iosifidis, and R.

Agha, “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel
coronavirus (COVID-19),” International Journal of Surgery, vol. 76, pp. 71 – 76, 2020.
[6] H. Li, S.-M. Liu, X.-H. Yu, S.-L. Tang, and C.-K. Tang, “Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19): current status and future perspectives,” International Journal of Antimicrobial
Agents, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 105951, 2020.
[7] D. Ivanov and A. Dolgui, “Viability of intertwined supply networksextending the supply
chain resilience angles towards survivability. position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak,”
International Journal of Production Research, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2904–2915, 2020.
[8] D. Ivanov, “Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A
simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case,”
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, vol. 136, p. 101922, 2020.
[9] I. Goodfellow, Y. Bengio, and A. Courville, Deep learning. MIT press, 2016.

User Manual
Fig 11.1 Index page
In Fig 11.1 is the index page containing the services or button related to Home, About, Patient,
Details, Admin and Contact pages
Fig 11.2 Patient home page

In Fig 11.2 is the patient home page Patients have ability to access their application by providing
their id, gender and age. Here patient ID will generate randomly for every users.ID can be used
for further process in this application.
Fig 11.3 Gather data page

In Fig 11.3, 11.4 and 11.5 are related to gathering information, symptoms and other useful data
and of patents. These data are considered to play an important aspect in the result generation.
Wrong information provided by the patient may lead to the wrong or incorrect results.
Fig 11.6 Patient result page

In Fig 11.6, 11.7 and 11.8 results and recommendations to the patient. According result
generated this page will display some important information to be followed by the patient.

Fig 11.9 Patient data collect page
Fig 11.10 Patient data collect page
In Fig 11.9 and 11.10 here patient should enter their details with aadhar card number and present
address. Patient should give the correct address so they can get the nearest hospital.

Fig 11.11 Report page
In Fig 11.11 generates the patient’s reports with the all information of symptoms that patient
have and then patient can fetch the nearest hospital centers to get an appointment.
Fig 11.12 Other Covid Centers page

In Fig 11.12 this page will display the list of hospital which are nearer to the address patient
mentioned. Patient can visit the hospital according to the appointment taken.
Fig 11.13 Other Covid Centers page
In Fig 11.13 Patient can get the plasma. Patient should enter the blood group and list of plasma
donors will be displayed which matches the blood group entered by the patient.
Fig 11.14 Admin Login page

In Fig 11.14 is a admin login page, only if the correct credentials of admin are entered only then
system is allowed admin to login in. If wrong Id and Password are provided then appropriate
message will be displayed.
Fig 11.14 Admin Home page
After Successful login, the admins can access his Fig 11.14 admin home page where there are
several functionalities of the admin can be assessable in the admin home page. It consists of
functions to Manage users, view and delete Patient data, access Dataset Loader and logout page
after clicking the logout button control redirects him to the default home page.

Fig 11.15 Manage User page
In Fig 11.15 Manage User page will provide list of patient’s data. Admin can delete the patient
data.
Fig 11.15 Manage Covid data page
In Fig 11.15 page will display the excel data.The excel date is details of the previously affected
corona patient history. This excel file will help to compare the results in this application.

Fig 11.16 Dataset Loader page
In Fig 11.16 Admin can upload the excel sheet of patient details. Admin can manage the details
of the patient that was uploaded here.
Fig 11.17 Contact Us page

Fig 11.17 patients can contact and ask their queries.
Fig 11.17 About Us page
Fig 11.17 this page gives description of the application.

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COVID-19 Prediction and

Plasma Donor Rectification

Submitted in Partial fulfillment of Requirement for the award of the Degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Under the Guidance of

ABHISHEK K L Sunil Kumar N

Department of Master of Computer Applications

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

It gives me pleasure to present my project “COVID-19 Prediction And Plasma

I would like to thank Mr. Abhishek K L, Assistant Professor, Department of

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Chapter CONTENTS Page No

1.3 Feasibility Study 4

4.4 System Features 24

5.3 Use Case Diagrams 30

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

6.3 Implementation Methodology Of The Project 38

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Figure No Figure Description Page No

Fig 1 System Architecture 19

Fig 2 Visual Studio 2019 21

Fig 3 .NET Framework Overview 27

Fig 4 Notation symbol 28

Fig 5 Data Flow Diagram 29

Fig 6 User Level 1 DFD 30

Fig 7 Use case diagram for User 31

Fig 8 Sequence diagram for user 33

Fig 9 Activity diagram for user 34

Fig 10 System Architecture of Proposed System 38

Fig. 11 The Testing process 44

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

1.2 Problem Statement

The objective of the system is: -

 To build a system that can be used in detection of COVID.

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

1.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

1.3.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

1.3.2 ECONOMIC FESIBILITY

Economically the Scalability application is feasible as the developmental and maintenance

1.3.3 OPERATIONAL FEASILBILITY

1.3.4 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

20 days – Requirement gathering

25 days – System designing

35 days – Testing and deployment

1.4 EXISTING SYSTEMS

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

1.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

i. Automatic Detection of COVID-19 Infection Using Chest X-Ray Images through

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

iii. Classification of COVID-19 individuals using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

iv. Prediction of COVID-19 Possibilities using KNN Classification Algorithm

Ramaiah Institute of Technology Master of Computer Application July 2021

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Processor : Intel i3 2.53GHz