Professional Documents
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SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 April 2018
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB18 05_1113_01/3RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
Draw lines from the cell function to the correct type of cell.
contracts to cause
movement
transports oxygen
around the body
[4]
2 Draw a line from the type of energy to its description and example.
also called
chemical a fire
heat energy
also called
radiant energy kinetic a boy talking
energy of
light the Sun
moving objects
energy released
by vibrating sound a girl running
objects
[4]
He uses different objects to try and scratch the surface of the rocks.
B no no yes yes
C no no no no
D no no no yes
(a) A rock can only be scratched by a substance that is harder than the rock.
Choose from A, B, C, D or E.
[1]
relative
scratch test
hardness
7 scratches glass
8 scratches quartz
10 cannot be scratched
[1]
[1]
Which type of rocks form when lava from a volcano cools down?
[1]
C
[3]
(a) The reaction between an acid and an alkali is called .................................................. . [1]
(b) The reaction between iron and copper sulfate to form iron sulfate and copper is called
.................................................................................................................................... . [1]
(c) When baking powder reacts with vinegar the mixture gets colder.
(a) He shines white light through a red filter and then a green filter.
white light
A B
B
[2]
(b) He shines white light through a blue filter and then a cyan filter.
white light
A B
B
[2]
7 The table shows the masses and heart rates of eight mammals.
human 90 000 60
hamster 60 450
[1]
[2]
(iii) Suggest a better way of presenting the data so that the pattern is more obvious.
[1]
A chicken with a body mass of 1500 g has a heart rate of 275 beats per minute.
The information for the chicken does not fit with the general pattern for mammals.
Suggest why.
[1]
coffee
tea
cleaning fluid
(a) Mia’s friend Carlos tells her she has no evidence for her statement.
[1]
(b) Describe how Mia uses an indicator to collect evidence for her statement.
Include the
[2]
(a) She measures the mass of a plastic cup containing ten identical balls.
plastic cup
ten balls
g [1]
[1]
cm3 cm3
50 50
40
30 40
40
30 30
20 30
20 20
The volume of the water and ten balls in the measuring cylinder is cm3.
Use your answers for mass in part (a) and volume in part (b) to calculate the density.
mass
density
volume
10 The islands of Hawaii are home to around 40 species of birds called honeycreepers.
They have descended from an original species of honeycreeper which is now extinct.
original honeycreeper
A
D
B C
(a) (i) Which process causes the gradual change from one species to another?
[1]
(ii) Name the scientist who developed the theory to explain how this process could happen.
[1]
honeycreeper
species A
species D
[2]
[1]
[1]
(d) Aluminium is used in the circuit boards and batteries of mobile phones.
[1]
[1]
12 The lizard loses thermal (heat) energy and gains thermal (heat) energy.
.......................................................................................... .
....................................................................................... .
and . [2]
gas
bubble
water
containing
carbon
funnel dioxide
lamp
water plant
Write down two variables which Oliver needs to control during his investigation.
2
[2]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 April 2018
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB18 05_1113_02/2RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
[1]
[1]
(b) To prepare for a game of rugby, Pierre eats lots of starchy foods such as pasta.
Explain why it is important for Pierre to eat starchy food before a strenuous game of rugby.
[2]
2 (a) Tick () the boxes next to the two correct sentences about gases.
[2]
[2]
B C
D E
B C D E
They sleep during the day and hunt for insects at night.
(a) Use the drawing to suggest three ways tarsiers are adapted to their habitat.
[3]
Suggest two ways this can help to increase the number of these tarsiers in the wild.
[2]
(a) Complete the column heading and table to show Yuri’s results.
metal
A 0
B 6
[2]
(b) Describe how Yuri could improve his method to find the volume of gas produced.
[1]
yes no
[1]
asteroid
Earth
Moon
planet
star
[1]
Explain how we can see a comet even though it is not a source of light.
[2]
The dodo was a flightless bird which lived on the island of Mauritius.
Dodos had never met humans before humans arrived on the island. The dodos were not
afraid of the humans.
Humans brought new animals to the island, such as cats, dogs and rats.
The humans removed most of the forest where the dodos lived to build new homes and to
create farmland.
Write down two reasons why you think that the dodo became extinct.
[2]
(a) Complete the word equation for the reaction between lithium and water.
+ +
[3]
.........................................................................
[2]
The diagram shows some of the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Na sodium
K potassium
Rb rubidium
Cs caesium
Fr francium
Describe how the reactivity of the Group 1 metals changes as you go down the group.
[1]
metal rod
pin attached
heat with wax
When the end of the metal rod is hot, the wax melts and the pin falls.
[2]
A B
(a) The flowers of this orchid release chemicals which smell like a female fly.
Suggest two reasons why male flies travel great distances to visit these flowers.
[2]
[2]
= particle Y
= particle Z
particle Y
particle Z
[2]
piece of
wood
3m 2m
pivot
4N A
Weight of A = N
[2]
13 Plants are able to use light energy to make their own food.
Name one substance that plants use to make their own food by this process.
[1]
The force of attraction is greater at the poles than in the middle of the magnet.
[2]
Saturn
Sun A B C
C
[1]
What is the name of the meter she uses to measure the current?
[1]
17 Jamila is a skier.
Here are the time and distance measurements for three of Jamila’s journeys.
time in distance in
journey
seconds metres
A 30 40
B 60 120
C 60 30
Explain why.
[2]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 October 2018
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB18 10_1113_01/4RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
vacuole
nucleus
X
[1]
[2]
layer A
layer B
layer C
layer D
metamorphic rock
[1]
[1]
and . [2]
3 Ring magnets have a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Oliver uses a brush to transfer grains containing male cells from a flower of one variety to the
female parts of another variety.
female part
male part of flower
of flower
[1]
(b) Name the process of transferring the grains to the female parts of a flower.
[1]
(c) Name the process that must take place before seeds are formed.
[1]
+ +
[2]
(b) Chen repeats his method with some other metals and metal salt solutions.
Put these metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.
most reactive
least reactive
[1]
(c) Chen notices the test-tube gets warm when a reaction takes place.
[1]
(d) Chen's teacher suggests that he change his experiment to find out which reaction gives out
the most heat.
[2]
[2]
Pierre predicts that the penguins in the middle of the group will be the warmest.
They decide to use test-tubes filled with hot water to represent eight penguins.
She labels another tube B and places it in the middle of six other tubes all labelled C.
tube A tube C
Angélique and Pierre record the temperatures of the water in tubes A, B and C over a period of
time.
(a) Name two pieces of apparatus they use to obtain the measurements they need.
and [2]
(b) State one variable they need to keep the same in their investigation.
variable
[2]
Test 1 Fill a syringe with the substance and try to squash it.
[2]
[2]
B C
A D
E
F
[2]
[2]
Tick () the boxes next to the two sentences that prove that they are all the same species.
[2]
nucleus
[1]
(b) Describe how you can tell that the element is in Group 4 of the Periodic Table.
[1]
(c) What happens to the size of atoms as you move down Group 4?
[1]
yellow
green red
blue
............................................. .............................................
Complete the diagram by writing the correct colour in each box. [2]
A ................................................... B ...................................................
perch
sticklebacks
C ................................................... D ...................................................
algae
Some organisms are missing from the food web and are shown by the boxes A, B, C and D.
Algae are small green plants that are eaten by mosquito larvae.
Sticklebacks are small fish that eat water fleas and mosquito larvae.
Pike and otters are predators that compete with each other for perch.
Write the names of each of the organisms in the boxes A, B, C and D. [3]
(b) In some areas, otters have been introduced into lakes and rivers.
Fishermen claim that this has affected the food web and spoiled their fishing.
Explain how and why introducing otters could affect the number of fish in the lake.
[2]
14 Jamila draws a picture of the Sun and the planets in the solar system.
Sun
(a) Write down the names of the two planets nearest to the Sun.
and [1]
[1]
test wire
length of
voltage
test wire
in V
in cm
10 0.42
20 0.37
30 0.35
40 0.28
50 0.22
plotting the points (the first three have been done for you).
0.5
X
0.4
X
X
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[2]
Which result is anomalous and what should Safia do to check this result?
anomalous result
she should
[2]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 October 2018
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB18 10_1113_02/4RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
1 Draw a straight line from each function to the correct plant cell.
[2]
chlorine
oxygen
sulfur sulfide
[2]
[1]
A1 A4
A2
A3
A2 is A.
A3 is A.
A4 is A. [2]
Scientists classify animals with backbones into five main vertebrate groups.
vertebrate group
reason
[2]
5 Rajiv draws pictures of the stars in the night sky from his bedroom window.
[1]
[1]
6 (a) (i) Name the process that plants use to make their own food.
[1]
[1]
The plants are kept in the same conditions for one week.
at start
after one
week
[3]
He puts zinc into a conical flask and then adds 25 cm3 of cold dilute sulfuric acid.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
gas syringe
zinc
dilute sulfuric acid
Carlos then records the volume of gas in the syringe each minute.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1 minute 2 minutes
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
4 minutes 6 minutes
cm3 [1]
(b) Carlos repeats the investigation using 25 cm3 of warm dilute sulfuric acid.
cm3 [1]
(c) Carlos then repeats the investigation using 25 cm3 of more concentrated sulfuric acid.
[2]
air particles
loudspeaker
Write the letter C on the diagram where there is a compression of air particles.
Write the letter R on the diagram where there is a rarefaction of air particles.
[2]
The air pressure at the top of the mountain is very low. This makes breathing very difficult.
A chemical in the breathing apparatus removes waste gas from his breath.
(a) Name the life process which provides the mountaineer with the energy for climbing.
[1]
(b) Which gas, found in the air, is needed for this process?
[1]
(c) Which waste gas needs to be removed from the mountaineer’s breath?
[1]
(d) Suggest why low air pressure at the top of mountains makes breathing more difficult.
[2]
10 Youssef and Blessy investigate the reaction of metals with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Youssef and Blessy measure the time it takes for the metal to react completely.
reaction time
metal
in s
calcium 15
iron 290
magnesium 23
zinc 230
most reactive
(b) Write the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
+ +
[3]
(c) Youssef and Blessy wear safety glasses during the investigation.
Explain why.
[1]
white light
glass prism
(a) Write down the name given to this splitting of white light.
[1]
red
yellow
blue
violet
[2]
carbon
copper
magnesium carbonate
sulfur
water
compound element
carbon
[2]
[1]
13 Chen draws a diagram to show water changing from a liquid to water vapour.
water vapour
water molecules
liquid
[4]
blood from
body X
blood to
lungs
(a) Complete the table about the composition of the blood going to the lungs.
Tick () the two boxes that describe the correct composition of this blood.
concentration concentration
of carbon dioxide of oxygen
[1]
(b) The blood vessel labelled X carries blood away from the heart.
[1]
[1]
A
B
C
distance
from D
Blessy
E
time
(a) The distance axis shows how far an object is away from Blessy.
A B C D E
[1]
[1]
d1 d2
F2
F1
[2]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 April 2017
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB17 05_1113_01/5RP
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2
nucleus
cell wall
cytoplasm
cell membrane
vacuole
[2]
A B
D C
Draw a line from each letter to its correct name and function in the plant cell.
where photosynthesis
cell wall A
happens
where chemical
chloroplast B
reactions occur
contains genetic
cytoplasm C
information
rigid to support
nucleus D
the cell
[4]
(a) Draw straight lines to match the part of the Earth’s structure with its description.
[2]
and [2]
(c) Sedimentary rocks sometimes contain the remains of dead animals and plants.
crystal
fossil
mineral
rock
[1]
Write down the useful type of energy released below each object.
+ –
A1 A5
A2
A3
A4
[1]
(b) There are five components in the circuit with the letter A in a circle.
[1]
[1]
10 15
5
20
A
0
What is the reading on component A1?
[1]
[1]
head and
arms
organ A
heart
organ B
organ C
organ D
legs
oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood
A B
C D [4]
(b) Some substances leave the blood and other substances enter the blood when it travels
through an organ.
Complete the table by writing the letters of the organs in the correct boxes.
[2]
cm3
gas
gas bubbles
10
thermometer
15
lamp
light
20 water
pond weed
+ +
[2]
(ii) The diagram shows the volume of gas they collect after 5 minutes.
[1]
(b) The students want to increase the volume of gas the pond weed makes in 5 minutes.
(i) The students use a drinking straw to bubble some of their breath into the water.
Explain why.
[1]
(ii) Suggest and explain one other way the students could increase the volume of gas this
pond weed makes in 5 minutes.
[2]
[1]
[1]
There is no reaction.
[1]
He draws a diagram.
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
incident ray
mirror
normal
reflected ray
[3]
(a) Which state of matter has the strongest forces between its particles?
[1]
(b) Draw straight lines to match the state of matter with the description of the spacing of the
particles.
closely packed in
liquid
a regular pattern
closely packed
solid but not in a
pattern
[1]
[2]
10 Look at the diagram. It shows some of the elements in the Periodic Table.
H He
Li B C O F
Na Al Cl
K transition elements
(a) Write down the chemical symbol of the most reactive element in Group 1.
[1]
(b) An atom of an element has only one proton inside its nucleus.
[1]
(c) Write down the chemical symbol of the element in Group 7 (Group 17) and Period 3.
[1]
(d) Write down the name of the element in the same group as boron.
[1]
masses
forcemeter
wooden block
pull
table
material
Lily says
Describe two things they can do to reduce the risk of hurting themselves or others.
[2]
material A
has a read
in g of 2.4 N
1.7 is the
reading
for mater
ial B
C is 3.2
0.7 belong
s to mater
ial D
forcemeter
reading
in N
[2]
(c) Describe how they can make the results more reliable.
[1]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 April 2017
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB17 05_1113_02/4RP
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2
neither pole
3 (a) Scientists classify arthropods into four main groups depending on their number of legs.
arthropods group
arachnid
3 pairs of legs
crustacean
myriapod
4 pairs of legs
[3]
[2]
Al
CaO
Cl 2
CO2
KNO3
MgCO3
NaCl
P2O5
Each formula can be used once, more than once or not at all.
and [1]
(ii) Write down the formulas of all the compounds containing carbon.
[1]
(iii) Write down two formulas that show compounds made from three elements.
and [1]
[1]
(b) Write down the name of the compound with the formula CaO.
[1]
(a)
80 J of light energy
[1]
(b)
60 J of light energy
40 J of thermal energy
[1]
(b) Burning these fuels releases carbon dioxide into the environment.
(i) Describe some harmful effects of increasing levels of carbon dioxide on the environment.
[3]
(ii) Suggest which of these fuels would be the best to burn, if we must continue to burn fuel.
fuel
explanation
[1]
7 Look at the table of elements in Group 7 (Group 17) of the modern Periodic Table.
bromine 80 liquid –7 59
(a) Complete the sentence about the relationship between atomic mass and melting point.
[1]
yellow
red ........................................
........................................
magenta cyan
........................................
Write the correct colours of light in the three boxes on the diagram. [2]
At this time people thought that the Earth was the centre of the universe.
[1]
he places them in a glasshouse and waters one group with organic fertiliser, one with
artificial fertiliser and one with distilled water
he counts how many peppers each group of plants have produced after 16 weeks.
distilled
38 70 98 46
water
organic
42 84 124 104
fertiliser
artificial
48 88 130 127
fertiliser
[1]
2 [2]
(iii) Suggest why Pierre waters one group of plants with distilled water.
[1]
(b) What conclusions can be made about the effects of adding fertiliser on
[1]
[1]
iron no reaction
copper no reaction
gold no reaction
[5]
book B
book A
The books are the same size and the same mass.
[1]
Mike Oliver
2m 1m
500 N
1000 N
pivot
[3]
(a) The temperature of the dilute ethanoic acid at the start is 20 °C.
What will happen to the temperature when the sodium carbonate is added?
[1]
(b) When sodium carbonate reacts with dilute ethanoic acid a salt is made.
Which gas and liquid are made when carbonates react with acids?
gas
liquid [2]
dots
loudspeaker A B ear
air particles
heat particles
light particles
solid particles
sound particles
[1]
[2]
17 Aiko draws a bar chart to show the mean (average) distance of planets from the Sun.
12
10
distance
from the Sun
in large
6
distance
units
0
A B C D E F
planets
Planet A
Planet B [1]
(b) What planet is between 8 and 12 large distance units from the Sun?
Choose from A, B, C, D, E or F.
[1]
(c) How many planets are less than 8.2 large distance units from the Sun?
3 4 5 6 7
[1]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 October 2017
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB17 10_1113_01/5RP
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2
(a) Complete the table by putting ticks () and crosses () in the correct column.
found in found in
structure
plant cells animal cells
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
[2]
[2]
electrical wires
made of copper
(a) Which two labelled parts of the car are made from non-metals?
and [1]
(b) Which property of steel is useful for making the car body?
(c) Which property of copper is useful for making the electrical wires?
[1]
[1]
green filter
flashlight
(torch)
light
yellow paper
You can use each word once, more than once, or not at all.
When these three primary colours are added together it makes light.
4 The diagram shows a simple food web. It contains three food chains.
The letters A, B, C and D are the four different organisms making up these food chains.
A B
[1]
Chen counts the bubbles formed in the reaction and records his results in a table.
1 iron 6
2 copper
0
3 zinc
4 tin
3
most reactive
What is the name of the gas that forms when metals react with acids?
[1]
What is the name of the salt formed when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
[1]
metal rod
pin attached
heat with wax
When the end of the metal rod is hot, the wax melts and the pin falls.
[1]
(b) Angelique repeats the investigation with rods made of different metals.
[1]
(c) Angelique draws a picture of the atoms inside one of the metal rods.
atoms
metal rod
heat
Describe how the heat is transferred to the end of the metal rod.
[2]
electron
nucleus
[1]
(b) Which group of the Periodic Table does nitrogen belong to?
[1]
[1]
(a) Circle the cell that plants use to absorb mineral salts.
[1]
(b) Which other substance must plants absorb from the soil?
[1]
fruit
A B C
plant grown in plant grown in plant grown in
ideal conditions identical conditions identical conditions
to A but without to A but without
magnesium phosphate
[3]
[1]
cm³ cm³
250 250
100 cm³ water
200 200
150 150 water
soil soil and water
100 100
50 50
She then records the total volume of soil and water in the measuring cylinder.
(a) The diagram below shows the total volume of soil and water for soil A.
cm³
170
160
soil and
water
150
Complete the table to show the total volume of soil and water for soil A.
B 156
C 145
D 178
[1]
The more air spaces, the lower the total volume of soil and water.
Choose from A, B, C, or D.
[1]
Choose from A, B, C, or D.
[1]
[1]
[1]
(b) (i) What is the other physical quantity that Blessy needs to measure?
[1]
[2]
The rabbits are able to detect the presence of predators such as foxes.
Write down one way shown in the picture in which rabbits are good at detecting predators.
[1]
2 [2]
Quiz
........................................................................
........................................................................
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
[4]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 October 2017
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB17 10_1113_02/5RP
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2
They want to prepare food that will be part of a healthy, balanced diet.
fruit and
eat more
vegetables
You should also drink 6-8 glasses of fluid (including water, weak tea and soup) every day.
(a) The information states that a person should eat mostly cereals and whole grains.
[1]
[1]
(b) People are advised to eat more fruit and vegetables in their diet.
This helps to prevent them from developing deficiency diseases such as scurvy and rickets.
Name the group of nutrients which helps to prevent these deficiency diseases.
[1]
(c) Eating too much fat and oil can lead to health problems.
State one harmful result of eating too much fat and oil.
[1]
The particles in solids are close together which means solids cannot .
(b) The particles of a gas fill any container in which they are placed.
Explain why.
[2]
flute
microphone
oscilloscope
height in cm
time in seconds
(i) What is the number of complete waves that are now seen in the oscilloscope picture?
[1]
(ii) What happens to the height of the waves on the oscilloscope picture?
[1]
[2]
4 There are still many undiscovered species of animals and plants in remote parts of the world.
The diagram shows a newly discovered species which scientists have classified and named
Isothrix barbarabrownae.
[2]
5 Hassan is a farmer.
He uses litmus.
(i) How does litmus tell Hassan that the soil is acidic?
[1]
(ii) Hassan’s friend suggests that he uses Universal Indicator instead of litmus.
Explain why.
[1]
neutralisation respiration
[1]
6 Look at the pictures of stars seen from the same position on the surface of the Earth.
One of the pictures is from June and the other is from December.
June December
[1]
a different pattern
[1]
gas
bubble
water
containing dissolved
carbon dioxide
funnel
lamp
water plant
They want to find out how changing the distance of the lamp from the water plant affects the rate
of photosynthesis.
2 [2]
35
30 x
25 x
number of
bubbles 20
produced x
in 5 15
minutes
10 x
5
x
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[1]
B
[1]
metal
solution
zinc iron lead magnesium
zinc nitrate
iron nitrate
lead nitrate
magnesium nitrate
Use the information in the table to put the metals into the order of reactivity.
most reactive
(c) Complete the word equation for the reaction between zinc and lead nitrate.
lead
zinc + +
nitrate
[2]
camel horse
force
pressure =
area
marble
milk 2.5
honey 3.4
yes no
[2]
(b) Youssef wants to increase the time it takes for the marble to fall.
Describe how he could increase the time it takes for the marble to fall.
[1]
Earth 1.0
Jupiter 11.9
Mars 1.9
Mercury 0.2
Venus 0.7
(a) Which two of these planets take more time than the Earth to orbit the Sun?
and [1]
(b) Oliver finds some information about the planets Saturn and Uranus.
Saturn 84.0
Uranus 29.5
[1]
cell function
transmits nerve
impulses around
the body
carries oxygen
around the body
[2]
A B C
D E
and
[3]
(a) Draw an arrow () from the tennis ball to show the direction of gravity.
[1]
(b) There is a force between the rugby ball and the boy’s hand.
[1]
(c) When the golf ball moves through the air a force slows it down.
[1]
Describe one other difference that you can see in the diagram between a wild rock dove
and a fan-tailed pigeon.
[1]
(b) Racing pigeons are specially bred for speed and stamina.
Describe one feature of the racing pigeon, shown in the diagram, that enables it to fly at high
speed.
[1]
+ –
A1 A5
A2 2Ω
A3 3Ω
A4 4Ω
A1 = 1.8 amps
A2 = 0.8 amps
A3 = 0.6 amps
A4 amps
A5 amps [2]
The table shows the differences between the three different types of soil.
variables
type of soil
percentage of air percentage of
pH of soil
in soil water in soil
A 8 30 30
B 6 20 30
C 8 20 30
[1]
(b) Oliver finds that the leaves in soil C decay faster than those in soil B.
Suggest why.
[1]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 April 2016
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB16 05_1113_01/8RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
1 The diagram shows four animals found living near a field of cabbage plants.
The animals all belong to the same food chain but are not in the correct order.
Read the following information to help you to work out the food chain.
Rooks have no predators and are the top carnivores in this food chain.
Cabbages are producers and make food for the food chain.
(a) Write the names of the organisms in the spaces in the correct order to finish the food chain.
sunlight toad
[2]
[1]
(c) When organisms die, their bodies become food for decomposers.
example of a decomposer
[2]
[1]
[1]
(c) Rock E contains the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
Sun Earth
rotation NOT TO
X SCALE
axis
[1]
How many hours does it take the Earth to complete one rotation?
hours [1]
an absorber of light
a reflector of light
a refractor of light
a source of light
4 This question is about the changes that take place during puberty and adolescence.
(a) Describe one visible sign of puberty which occurs in both males and females.
[1]
[1]
(ii) One function of organ X is to release chemicals which help to control fertility.
[1]
(c) In the first part of the menstrual cycle the uterus produces a thick lining.
[1]
[1]
iron rod
+ –
cell
coil of wire
(6 turns)
switch
paper clips
“Increasing the number of turns of wire around the iron rod will make it stronger.”
Increasing the number of turns of wire around the iron rod will make
[1]
2 0
4 2
6 4
8 5
[1]
[1]
She mixes different chemicals together and records the temperature change.
calculating the change in temperature for water mixed with ammonium nitrate
ethanoic acid + 19 15 –4
sodium carbonate ...........................
hydrochloric acid + 19 23 +4
sodium carbonate ...........................
water + 19 14
ammonium nitrate ............................... ...........................
[2]
(b) The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate is an example of
neutralisation.
3 [3]
Oliver says that this is because his nervous system works faster than Mike’s.
They find a computer program which records how long it takes a person to press a key when the
screen changes colour.
They each do the test four times. Their results are shown in the table.
time taken to press a key after the screen changes colour total average
in seconds time in time in
1st trial 2nd trial 3rd trial 4th trial seconds seconds
(a) (i) Calculate the total time Oliver took to do his four trials.
[1]
(ii) Use your result for (a)(i) to find Oliver’s average time for the four trials.
[1]
(iii) Do the results support Oliver’s idea that his nervous system works faster than Mike’s?
[1]
[2]
(ii) Suggest what Mike and Oliver should do to make their results more reliable.
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
Describe two other ways in which the structure of a lithium atom is different from a
beryllium atom.
2 [2]
(d) Which one of these scientists did research on the structure of an atom?
The diagram shows some paths the ray of light may take.
A C
B
air
water
A B C D E
letter [1]
(b) The law of reflection is about the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of reflection (r).
syringe A syringe B
water
Its body is bright green and it has two large eyes at the front of its head.
Explain two ways you can tell this from the diagram.
2 [2]
(b) Scientists think that leaf insects evolved by a process called natural selection.
(i) Name the scientist who introduced the theory of natural selection.
[1]
Write the letters of the sentences in order so that they describe natural selection.
A
[2]
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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 April 2016
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB16 05_1113_02/8RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
He shines white light through a red filter and then a blue filter.
white light
A B
B [2]
flower
seed
(a) Bees are attracted to dandelion flowers and they pollinate them.
[1]
[2]
(b) Dandelion seeds must be dispersed away from the parent plant.
(i) Why do seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant?
[1]
(ii) Use the information given in the drawing to suggest how these seeds are dispersed.
method of dispersal
reason [2]
glass tube
ruler
h
0
bung
boiling
tube
water mixed
with dye
(a) Mia measures the height, h, of the liquid in the glass tube.
Mia then places the boiling tube into a beaker of water and ice.
(i) What happens to the height of the liquid in the glass tube?
[1]
(ii) Describe how the movement and arrangement of water particles change as the water
gets colder.
[2]
(i) Describe one safety precaution she needs to take to prevent injury.
[1]
[1]
(b) Hassan finds this information about animals from the internet.
bat
owl
name of sheep
animal tuna
cat
cow
increasing pitch
[1]
5 Lily bought some fresh apples and lemons and placed them in a bowl near the kitchen window.
A few days later, Lily’s apples had turned brown and were smaller and shrivelled.
apple
mould
lemon
(a) Explain why the apples had become smaller and shrivelled.
[1]
(b) The mould grew from spores on the skin of the lemons.
Suggest where these spores came from and how they got onto the lemon.
[2]
(c) The apples and lemons in Lily’s fridge still looked fresh even though they were bought at the
same time.
2 [2]
(a) When a liquid is put into a beaker it takes on the shape of the beaker.
He does this two more times using new samples of pure water.
Pierre then does this three more times using salt water.
110
100
90
(ii) What effect does adding salt have on the boiling point of water?
[1]
7 Complete the sentences and answer the question about thermal (heat) energy.
conduction
conductor
convection
evaporation
insulation
insulator
radiation
(a) The main form of thermal (heat) energy transfer in liquids and gases is called
. [1]
8 The graph shows how smoking during pregnancy affects the birth mass of babies.
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
birth mass of
baby in kilograms 2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
As the number of cigarettes smoked each day during pregnancy increases, the birth mass
of a baby . [1]
(b) What advice would you give to a pregnant woman who smokes?
[1]
[1]
Tick () the boxes next to the two correct properties of sodium.
Sodium is ductile.
[1]
masses
pull
table
material
[2]
(i) Predict what will happen when the smoother materials are used.
[1]
[1]
3 [1]
[1]
(b) It is possible to predict if a displacement reaction will happen using the reactivity series.
12 Ring magnets have a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
[2]
(b) She puts the four ring magnets on the toy in a different way.
[2]
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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/01
Paper 1 October 2016
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB16 10_1113_01/3RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
1 There are seven characteristics of living things. These are called life processes.
excretion
intestine growth
kidney movement
muscle nutrition
uterus respiration
sensitivity
[4]
cm3
80
70
water 60
50
clay particles 40
30
silt particles 20
sand particles
10
gravel
[1]
cm3 [1]
clay silt
Explain how you can tell from the diagram of the measuring cylinder.
[1]
(d) Different types of soils have different amounts of sand, clay, gravel and silt particles.
Circle the correct words to complete the sentences about clay soils and sandy soils.
Sandy soils have fewer / more sand particles than clay soils.
Between the sand particles there are large / small air spaces.
flute
microphone
oscilloscope
A B C
D E F
A B C D E F
[1]
A B C D E F
[1]
A B C D E F
[1]
A B C D E F
[1]
Gabriella’s mother is Italian and plays the violin. She has brown hair.
Gabriella’s father is French, plays the piano and has green eyes.
(a) Tick the boxes next to the features that Gabriella has inherited from her parents.
[2]
(b) (i) Which part of a cell contains the information for inherited features?
[1]
(ii) Describe how this inherited information was passed on to Gabriella from her parents?
[2]
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca transition elements
(i) Write down the chemical symbol of the most reactive element in Group 7.
[1]
(ii) Write down the chemical symbol of the element with only three protons inside its
nucleus.
[1]
(iii) Write down the chemical symbol of the element in Group 2 and Period 3.
[1]
nucleus
Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom of carbon. [2]
Choose from
................................. energy.
........................... energy.
................................. energy.
........................... energy.
[2]
She measures her power and her heart rate as she cycles.
(a) Write down one other piece of data she could collect to measure her fitness.
[1]
[3]
[1]
burning
condensation
fermentation
neutralisation
oxidation
[1]
A The filtrate is left for several days for the crystals to grow.
E
[2]
Write down one safety precaution Aiko and Mike should obey.
[1]
9 Yuri investigates the time it takes for different sized parachutes to fall to the ground.
(a) Calculate the average (mean) time for the parachute with the largest area.
(c) What do the data tell Yuri about the relationship between the area of the parachute and the
air resistance?
[1]
10 The diagrams show four different fruits and four methods of dispersal.
(a) Draw straight lines to match each fruit to its correct method of dispersal.
animal dispersal
explosive self-dispersal
water dispersal
wind dispersal
[3]
(b) Give a reason why plants need to disperse their fruits and seeds.
[1]
11 Hydrated oxide of iron (rust) forms when iron and steel are left exposed outside.
Which two other chemicals are required for iron and steel to rust?
and [1]
Sun H
G
C D F
A B
E
NOT TO SCALE
There are two planets with a smaller orbit than the Earth.
and [1]
F [1]
A B C D E F G H
The planet that takes the shortest time to orbit the Sun is . [1]
Sirius star
Earth planet
Venus planet
Pallas asteroid
Canopus star
The Moon can be seen from the Earth because light from the Sun is
. [1]
(a) One type of energy source cannot be replaced once it is used up.
[1]
(b) Circle the two energy sources from the list that cannot be replaced once they are used up.
biomass
coal
geothermal
solar
wind
[1]
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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
SCIENCE 1113/02
Paper 2 October 2016
45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Pen Calculator
Pencil
Ruler
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
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Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
IB16 10_1113_02/4RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
2
(a) How many trophic levels are there in this food chain?
[1]
[1]
(c) Humans have overfished the cod, causing their numbers to decrease.
Explain why.
[2]
120
100
80
temperature
in °C 60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time in minutes
(a) How many minutes does it take for the temperature of the water to reach 100 C?
minutes [1]
(b) Complete the sentences to explain what is happening to the water particles between
8 and 10 minutes.
[2]
light ray
light source
slit
prism
spectrum
...............................................
...............................................
}
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
[2]
(b) The light from the light source is dispersed into the full colour spectrum.
(c) Draw the letter X on the diagram to show where dispersion happens. [1]
The sandwich consists of layers of meat, lettuce and butter placed between slices of bread.
(a) Draw a line from each food item in the sandwich to the main type of nutrient it contains.
main type of
food item
nutrient
meat carbohydrate
bread fat
lettuce protein
[2]
5 Angelique and Pierre investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and
calcium carbonate.
gas syringe
hydrochloric
acid
calcium carbonate
1 6.2
2 11.8
3 19.3
4 27.1
5 32.7
(a) As the concentration of the acid increases the rate of reaction increases.
[1]
(ii) Explain why the rate of reaction increases as the concentration of acid increases.
[2]
(b) Angelique tells Pierre that the results are not reliable.
[1]
He wants to find out how the volume of a drink affects this time.
B – room temperature
C – volume of drink
D – type of drink
(b) Which two variables must Oliver measure? …………… and …………… [2]
7 Scientists have found evidence which shows that smoking tobacco increases the risk of
developing serious diseases.
(a) The graph shows the percentage of people who smoked cigarettes between 1974 and 2006.
60
50
percentage
of people 40
who smoked
cigarettes
key
30 all women men
20
1974 1982 1990 1998 2006
years
[2]
Doctors predict that there will be fewer cases of lung cancer in the future.
Use information from the graph in part (a) to suggest a reason for this prediction.
[1]
most reactive
potassium
calcium
aluminium
zinc
iron
tin
lead
copper
silver
gold
least reactive
Use the diagram and your scientific knowledge to answer these questions.
(a) Some of the metals will displace other metals from their compounds.
Tick () the boxes next to two displacement reactions that happen.
(b) (i) Which gas is produced when a metal reacts with acid?
[1]
[1]
(a) Draw one arrow ( ) on each magnet to show the direction of the force.
The arrows for the top two magnets have been done for you.
S N S N
N S N S
S N N S
N S S N
[2]
(i) Draw an arrow on the field line to show the direction of the magnetic field.
N S
[1]
(ii) Draw another two field lines with arrows on the diagram. [1]
10 The Earth is about 150 million kilometres away from the Sun.
This will affect how much food could be made by photosynthesis on Mars.
[2]
The white circles show one type of atom and the grey circles show another type of atom.
A B C D E
[1]
[1]
[1]
Ahmed Mike
3m 3m
400 N 400 N
pivot
Explain why.
[1]
Ahmed Mike
1.5 m 3m
400 N 400 N
pivot
[1]
Ahmed Mike
1.5 m 1.5 m
400 N 400 N
pivot
[1]
Ahmed Mike
1.5 m
400 N
pivot
400 N
[1]
snake
(a) [1]
........................................
tarantula
(b) [1]
........................................
wolf
(c) [1]
........................................
frog
(d) [1]
........................................
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