ELEMENTAL GROUP

PROPERTIES
Unit 3
Pharm 114

Prepared and Presented By:

Angelica Rosebel P. De Leon, RPh
 This presentation is property of and for the exclusive use of SLU.
Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing uploading or
posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this
presentation, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly
prohibited.
 Contents

Periods in the Periodic

01 Unit Objectives 02
Table

Properties of
Groups in the Periodic
03 04 Elements in the
Table
Same Group
 Unit Objectives

● Predict the general properties of elements based on their location

in the periodic table.

● Explain the organization of elements in the periodic table

“Your struggles today are your
strengths tomorrow”
 01
The Periodic Table
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Periodic Table of Elements. Retrieved October 17, 2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.
Examples

Aluminum

Fluorine
 02
Properties of
Groups of Elements
 GROUP IA: ALKALI METALS
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Chemical Properties
Common Properties Compounds of Alkali Metals
✓ they form white
solid hydrides
✓ More basic than those of
readily when heated
groups IIA and IIIA
in hydrogen gas
✓ Their salts are soluble in
✓ only lithium reacts water
readily with nitrogen,
✓ Do not form complexes
even at RT to form a
nitride
✓ high affinity for
oxygen to readily
form oxides
 Flame Color test

Cesium Lithium

Rubidium Sodium

Potassium

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and paste the new graph here
 GROUP IB: COINAGE METALS
Cu, Ag, Au

Electrons Covalent bonds Very malleable

 Group IA vs IB
Groups Properties

● Do not occur freely in nature ● Univalent

IA ● Chemically reactive, can displace H ● Halides are soluble in H2O
● Hydroxides and oxides are extremely basic ● Rapidly oxidized

● Occur freely in nature ● Polyvalent

IB ● Very unreactive, displaced by IA metals ● Halides are insoluble in H2O
● Weakly basic ● Slowly oxidized
 GROUP IIA: ALKALI EARTH METALS
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- Bivalent cations
- Form ionic salts and oxides
- Except Be and Mg, they reduce water
- Except Be, they are attacked by oxygen to form
oxides and metals
- Salts formed are generally insoluble
- Generally, their salts are hydrates
 Flame colors

Calcium Strontium

Barium Radium
Group IIB: THIRD TRANSITION METALS
Zn, Cd, Hg

✓ They form ionic and covalent bonds

✓ Their oxides are stable
✓ Their halides are generally soluble
 GROUP IIIA: BORON FAMILY
B, Al, Ga, In, Tl

✓ Boron and Aluminum are pharmaceutically useful

✓ They form covalent bonds with other elements
✓ Readily oxidized
✓ They possess amphoteric properties
 GROUP IIIB:
Sc, Y, La, Ac, Lanthanides and Actinidies

✓ Lanthanides and Actinides have no pharmaceutical use

✓ Cerium–
✓ Hydroxides formed are very weak
✓ +3, +4
 GROUP IVA: CARBON FAMILY
C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
Non-metals React moderately Volatile halides
 GROUP IVB: TITANIUM FAMILY
Ti, Zr, Hf
Valence Salts Occurrence
 GROUP VA: NITROGEN FAMILY
N, P, As, Sb, Bi
Valence Bonds Reactivity
 GROUP VIA: OXYGEN FAMILY
O, S, Se, Te, Po
✓ most electronegative elements
✓ Non metallic
✓ They form binary compounds
✓ Form hydrides
✓ With 6 V.E
 GROUP VIB:
Cr, Mo, W
✓ They react with Oxygen to form oxides
✓ Oxidation State Oxides
- LOW
- HIGH
 Group VIIA: HALOGEN FAMILY
F, Cl, Br, I, As
Most Electronegative
Valence Reactivity Oxyacids
Elements
 Group VIIB:
Mn, Tc, Re
Mn Tc Re
 GROUP VIIIA: INERT GASES
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

✓ Except for He, all are filled with ______ at the last orbital,
hence stable and inert
✓ Unreactive
 Mercury

GROUP VIIIB: TRIADS

Light Valence:
+2, +3, +4, +6, +8
Iron Triad Platinum Ru, Rh, Pd
Iron grp- form simple
Fe, Co, Ni Metals cations

Fe- Platinum grp – form

Co- Heavy Os, Ir, Pt

complex cations

Platinum Os-
Metals
REVIEW
Rows on the Periodic Table are
called
_________
Columns on the Periodic Table are
called
_________
Periods & Groups on the P.T
represent
________
________
The heaviest substance known is
_______
The heaviest substance known is
_______
 Identification test used to determine the
presence of relatively small amount of metal ions
in a solution?
Identify the flame colors of the following elements:
1. Lithium
2. Sodium
3. Potassium
4. Strontium
5. Cesium
6. Barium
7. Calcium
Which element of the Triad is used to form a
compound usually prescribed to pregnant
women to prevent iron deficiency.
An element manufactured in combination
with other B vitamins used to keep nerves
healthy.
THANKS!
Any comments? Questions?
Clarifications? Concerns and/or
suggestions? Share them in the
Google Classroom or send your
facilitators a message through
platforms available.
 COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS

messenger
Email/Google Hangouts cellphone