THE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW

- Agrarian Reform means redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits

produced, to farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless, irrespective of
tenurial arrangement, to include the totality of factors and support services designed
to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries.
- Republic Act No. 6657 or the COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW
-CARL is the most comprehensive agrarian reform law because it covers all
private and public lands and other lands suitable for agriculture regardless of tenurial
agreement and crops produced. The law also adopted various progressive provisions
needed by small and marginal farmers to have equitable land.

What is the purpose of agrarian reform law in the Philippines?

-The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on
the vision “To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by
building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities
towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development.”

-Agrarian reform in the Philippines seeks to solve the centuries-old problem

of landlessness in rural areas. Land redistribution alone was not enough to
liberate the small farmer from poverty and ensure the success of the CARP.

HISTORY OF AGRARIAM REFORM

- It is a 100-year history of unfinished reforms after the colonizers invaded the country.
- Before the Hispanic period, there were no owner-cultivators only communal lands.
DURING THE SPANIARD, THEY IMPLEMENTED:
 Encomienda- royal land grants
 Maura Decree- 1 year for title
 Unrecognized of local customs
 Establishments of pueblos
 Mortgage (pagsasangla)
 Inquilinos (friar’s tax)
DURING THE AMERICAN, THEY IMPLEMENTED: (after 300 years)
 Philippine Bill 1902- set the ceiling on the hectares of private land and
corporations
  Land Registration of 1902- Private owners through torrens system
 Public Land 1903- introduced the homestead system in the Philippines
 Cadastal Act- survey of land
 Friars Land 1904- lease and sale
JAPANESE OCCUPATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:

 HUKBALAHAP controlled the whole Central Luzon

 Peasants earned fixed rental of land
 Peasants armed themselves and were against the Japanese

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES ON AGRARIAM REFORM

MANUEL A. ROXAS (1946-1948)

 Tenant Act- 70-30% to landlord-tenants and regulated shared tenancy

RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1953-1957)

 Agriculture Tenancy Act of 1954- tenure of tenants-land owners

 Land Reform Act of 1955- distribution of rice and corn lands over 200 hectares
for farmers and 600 for corporations

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL (1961-1965)

 Agricultural Land Reform Code- distribution of private lands to farmers on easy

term of payment
 Retention limit of 75 hectares
 Exemption rule of big companies transfer of landlordism

FERDINAND MARCOS (1965-1986)

 R.A. 6390- Agrarian Reform Special Fund Act- financed the agrarian reform
programs
 Tenant Emancipation Act- operational land transfer
 PD No. 27-7 hectares up sell

CORAZON C. AQUINO (1986-1992)

The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President
Corazon C. Aquino provides under Section 21 under Article II that “The State shall
promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.”

On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act
No. 6657 or otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The
law became effective on June 15, 1988.

Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48

nationwide consultations before the actual law was enacted.

President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:

 Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full ownership to qualified
farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the value remaining
unvalued rice and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of
payment by the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
 Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the
implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
 Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a major program
of the government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform
Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of
the program from 1987-1992.
 Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 – streamlined and expanded the
power and operations of the DAR.
 Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) –
An act which became effective June 15, 1988 and instituted a comprehensive
agrarian reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing
the mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. This law is still the
one being implemented at present.
 Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Vested in the Land Bank of the
Philippines the responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for
all lands covered by CARP.
 Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 – Accelerated the acquisition and
distribution of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands
and other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.

FIDEL V. RAMOS (1992-1998)

When President Fidel V. Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came
face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His
administration committed to the vision “Fairer, faster and more meaningful
implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program.

President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws:

  Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 – Amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and
exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP.
 Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 – Strengthened the implementation of the CARP.
 Executive Order No. 363, 1997 – Limits the type of lands that may be converted
by setting conditions under which limits the type of lands that may be converted
by setting conditions under which specific categories of agricultural land are
either absolutely non-negotiable for conversion or highly restricted for
conversion.
 Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
AFMA) – Plugged the legal loopholes in land use conversion.
 Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill) – Provided an additional
Php50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.

JOSEPH E. ESTRADA (1998-2000)

“ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP’. This was the battle cry that endeared President Joseph
Estrada and made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election.

President Joseph E. Estrada initiated the enactment of the following law:

 Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) – Allowed the
voluntary consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale
integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital.
 Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA. The DAR forged
into joint ventures with private investors into agrarian sector to make FBs
competitive.

GLORIA MACAPACAL-ARROYO (2000-2010)

The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the vision
“To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building
partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards
lasting peace and sustainable rural development.”

 Land Tenure Improvement - DAR will remain vigorous in implementing land

acquisition and distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land
tenure system through land distribution and leasehold.
 Provision of Support Services - CARP not only involves the distribution of lands
but also included package of support services which includes: credit assistance,
extension services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities and
training and technical support programs.
 Infrastrucre Projects - DAR will transform the agrarian reform communities
(ARCs), an area focused and integrated delivery of support services, into rural
economic zones that will help in the creation of job opportunities in the
countryside.
  KALAHI ARZone - The KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones were also
launched. These zones consists of one or more municipalities with concentration
of ARC population to achieve greater agro-productivity.
 Agrarian Justice - To help clear the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR will hire
more paralegal officers to support undermanned adjudicatory boards and
introduce quota system to compel adjudicators to work faster on agrarian reform
cases. DAR will respect the rights of both farmers and landowners.

RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE (2016 – present)

Under his leadership, the President wants to pursue an “aggressive” land reform
program that would help alleviate the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the
provision of support services alongside land distribution.

 The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform
where landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
 Duterte plans to place almost all public lands, including military reserves, under
agrarian reform.
 The President also placed 400 hectares of agricultural lands in Boracay under
CARP.
 Under his administration the DAR created an anti-corruption task force to
investigate and handle reports on alleged anomalous activities by officials and
employees of the department.
 The Department also pursues an “Oplan Zero Backlog” in the resolution of cases
in relation to agrarian justice delivery of the agrarian reform program to fast-track
the implementation of CARP.

TRIVIA

 You're probably wondering what the image is all about ?

 THE FEDERATION OF FREE FARMERS
 • The Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) is an organization “of farmers, by
farmers, and for
 farmers.
 • Founded on the Feast Day of Christ the King, October 25, 1953, by a group of
lay Catholic
 leaders led by the late Dean Jeremias U. Montemayor.
 • The composition of members are the small farmers, farm workers, landless
rural workers,
 rural women, fisherfolk, upland settlers.

 VISION:
 ✓ Total emancipation and development of the Filipino peasantry.
 MISSION
 ✓ To serve as an organization of by and for the Filipino peasantry in attaining
their vision of total
 human as well as national development.
 MAIN ACTIVITIES:
 ✓ Organizing
 ✓ Education and Training
 ✓ Advocacy
 ✓ Networking and Linkaging
 ✓ Enterprise Development

 LOGO DESCRIPTION:
 • The two circles symbolize the Federation’s rich yesteryears and its promising
future.
 • The two circles symbolize the Federation’s rich yesteryears and its promising
future.
 • The handshake symbolizes the spirit of cohesive brotherhood or kapatiran that
 pervades the ranks of the farmer-members of FFF.
 • The carabao, meanwhile, is the animal reminiscent of fields and paddies.
 • The plow is the farmer’s primary tool, exemplifying his drudgery and sweat in
toiling
 for the nation.
 • The three mountains, representing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
 • The laurel is the emblem of knowledge, fashioned in a cradling position to
symbolize
 its nurturing role in the movement.
 • The Crown and Cross, which denote the FFF’s foundation day on the Feast of
Christ
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, more commonly known as CARP, is an
agrarian reform law of the Philippines whose legal basis is the Republic Act No. 6657,
[1]
 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). [2] It is the redistribution
of private and public agricultural lands to help the beneficiaries survive as small independent
farmers, regardless of the “tenurial” arrangement. Its goals are to provide landowners equality in
terms of income and opportunities, empower land owner beneficiaries to have equitable land
ownership, enhance agricultural production and productivity, provide employment to more
agricultural workers, and put an end to conflicts regarding land ownership.

Social Justice and Human Rights.

(R.A. 6657-Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program)
Popularly known as the "1987 Constitution"
Social Justice and Human Rights
– Refers to the idea of creating a society or institution that is based on the principles of
equality and solidarity, that understands and values human rights, and that recognizes
the dignity of every human being.

AIM
- To achieve what developmental economics refer to as more quality of opportunity than
may currently
exist in some societies.
- To manufacture equality of outcome in cases where incidental inequalities appear.

Social Justice and Human Rights

- Labor
- Agrarian and Natural Resources Reform
- Urban Land Reform and Housing
- Health
- Women
- Role and Rights of People’s Organization
- Human Rights

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

- A Philippine state policy that ensures and promotes welfare of landless farmers and
farm workers, as well as elevation of social justice and equity among rural areas.
- Aimed for a nations with equitable land ownership and empowered agrarian reform
beneficiaries while, at least, improving social lives.

Objective
- To successfully devise land reform in Philippines.
- To improve the economic and social status of beneficiaries of land reform in
Philippines.

Trivia
Qualification of an Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
1. Be landless ( Ano ka sineswerte?)
2. Be at least 15 years old or head of the family at the time the property was transferred
in the name of
the Republic of the Philippines
3. Have the willingness, ability and aptitude to cultivate the land and make it as
productive as possible.

Objectives of Agrarian Reform – Economics

- Enhancing agricultural production
- Enhancing agricultural productivity
- Bettering capital formation
- Providing employment to more agricultural workers
- Enhancing demand for raw materials and services
- Improving balance of payments by facilitating exports activities
- To increase production at home so that imports do not have to be relied upon
- Enhancing cooperation as well as regulation between agricultural sector and non
agricultural sector

Objectives of Agrarian Reform – Political

- To put an end to conflict pertaining to land ownership.
- To bring about harmony between the rural people and the urban residents.
- Bringing stability in the political set up of the country.

Objectives of Agrarian Reform – Social

- Bringing about equality in terms of opportunities, income as well as wealth.