OBSERVATION REPORT

ON
OPERATION THEATER

SUBMITTED TO:
MS.JWALIN MADAM
MSN FACULTY

SUBMITTED BY:
CHAUDHARI
SNEHAKUMARI
ROLL NO: 02
 OPERATION THEATER

DEFINITION:
The areas in the hospital where
operations, surgeries or operative
procedure can be performed, either fpr
diagnostic or treatment purposes.

 SIZE OF OPERATION THEATER:

OT may have a minimum clear area of
360 sq.ft

 DESIGN:
The OTs in a hosoital should be plaaned
and designed in such a way that
appropriaate architectural practice are
observed.
 OT must be include the following
minimum serrvice in its design.
 Major operating room
 Recovery room
 Sub-sturilizing area/work area
 Scrub-up area
 Clean-up area
 Male dressing room and toilet
 Female dressing room and toilet
 Nursing station
 Wheeld stretcher area

An operation theater may be segregated

into four area for traffic control. This
segregation into zones helps to asuure
maximum protection against
contamination.
 Zone 1- The outer zone: This zone is
comparatively most un-sterile zone.
This area includes changing room,
dressingroom, patient reception,
 lockers, surgeons and teater in charge
nurse’s office, conference room,
refreshment area etc.
 Zone2- Middle/ intermediate zone:
This is the semi restricted area and
should be in between two zones.
This area includes recoveryroom,
pre-anesthesia room and clean
storage room.
 Zone3-Inner/most sterile zone: This is
zone is also called as the restricted
area and is the actual operating
section of an OT.
This zone includes scrubbing
area so that this area can be
manintained in a sterile condition.
This zone includes scrubbing
area with adequate numberof sinks
with elbow or foot control tapps.
Anesthesia room, and opration room.
It is madatory to wear scrub clothes,
cap and mask in this zone.
 DESIGN PARAMETERS TO BE KEPTIN
MIND WHILE SETTING UP AN OT
 Avoid unrelated hospital traffic.
 Avoid outdoor noise
 Keep a provision for future expansion.
 Easy access to departments like ICU,
CSSD, SURGICAL WARD.
 Smooth but non slippery floors.
 Ceiling and walls painted with
washable paint.
 Provision of high efficiency autoclaves.
 Knee, foot or elbow operation taps.
 Emergency comunication system
which can be activated without the use
of hands.
 Radiology film illuminators.
  OT TABLES
OT Tables is the center of
performance in any functioning operation
theater. This is a table on which the
surgery is performed by the OT team.
Although most of the surgeries are
performed on the standerd tables. Some
surgeries may require specialty tables.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL OT
TABLE
1. An OT table should have height
adjustment, and flexible table tops
for possibilty of changing position
during, before or after the surgery.
2. Head & foot section should be
flexible.
3. The table top should be stiff
and stable to carry very heavy
patients.
4. Movements of table top should
be smooth and quite.
5. The table top should be
perferably radio-translucent for
fluoroscopic capability.
6. Interchangeable head & leg
section with manual operation.
7. Table should be eassy to clean
and corrosion free.
8. OT tables should be
ergonomically designed and safe in
all respects.
9. The table must be covered by a
removable , washable, antistatic
matters.
10. The matterss should be made
of a pressure-redistributing
material , to avoid the formation
of pressure ulcers during long
surgeries.
11. Should have wide range of
specialized attachment for
 operation theater table to essure
that patient is properly position for
the desired surgical procedure.

 NABH OT Guidelines: Operation

Theatres
The following aspects should be kept in
consideration when planning the design for the
modular OT: 
 Every modular operation theatre should have a
dedicated Air Handling Unit (AHU). This
should not have any link with air conditioners
of other areas.
 No OT should have a split or window A/C.
These can be a direct pocket for microbial
growth and the spread of infection.
 The paint used in these rooms should be
antifungal and antibacterial.
 The OT door should be automatic, touch-free
(if possible) and sealed.
 The general lights should be cleanroom.
 Safety precautions must be taken against the
static charges.
 For equipment like a laser, there should be an
installation of a separate power circuit.
 The flooring, ceiling and walls should be anti-
static. Following this, its regular cleaning
should be done being smooth and non-porous.

 Requirements for a
general OT
 The various factors to be considered
as per the NABH OT guidelines for
a general OT include the following:
Air change per hour:
 According to the international guidelines, there
should be a minimum air change of 20. However,
this can also differ on the basis of location and
biological load. Among these, the fresh air
component is supposed to be a minimum of 4 fresh
air changes out of 20.
 Positive pressure:
It is required to constantly maintain a positive
pressure between the OT and the outside areas.
These are crucial to prevent the entry of outside air
inside the OT zone. The minimum pressure that
must be maintained is 2.5 Pascal.
 Air filtration:
The OTs should have well-maintained 2
 filtration levels having all efficiencies as
mentioned above.
 What are the objectives of
operation theatre?

a) Understand the safe anesthesia

techniques for various elective and
emergency procedures in and outside
the operation theatre.

b) Obtain knowledge about the proper

functioning of various anesthetic equipments
such as the work station, anesthesia monitors,
syringe pumps etc.