Frontiers In Cellular Biology: September 2022 GARNET

A Journey Into The Cell Malnegro & Dalangin

NUCLEUS
DISCOVERING
THE DISCOVERY
Robert Brown the
best flower boy?!
READ MORE
ON PAGE 3.

WHAT IS
A NUCLEUS?
The Nucleus is an
enclosed organelle
that..... READ MORE
ON PAGE 1.

The Control Panel

of the Cell
 NUCLEUS?
INTRODUCTION:

WHAT IS A
The Nucleus is an enclosed organelle that
controls the activities of the cell and holds
the genetic information of the cell.

function
f u n c t i o n
It retains and distributes information
and commands to the other organelles
to keep the cell alive. It also stores all
the genetic information of an organism
in the form of DNA ?

Think of the nucleus as the captain of a ship! It organizes

and delegates the jobs that need to be carried out within
the cell. If it was absent, how would the members of the
ship (remaining organelles) know what to do? How would
they keep the cell afloat without the nucleus?

ANATOMY
a n a t o m y
In further detail, the nucleus is
encased by the nuclear envelope and
nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope—
as the name suggests— encloses the
DNA, and the nuclear pores fill up the
envelope. Both of these parts control
the passage of proteins that need
access to the DNA. Then, there’s the
nucleolus, which manufactures
ribosomes that then pass through the
nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm.

page 1
THE CELL’S HEALTH:

IN THE EVENT THAT THE

NUCLEUS
MALFUNCTIONS…
Remember when we stated a situation about the cell
without the nucleus? Well, a similar situation can happen
where the parts of the nucleus get misplaced or damaged.

In a study by Ibarra et.al, the nuclear pores interacted with

stretches of the genome that help determine cell identity
(super-enhancers), and the experiments that modified the
nuclear pore proteins created faults in gene expression,
while they carried on preserving the cell membrane.

Hence, since the nucleus carries the chromosomes and

makes ribosomes, blighting any part of it could result in
diseases that may be caused by dysfunctional nuclear
membrane components like leukemia, heart disease, and
aging disorders.

Furthermore, cardiac cells, blood cells (in blood

vessels), and muscles may break down as a result of
genes being misplaced from their proper location in the
nucleus, which causes them to malfunction.

ERROR 707
page 2
 HISTORY:

A TIMELINE
ON DISCOVERING
THE NUCLEUS

1676 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

(the father of microbiology)
first noted the cell nucleus in
a study on biology, although
he didn't name it.

Robert Brown discovered the 1831

nucleus while examining the
outer layer of an orchid under
a microscope. He noted the
existence of opaque patches
1902
Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri in the plant tissues.
were responsible for identifying
the chromosome as the hub for
heredity (Chromosomal Theory of
Inheritance) in a study of cytology
that focused on linking cells to
the study of genetics.

page 3
 DID YOU KNOW?
orr ''P
!!
Po
P orreess S F
Fo Paam
miillyy
P i
inn S t
t a
a n
n d
d aa''
e P
hhe
T

The nuclear pores are

made up of nucleoporin!

Nucleoporins are a family of

proteins and are called the
building blocks of the nuclear
pore complex (NPC).

KE C
LI
The word nucleus is derived

ORN?
S O,
from the Latin word nucleus
which means 'kernel'. er

k
ne
lh
a ha ha ha :D

WHAT DO YOU CALL AN

ENVELOPE WITHOUT A LETTER? nuclear
envelope
The nuclear envelope is
actually a very complex
part… Its inner membrane
is stabilized by a meshwork
of intermediate filament
proteins called lamins.
LAST, BUT NOT
THE LEAST...

Can you believe the cell nucleus

is the largest organelle of the
cell and holds approximately
2 meters of DNA?

page 4
Resources
Wikipedia, 2022. Cell Nucleus. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus#History on September 6, 2022.

Biologywise, 2010. Facts about the Cell Nucleus. Retrieved from

https://biologywise.com/cell-nucleus-facts on September 6, 2022.

Ibarra A., Benner C., Tyagi S., Cool J., Hetzer M.W., 2016. Nucleoporin-

mediated regulation of cell-identity genes. Retrieved from

https://www.salk.edu/news-release/heart-disease-leukemia-linked-dysfunction-

nucleus/ on September 6, 2022.

Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 2013.

Nucleus structure crucial to understanding diseases discovered. ScienceDaily.

Retrieved from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130208110255.htm

on September 6, 2022.

National Geographic Society, 2022. History of the Cell: Discovering the Cell.

Retrieved from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/history-cell-

discovering-cell on September 6, 2022.‌

Doye V,, Hurt E. 1997. "From nucleoporins to nuclear pore complexes"

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 9 (3): 401–11. doi:10.1016/S0955-

0674(97)80014-2.

page 5