1omton Tomasetti Project Kiwanis Riverview Terrace 400 College Avenue, Adrian MI TT Project No. C22150.00 Structural Investigation Report Prepared For Scott Beltz ceo ‘Medallion Management, Inc. 834 King Highway Suite 100 Kalamazoo, Mi 49001 Propared By Kevin Jackson, P.E. Associate Principal ‘Thornton Tomasetti 330 N. Wabash Avenue, Suite 1500 Chicago, IL 60611 Phone: 312.598.2000 Fax: 312.596.2001 ‘August 18, 2022N iornton Tomasetti 0 EXE UTIVE SUMMARY At the request of the Client (Medallion Management, Inc.), Thornton Tomasetti, Inc. (TT) has ‘completed an assessment on whether the Kiwanis Riverview Terrace structure can be reoccupied. Based on TT's preliminary review and site observations, the existing structure has a discontinuous lateral load path and should not be reoccupied until repairs can be implemented. In addition, significant distress exists at the connection of the facade to the floor system. Possible repair approaches are discussed; however a full building analysis willbe required to determine the extent and specific detalling of required repairs. ROUN ‘Thomton Tomasett, Inc. was previously engaged by the Client to provide an assessment of the building structure and make recommendations as to the possibilty of occupancy prior to andior during repair of the structure. TT visited the site on August 1, 2022 to observe visible and accessible portions of the building to understand the nature of the observed cracking in the precast plank. TT algo reviewed the following relevant documents as part of cur review, in addition to other documentation provided by the Client: * Original Architectural Design Drawings prepared by Francis A. Faulhaber & Associates, Architects dated February 18, 1972, Sheets 1 through 15. + Original Structural Design Drawings prepared by Samborn, Steketee, Otis, & Evans Inc., dated February 18, 1972, Sheets S1 through $5. CUSSION 1 BUILDING OVERVIEW The Kiwanis Riverview Terrace is a twelve-story senior living facility lacated in Adrian Michigan. The building i 'L’ shaped in plan with the legs of the 'L’ being approximately 120 feet and 120 feet long respectively. Bath legs are 56 feet wide. The primary superstructure consists of 8-inch hollow core precast piank floors supported on load bearing masonry walls. Figure 1 below shows the typical overall floor plan and arrangement of the precast planks. Some of these walls are transferred to columns at the second floor to create larger open areas atthe ground floor. Conerete grade beams support the walls and transfer gravity loads to belled caissons, Page 2of 8 Kiwanis Riverview Terrace ‘August 18, 2022 | Project # €22160.00Tomasetti — Figure 1 — Typical Floor Plan Lateral loads are resisted by both interior and perimeter masonry shear walls. Interior walls consist of 6" concrete masonry units, and perimeter walls consist of 8" concrete block composite with 4” brick masonry at the exterior. The design drawings indicate that connections transferring lateral loads between the floor planks and the walls are made with dowels embedded in the {grouted joints at the ends of the plank and to the outer most cell of the edge plank where the wall, 's parallel to the wall (Figure 3). No topping slab over the precast is specified, except at the balcony. Exterior walls are designed to span vertically between floors for out-of-plane loading due to wind, Page 9018 Kiwanis Riverview Terrace ‘August 18,2022 | Project # 22150.0032 Tomasetti Figure 2 - Connections between precast planks and masonry walls. ‘SITE OBSERVATIONS ‘TT visited the site on August 1, 2022. On site TT observed cracks parallel to the span of the planks of various widths. The observed cracks were primarily observed adjacent to the exterior Walls, adjacent to the interior walls along the side of the stairs, and in the main corridors. At some locations the cracks were observed through the plank, and in other locations cracks were observed at the joints between planks, Cracks were typically observed from the underside of the planks as they are generally exposed within the units. At some locations, the carpet was removed, and cracks were observed from above. in addition to the horizontal nature of the cracks, vertical displacement was also ‘commonly observed. Cracks were observed at al floors that were visited, however no significant cracks were observed at the roof level TT observed the exterior fagade from the ground level. No widespread cracking or distress such {as bowing of the walls was observed. Localized cracks were observed at various locations, including the narrow masonry piers located between sets of windows, and around various wall penetrations near the base of the walls. Page 4 of 8 Kiwanis Riverview Terrace ‘August 18,2022 | Project #0221800hornton Tomasetti ieee Photo 2 Cracks observed at underside of Level 4 plank acjacent to interor stairwell Page 5 of 8 Kiwanis Rveniew Terrace ‘August 18,2022 | Project # €22150.00on Tomasetti 3.3 DISCUSSION {In addition to supporting the gravity loads at each floor, the precast plank system serves two other functions. First it connects the fagade to the building and collects loads applied to the face of the building from the wind. Second, it takes that load and distributes it to the building's shear walls that resist the wind loads. ‘Two general phenomena appear to be associated with the observed cracks. The fist is related to the transfer of horizontal loads that are parallel to the span of the plank. Lateral loads due to wind ‘acting parallel to the plank span are applied to the ends of the planks by the fagade. The loads then must travel through the planks to the walls that are also parallel to the planks. Since there is ‘no topping slab to serve as a diaphragm, the load must pass through the grouted joints between planks. The load collected by the planks accumulates to its highest levels at the walls, and the stiffest walls attract the load in proportion to their stiffness. Its at the floor connections to the stitfest walls where the most severe cracks have been observed. ‘The second effect is that once a crack forms atthe perimeter wall, it greatly reduces the capacity Cf the connection ofthe fagade tothe flor system for wind loads applied in the perpendicular direction, It also reduces the capacity ofthe wall for gravity and flexural loading as the wall is no longer braced by those fore. ‘Where cracks occur on multiple floors in the same plan location, the walls must span a larger distance vertically for out-of-plane loads, or rely on the horizontal joint reinforcement and span horizontally between perpendicular walls at either end. TT evaluated the ability of the wall to span horizontally based on an assumed area of reinforcement, however, there is insufficient capacity to resist code required loads in the horizontal span configuration. ‘As described above, the damage to the floor system has reduced or removed the ability to reliably transfer lateral loads to the shear walls in the portion of the building on which relies on the damaged plank. Further, the capacities of those walls are reduced by lack of out of plane bracing the floor would ordinarily provide. Despite the observed distress, the damage is confined to the diaphragm portion of the lateral system and therefore does not comply with the definition of ‘Substantial Structural Damage in the Intemational Existing Building Code (IEBC). Therefore, upgrading the remainder of the building's lateral system to current code is not required. While no distress was observed at the building exterior, the exterior facades remain at risk of possible failure in a wind event due to the damaged connections to the base building structure. 4.0 NEXT STEPS & RECOMMENDATIONS ‘TT recommends that the building remain unoccupied until repairs can be implemented, TT further recommends that the previously established perimeter around the building remain in place due to the potential for failure of the fagadk Repairs are required to establish a reliable diaphragm capable of transferring loads the planks into the shear walls, and to reestablish the connection of the fagade back to the floors at each level. itis anticipated thet tis connection will need to be retrofit throughout the building, regardless of whether damage has occurred at that location or not. A full assessment of the building willbe required to establish the full extent of the damage. ‘Access to all rooms and floors will be required to document the full extent of distress. It is anticipated that the majority of the observation can be made from the underside of the planks, Page 6 of 8 Kiwanis Riveriow Terace ‘August 18, 2022 | Project # 022150,00iton Tomasetti however localized removal of carpet or other finishes may also be required. Materials sampling and testing may also be necessary to establish the existing capacity of various components, such as the precast plank. TT reviewed the possibility of adding a topping slab to establish a diaphragm. TT reviewed the existing caissons to determine what reserve capacity may exist. The available capacity varies, nificantly and is further affected by the overturning due to wind. At some locations no additional capacity exists. Therefore, the extent of the topping would need to be limited and likely ‘supplemented with additional chord and collector elements. Another consideration is to avoid ‘adding topping adjacent to existing stair landings and elevators in order to avoid modifications there. Finally further study is required to evaluate the existing precast for the additional load, however itis common to add topping to precast plank and achieve composite action and increased capacity. ‘Stee! strapping can be considered; however it may decrease headroom. Similarly, carbon fiber bars, plates, of fabric could be utlized to reinforce the diaphragm, Careful detailing for both systems willbe required atthe interface with the shear walls, and existing offsets and discontinuities between adjacent planks may create installation challenges. Yet another option would be to create a series of slots, perpendicular to the span from the top such that reinforcing could be placed perpendicular to the span and doweled into the walls for direct transfer of load to the walls. Cutting the slot would require shoring of the precast, and possible ballast above the planks. ‘Attachment of the exterior walls for out-of-plane loading can be achieved with carbon fiber fabric anchored into the solid grouted course of concrete masonry located just below the floor line and adhered to the underside of the planks. In all approaches, or combinations thereof, further analysis is required to identify the full extent and feasibilty of repairs. QUALIFICATIONS This report shall not be construed to warrant or guarantee the building and/or any of its components under any circumstances, Thorton Tomasetti, Inc. (T7) shall not be responsible for latent or hidden defects that may exis, nor shall it be inferred that all defects have been ether observed or recorded. TT's visual observations include no specific knowledge of concealed construction or subsurface conditions at the subject property. Comments pertaining to concealed construction or subsurface conditions are professional opinion of TT based on relevant experiance, judgment and current standards of practice, however the actual concealed conditions at the subject property may vary from TT's observations. This report is based upon information obtained from visual observations of representative items made atthe time of TT's site visi(s) and from TT's review of the information available atthe time, TT's findings {and conclusions are subject to change based upon the receipt of additional or updated information. 4, TT's professional services have been performed in accordance with the standards of skill and care generally exercised by other professional consultants acting under similar circumstances and Conditions at the time the services were performed. TT's findings, conclusions and opinions are based Page 7 of 8 Kiwanis Riverview Terrace ‘August 18, 2022 | Project #€22160.00Thornton Tomasetti on TT's visual observations, review of the available documents, professional experience, interviews with those knowledgeable with the conditions pertinent to the subject investigation, and sound investigation practices. No warranty or future performance of the subject property is expressed or implied findings and conclusions in this report 5. This report has been prepared by TT at the request of the Client strictly under the terms and coneiitions of our agreement, and is exclusively for the Client's use in TT's evaluation of the subject property. This report is not intended for use by any third parties and no third party has any right to rely on any of the ‘analysis or conclusion set forth herein. TT has no responsibilty or liability to any third party for any loss or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of or reliance on this report by any third party. 6. Without limiting any of the above, TT's liability, whether under the law of contract, tor, statute, equity or otherwise, is limited as set out inthe terms of TT's engagement with the Client. 7. Budget estimates, if included inthis report, are opinions of probable cost based on our experience with similar buildings and systems, industry-standard cost data, local cost data, and/or discussions with local Contractors. Our opinions of costs are to be used for budgeting purposes only and to ilustate the Felative magnitude of the work involved. Actual costs may vary due to weather and time of season, contractor schedules, unusual owner requirements, phasing, contractor or material availablity and other factors beyond our control. These budget estimates, unless otherwise noted, do not include Provisions for"soft costs” such as professional fees, permits, contingencies, ete. or costs for unforeseen elements involving demotion, asbestos abatement, overtime labor, escalation, ete. 8. To the extent this report includes observations regarding construction means and methods, unsafe conditions, or safety precautions, they are intended solely to advise the Client of potential deviations by the Contractor from their obligations under the Contract Documents, and must not be construed as an assumption by TT of any duty towards the Contractor or any third party, or as an assumption by TT of any of the Contractor's obligations. Page 8 of8 Kiwanis Riverdew Terrace ‘August 18,2022 | Project #22180.00