SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

A RESEARCH ON SOME OF THE DIFFERENT

MANUFACTURING/INDUSTRIAL
OPERATIONS AND THEIR PROCESSES

OLPINO, EDRENO JR. C.

BSME - IV

ENGR. BEA ANDAYA

INSTRUCTOR
A manufacturing process is how a company builds or creates a product. It can be a complex
activity that involves a range of machinery, tools and equipment with many levels of automation
using computers, robots and cloud-based technology.
A business establishes its own manufacturing process to produce goods specifically for its
customers. A company decides which production method to choose based on factors such as
consumer demand, sales forecasts, the assembly technique, materials involved and what
resources are available. For example, you might choose to make a product in bulk batches while
a certain ingredient is in stock or on sale, or in smaller numbers to fulfill customer orders without
having additional storage costs. Many of today's manufacturing processes date back to the
Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, which took industry from man-made to man-and-machine-
made, and as technology advances, processes get easier to understand and follow. Each approach
is unique with certain advantages to complete a specific task, and there are sub-sectors within the
industry such as food, apparel, chemical or electronic manufacturing (EDITORIALS, 2021).
THESE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF THE DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING/INDUSTRIAL
OPERATIONS AND THEIR SPECIFIC PROCESSES:

1. CASTING OPERATIONS
A. Sand Casting
- Moist bonding sand is packed around a pattern. The pattern is removed to create
the mould and molten metal poured into the cavity. Risers supply necessary
molten materials during solidification. The mould is then broken to remove the
part (K.G SWIFT, 2013).

- Typical Applications:
A. Engine blocks
B. Manifolds
C. Machine and tool bases
D. Pump housings
E. Cylinder Heads
 - Design Aspects:
A. High degree of shape complexity possible. Limited only by the pattern.
B. Loose piece patterns can be used for holes and protrusions.
C. All interesting surfaces must be filleted: prevents shrinkage cracks and
eliminates stress concentrations (K.G SWIFT, 2013).

B. Shell Moulding
- A heated metal pattern is placed over a box of thermosetting resin-coated sand.
The box is inverted for a fixed time to cure the sand. The box is re-inverted and
the excess sand falls out. The shell is then removed form the pattern and joined
with the other half. They are supported in a flask by an inert material ready for
casting (K.G SWIFT, 2013).

2. FORMING OPERATIONS
A. Forging
- Hot metal is formed into the required shape by the application of pressure or
impact forces causing plastic deformation using a press or hammer in a single or a
series of dies (K.G SWIFT, 2013).
 B. Drawing
- A number of processes where long lengths of rod, tube or wire are pulled through
dies to progressively reduce the original cross-section through plastic
deformation. The process is performed cold (K.G SWIFT, 2013).

References
EDITORIALS, I. (2021, MARCH 2). 6 Types of Manufacturing Processes. (I.
EDITORIALS, Ed.) INDEED. Retrieved from
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/manufacturing-
processes
K.G SWIFT, J. B. (2013). Manufacturing Process Selection Handbook. waltham ,
massachusetts, USA: The boulevard, Langford lane, Kidlington. Retrieved
from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
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uring+operations+and+specific+processes&ots=ppRyk9NsYn&sig=DhY8tF
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