0501 Legal and Constitutional History

1) Describe the salient features of the early administration of justice in Bombay till 1726.
2) What were the composition and powers of the Municipal Corporations and Mayor’s
Courts set up by the Charter of 1726?
3) Explain the aims of the Regulating Act of 1773 and how it affected the Governor
General’s power to legislate.
4) How did Lord Cornwallis establish the Rule of Law?
5) ‘High Courts set up by the Indian High Courts Act 1861 unified the earlier dual
administration of justice’ Explain with reference to the jurisdiction of the courts.
6) What were the merits and de-merits of the establishment of the Central Legislature under
the Charter Act 1833?
7) Discuss the need for Law Reform in a judicial system and point out ways in which this is
accomplished.
8) Trace the evolution of the Indian Legal profession from 1846 to 1961.
9) Describe the composition and powers of the Provincial Legislatures Under the
Government of India Act 1935.
10) Explain how justice was administered in Madras from 1639 to 1726.
11) Discuss critically the Warran Hasting’s Plan of 1772.
12) Write detail the provisions of Regulating Act 1773 relating to establishment and
powers of Supreme Court.
13) Critically assess the modern judicial system in India.
14) Write a detail note on Indian Council Act of 1861. Discuss in brief the provisions of the
Government of India Act, 1935.
15) Explain the need of codification of law in India. What was the contribution of law
commissions to that effect?
16) Trace the history of law reporting in India.
17) How did the early administration of justice in Calcutta till 1726
differ from that in Madras?

18) What is the important contribution of the Charter of 1726 to

judical administration in the Presidency Towns
19) Describe the reasons for conflicts between the Supreme Court at
Calcutta and the Supreme council. In which case did the two

seem to agree with each other?

20) How did the Charter Act of 1833 embark on unifying the judical
system?

21) Explain the circumstance leading to the passing of the Charter of 1726 and discuss its
judicial importance.
22) Compare the organization, working and effectiveness of the Mayor’s Court in Madras
1687 and the Mayor’s Courts established under the Charter of 1726.
23) Discuss the plan of 1790 made by Lord Cornwallis regarding:Changes in the system of
courts and Efforts to modify the Islamic Criminal Law.
24) Why did the Regulating Act of 1773 recommend the setting up of a Supreme Court at
Calcutta? Discuss the composition, powers and jurisdiction of the court established by a
Special Charter in 1774.
25) Describe the composition and powers of the legislatures under the Morley-Minto
Reforms of 1909.

26) “The Charter issued to the Company by King George I on the 24th September,1726, turned over a
new leaf in the evolution of judicial institutions in the threePresidency Towns". Critically examine
the provisions of Charter of 1726.

27) “The Governor-Generalship of Lord Cornwallis which extended from 1786to 1793 constitutes a
very remarkable and a highly creative period in Indian Legal History_ _ _ _. He Introduced for
the first time the principle of administration according to law ". Discuss in detail the judicial
plans of Lord Cornwallis.

28) “A great step forward was taken in the Indian Legal History when the SupremeCourt of Judicature was
created at Calcutta under the Regulating Act of 1773”.Critically examine the establishment and
working of the Supreme Court atCalcutta.

29) How far appeals to Privy Council were allowed from India? Are the decisionsof Privy Council still
relevant in the administration of justice in independent India? Comment.

30) Patna case signifies the chaotic state of administration of justice in the province of Bengal,
Bihar and Orissa". Critically examine the factual setupand decision given by the Supreme Court in
 Patna Case.

31) Write a note on Montagu-Chelmsford Report and the Government of IndiaAct, 1919.

32) Discuss in detail the jurisdiction of the Federal Court.

33) Short Notes:

1) The Company’s Charter of 1600.
2) The Charter Act of 1813.
3) The dual government in Bengal 1765-1770.
4) The amendment to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction in 1781
5) The power of the Governor under the 1935 Act.
6) The 1st law Commission under Macaulay.
7) The All India Federation visualized by the Act of 1935.
8) The need for law reporting.
9) The company’s organization and powers in the 17th century.
10) The mayor’s court in Madras 1687.

11) Legislative powers of the Governor General under the Regulating

Act 1773.

12) Legal aid in modern India.

13) Disciplining of Advocates.
14) The ‘Privy Council’s role’
15) The Federal Court in 1935.
16) Charter of 1600: Establishment of East India Company
17) Cossijurah Case
18) Significance of Historiography
19) Charlotte Abraham v. Francis Abraham, 9 MIA 199 (PC)
 502 Family Law-I

1. Discuss schools of Muslim Law.

2. What are the requisites for validity of Parsi Marriage?
3. Explain the grounds of divorce by husband and wife under the Indian Divorce Act
1869.
4. Who are the guardians for the property of the minor under Muslim Law? What are
their powers?
5. Discuss the grounds of divorce under section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955.
6. Explain the provisions of Muslim Woman (Protection of Divorce) Act 1986.
7. What is Talaq? Discuss the various forms of Talaq under Mohammedan Law.
Explain Talaq-ul-Sunnat, Talaq-ul-Biddat, ILA and Zihar.
8. Who can appoint a testamentary guardian under Hindu Law? Distinguish between
natural guardian and testamentary guardian. What are their powers under Hindu
Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956?
9. What are the essential conditions for registration of marriage under Special
Marriage Act?
10. Define Mahr (Dower). What are the kinds of Mahr?
11. What are the rights of a female Hindu to adopt a child? What are the other
conditions of adoption under Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956? Which
persons have authority to solemnize marriage under Christian Marriage Act? What
are the rules for time and place to solemnize the marriage?
12. What is acknowledgment under Muslim Law? What are the basic principles and
conditions of valid acknowledgment?
13. Discuss valid marriage and provisions of Remarriage under Hindu Law.
14. What are the grounds for declaring a marriage null and void under Indian Divorce
Act?
15. Explain restitution of conjugal rights under Muslim and Parsi Law. How it is a
ground for obtaining divorce?
16. Enumerate and explain various sources of Mohammedan Law.
17. “Marriage according to Muslim Law is a civil contract.” Discuss.
18. Discuss the provisions relating to order of Maintenance of wives, children and
parents under the Code of Criminal Procedure.
19. Discuss the provisions relating to registration of marriages under Indian Christian
Marriage Act.
20. What are the sources of Hindu Law? Write a comment on Custom as a source of
Hindu Law and its role in the codified Hindu Law.
21. What are the grounds of divorce under Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act 1936?
22. Explain Restitution of Conjugal rights under Hindu Marriage Act. Compare it
with the provisions under the Muslim Law and Parsi Law.
23. Discuss the grounds on which a husband and a wife both are entitled for
dissolution of marriage under the Indian Divorce Act, 1869.
24. Explain in detail the form and the conditions in which marriages are solemnized
by Ministers of Religion under The Indian Christians Marriage Act, 1872.
25. Explain the grounds for decree for dissolution of Marriage under the Dissolution
of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939.
26. Discuss the grounds on which the Christians under the Divorce Act can claim
divorce. Elaborate the recent amendments to the Act.“The relief of restitution of
 conjugal rights provided in matrimonial laws is against the constitutional rights of
persons.”
27. Discuss this statement with reference to the Hindu Marriage Act and the relevant
case law.
28. When can a Hindu wife claim separate residence and maintenance from her
husband? Discuss with reference to the Hindu Adoption & Maintenance Act 1956.
29. Discuss the provisions regarding divorce by mutual consent under the various
personal laws.
30. What are the powers and limitations of a natural and testamentary guardian for
Hindu under the Act of 1956?
31. What are the grounds for judicial separation under the Special Marriage Act?
32. What is a valid, void, voidable marriage under the Hindu law? Explain by giving
examples and enumerate.
33. Discuss different modes of talaq under the Muslim law.

B] Short Notes

1. Parsi Matrimonial Courts.

2. Hizanat.
3. Rights arising from valid (sahih) and invalid (fasid) marriage.
4. Custom as a source of law under Hindu Law.
5. Essentials of Mulim Marriage.
6. Restitution of conjugal rights under Hindu Law.
7. Maintenance of children and aged parents under Hindu Law.
8. Dower.
9. Maintenance under section 125 of Cr.P.C
10. Muta Marriage.
11. Khyar-ul-Bulugh.
12. Re-marriage when unlawful under Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936.

C] Problems

1. W, a Muslim girl is married during her minority. She wants to repudiate the
marriage. Advice her.
2. A Parsi husband converts as Hindu and marries a Hindu woman. Is the marriage
valid?
3. P and Q both Hindus, were married on 1.4.98. P, the husband wants to obtain a
divorce. He files a petition on 1.6.99. Is the petition valid?
4. D, a Christian woman files a petition for divorce. Her husband prays for
maintenance pendent lite. Will he succeed?
5. A, a Hindu wife live separately from her husband B, as B has converted. A wants
to claim maintenance from B. Advice A.
6. A & B both Hindus married at Madras. They last resided together at Cochin. A
presently living at Bangalore and B at Hyderabad. B wants to file a suit for
divorce. In which court can she file the petition?
7. X, a 12 year old Muslim girl was given in marriage by her father, to Y, a Muslim
husband. The marriage is consummated. At the age of 20 the girl wants to
repudiate the marriage. Can she do so?
8. A & B both Parsi marry under Special Marriage Act without performing Ashirwad
ceremony. Is the marriage valid?
9. A, a Hindu wife gets divorce from her husband on the ground of cruelty. They
have a son of 8 years. Who will get the custody of child?
10. A, a Hindu male aged forty yeas adopts a daughter aged seven years. He has a
son’s daughter. Is the adoption valid?
11. The wife Smt. Avanti is working at Phagwara. She is not in a position to come and
stay with her husband. However she is ready and willing to leave her job and
come back to matrimonial home provided she is given financial assistance.
Husband Arvind never gave her money for her maintenance or of her son. Is there
any ground to hold that she has deserted the husband? Would the husband succeed
in obtaining divorce the ground of desertion? Explain with reasons.
12. Phiroz, a Parsi husband married Shebin knowing that she was suffering from
unsoundness of mind at the time of marriage. Now after four years of marriage, he
finds it difficult to live with her. He wants to obtain a decree of divorce. Will he
succeed?
13. Rashid, a Muslim husband gives talaq to his wife Anisa by the method of “Talaq-
ul-Biddat”, but, later he changes his mind and wants to remarry her. Can he do so?
Advice him.
14. Mrs. Meera, converts herself from Hinduism to another religion. She is living
separately from her husband because she has a cause justifying her to live
separately. She claims maintenance from her husband, under the Hindu Adoptions
and Maintenance Act, 1986. Will she succeed?
15. Explain. Sakina Bibi and Shamshad both Muslim marry under Special Marriage
Act. Shamshad filed suit for divorce. Sakina Bibi wants to make an application for
alimony Pendent lite. Advice her.
 503 Law of Contract I

1) A Contract is defined as ‘an agreement enforceable by law’ Discuss.

2) Discuss the rule that stranger to a contract cannot sue on the contract and the
exceptions to that rule.
3) Define and distinguish between ‘Coercion’ and ‘Undue Influence’
4) What is wager? Discuss the essentials and effect of wagering agreement.
5) What are the principles usually followed to assess damages for breach of contract?
6) ‘Under the Indian Contract Act, there are certain relations resembling those created
by a contract’ Explain.
7) Describe the persons who may obtain specific performance of a contract under
section 15 of Specific Relief Act
8) Explain the principle underlying any two of the following:
a) Lalman V/s Guaridutt.
b) Carlill V/s Carbolic smoke ball company.
c) Powel V/s Lee.
d) Lewis Vs Aversay.
e) Hochster Vs De La Tour.
f) Allcard V. Skinner
g) Dutton V. Poole
h) Dunlop V. Higgins

9) Define free consent. When is the consent said to be

caused by fraud ?

10)Define contingent contracts .Explain the rules regarding

the enforcement of these Contracts.

11) Explain the rule ‘no consideration no contract ’ along

with the exceptions if any.

12) Explain the various remedies available to the injured

party after discharge of contract by breach.

13) What are the rules relating to time and place of

performance?

14) Discuss the ‘Quasi contracts’ under the Indian Contract

Act.

15) Enumerate the contracts, which may not be specifically

enforced.

16) When can the court order rectification of instruments

17) Explain injunction as a preventive relief granted by the
Court.

18) Discuss the essential element of a contract.

19) Define offer. What are the essentials of a valid offer?
20) A person who is usually of unsound mind but occasionally of sound mind may make a
contract when he is sound mind. Explain.
21) What are reciprocal promises? Discuss the provisions in the Indian Contract Act
relating to the performance of reciprocal promises.
22) State the remedies allowed to the aggrieved person in case of breach of contract.
23) Explain the law of Frustration of Contract as embodied in sec. 56 of the Indian
Contract Act.
24) What do you understand by the term Specific Performance? In what cases can the
specific performance of a contract be enforced?
25) Power to award compensation under section 21 of the Specific Relief Act with suitable
illustrations.
26) Discuss fully minor’s agreement.

Short Notes:

1) Mohori Bibi Vs Dharmodas Ghose

2) Lalman Shukla Vs Gauri Datt.
3) Krell Vs Henry.
4) Classification of contracts
5) Novation
6) Agreement in restraint of trade.
7) Rectification
8) Injunction.
9) Standard form contracts.
10) Agreement in restraint of legal proceedings.

11) Reciprocal promises.

12) Rescission.
13) Finder of Goods.
14) Consideration.
15) Personal bars to relief
16) Mandatory and perpetual injunction
17) Defences in suits for relief based on contract.
 504 Law of Crimes

Q.1. Explain the right of private defence of the property.

Q. 2.“In all robbery there is either theft or extortion”. Explain. {

Q. 3 “Every murder is culpable homicide but every culpable homicide

is not murder”Discuss.

Q.4. Explain in detail the right of Private Defence of the Body.

Q.5. Explain the offence of dacoity in detail.

Q.6. Define hurt. When it amounts to grievous hurt? Explain the offence of
voluntarily Causing hurt.

Q.7. “The act does not constitute guilt without guilty mind”. Discuss.

Q.8. What is culpable homicide? When does it amount to murder?

Q.9. Discuss the intra-territorial and extra-territorial operation of the

I.P.C.

Q.10 What is defamation? State any four exceptions in detail.

Q.11 Explain the provisions regarding abetment of an offence.

Q.12. Discuss offences relating to marriage.

Q.13.“Two ingredients are essential to constitute an offence”

Comment.

Q.14. “Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right

of private Defence” comment.

Q.15. Explain in detail the offence of assault.

Q.16. Explain the offence of rioting in detail.

Q.17. State the ingredients of criminal conspiracy and distinguish it

from abetment.

Q.18. State importance of mens-rea in the criminal offence. Are there

any exceptions to it?

Q.19.What are the circumstances under which a person is exempted

 from criminal Liability?

Q.20.Distinguish, with illustrations between murder and culpable

homicide not Amounting to murder.

Q.21.What is housebreaking. In what circumstances it amounts to

robbery?

Q.22.What is defamation? What are the defences available for the

offence of defamation? Explain the offence of defamation.

Q.23. Explain the offence of culpable homicide amounting to murder.

Q.24. Explain the offence of housebreaking by night.

Q.25. Explain the offence of assault.

Q.26. Explain the offence of forgery.

Q.27. Explain the offence of giving false evidence and fabricating

false evidence.

Q.28.“An act and the intent must concur to constitute an offence”.

Explain

Q.29. Discuss in detail various theories of punishment.

Q.31. Explain in detail the offence of voluntarily causing grievous

hurt.

Q.32. Explain in detail the offence of kidnapping from lawful

guardianship.

Q.33. Discuss the offence of culpable homicide not amounting to

murder.

Q.34. Explain the offence of kidnapping and distinguish it from

abduction.

Q.35. Explain the maxim: actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea.

How is it reflected in the Indian Penal Code?

Q.36. What is the difference between the scope of sections 76& 79 of the
Indian Penal Code? Explain.
[Write notes]

A]. Insanity as a defence.

B] Accident as a defence.

C]. Mischief.

D]. Grievous Hurt.

E].Offences relating to Elections.

F]. Offences relating to Army, Navy and Air-force.

Q.37. Notes-
 Bigamy
 Criminal Conspiracy.
 Rioting.
 Wrongful Restraint.
 Sedition
 Good faith
 Fraudulently
 Voluntarily
 Rape and adultery
 Hurt and grievous hurt
 Criminal force and assault
 Preparation and attempt
 Accident as defence
 Act of child as defence
 Cheating
 505 Health and Food Law
Ql) Discuss the international perspectives of Right to Health as human right in
thebackdrop of various International Instruments.

Q2) Explain the Constitutional provisions protecting the Right to Health of

thecitizens, highlighting the important cases.

Q3) Define Maternity Benefit? Who is entitled to maternity benefits? What are
thekinds of maternity benefits available under the legal arena.

Q4) Critically examine important provisions of the Food Safety and standard
Act,2006 with reference to protection of health and safety of citizens.

Q5) Discuss the various provisions relating to protection of health and

safetyunder Indian Penal Code 1860.

Q6) Write a detailed note on object and scheme of The Pre-natal

DiagnosticTechniques (Regulation and Prevantion of Misuse) Act 1994.
Q7) Explain the Responsibilities of State Governments under the National
FoodSecurity Act, 2013.

Q8) Elaborate the need and object of Law on Mental Health.

Q9) Write short note on any two

a) Fundamental Right to food and nutrition
b) Safety provisions for workers under Factories Act.
c) Food Safety Appellate Tribunal.
d) World Health Organization
 506 EQUITY AND TRUST

1) State the provisions and produce of Bombay Public Trust Act,

1950 ating to inquiry for registration, and further inquiry of

particulars remained to be inquired into.

2) Discuss the powers of Charity Commissioner to act for protection

of Charities.

3) Discuss the provisions relating to “ Suits by or against relating to Public

Trust or Trustees” laid down in Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950.
4) Explain the following.

a) Investment of Public Trust Money

b) Alienation of immovable property of Public Trust
5) Write notes on any three.
a) Dharmada
b) Penalties under the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950
c) Temple
d) Public Trust Administration Fund
e) Order of Surcharge
6) Discuss the Powers and duties of Trustees under the Indian
Trust Act, 1882. (15Marks)
7) Explain the nature of “trust” and distinguish between Private and
Public Trust.
8) Discuss the provisions relating to ‘Disabilities of Trustees’ under
the Indian Trust Act, 1882.
9) Explain the following-
a) Revocation of Trust
b) Essential ingredients of valid Trust
9) Explain the briefly the Principles of fiduciary relationship.
Assess the provisions of laws relating to fiduciary relationships.

10) Enumerates the duties and liabilities of trustee under the

Indian
Trust Act ,1882.
11) Explain detail the obligation in the nature of trust under the
Indian
Trust Act,1882
12) Discuss the distinction between trust and bailment.write a
detailed
note on breach of trust.
13) What are the provisions of the Bombay Public Trust Act
relating to Budget, Accounts and Audit.
13) Registration of public trust.
14) Discuss the nature, origin and growth of equity.

Write short notes on any three

a. Extinction of Trust
b. Classification of trust
c. Rights of Beneficiary
d. Liability for breach of Trust
e. Trust and Bailment
f. Doctrine of Cypress
g. Establishment
h. Person having interest
i. Trust and mortgage
j. Disability of trustees
k. Various kinds of trusts
l. Vacating the office of trustee
 0507
Criminal Psychology and Criminal Sociology
Q1)Explain various Sociological theories of Crime. Discuss their importancein
understanding the criminal behaviour?
a) Attempt the following:
i) Hirschi’s Social Control Theory
ii) Differential Reinforcement Theory
b) Explain the process of profiling criminal personality. What are the
factorsunderling criminal profiling? What are its merits and demerits?
c) Define Criminology. Write a detailed note on positivist theory of
Criminology.
d) Explain ‘Socialization’ and ‘Crime’ with special reference to
Differential Association Theory

Short Note
Neo-Classical School
Mental Illness and Crime
Application of psychology in court
Neutralization and Rift Theory
 508 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
LAWS
Q1) Discuss in detail procedure for procurement of AGMARK under
AgriculturalProduce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937.

Q2) Discuss in detail Procedure of Registration of Plant Varieties and

Essentially Derived Variety under the Protection of Plant varieties and
Farmers Rights Act, 2001

Q3) Discuss in Detail the Functions and Powers of State Marketing Board
under the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing Act of 1963.

Q4) Discuss in detail the Salient Features of Model Act of 2016 on

Agricultural Produce Marketing in India.
Q5) Discuss in detail the Right Guaranteed to the Farmers with the help of
Judicial Pronouncement under the Protection of Plant varieties and
Farmers Rights Act, 2001.

Q6) Write a detailed note on Compulsory License under the Protection of

Plant varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001.
Q7) Write a detail note on Experimental Crop Insurance (ECI).

Q8) Write a detail note on Farm Income Insurance Scheme (FIIS).

Q9) Write Any Two Short Notes

a) Constitution of State Marketing Board under Agricultural Produce

(Grading and Marking) Act, 1937.
b) Market Fund and its Use under Maharashtra Agricultural Produce
Marketing Act of 1963.
c) Election Fund under Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing Act
of1963.
d) Public Distribution System (PDS)
 601: Constitutional Law I

Ql) “The preamble to the constitution sets out the aim and aspirations of the
people of the India which have been translated into various provisions of the
Indian constitution.” Elaborate.

Q2) “It had been held that the equality clause, embodied in Article 14 does not speak
of mere formal Equality Before Law but embodies the concept of real and
substantial Equality”. Comment.

Q3) In re Kerala education bill case, the Supreme Court has observed, “the rights
conferred on the religious and linguistic minorities to administer educational
institutions of their choice is not absolute” do you agree with this observation?
Substantiate your opinion with appropriate illustrations and judicial decisions
Q4) Art. 14 Permits Classification but not Class Legislation Explain

Q.5) Critivally examine Right to establish and administer Educational

Institutions under Constitution of India.
Q.6) Explain fundamental Rights guaranteed under Constitution of India

Q9) Write Short notes on any two of the followings:

a) Art. 21 and National Emergency.
b) Fundamental Duties.
c) Equality before Law
d) Equal Protection of Law
e) Cultural Rights
f) Educational Rights
g) Uniform Civil Code
 602 Family Law II

1) What is meant by ademption of a legacy? State the circumstances when a legacy is not a
deemed.
2) Hiba-bil-Iwaz *
3) Doctrine of election *
4) Streedhana *
5) Hiba-ba-shartul Iwaz
6) Domicile by birth
7) Disqualification and Escheat under Hindu-law
8) Rule of Exclusion
9) Partial partition
10) 10) Sadaqah, Ariyat
11) Rule against-perpetuity
12) Religions and charitable endowments
13) Doctrine of Alu (Increase) and Rudd (return)
14) Khanqah
15) Ceremonies of adoption under old Hindu Law and under the present Law , and effect of
adoption .
16) Domicile by choice
17) Avyavaharika debts
18) Arm chair rule
19) Domicile
20) 20) Essentials of will under Mohammedan Law
21) Women’s estate
22) Principles of succession under Mohammedan Law
23) Obstructed and unobstructed heritage
24) Doctrine of election
25) Consanguinity
26) Subject mater of gift under Hindu Law
27) Alienation of coparency property by father
28) Stridhan and Women’s Estate.
29) Ademption of legacies.
30) Doctrine of Increase and Return.
31) Class - I heirs and Rules of distribution.
32) Pre-emption.

1. Write a detailed note on Void Bequest under the Indian SuccessionAct,1925.

2. State the rules of succession under the Indian Succession Act,1925, in case a Parsi female
dies intestate.
3. State the latest features of Coparcenary under Hindu Law
4. Discuss the law relating to Conditional Bequest as laid down under Indian Succession
Act,1925.
5. State the rules of succession in case a Hindu Female dies intestate.
6. Write a detailed note on 'Election'.
7. Discuss fully the rights ,duties and liabilities of 'Mutawali'.
8. Discuss the different kinds of will. How is an unprivileged will executed under the Indian
Succession Act,1925?
 1. A Hanifi Muslim dies leaving the following heirs- wife, son, daughter and mother.
Find out their shares.
2. X,a Karta of Hindu Joint Family alienates joint family property to pay his gambling
debts. Can his minor son who is born 6 months after the alienation challenge and set
aside the alienation?
3. A, has three children –John, Mary and Henry. In A’s lifetime leaving one child. Henry
survived A who dies intestate. Find how A’s property will be divided.
4. X- an unmarried Hindu female dies in intestate. Her real sister, real brother and
stepmother claim shares in the property of X What will be the shares of each of
them?
5. The testator gives his only bungalow to Sudhir in clause- I of the will. In clause –II he
gives the same bungalow to prakash. Who will be entitled to the property of
bungalow?
6. A, a Hindu has two sons B and C, and m is a widow of predeceased son S. M has a
minor son. She wants to enforce the partition, advice her.
7. Xis an Indian Christian, he dies leaving behind his widow, father and mother. How
property will be divided.
8. A testator gives residue of his property to his sons, X, Y, Z equally X dies before the
testator, leaving behind his son. Residue is Rs.60, 000/- Who will get the residue?
What will be the shares?
9. A, a Muslim executes a deed of gift in favour of B containing the words “ So long as I
live I shall enjoy and possess the property and shall not sell it to any one but after
my death you will be the owner” Is it a valid gift?
30. A Hindu female dies intestate leaving behind property inherited by her father. She
is survived by her husband, full brother, full sister, and mother. Find out the shares of
her heirs.
31. A having his domicile in India dies in Pakistan leaving movable property in Pakistan
and also in England. He also leaves both, movable and immovable property in India.
Explain as to how succession to the properties of A will be regulated?
32. A Parsi dies leaving behind a widow, son, daughter, father and mother. How his
estate will be divided.
33. The testator gives his only bungalow to Prakash in clause I of the will and then he
gives the same bungalow to Dinesh in clause VII of the will. Who is entitled to the
property?
34. A a Hindu dies leaving behind his Father; Mother one son and one son and daughter
of a predeceased daughter. Explain how the property will devolve up on his heirs?
35. James, a christan dies leaving behind his widow, one son and one daughter. State
how his property will devolve upon his heirs.?
36. X a Hindu female dies intestate leaving behind her husband, two daughters and one
brother. Who are entitled to her property? What will be their shares?
37. ‘A’ whose domicile is in England goes to reside in India for the purpose of winding up
his business and with the intention of returning to England, after his purpose is
accomplished. However he alters his intention after-wards and takes up his fixed
habitation in India. State which is the domicile of A?
38. A Legacy is bequeathed to X and in case of his death to Y. X survives the testator.
State what is the legal effect?
39. A bequeaths Rs. 1000 to B on condition that he shall murder C. Is the bequest valid.
40. A, whose domicile is in England, goes to Austria and enters the Austrian service
intending to remain in that service. What will be the domicile of A?
41. A Parsi dies leaving his B son C and Daughter D. Explain how his property will devolve.
42. George has left behind great grand father, Harison, two uncles Laurel and John and
Aunt Suzi and no other relative in the same degree of kindred. What will be the
shares of the heirs.
 603 Law of Contract II

1) What are the rights and duties of partners towards each other?
2) What is the act of the firm? Is the firm liable for fraud or negligence committed by it’s
partner?
3) Define the term dissolution of the firm. When can a partner file a suit for dissolution?
4) What are the rights and liabilities of partners after the dissolution of the firm. Does the
partner’s authority continue after the dissolution?
5) Define and distinguish between a condition and a warranty with suitable illustrations.
Under what circumstances a breach of a condition is to be treated as a breach of a
warranty?
6) State the doctrine of caveat emptor and explain the exceptions to it.
7) Explain the various modes by which an agency may be created.
8) Discuss the rights and duties of the bailor and bailee.
9) Define dissolution. What are the modes of compulsory dissolution? What are the
consequences of the dissolution of a firm?
10) Discuss the provisions about registration of firm.
12) ‘Partner is an agent of the firm’ Explain.
13) Define partnership and state the provisions of ‘partnership Act’
regarding reconstitution of a firm.
14) Define condition and warranty. What are the exceptions to the
rule of caveat Emptor?
15) What are the rules as to delivery?
16) Explain a contract of indemnity and state rights of promisee in a contact of indemnity.
How does a contract of indemnity differ from a contract of guarantee?
17) Define contract of guarantee. Explain the circumstances under
which surety is discharged.
18) Define Partnership. What are the essential elements of a Partnership?
19) Distinguish between Partnership and Joint Family.
20) What is ‘implied authority’ of a partner? State the statutory restrictions on implied
authority of a partner?
21) Can a minor be admitted to a partnership? If so what are this
rights and liabilities?
22) Explain the implied conditions in contract of sale of goods.
23) ‘No one can transfer a letter title than he himself possesses’
Explain this rule and the exceptions to it.
24) Define the term Agency. What are the various modes of
creation of agency?
25) Discuss the rights and duties of a bailee.
26) ‘Sharing of profits is only prima facie evidence of partnership’
Comment.
27) Define Partnership and state the provisions of ‘Partnership Act’
regarding reconstitution of a firm.
28) What is the nature and extent of partners authority to bind the
firm by his acts?
29) What is dissolution of partnership and how does it differ from
winding up of a firm? Under what circumstances dissolution of a
firm by the court is possible?
30) Who is an unpaid seller? Explain the unpaid seller’s right of lien.
In what circumstances the right of lien is terminated?
31) Explain the implied conditions in a contract of sale of goods.
32) Briefly explain the various modes by which an agency may be
created.
33) Distinguish between -
a. Indemnity and Guarantee
b. Specific and Continuing guarantee.
34) What is the significance of transfer of property in a contract of
sale of goods? State the legal rules relating to transfer of
property.
35) Non-registration of the partnership created disabilities.
Comment with reference to the provisions relating to the
registration of partnership.
36) Explain the provisions of The Partnership Act as to admission of
a minor in the firm. What are his rights and duties?
37) Define the term ‘substituted agent’ State the comparison
between sub-agent and substituted agent.
38) State the legal relations between the principal, agent and third
party in the following cases where the agent contracts for a
 named principal:
a. When the agent acts within the scope of his authority.
b. When the agent acts beyond his authority.
39) There can be no valid contract of guarantee unless there is
someone primarily liable. In the light of this statement explain
the essentials of a contract of guarantee. What will be the
position of the surety if the principal debtor is a minor?
40) Discuss the nature and extent of surety’s liability.
41) What is meant by the ‘delivery’ of goods? State the modes of
effective delivery of goods and the legal rules relating to it.
42) Explain the doctrine of ‘Caveat Emptor’. Do you find its
application in the Sale of Goods Act? State the exceptions if any
to the above doctrine.
43) State the test of partnership. What are the legal rules for a
valid partnership?
44) What are the rights and duties of partners as between
themselves?
45) Explain the provisions regarding the outgoing partners.
46) Risk prima facie passes with the pwnership. Comment and state
exceptions to the rule.
47) What is ratification and state the essential requisites of a valid
ratification and the effect of ratification of acts done originally
without authority.

Short Notes:
1) Expulsion of partner.
2) Insolvency of partner.
3) Effect of perishing of goods.
4) Price of the goods.
5) Implied condition sale by sample.
6) An unpaid seller’s right of lien.
7) An unauthorized sale by a mercantile agent.
8) Resale by an unpaid seller.
9) Essential of a valid indemnity.
10) Rights of surety against the co-sureties.
11) Duties of pawner and pawnee.
12) Ostensible authority of a agent.
13) Discharge of surety by conduct or creditor.
14) Partnership at will
15) Admission of minor as a partner.
16) Distinction between partnership and Hindu Joint Family
17) Destruction of specific goods in a contract of sale
18) Unpaid seller’s Lein
19) Measure damages.
20) Essentials of a valid sale.
21) Implied warranties in a sale.
22) Pledge.
23) Duties of a agent.
24) Agents authority
25) Essential features of Bailment
26) Essential features of guarantee.
27) Outgoing partner.
28) Dissolution by court
29) Registration of firms
30) Distinguish between sale and agreement to sell
31) Transfer of property in unascertained goods.
32) Effect of perishing of goods.
33) An unpaid seller’s right of lien.
34) C.I. F. contract
35) Auction sale
36) Pledge
37) Continuing Guarantee
38) Rights of the indemnity-holder.
39) Substituted agent
40) Discharge of surety by conduct of the creditor
41) Essential features of Bailment.
42) Registration of firms.
43) Expulsion of partner.
44) Admission of minor as a partner.
45) Goods in a contract of sale of goods.
46) Transfer of property in unascertained goods.
47) Implied warranties in a sale
48) Buyer’s remedies against seller.
49) Auction sale.
604 LAW OF TORTS AND CONSUMER PORTECTION ACT

1. “Tort is a civil wrong, remedy for which is unliquidated damages and

which is different from contract and crime “. Discuss *
2. Discuss the principles on which liability of tort is based.
3. What is nuisance? Distinguish between private and public nuisance.
4. What do you mean by false imprisonment? Distinguish between false
imprisonment and malicious prosecution.
5. Discuss the extra- judicial remedies available in tort.
6. Critically examine various defenses available against an action for defamation.
7. Discuss the doctrine of strict and absolute liability and approach of the judiciary
with reference to leading cases.
8. What are the essential ingredients of deceit? Distinguish between deceit and
fraud.
9. Explain the procedure before district Consumer Forum on admission of a
complaint.
10. Explain the commission and jurisdiction of consumer disputes redressal agencies
under the consumer Protection Act, 1986.
11. Tort is a civil wrong and is different from crime. Do you agree with the
statement? Give reasons.
12. Doctrine of strict liability evolved by Justice Blackburn appears to be unsuitable
in today’s modern circumstances. Explain.
13. Rule laid down in Donoughe V. Stevenson stands firmer even in present
circumstance. Analyse the statement.
14. Explain damages as one of the form of remedies available in Tort. What are its
kinds and how they are to be measured? Explain.
15. Define nuisance. What is a difference between public and private nuisance?
16. What do you understand as vicarious liability of state for the torts of its
employees, acting in the course of their employment?
17. “Legal damage is neither identical with actual damage nor is it necessarily
pecuniary” In the light of this statement explain in detail nature and scope of
law of torts in India.
18. What do you mean by trespass? Discuss the remedies and defences against it.
19. What do you mean by vicarious liability? Examine the circumstances under
which a master will be liable to third party for tort committed by it’s servant.
20. Discuss the modes by which the right of action for tort may be discharged.
21. What so you mean by defamation? What are the types of defamation? Explain
in detail the ingredients of defamation and defences available in such an action.
22. “Malicious prosecution is Malicious institution against another of unsuccessful
criminal, bankruptcy proceedings, without reasonable or probable or probable
cause.” Elucidate.
23. Critically examine justification of Tort.
24. Define and distinguish between Assault and battery.
25. “Application of exception to Rylands V. Fletcher is inapplicable in India The
Supreme Court of India”. In the light of this statement discuss the evolution of
strict liability and it’s importance in India with the recent case laws.
26. Define nuisance. What are the types of nuisance? Also explain various defences
available in such an action.
27. Define nuisance. What are the types of nuisance? Also explain various defences
available in such an action.
28. What are the elements of Tort? Describe them and state a difference between it
and contract.
29. What is meant as contributory negligence? What are its ingredients and how it
was developed? Write your answer with the help of cases.
30. Rule of strict liability laid down by J. Blackburn has been discarded in India. Do
you agree? Give reasons and discuss.
31. The wrong of Defamation may be committed either by way of writing or by way
of speech. Explain the liability for defamation.
32. What are the Judicial remedies available to a person for a wrong caused to him?
Which remedy do you think is a proper one? Give reasons.
33. When a person may be held liable in respect of wrongful acts or omissions of an
other? Explain.
34. “Nuisance has been defined to be anything to the hurt or annoyance of the
lands, tenements or hereditaments of another, and not amounting to trespass”
Comment and discuss.
35. What do you understand as fraud? Is there any difference between it and
misrepresentation? Explain
36. “There many acts though harmful are not wrongful and give no right of action
in tort”. Explain fully.
37. “All persons are liable to be sued in tort is a general rule but there are certain
persons who cannot be sued in tort owing to personal disability” Discuss.
38. Discuss the nature of vicious liability when a master is liable for the acts of the
servant?
39. “In absence of a legal duty to take care, the negligence has no legal
consequences” Explain
40. Explain the rules of strict liability referring to relevant leading cases.
41. Discuss the tort of conversion and state the defences available against it.
42. Explain the general principles laid down in any two of the following cases. – a)
Cassidy Vs Daily Mirror Newspapers b) Allen Vs flood c) Gaya Prasad Tewari Vs
Bhagat Singh d) Davies Vs Mann
43. Who is a complainant? Discuss the procedure on receipt of complaint under see
13 of the Act.
44. Explain the following with reference to consumer protection Act, 1986 a)
Consumer b) Constitution of the state, council c) Complaint d) Procedure of the
central council
45. Discuss the general defenses available in an action of tort.
46. What is vicarious liability? Explain the liability of master for the tort committed
by the servant.
47. “As a general rule every person can sue and can be sued in tort. However,
certain persons suffer from disability to sue and certain others enjoy immunities
and hence cannot be used” Comment.
48. Distinguish between libel and slander. When is slander actionable per se?
49. What is trespass? State and explain defenses available in an action of trespass.
50. Define negligence. Discuss the various defenses available in an action for
negligence
51. Distinguish between private and public nuisance and explain the remedies
available in case of nuisance.
52. Discuss the new dimension given by the judiciary to the definition of ‘Service’
under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986
53. Explain the composition and jurisdiction of various consumer disputes redressal
agencies under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
54. What are the essential ingredients, which constitute tort or civil injury? Discuss
the nature of tort.
55. An injunction and specific restitution of property are also the remedies available
for Tort. Discuss the remedies with the help of appropriate Indian case law.
56. What are the contributory factors, which constitute libel as an instance of
defamation? Explain
57. Trespass to land is an unwarrantable entry upon the land of another, or any
direct and immediate act of interference with the possession of land. Comment
58. Negligence is the breach of duty caused by the omission to do something, which
a reasonable man, would do, or doing something which a prudent and
reasonable man would not do. Analyse
59. Private nuisance is an act affecting some particular individual or individuals as
distinguished from the public at large. Comment.
60. What do you understand as fraud? What are the necessary constituents of it?
Discuss.
61. “There are certain persons and authorities who cannot be sued for an action in
tort” Elucidate.
62. What is defamation? What are the types of defamation? Explain various
defenses available against an action of defamation.
63. Explain in detail various essential ingredients of the tort of deceit along with
various defenses available in such an action.
64. Explain the principle of vicarious liability. How does it operate in India?
65. Define malicious prosecution. Distinguish it from false imprisonment. Also
explain various justification available in such an action.
66. “In absence of a legal duty to take care, the negligence has no legal
consequences”
67. Discuss in detail various legal remedies provided under the law of tort.
68. Explain in detail the principle laid down in of the cases : a) M.C. Mehta V. Union
of India b) State of Rajasthan V. Vidyawati c) Chasemore V. Richards d) Union
carbide corporation V. Union of India.
69. “In India Law of Tort is not a statutory Law and hence is guided by principles of
justice, equity and good conscience” Discuss the nature of tort in the light of this
statement.
70. What are the personal disabilities to sue in tort? Explain
71. Explain the principle of vicarious liability in tort. How it operates in India.
72. What do you understand as remedies? What are extra-Judicial remedies?
Explain.
73. What is a liability of a person for assault and battery? Are there any exceptions
to it? Explain.
74. What constitutes false imprisonment? Describe the nature of liability for it.
75. What is a difference between libel and slander? Does liability differs in both
these instances? Discuss.
76. “Malicious prosecution is malicious institution against another of unsuccessful
criminal, or bankruptcy, or liquidation proceedings, without reasonable or
probable cause” Discuss.
77. define the term tort and distinguish it from the breach of contract and crime.
78. The general rule is that all persons are competent to sue. Is there any exception
to this general rule?
79. What is an act of the state? How is it, a defence in an action in tort? Support,
with decided cases.
 80. What do you understand by ‘legal remedy’? Point out the diference between
judicial and extra judicial remedy.

Consumer Protection Act

1. Elaborate in detail the definition of consumer. Also support, with cases.

2. What is complaint? Explain the procedure for filing complaint.
3. composition and redressal agencies under the Consumer Protection Act.
4. Enforcement of orders of the redressal agencies.
5. Discuss critically the provisions relating to the procedure for disposal of cases
by the District Consumer Forum.
Short Notes:

1) Slander and libel

2) Fraud and misrepresentation
3) Malicious prosecution *
4) District consumer forum
5) State commission *
6) National commission
7) District Consumer Forum *
8) State Consumer Commission *
9) National Consumer Commission *
10) Volenti-non-fit injuria
11) Distress-damage-feasants *
12) Res-ipea-loquitor *
13) National Consumer forum *
14) Enforcement of orders by consumer redressal forum
15) Administrative control over redressal agencies*
16) Fraud or deceit
17) Trespass to immovable property
18) False imprisonment
19) General elements in torts
20) Donogue V. Stevenson. *
21) Composition Jurisdiction and Procedure of District Consumer Forum
22) Composition and Jurisdiction of National Commission
23) State consumer forum
24) Donough V. Stevenson
25) Ashby V. White
 606 Banking and Insurance Laws

1) State and explain provisions relating to collection and furnishing of credit information
under the RBI Act?
2) Explain legal regulation of paid-up capital, subscribed capital, authorized capital, and
voting rights of shareholders of a banking company.
3) State and explain restrictions of opening of new, and transfer of existing, places of
business by banking companies.
4) What are central Banking functions under the RBI Act? Explain
5) Explain powers of the RBI * *
6) Discuss winding up of banks under the Banking Regulation Act.
7) Discuss cases under which acquisition of the Undertakings of Banking Companies is
Statutorily provided.
8) Write notes under the Banking Regulation Act a) Restrictions on loans and advances
b) Prohibition of trading c) Offences d) Penalties.
9) What is meant by ‘protest’? What is meant by ‘Protest for better security’ ? State and
explain contents of protest, and provisions regarding protest.
10) State and explain provisions relating to non-banking institutions, under the RBI Act
11) State and explain penalties under the RBI Act
12) State and explain restrictions on nature of subsidiary companies of banking
companies
13) State and explain loans and advances to be made by banking companies.
14) What are statutory provisions relating to winding up of banks under the Banking
Regulation Act? Explain.
15) Explain role of the RBI
16) Distinguish between discharge of an instrument and discharge of a party.
17) State and explain provisions relating to collection and furnishing of credit information
under the RBI Act.

18) Elaborate various Controls over Management elaborated in the BankingRegulation Act,
1949.

19) What are the various General principles of law of Insurance?

 20) Discuss in detail Bank Nationalization and Social Control over Banking.
21) What are the various Central Banking functions of Reserve Bank of India?
22) Discuss provisions relating to constitution of the Insurance Regulatory andDevelopment
Authority.

23) Discuss right to appeal under the Securitization and Reconstruction of FinancialAssets and
Enforcement of Security Interests Act, 2002.

24) Explain various provisions of application of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949to Co-Operative
Banks.
25) Discuss the provisions relating to intermediaries under the Insurance Act,1938.
26) Short Notes –
1) Inspection under the RBI Act *
2) Management of RBI *
3) Appointment of special auditors by Government *
4) Protection of action taken under the RBI Act
5) Relation of RBI with the Central Government. *
6) Scheduled Banks under the RBI Act. * *
7) Audit under the Banking Regulation Act
8) Penalties under the Banking Regulation Act * *
9) Prohibition of trading under the Banking Regulation Act
10) Restrictions on loans and advances
11) Currency notes under the RBI Act
12) Foreign exchange transactions under the RBI Act
13) The Central Government’s relation with RBI
14) Managing RBI *
15) Action taken in good faith, under the RBI Act
16) Scheduled Banks
17) Licensing of banking companies *
18) Power of RBI over a banking company *
19) Audit under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 *
20) Maintenance of percentage of assets by a banking
company * *
21) Inspection under the RBI Act
22) Power to issue Search warrants under the RBI Act *
23) Cognizance of offences under the RBI Act *
24) Business which RBI may or may not transact
25) Obligations of RBI
26) Rights of RBI
27) Scheduled Banks under the RBI Act
28) National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operation) Fund *
29) Prohibition of acceptance of deposits by unincorporated bodies.
30) Reserve Fund
31) Forms of business of banking companies.
32) RBI management. *
33) Contribution by the Central Government to the RBI
34) National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operation) Fund
35) Returns under the RBI Act
36) Forms of business of banking companies.
37) Disposal of non-banking assets
38) Change of name by Banking Company.
39) Transactions in foreign exchange under the RBI Act
40) Cash reserve
41) Restrictions on dividends
42) Preferential payments to the depositors

43) Public liability insurance

44) Licensing of insurance agents under the Insurance Act, 1938

45) Nomination by policy holder under the Insurance Act, 1938.

46) Marine insurance.

 702 Property Law Including Transfer of Property Act & Easement Act.

1) What is a rule against perpetuity? Explain the exceptions, if any, to the

rule against perpetuity.
2) When a person is said to have notice of a fact?
3) State and explain the rights and liabilities of the lessor and lessee.
4) What is exchange? How is it affected? How is it different from partition?
5) Explain the doctrine of part performance with the help of relevant maxims
of equity.
6) Discuss the rights and liabilities of mortgagor and Mortgagee.
7) Explain “Gift”. Can gift be revoked. *
8) What is a charge? How is it created?
9) Explain in brief the modes acquisition of easement.
10) What are the essential of a right of easement? In what way does it differ
from a licence?

11) Discuss the provisions of the Transfer of the property Act, 1882

relating to the transfer for the benefit of unborn person.

12) Discuss the principles underlying the doctrine of “Lis-Pendens”

13) Explain the rule against – perpetuity. What are the exceptions
to this rule?

14) What are the consequence of transfer by a co-owner of his

share in immovable property? Explain the rule of priority.

15) What are the liabilities of the seller before and after sale.
16) What is mortgage? What ingredients are essential to create a
mortgage. Discuss mortgage by conditional sale.

17) What is an “exchange”? Distinguish it form sale.

18) What is an easement? In how many ways can it be acquired?
19) What are the essentials of a valid transfer of property as per
Sec. 5 of the T. P. Act 1882?

20) Explain the Rule against Perpetuity.

21) Explain with suitable examples, doctrine of Election.
22) Discuss the doctrine of Lis-Pendens.
23) What are the essentials of a Mortgage? Enumerate different
types of Mortgages.

24) Explain the Rights and Liabilities of the Lessee.

25) What is Exchange? How does it differ from a Sale and a
Partition.

26) Define a Gift. State the main provisions governing the

transaction of a gift.

27) Explain the right of Easement. How can it be acquired and by

whom?
28) Explain the doctrine of Notice. Distinguish between actual
notice and constructive notice.

29) Discuss the Rule against Perpetuity.

30) Explain the essential elements of a valid sale of immovable
property.

31) Discuss the doctrine of part-performance.

32) What is the right of Redemption? Explain the doctrine of clog on
the Equity of redemption.

33) Explain the doctrine of Election.

34) What are the essential elements of a valid lease? How does it
differ from a licence.

35) What is a Charge? How does it differ from a Mortgage?

36) What are the essentials of a right of easement? In what way
does it differ from a licence?

37) Explain the different modes of extinction of easement.

38) What is “transfer” as per Transfer of Property A ct? State what
is the effect of transfer/

39) What is vested interest? Distinguish between vested interest

and contingent interest.

40) What are the exceptions to the general rule that property of
any kind may be transfered?

41) Explain the doctrine of “Acceleration” Distinguish between

condition precedent and condition subsequent.

42) Define “Sale” Distinguish between sale and agreement to sell.

43) What are the rights of the seller before and after sale?
44) Write a detail note on essential elements of a Gift?
45) Discuss the Rights and Liabilities of Mortgagor and Mortgagee.
46) Define Easement? Discuss the Law relating to the extinction of
easement.

47) “Property of any kind may be transferred” Discuss in the light of

provisions u/s 6 of the T. P. Act 1882.

48) What is vested interest? How does it differ from a contingent

interest?

49) Explain the Rule of Priority as envisaged u/s 48 of the T. P. Act

1882. Enumerate the exceptions to the rule.

50) What are the essential elements of valid sale? How is it

effected?

51) Explain the essential of a valid Mortgage. What remedies are

available to a Mortgage in a simple and a user fructuary
 Mortgage?

52) What are the essentials of a valid lease? What are the Rights &
Liabilities of a Lessor?

53) What is a charge? How is it created?

54) Discuss the essentials of a valid gift. Is it irrevocable?
55) What is an Easement? What are the various types of
Easements?

56) What property cannot be transferred as per the provisions of

Sec. 6 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882?

57) Explain the law relating to the transfer of property for the
benefit of unborn persons.

58) Explain the doctrine of Election.

59) Explain the doctrine of Part-performance with the help of
relevant maxims of Equity.

60) Enlist the essential of a valid sale of immovable property.

Distinguish between a sale and an agreement to sell.

61) Define Mortgage. What are the various kinds of mortgages?

62) Explain the rights and liabilities of a lessor and of a lessor’s
transferee.

63) What is exchange? How is it effected? How is it different from a

partition?

64) What are the essential features of a right of easement? How is

it different from a licence?

65) Discuss the contribution of intellectual property to the economic

and cultural development of a country and explain the

International character of intellectual property.

66) Explain the various intellectual property rights and the various
legislations covering it.

67) Discuss the nature and object of copyright. Explain the classes
of works in which copyright subsists. Explain the provisions

regarding infringement of copyright and remedies against it.

68) Discuss the provisions regarding procedure of registration of

designs under the Designs Act 1911.

69) Discuss the concept of Passing off and distinguish between

infringement and passing off.

70) What constitutes a good trade mark? Which trade marks cannot
 be registered? Explain.

71) What is a patent? How it is obtained? What are patentable

inventions under the Patent Act 1970?

72) Discuss in detail the provisions of infringement of patents under

the Patent Act 1970.

73) Define actionable claim. How are actionable claims transferred?

Short Notes

1) Election *
2) Tacking * *
3) Foreclosure
4) Transfer by ostensible owner.
5) Vested interest.
6) Spec Succession* *
7) Charge *
8) Part performance *
9) Constructive notice *
10) Onerous gift *
11) Vested Interest
12) Kinds of Easement *
13) Suspension and Revival of Easement
14) Revocation of Licence
15) Easement by necessity * *
16) Customary Easement
17) Licence
18) Extinction of Easement.
19) Apportionment
20) Lis Pendens *
21) Exchange *
22) Onerous gifts
23) Userfractuary mortgage
24) Actionable claim *
25) Quasi easement
26) Revival of Easement.
27) Notice
28) Constructive or implied notice.
29) Vested interest.
30) Transfer by an ostensible owner.
31) Foreclosure
32) Onerous gift
33) Actionable claim
34) Holding over
35) Lessee
704 Professional Ethics, Accountancy For Lawyers And Bar-Bench Relations

1. What are the duties of an Advocate towards his colleagues and towards court?
2. Describes the procedure under the Advocates Act, 1961 regarding disciplinary action
against an Advocate in case of professional misconduct?
3. Discuss the role played by the Bar and Bench in the administration of justice.
4. What is contempt of court? Discuss the grounds for contempt of court.
5. Define “Bar Council of India”. Explain the functions of “Bar Council of India”.
6. Define contempt of Court. Distinguish between Civil and Criminal contempt.
7. Explain the Concept of Contempt of Court. Discuss briefly the Contempt in relation to
Advocates.
8. “Only in rarest of rarest case the advocates can go on strike” Comment with help of Case
laws.
9. When is a person disqualified for enrollment as an Advocate? What are the punishments
for misconduct under the Act?
10. Describe the procedure provided under the Advocates Act, 1961 ‘ when an advocate has
been guilty of professional misconduct or other misconduct?
11. What are the duties of an advocate towards his colleagues and towards opponents?
12. Discuss the constitutional validity of the contempt of Court Act.
13. Can advocates go on strike? Comment with the help of case law.
14. What the duties of an advocate towards his client?
15. Discuss the importance of Bar Bench relation and the administration of justice.
16. State the origin and development of Contempt Law. Explain the essential of Civil
Contempt.
17. What is meant by professional misconduct? What are the duties of Advocate towards his
client?
18. Describe the procedure under the Advocates Act, 1960,regarding disciplinary action
against Advocates in case of professional misconduct?

19. Explain the Constitutional Provisions relating to Contempt of Court. Whether Contempt
petition dismissed in default can be restored.
20. Discuss briefly the duties an Advocate towards clients, public Court.
21. Why is Advertising strictly prohibited in the legal professions?
22. Who is an advocate? Who may be admitted as advocates on a State roll? Can the State
Bar Council refuse to enroll person with LL.B degree as an Advocate?
23. Define ‘Contempt’ When is an Advocate guilty of contempt of Court. Give examples.
24. ‘Only willful disobedience of Court orders to wood amount to contempt’. Discuss Will
breach of an undertaking given to the Court amount to contempt.

Write short note

1. Duty of the advocate towards client
2. Remedies to the advocates against order of punishment
3. Functions of Bar Council of India
4. Powers of State Bar Council
5. Contempt of Court of Judges
6. Advocates right to strike
7. Remedies against the order of punishment for professional
misconduct.
8. Rules regarding enrolment as an Advocate.
9. Advocates rights of Lien.
10. Punishment of advocates for misconduct
11. Penalty for persons illegally practicing in courts.
12. Disciplinary committees.
13. Disqualification for enrolment.
14. Power to remove names from roll.
15. Rights of Advocates.
16. Client’s money in the profession of advocate.
17. Advocate’s fee.
18. Senior advocate and other advocates
19. Rules regarding enrolment as an Advocate.
20. Duty of Advocate towards court.
21. Contempt of Court by Advocate.
22. Powers of State Bar of Council
23. Duties of Advocates towards opponent
24. Staff of Bar Council
25. State Bar Council
26. Appeal to Bar Council Of India.
27. Advertising in legal profession.
 706 Investment And Securities Laws

1) Explain: Spot delivery contracts, Future contracts, options and

derivatives.
2) The application filed by M/S Suvarna Gold Ornaments Ltd. For listing its
shares has been rejected by the Mumbai Stock Exchange. Advise the
company regarding the steps it can take against such rejection. Explain
the compliances under S.73 of the Companies Act.
3) What do you understand by the term Primary market and Secondary
market?
4) Under what circumstances can SEBI take penal action against a broker for
defaults under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act?
5) What is depository? Why was it introduced? Can an investor hold shares in
physical form as well as in dematerialized form? Explain its advantages to
the investor.
6) Explain the procedure of Adjudication by SEBI under the SEBI Act.
7) Explain the composition, Jurisdiction and powers of Securities Appellate
Tribunal
8) Write historical evolution of security laws in UK and Germany
9) Write about pre independence and post independence Indian perspectives
in the field of historical evolution of security laws.
10) Why security legislation is necessary? How security legislation
protects investors?
11) Write about the law relating to investment in Mutual Funds by
Foreign Financial Institutions and Financial Institutions
12) How SEBI Tribunal Depositories Act and Rating Agencies protect
investors?
13) Write about the law relating to Options, Spot delivery Contract and
Future contract.
14) What is Primary Market? What is Secondary Market? Write about
their respective schemes and players?
15) What was the need for Securities legislation and investor
protection? How far has SEBI succeeded in its objects of investor
protection?
16) What is a Debt Instruments? What are the statutory provisions
under the SEBI Act for the issue of Debt Instruments?
17) Enumerate the benefits of ‘listing’ on the stock exchange to the
investing public How does the stock exchange regulate the listing of
shares?
18) What is the mechanism for taking action against a stock exchange
under the Securities Contract Regulation Act 1957?
19) Explain the concept of ‘mutual funds’ How are investments made in
mutual funds? What are the guidelines of SEBI in this matter?
20) Who is a lead manager? What are their functions under the SEBI
guidelines?
21) Define ‘prospectus’ and explain the circumstances when a
prospectus is not required to be issued. State the shelf-life of a
prospectus.
22) Define ‘debenture’ and discuss the remedies available to the
debenture holders for realization of their security? What is meant by
D.R.R.?
23) Define ‘Share Capital’ and discuss the various types of share which
a company can issue.
24) Discuss the procedure for issue of shares in the primary market and
explain the pre and post exercise to be conducted by the Company at the
time of initial public offering.
25) What are Ownership Instruments? Elucidate all types of Ownership
Instruments that a company can issue.
26) Explain the terms: a) National Depository system’ b) Clearing c)
Clearing house.
27) Satara stock exchange seeks recognition. Who has the power to
recognize the stock exchange? What information will have to be supplied
with the application form?
28) What is a depository? What are its advantages to the Investor? How
does the company send notices to the members regarding AGM? Can a
company issue share in physical as well as dematerialized form?
29) Briefly explain the guidelines issued by SEBI regarding making a
public offer of shares to be listed on the Over The Counter Exchange of
India.
30) What are the major and penalties that can be imposed by SEBI on
an intermediary?
31) What are the disclosure requirements under SEBI guidelines? Why
are they made mandatory?
32) Discuss the experience of securities laws in USA & UK
33) Explain in detail: a) Buyer’s market and Seller’s Market b) Bull
Market and Bear Market.
34) What do you understand by the term ‘ recognized stock exchange’?
Discuss the legal status of a stock exchange. How does a stock exchange
loose its recognition?
35) What is Depository? Why was it introduced? Is it dompulsory for
every investor to hold shares in dematerialized from? Can a beneficial
owner opt out of a depository?
36) How is a stockbroker penalized for defaults by the SEBI under the
SEBI Act?
37) Discuss the law relating to the brokers in the secondary market and
law of over the counter exchange of India.
38) State briefly the compliances that a company needs to make for
making an initial public offer of equity shares.
39) Define and explain the term securities under the Securities Contract
Regulation Act. Can government securities be traded on the stock
exchange?
40) Discuss the law relating to Non- Banking Financial Companies.
41) Enumerate the law applicable to the underwriters, brokers to an
issue, managers to the issue, bankers to the issue and registrar to the
issue.
42) State and explain law regulating inter-corporate loans and
investments.

43) Short Notes:

1) Disclosures in a prospectus *
2) Appeal to Supreme Court
3) Investor education *
4) Book building *
5) Delisting *
6) Ownership instruments
7) Debt instruments
8) Norms of disclosure the Stock Exchange Act
9) Derecognition of a Stock exchange
10) Derivatives
11) Spot delivery contract
12) Demat shares.
13) Bankers to the Issue
14) Sensex
15) Adjudication under the SEBI Act.
16) Option in securities
17) SEBI Tribunal
18) Deemed prospectus
19) Chit funds
20) Debt instruments
21) Inter corporate investment
22) Speculation
23) International perspective of historical evolution of
security laws

24) Underwriting commission and brokerage

25) Classification of securities
 708 Co-operative Law

1) Discuss historical perspective of Co-operative legislation.

2) Explain the concept and theories of Co-operation. What are the hurdles
and problems in the development of co-operative movement in India.
3) What is the procedure for registration of a Society? What are the effects of
registration of Society?
4) Who can be admitted as a member of a Society? What are the rights and
duties of the various kinds of members of a Society?
5) State the provisions of the M.C. S. Act 1960 relating to powers of
liquidator.
6) Discuss the power of Registrar to grant a certificate to certain Societies for
the recovery of amount due to such Society.
7) What are the duties and privileges of Society? *
8) State briefly provisions regarding management of the Societies under the
M.C.S. Act 1960
9) Discuss the provisions regarding appeal review and revision under M.C.S.
Act 1960
10) Discuss the jurisdiction of Co-operative Court with leading cases.
11) Trace the history and growth of Co-operative registration in India.
12) Discuss in detail the report of A.D. Gorwala Committee on All India
Rural Credit.
13) Define bye laws of society. How byelaws can be amended?
14) Discuss the jurisdiction of Co-operative court to try and decide Co-
operative disputes
15) Discuss the procedure and effects of the voluntary amalgamation,
transfer, division or conversion of societies
16) What are the kinds of members? Discuss the rights and duties of a
member of society
17) Discuss the powers of Registrar to grant a certificate to certain
societies for the recovery of arrears (S.101)
18) ‘Final authority of every society shall rest in the General Body of
Members in General Meeting’ Discuss
19) Critically evaluate the co-operative movement in India
20) Explain merits & de-merits of co-operative legislations in India
21) State briefly provisions regarding management of Society under
M.C.S. Act & rules
22) Which Societies may be registered? Explain conditions of
registration & procedure for registration.
23) Enumerate the grounds of winding up of societies. How the surplus
assets are disposed off after termination of liquidation proceedings?
24) Discuss provisions of Audit, Inquiry Inspection & Supervision of
society under M.C.S. Act
25) What are the provisions for appeal, Review & Revision under M.C.
S. Act
26) What is the prior claim of Society? Discuss the process for realizing
due amount under M.C.S. Act and rules
27) Write a brief note on provisions for ownership flat purchase
agreement.
Describe in detail the contents of byelaws of apartments.
28) What are the provisions regarding common area and facilities under
Maharashtra Apartment Ownership Act?
29) Discuss the general liabilities of flat-taker under Ownership of Flat
Act
30) Discuss the history and growth of co-operative movement in India
through Five year plans.
31) ‘Co-operative legislation in India has its own history’ Discuss
32) What are the conditions of registration of society? Discuss in detail
the effects of registration of society.
33) Who can become the member of society? Discuss the grounds and
procedure of expulsion of a member of society.
34) What disputes can be referred to co-operative court?
35) How committee of society can be constituted? What are the
grounds of disqualification for membership of committee of a society.
36) Explain in brief the offences, and penalties thereon, under the
Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act 1960
37) What are the powers of liquidator of a society? What are the
contents of report of liquidator?
38) Write notes on under the Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963
a) Object and application of the Act b) General liabilities of Flat – taker c)
Liability of promoter while advertising flats.
39) What are the contents of deed of declaration under the Maharashtra
Apartment Ownership Act 1970 *
40) Define Co-operation. State and explain the fundamental principles
of Co-operation.
41) Discuss the roles of Five Year plans in the development of Co-
operative movement.
42) Discuss and critically assess the power of Registrar to direct
amalgamation division or re-organization of societies.
43) Discuss the provisions under M.C.S. Act, 1960 regarding appeal,
review and revision.
44) State the provisions of M.C.S. Act 1960 relating to ‘property and
funds of societies’
45) State briefly the provisions regarding management of the societies
under the M.C.S. Act 1960
46) When can a member of a society be liable for expulsion from
society? What is the effect of such expulsion?
47) Which disputes are required to be filed in the Co-operative court
according to S.91 of the M.C.S. Act 1960?
48) Discuss the history and growth of Co-operative movement in India
through Five Yearly Plans
49) Discuss the role played by co-operative legislation in promoting co-
operative movement in India.
50) Discuss the powers of Registrar for Winding up Society. Explain with
case-law
51) Enumerate the procedure of registration of society? What are the
conditions necessary to comply before registration.
52) The final authority of every society shall vest in the body of
members in General Meeting Comment.
53) Explain the procedure of amendment of Bye-laws of a society under
Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act 1960
54) Enumerate the provisions under Maharashtra Co-operative Societies
Act 1960, for settlement of disputes.
55) Explain the liabilities of the promoter under Ownership Flats Act
1963
56) Define Flat and Apartment Enumerate liabilities of Flat – taker.
57) Discuss the provisions regarding Common areas and facilities under
the Maharashtra Apartment ownership Act
58) State and explain in detail the fundamental principles of co-
operation
59) Trace in brief the history, growth and development of co-operative
movement in India before independence
60) What are the powers and duties of Registrar of societies?
61) Define bye-laws of society. How bye-laws can be amended?
62) Discuss in brief the provisions of the Maharashtra co-operative
Societies Act 1960 relating to management of societies.
63) Enumerate offences and penalties thereon, relating to the election
of societies specified under section 73 G of the MCS Act 1960
64) Discuss the jurisdiction of co-operative court to try and decide co-
operative disputes.
65) What are the grounds of winding up of societies? How the interim
order of winding up becomes final?
66) Define ‘flat’ and ‘Promoter’ and explain the liabilities of flat-take
under the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act 1963
67) State and explain the rights, duties and liabilities of the apartment
owner under the Maharashtra Apartment Ownership Act 1970
68) “cooperation has good points of capitalistic as well as socialistic
forms of organization and acts as a balancing factor among these
economic systems.”Discuss.
69) state and explain the rights and privileges of society.
70) What do you mean by the specified societies? What is the
procedure for adjuducation of the disputes relating to the elections of
specified societies?
71) Discuss the provisions under the Maharashtra Co-op Societies Act,
1960 regarding the annual general meeting and special general meeting.
72) Discuss the general liabilities of the promoter under the
Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963.

73) Short Notes:

1) Co-operative Bank
2) Object of the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act 1963
3) Agricultural Marketing Society
4) Rights of the Apartments Owner *
5) Consumer Society
6) Special liabilities of the Promoter
7) Enquiry of Registrar
8) Contempt of co-operative and appellate court
9) D.M. Co-operative Bank V/s Palichand.
10) Kinds of Housing Societies *
11) Audit of liquidated society
12) Definition of Flat and apartment
13) Contents of the deeds of Declaration
14) General Liabilities of promoters under the ownership
Flat Act 1960

15) Object and applicability of the Apartment ownership

Act 1960

16) Cancellation of registration *

17) First general meeting
18) Notice to Co-operative societies
19) Land development bank
20) Rule of dam-duppat
21) Rights of apartment – owner
22) Annual General Meeting *
23) Parties in Co-operative disputes
24) Contempt of co-operative Appellate Court.
25) Reversionary powers of State Government and
Registrar

26) Prior claim of the society

27) Co-operative Bank
28) Special General Meeting
29) Prior claim of society
30) Reserve fund of society
31) Audit of society
32) Bar of Jurisdiction of Court
33) Classification of societies
34) Expulsion of Member
35) Depute relating to elections of Societies u/s 73-G
36) Privileges of society
37) Bar of Jurisdiction of Courts *
38) Karven’gar S.G.R. Sanstha Vs. State
39) Duties regarding advertising flats
40) Duties of Promoter regarding formation of Housing
Societies.

41) Contents of Declaration

42) De-registration of Society
43) Kinds of members
44) Society of body corporate
45) Inquiry by Registrar
46) Appeal against rejection of nomination paper at
election.
 801 LABOUR AND INDUSTRIAL LAWS

1) What are the various authorities under the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 for the settlement of
Industrial Dispute?
2) Define employer and discuss the provisions relating to voluntary reference of disputes to
arbitration under the Industrial Dispute Act.
3) State the circumstances when Strikes and Lockouts are prohibited in public utility. Can a
lockout be declared in consequences of an illegal strike?
4) Examine the powers and jurisdiction of the Labour Court under the Industrial Dispute Act,
1947.
5) Explain the provisions under the Factories Act, 1948 regarding-

A) Definition of Factory. B) Certifying Surgeon.

C) Welfare Officer. D) Working hours of Adults.

5) Explain the provisions about the Safety of workers under the Factories Act, 1948.
6) Define the term Employer and state the provisions relating to the contribution under the
Employees state Insurance Act, 1948.
7) State and explain the various benefits available under the E.S.I. Act, 1948. Can an injured
person claim sickness benefit and disablement benefit for temporary disablement
simultaneously under the E.S.I., Act?
8) State the provisions relating to time of payment of wages and mode of payment of wages
under the payment of wages Act, 1936.
9) What is the object for fixing minimum wages? Describe the procedure of hearing claims
relating to disputes in respect of payment of minimum rates of wages.
10) What is employer’s liability for compensation under the workmen’s Compensation Act,
1923?
11) What is Contracting Out? What are the defenses available to the employer for non-payment
of compensation?
12) Define Industrial Dispute and explain the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act regarding
reference of disputes to certain authorities.
13) Discuss the circumstances when strikes and lockouts are prohibited in public utility service.
Can a lockout be declared in consequences of an illegal strike?
14) Discuss the provisions of the Industrial Dispute Act regarding lay-off and retrenchment of
workmen.
15) What are the restrictions under the Industrial Dispute Act on the employers of different
undertakings regarding closing down the undertaking?
16) Define Factory and enumerate the provisions of factories Act regarding health and welfare
of workers. Describe the special provisions for workers.
17) Write notes:
a) Employment of young persons
b) Manufacturing process
c) National extension of employers premises
d) Procedure and power of Commissioner to decide claims of compensation.
e) Medical benefit council
f) Employees state Insurance Fund.
g) Wages
h) Penalties for offences under payment of wages Act.
18) Describe the provisions of the workmen’s Compensation Act regarding payment of
compensation to injured workmen. How is the amount of compensation determined?
19) Explain the term Industrial Dispute under the Industrial Disputes Act. When does the
dispute of an individual worker become an industrial disputes.
20) What is retrenchment? Discuss fully the conditions precedent to retrenchment of workmen
as provided by the Industrial dispute Act.
21) State the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act regarding Strike and Lockout. What are
the provisions regarding strike and Lockout in public utility services.
22) Discuss the provisions of Factories Act, 1948 regarding the appointment and powers of the
following authorities:
a) Certified surgeon
b) Inspectors
23) Discuss the powers of the Commissioner under the workmen’s compensation Act.
24) What is the employer s liability to pay compensation to an injured workman under the
Workmen Compensation Act?
25) Discuss the object and purpose of the payment of Wages Act. Enumerate the various
authorities deductions under the said Act.
26) Critically examine provisions relating to claims under the Minimum Wages Act 1948.
27) Examine the provisions about adjudication of disputes and claims under the Employees State
Insurance Act 1948.
28) Discuss the various benefits assured to the insured persons under the Employees State
Insurance Act.
29) Enumerate and analyses the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act relating to Lay-off
retrenchment and closure.
30) Define Strike and lockout. Explain the provisions regarding illegal strike and Lock-out under
the Industrial Dispute Act
31) What is conciliation? Examine the powers and duties of conciliation officer under the
Industrial Dispute Act 1947.
32) The Factories Act 1948 is an Act for Social Welfare. Comment with special reference to
provisions for welfare of workers under the Factories Act.
33) Discuss the provisions relating to Health of Workers under Factories Act.
34) Accident arising out of and in the course of employment is the basis for compensation.
Examine this statement with reference to the Workmen s compensation Act 1923.
35) Explain the following with reference to the Workmen s Compensation Act:
a) National extension of employer s premises.
b) Powers and procedure Commissioner
c) Remedies of workmen when employer becomes insolvent or is unable to pay
compensation.
36) Define Wages as per payment of Wages Act. State the provisions relating to time of payment
of wages. What are the authorized deductions from wages?
37) Explain the provisions relating to fixing and revising minimum rates of wages in scheduled
employments under the Minimum Wages Act. Define the term employer as per the said Act.
38) Describe the constitution, powers and procedure of the E.S.I. court under the Employees
State Insurance Act.
39) What is the Employees State Insurance Fund? What are the provisions regarding the
purposes on which the Fund may be spent? What are the benefits, which an insured
employee is entitled to get under the E.S.I.Act.
 802 Jurisprudence

1) “Jurisprudence is a science of positive law”: Comment and describe

nature, scope and utility of jurisprudence.*
2) Theory of natural law primarily based upon morality or some higher
moral principles. Do you think, this has undergone a change in recent
time.? Explain.
3) Basic aim or object of social engineering theory is to balance
competing and conflicting interests. Comment.
4) “Rights are noting but interests. Which are to be recognized, protected
and enforced by law” Prof. Pound. Discuss the concept along with
Hohfledian analysis.
5) Doctrine of strict liability in tort has been altered due tom modern
circumstances and substituted with absolute liability. Analyze.
6) Bindingness or authoritativeness of decision emanates not from the
whole judgment but only from the ratio decidendi. Describe the nature
of precedent in India.
7) Command and sanction are the two necessary ingredients of an
imperative theory of law. Discuss it and critically analyse.
8) “Key to science of jurisprudence is analysis of first principles of law”
Comment and discuss nature and scope of jurisprudence.
9) Nature law theory has undergone great changes is trends in it’s
evolution from ancient to modern period. Trace the development.
10) “Most essential characteristics of positive law is it’s imperative
character” Compare Austinian and Kelsenian theories on this count.
11) Realism is not a philosophy but an approach to interpret nature of law
– Do you agree? Substantiate your contentions with the help of realist
theory.
12) “Possession is nine points of ownership” – Explain the proposition co-
relating possession with the concept of ownership.
13) As soon as a man dies, he ceases to have legal personality – IS this
proposition true & correct? If yes – why? If no – why not? Analyse.
14) “Strict liability is an exception to conventional mens rea principle”
Explain and suitably illustrate, with reference to Indian case law.
15) Theory of natural law has been transformed with the passage of time
and in recent past leader of contemporary positivism has
acknowledged the same. – Comment.
16) Doctrine of Precedent is a life-blood of every legal system, which is to
be operative along with power of overruling. Explain.
17) Person is any being capable of having rights and duties and Legal
person is a creation of law having all the characteristics of person.
Discuss.
18) Aim and object of doctrine of Liability is not only to safeguard
individual’s interest but to provide social security to all. Discuss the
changing parameters of tortuous liability.
19) Legal rights are noting but defacto claims, which are to be recognized
and protected by the legal system. – Explain.
20) Ownership is a bundle of rights available to person subject to legal
system and nay restrictions or limitations to be imposed by it. –
Critically analyse.
21) Jurisprudence is a study of Law and its functioning in legal systems,
their Judicial, Legislative and administrative apparatuses and provide
knowledge about their effect or impact on each other. Comment and
discuss nature and scope of Jurisprudence.
22) Explain pure theory of law expounded by Kelsen. State its merits and
demerits, and its relevance to Indian legal system.
23) Obligation arises from breach of duties and is to be imposed by law
only. Do you support this proposition? Give reasons and analyse.
24) Legal personality is an artificial and technical creation of law and exists
only in contemplation of law. Explain.
25) “Theory of natural law has witnessed various changes in its growth and
grown with the changing time” Illustrate and state it impact on Indian
legal system.
26) “Administration of Justice system though differs from each legal
systems, however there are certain cardinal principles common to all”
– Analyse the proposition and discuss theories of administration of
criminal justice system.
27) Bindingness or authoritativeness of precedent emanates not form the
whole decision but from its ratio. Elucidate.
28) Concept of property, when it was emerged and went on to develop has
been changed according to circumstances and law also had to undergo
change in tune with it. – Comment.
29) Doctrine of right is a sine-qua-non for every legal system across the
world and no legal system could work or function without it. Do you
agree? Give reasons and analyse the concept.
30) Possession requires right and not only a thing or substance which is to
be possessed.
31) Define the concept and discuss its theories.
32) “Jurisprudence is a science of law analyzing essential principles”.
Elucidate.
33) Natural Law is right reason in agreement with nature made of
universally applicable, unchanging and everlasting principle. Discuss
with illustrations.
34) Law is a social institution aiming to satisfy maximum social wants,
evaluate the statement with reference to Prof. Pound’s theory of Law.
35) Should the quantum of punishment be based on social ideal or on
grievieousness offence? Explain.
36) Illustrate the Indian Perspective of Doctrine of precedent.
37) Compare Rights in narrower sense with Rights in broader sense.
Explain in the light of Hohfeld’s Model of Right.
38) What are incidents of ownership, how can ownership be Co-related to
possession?
39) Legislation is a primary source of law, which has undergone a change
with the emergence of social welfare state. – Discuss.
40) According to Austin Law is a command issued by sovereign to its
subjects in a politically organized society. However, this notion has
been criticized by various jurists. Explain.
41) Administration of criminal justice system did not help to reduce the
crimes in world. Discuss the system and point out which theory of it,
you find as most relevant in India.
42) Hohfeld’s fundamental legal conceptions described by him is an
attempt to classify meaning of every concept and its use. However, it
is not immune from criticism. Explain.
43) What is meant as obligations? What are its kinds? Discuss.
44) Jurisprudence is not only knowledge of law but also is a mode to
understand the context of law in which it is to be used. Comment.
45) Theory of social engineering espoused by Prof. Pound tries to balance
the competing and conflicting interests in a given legal system. How
far it is helpful in India? Explain.
46) Kelsen’s pure theory ceases to be a pure theory of law and is
contaminated by external ingredients like morality. Do you agree? Give
reasons and critically analyse.
47) Legislation is a primary source of law and has advantage over its
remaining sources.
48) Concept of Tortious liability has been transformed with advancement of
science and technology and still needs to be crystalised comment?
49) What is meant as Titles? Explain their nature and character.
50) Ownership constitutes numerous or bundle of rights and gives a
greater control to owner.
51) Define the notion of administration of justice in civil matters.
52) Austin’s theory of law does not serve a purpose for which law is to be
made or enacted in today’s world. Critically analyse.
53) What is meant as law of obligations? What is it utility? Explain.
54) Examine the concept of Rights and discuss Hohfeldian analysis of the
Concept.
55) What do you understand as precedent? Explain the concept.
56) Discuss Henry Maine’s contribution to historical jurisprudence.
57) What is delegated legislation and how is it controlled.
58) Explain the views of Salmond about property and discuss the modes of
acquisition of property.
59) Enumerate, discuss and evaluate the theories of punishment.
60) Explain the circumstances, which destroy or weaken the binding force
of ratio decidendi.
61) Explain the historical theory propounded by Savigny.
62) Critically explain the theory of analytical positivism. What is HLA Hart’s
contribution to this theory?
63) Define custom. Discuss the requisites of valid custom and the kinds of
customs.
64) What is stare decisis? Discuss the power of the Supreme Court under
Art.141 of the Indian Constitution in this regard.
65) Define administration of justice. How will you differentiate between
civil and criminal justice.

Short Notes
1) Corporate personality.
2) Ownership
3) Theories of punishment.
4) Prospective overruling.
5) Hohfeld’s analysis of right.
6) Property. *
7) Title
 8) Custom * *
9) Obligation
10) Titles

11) Status of Idol

12) Strict Liability.

13) Acquisition of possession.
14) Law and Morality.
15) Incorporeal Property.
16) Ratio – decidendi
17) Title
18) Mediate and immediate possession *
19) Law of procedure
20) Obiter dicta
21) Lifting the corporate veil
22) Kinds of legal persons
23) Corporeal and incorporeal possession
24) Vicarious liability
25) Solidary obligations
26) Characteristics of ownership
 803 Law of Evidence

Q1) All facts must be proved. True or False – Explain.

Q2) What is an admission? Explain whose statements are

admissions and the circumstances in which admissions are

relevant.

Q3) What is a presumption? Discuss various presumptions as to

documents.

Q4) Evidence can be given of facts in issue, relevant facts and no

others. Discuss.

Q5) Describe the various modes of proving the handwriting of a

person.

Q6) Evidence given by a witness in an earlier judicial proceeding

can be proved in a subsequent proceeding without calling him

in certain cases. Explain.

Q7) The evidence act prescribes the competency to testify. But it

doesn’t prescribe any number of witnesses for a proof of a fact.

Discuss.

Q8) What is examination-in-chief? What is cross-examination? Can one

defendant cross-examine another co-defendant?

Q9) Explain the relevancy of judgments in any case or proceeding.

Q10) “A witness must be a witness of fact and not of opinion.” Explain the rule
with exception if any.

Q11) Discuss the relevancy of facts showing existence of state of mind of body
or bodily feeling.

Q12) Enumerate, as to which persons are competent to testify as a witness and

the exceptions to them as per sec.118 of the Indian Evidence Act.

Q13) No confession made by an accused to a police officer, can be admitted in

evidence against him is the rule. Explain the exception to this rule if any.
Q14) Contradicting a witness by a previous inconsistent statement of his is a
usual and often effective mode of discrediting to him. Explain.

Q15) Define evidence. Explain different kinds of evidence.

Q16) State the provisions of the Indian Evidence relating to statement made by
persons who cannot be called as witness.

Q17) Explain the provisions of Evidence Act relating to Doctrine of estoppels.

Q18) Define burden of proof. What are the general principles of burden of
proof?

Q19) Any fact is relevant which shows or constitutes a motive or preparation

for any fact in issue or relevant fact. Explain.

Q20) Admission is the species and confession is the sub-species. Evaluate.

Q21) No confession made by an accused person to a police officer can be

admitted in evidence against him, is the rule, explain the exceptions to
the rule, if any.

Q22) Explain as to when bad character becomes relevant and irrelevant as per
the mandate of the Indian Evidence Act.

Q23) A dying declaration is not a deposition in court and it is neither made on

oath nor in the presence of the accused. Explain the validity of it being
admissible as evidence.

Q24) Contradicting a witness by a previous inconsistent statement of his is a

usual and often effective mode of discrediting him. Explain.

Q25) An accomplice shall be competent witness against an accused person and

a conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon the
uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice. Explain.

Q26) Explain the admissibility, competency and credit of a child witness.

Q27) Explain the relevancy of facts showing existence of sate of mind, or of

body or bodily feeling with illustrations.

Q28) Define Admission. Explain the list of persons whose admissions constitute
evidence against a Party.

Q29) Explain the relevancy of Judgments of Courts in any case or proceeding.

Discuss the circumstances, on which value of judgment can be attacked
in a Court.

Q30) “who is an Expect. Explain the subjects on which an expert is Competent

to testify. Assess the value of Expert opinion.
Q31) Discuss Primary Evidence and Secondary Evidence. Enumerate the cases
in which Secondary evidence relating to documents may by given.

Q32) Discuss the law on exclusion of oral by documentary Evidence.

Q33) Define “Burden of Proof” on whom burden of proof lies? Discuss the
Burden of providing that case of accused comes within exceptions with
reference to Burden & Onus.

Q34) “Privileged Communications are of two Kinds, namely, those which are
privileged from disclosure and those which are prohibited form being
disclosed”. Examine with illustrations.

Q35) Define Fact, Fact in issue and Relevant fact. Distinguish between fact in
issue and relevant fact.

Q36) Define the term Evidence and discuss different kinds of evidence.

Q37) All confessions are admissions, but all admissions are not confessions.
Discuss.

Q38) State the essentials of Dying Declaration. Is a dying declaration admissible

if the person making it happens to recover? Explain.

Q39) Briefly enumerate the rules as to Burden of Proof under the Indian
Evidence Act.

Q40) Explain the doctrine of Estoppel in detail and state whether it is

applicable against minor?

Q41) What are privileged Communications? Can a wife be compelled to give

evidence against her husband in civil or criminal cases?

Q42) “Accomplice is unworthy of credit unless corroborated in material

particulars”. Discuss.

Q43) Evidence can be given of facts-in-issue, relevant facts, and no others.

Discuss.

Q44) What is meant by character? When can evidence of bad character be

given criminal cases?

Q45) Evidence given by a witness in an earlier judicial proceeding can be

proved in a subsequent proceeding without calling him in certain cases.
Explain.

Q46) Explain the relevancy of motive, preparation and conduct under the
Evidence Act.

Q47) What is a leading question? Discuss briefly the circumstances under which
leading questions may be put to a witness.
Q48) Oral Evidence cannot substitute written evidence, nor can it control
written evidence. Discuss.

Q49) What is a public document? What are the special provisions in the
Evidence Act concerning Public Documents?

Q50) What is an examination-in-chief? What is cross-examination? Which

questions can be asked is cross-examination? Can one defendant cross-
examine another co-defendant or the witnesses of another co-defendant?

Q51) Estoppel is a rule of Civil Action. It has no application to criminal

proceedings. Evaluate.

Q52) Define Public Documents. How they are proved?

Q53) Define confession and explain when confession becomes relevant. Is

there any difference between judicial and extra judicial confession.

Q54) Distinguish between primary evidence and secondary evidence. When

secondary evidence relating document may be given?

Q55) Discuss the general principles of burden of proof.

Q56) “Exclusion of oral evidence by documentary evidence” Comment.

Q57) “Every person is competent to testify as a witness” Comment.

Q.58) Explain the provisions relating to statements made under special

circumstances.

Short Notes:

1) Marital Privilege.
2) Conclusive proof.
3) Confession in police custody.
4) Relevancy of past similar transactions.
5) Estoppel of tenant and licencee.
6) Relevancy of previous convictions.
7) Examination of witness.
8) Communications during marriage.
9) Accomplice. *
10) Proof of Public documents.
11) Presumptions as to telegraphic message.
12) “Hearsay” evidence.
13) Expert testimony.
14) Hostile witness.
15) Presumption of life and death.
16) Proved
17) Shall presume.
18) Res Gastate.
19) Extra judicial Confession.
20) Entries in books of account.
21) Presumption as to Powers of Attorney
22) Presumption as to Dowry Death.
23) Legitimacy of child.
24) Plea of Alibi.
25) Presumptions.
26) Cross Examinations.*
27) Leading questions
28) Hostile Witness.
29) Experts Opinions.
30) Judgments in rem.
31) Motive.
32) Burden of proof of facts within special knowledge
33) Expert
34) Ancient documents
35) Presumption of “Life” & “Death”
36) May presume, shall presume & conclusive proof.
37) Hostile witness.
38) Dumb witness.
39) Professional Communication
40) Child witness.
41) Proved, disproved, not proved
42) Impeaching credit of witness
43) Leading questions
 804 ALTERBATIVE DISPUTES RESOLUTION SYSTEMS.

Q1) Examine the provisions relating to ‘Appointment of Arbitrators

and Grounds for Challenge’ under the Arbitration and conciliation

Act,1996.

Q2) Define the term arbitral award’ and discuss the grounds for

setting aside the award Under the Arbitration and conciliation

Act,.1996.

Q3) Discuss any two of the following:

a) Commencement of conciliation proceedings.

b) Role of conciliator
c) Settlement agreement
Q4) Discuss the composition and Jurisdiction of the District forum

(consumer Disputes Redressal Forum) under the consumer

Protections Act,1986.

Q5) Discuss the following:

a) Resolution of disputes through Fast Track Arbitration.

b) Jurisdiction of the Family courts under the family courts Act,1984.
Q6) Discuss the advantages and limitations of Alternative Disputes

resolution.

Q7) Examine the role of ‘Lok Adalats’ for the settlement of disputes.

Q8) Discuss the provisions relating to appointment of arbitrators and

termination of Mandate of an arbitrator under the Arbitration and

conciliation Act,1996.

Q9) Define’ Arbitration’ and discuss the essentials of Arbitration

Agreement under the Arbitration and conciliation Act, 1996.

Q10) Examine the provisions relating ‘Conduct of Arbitral

Proceedings’ under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

Q11) a) State form and contents of Arbitral Award*

b)Explain the provisions relating to application for setting aside the arbitral
award
Q12) “Alternative Dispute Resolution is not an alternative to the court

system but only meant to supplement the same aiming on less

lawyering” . Comment.

Q13) Discuss the functions & jurisdiction of the Family Courts under

the Family Courts Act,1984.

Q14) The concept and the object of Lok-Nyayalay is to bring justice

At the doorsteps of the needy.” Explain with reference to

working of Lok-Nyayalay at various levels in the state of

Maharashtra.

Q15) Discuss the Constitution and jurisdiction of the State Consumer

Disputes Redressal Commission under the Consumer Protection

Act, 1986.

Q16) Explain in detail ‘Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings.’

Q17) Discuss the procedure for the appointment of arbitrators.

Q18) Explain the various stages in the conduct of conciliation up to

settlement agreement.

Q19) explain how far the alternatives of disputes settlement are

effective as an alternative traditional judicial methods.

Q20) Evaluate the working of family courts under the Family Court

Act, 1984 from the point of view of conciliation.

Q21) Appraise the contribution of Lok-Nyayalay and Panchayat

system for resolution of Disputes.

Q22) Explain how the Consumer Council and Forum under the
Consumer Protection Act,1986, contribute to a dispute resolving
system.
Q23) What is meant by Arbitration Agreement? And what are its
advantages?
Q24) Discuss the provision relating to From and contents of arbitral
award.
Q25) Discuss the provisions relating to setting aside of arbitral award.
Q26) Write a detail note on “Conciliation proceedings”
Q27) Discuss the growing importance and developing philosophy of
Legal Aid in India. Explain with reference to decided cases.
Q28) “Alternative Dispute Resolution is not an alternative to the
courts system but only Meant to supplement the same aiming
on less lawyering” Explain.
Q29) Enumerate the provisions under the Family Court Act, 1984
relating to procedure Before Family Court.
Q30) Discuss the composition and jurisdiction of the National
Commission under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
Q31) “Purpose of Arbitration Act is to provide quick redressal to
commercial dispute by Private Arbitration” Comment.
Q32) What is Arbitral Award? Under what circumstances arbitration
award is set aside.
Q33) How the tribunal is constituted under the Act? Give the
procedure before it.
Q34) What is Conciliation? Explain the duties of Conciliators.
Q35) “The preamble of the constitution of India envisages justice,
Social economical and political. Lok Nyayalaya’s are a step in
the directions. Elucidate.
Q36) Discuss growing importance and developing philosophy of legal
Aid in India. Explain with reference to decided cases.
Q37) Discuss the need of alternative models of dispute settlement.
What are it’s Limitations?
Q38) Consumer Protection Act envisages a three-tier grievance
redressal system. Explain.
Q39) Discuss the composition, jurisdiction and powers of the “Arbitral
Tribunal” under the Arbitration and conciliation act 1996.
Q40) Explain the provisions relating to “making Arbitral award and
Termination of Proceedings under the Arbitration and
Conciliation Act, 1996.
Q41) Define the term “Arbitration Agreement” and state the
essentials of an arbitration agreement.
Q42) Examine the provisions relating to the appointment of
conciliatiors and the role of Conciliatiors under the Arbitration
and Conciliation Act 1996.
Q43) Examine the scope of the Jurisdiction of Administrative tribunals
constituted under Articles 323 A & B of the constitution and
Judicial review of their decisions.
Q44) Evaluate the working of the Family courts under the Family
Courts Act, 1984.
Q45) “Lok Nyayalaya is one of the statutorily recognizes Alternative
Dispute Resolution System”. Comment.
Q46) All categories of cases can be settled through Lok-Adalats
except criminal cases which are not compoundable. Explain.

SHORT NOTES:
1) Need for the Establishment of Administrative Tribunals.
2) Panchyat System.* *
3) Legal Aid Scheme.
4) Distinction between Judicial settlement & alternative Disputes
Resolution.
5) Arbitration agreement.*
6) International commercial arbitration.
7) Appealable orders
8) Deposits*
9) Definition of International Commercial Arbitration.
10) Enforcement of Arbitral awards.
11) Role of Conciliator for the settlement of disputes.
12) Appealable Orders
13) Legal Aid Scheme
14) Mini-trial *
15) Administrative Tribunals.
16) Meaning of Arbitration.
17) Interim measures by Court.
18) Termination of conciliation proceedings.
19) Enforcement of Arbitral Award.
20) Negotiation
21) Administrative Tribunals
22) Mediation.
23) Par-legal services.
24) Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal.
25) Settlement.*
26) International Commercial Arbitration.
27) Deposits *
28) Appointment of conciliators.
29) Various models of alternative dispute resolutions.
30) Lok Nyayalaya
31) Litigation versus Arbitration.
32) Administrative Tribunals.
33) Receipt of written communication.
34) Grounds for Challenge.
35) Enforcement of Arbitral Awards.
36) Legal Aid Movement.
37) Family Court
38) Advantages of Arbitration.
39) Place of Arbitration and commencement of Arbitral proceedings
40) Statement of claims & defence.
41) Conduct of Arbitral Tribunals
42) Deposits.
43) Negotiation vs. mediation.
44) Limitations of alternative models of dispute resolution.
45) Fast-track Arbitration.
 901 The Civil Procedure Code

Discuss the provisions regarding reference, revision and review.

1. Enumerate and explain the provisions relating suit by or against a minor
and a person of unsound mind.
2. Discuss fully the doctrine of res judicata. How does it operate in civil
suits? Is there any difference between res judicata and estoppel?
3. What do issues mean? How are they to be framed? Can any issue be
determined first of all and when? *
4. What properties are liable to attachment and sale in execution of a
decree? State the exceptions if any.
5. State clearly the different stages of suit from its institution till it is finally
determined.
6. State briefly the provisions of the code of Civil Procedure relating to
execution of decree and order.
7. What are the provisions of the code of Civil Procedure relating to Joinder
of parties and causes of action in a suit? What is the effect of misjoinder
and Non-joinder of parties in a suit?
8. Explain the term “continuous running of time” When the time commences
to run? Explain.
9. Can a court grant extension of the period of limitation? If so under what
circumstances? Explain.
10.“The laws of limitation bars the remedy but does not destroy the right”
Discuss and point out the exceptions, if any, to this rule.
11.What is legal disability? State the protection provided under the Limitation
Act to the persons suffering from legal disability and it’s extent.
12.Define ‘Decree’ what are the different kinds of decrees passed under
C.P.C.?* Point out distinction between a decree and order.
13.Explain the term ‘Jurisdiction’ Point out the difference between pecuniary
jurisdiction and territorial jurisdiction of Civil Court.
14.Discuss the provisions of Civil Procedure Code regarding suit by or against
government.
15.What are the contents of a plaint? Discuss the general grounds for
rejection of a plaint.
16.Explain any two of the following with reference to the provisions of
Limitation Act: a) Continuous running of time. B) Exclusion of time of
proceeding bona-fide in Court without jurisdiction c) Legal Disability
17.Who is an ‘Indigent person’? Explain the provisions for suits by indigent
persons.
18.State and explain briefly the terms ‘Jurisdiction’ and ‘place of suing’ in the
light of the provisions of Civil Procedure Code.
19.Explain the provisions of Civil Procedure code regarding ‘Service of
Summons’
20.Explain the following with reference to Limitation Act. a) Effect of fraud
on limitation b) Computation of period of limitation c) Acknowledgement.
d) Continuous running of the limitation period.
21.What are the provisions of code of civil procedure regarding appearance of
parties in suits? What are the consequences of non-appearance of the
Plaintiff or Defendant or both?
22.Discuss the following: a) An injunction is issued to restraint repetition or
continuance of breach. b) An execution Court cannot go behind the
Decree.
23.Distinguish between: a) Set-off and counter claim. B) Decree and order.
24.What are the contents of plaint? When a plaint is rejected? Explain.
25.Discuss: a) Attachment before judgment b) Powers of the Commissioner.
26.Discuss the provisions of C.P.C. relating to appeals from original side.
27.Explain the following: a) Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties to a suit.
b) Place of suing. c) Interpleader suit.
28.Discuss the law relating to appearance of parties and consequences of
non-appearance in a court.
29.‘Adverse possession means hostile possession in denial of the title of the
true owner’ Explain stating the relevant provisions of the Limitation Act.
30.‘Law aids the vigilant and not the sleepy’ Explain the statement in the
light of provision of the Limitation Act.
31.State the provisions relating to ‘Res Judicata’ under section 11 of civil
procedure code. What is ‘Constructive Res Judicata’?
32.Define ‘Pleadings’ State and explain briefly the general rules of pleadings.
33.State and explain the provisions relating to the suits by or against minors
or persons of unsound mind.
34.‘Executing court cannot go behind the decree’ Explain. State the various
modes of execution of decree.
35.What is meant by ‘Written Statement’ What are the rules of defense
considered while filing of a written statement? Explain briefly.
36.State the consequences of Death and Marriage of parties in a pending suit
37.What is foreign judgment? When is it binding and conclusive? Are there
any circumstances where it is not conclusive?
38.Discuss the provisions relating to discovery, inspection and production of
the documents.
39.What are the interim orders that can be issued by the Court? Give a brief
account of circumstances under which the court is enabled to issue such
orders.
40.Define judgment and decree. Explain the concepts by discussing the
difference between them.

41. Short Notes:

1) Stay of suit
2) Appointment of receiver*
3) Inter Pleader Suit
4) Injunction in civil suits.
5) Appeal from original decree
6) Mesne Profit
7) Pleadings
8) Modes of service of summons.
9) Attachment of property before judgment.
10) Cause of action *

11) Misjoinder and Non-Joinder of Parties to a suit

12) Receiver
13) Garnishee

14) Temporary Injunction *

15) Notice
16) Res Judicata
17) Issue of Commission
18) Issues.
19) Interim Injunction
20) Commissioner
21) Issues
22) Counter claim
23) Written statement
24) Set off
25) Inherent powers of the court
26) Condonation of delay
27) Acquisition of easementary rights
28) Computation of period of limitation
29) Legal Disability
30) Effects of fraud of mistake
31) Acquisition of ownership by possession
32) Service of summons
33) Interlocutory orders
34) Discovery and inspection of documents
35) Kinds of suit
36) Particulars to be contained in a plaint
 902 Interpretation Of Statutes

1) What do you mean by statutory interpretation? Discuss the general

principles of interpretation of statute. *
2) Discuss the internal aids to construction of statute.
3) “Legal fiction is one which is not an actual reality and which the law
recognizes and the court accepts as a reality,” Explain with the help of
leading cases. *
4) Write an essay on interpretation of consolidating and codifying statutes.
5) Explain the rules as to interpretation of provisions of statute relating to
commencement and operation.
6) Explain in brief the rules as to interpretation of the Constitution.
7) Distinguish between remedial and penal statutes. Discuss rules of
construction of remedial statutes.
8) Discuss the extent of exclusion of jurisdiction of superior courts.
9) Examine effect of expiry of temporary statutes.
10) “Constitution is but the declaration of the people and must be
interpreted liberally and not in a narrow spirit” Comment. *
11) What are the General Principles of interpretation of statutes?
Discuss.
12) Discuss the principles of interpretation of statutes affecting
jurisdiction of courts.
13) What is meant by “Retrospective effect? What are the
circumstances in which retrospective effect is given to a statute ? Discuss.
14) How far the preamble, definitions, Sections, Headings, marginal
notes and illustrations are important in construction of a statute?
15) Discuss the principles of interpretation of penal statutes with the
help of decided cases.
16) What is the difference between mandatory and directory provisions
in a Statute? What are the rules of interpretation pertaining to these
provisions? Discuss.
17) What is meant by repeal of an Act? What is the effect of repeal of
an Act? Discuss
18) Explain the rules of interpretation of written constitution as evolved
by the courts in India.
19) What do you understand by Sententia legis? Explain the general
principles of interpretation
20) Explain mandatory and directory provisions of interpretation
21) Explain the various extrinsic aids of interpretation
22) Explain the principles of interpreting taxing statutes.*
23) What do you mean by mens rea? Explain the principles involved
interpreting penal statutes with decided cases.
24) ‘Beneficial tendency is a tendency rather than a rule’ Elucidate the
above statement with illustrative cases.
25) What is interpretation of statutes? Discuss the golden rule of
interpretation with the help of leading cases. *
26) Discuss the extent of exclusion of jurisdiction of superior courts.
27) Under what circumstances do the courts give retrospective effect to
a statue? Explain the principle with the help of case laws.
28) ‘The strict construction of penal statutes seems to manifest itself in
four way-Maxwell’ Elucidate.
29) Explain the concept of Immovable property under the General
Clauses Act.
30) Distinguish between tax and fee. Explain the principles of
interpreting fiscal statutes.

Short Notes:

1) Rule of ejusdem generis *

2) Conjunctive and disjunctive words *
3) Use of dictionaries
4) Rule of last antecedent.
5) Vicarious responsibility in statutory offences.
6) Evasion of taxing statutes.
7) Person (under the General Clauses Act, 1897)
8) Document (under the General Clauses Act, 1897)
9) Noscitur a sociis.* *
10) Consolidating and codifying statutes.
11) Golden rule of interpretation
12) Immovable property under the General Clauses Act.
13) Local authority
14) Good faith *
15) Remedial statutes
16) Coming into Operation of an Act
17) Distinction between proviso, exception and saving clauses.
18) Harmonious construction
19) Doctoring of prospective overruling*
20) Non-obstinate clause *
21) Political agent
22) Genaliq specialibus non derogant
23) Affidavit *
24) Moveable property *
25) Penal statutes
26) Temporary statutes
27) Mandatory and Directory provisions
28) Commencement of statute *
29) Objects of Interpretation of statutes
30) Retrospective operation of a statute
31) Ut Res Magis Valeat Quam Pereat
32) Headings
33) Local authority under the General clauses Act
34) Document
35) Mischief Rule *
36) Foreign decisions
37) Liberal Rule
38) reddendo singula singulis
39) Grey V. Pearson (1857)
40) Public policy
41) Parliamentary history as external aid to construction
42) Lee V. Knapp
 903 Environmental Law

1) The term “environment” is a broad concept. Explain as to how

the judiciary has interpreted the term environment.
2) Elaborate in detail the concept of sustainable development.
3) Explain as to how the environment is protected through public interest
litigation.
4) Explain the powers and functions of the central and state boards of the
water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act 1974.
5) Elaborate the environmental issue involved in the Silent Valley project.
6) Discuss the Jurisdiction and powers of authority under the National
Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997.
7) Discuss the extent nature liability of the owner under the Public Liability
Insurance Act 1991.
8) Write note on the following with reference to the Wild Life (Protection) Act
1972. (a) Offences and Penalties. (b) Central Zoo Authority and Its
Function.
9) Briefly discuss the Pre-Independence Policy on environment in India.
10) Define Forest and explain the various kinds of forest under the

Forest Act 1927.

11) Explain the powers and functions of the Central Pollution

Control Board and State Pollutions Control Board.

12) Discuss the cause and effects of environment pollution on

human beings.

13) Examine in brief the salient features of Rio Conference on Environment

and Development 1992.
14) Discuss the powers and functions of the Water Boards as constituted under
the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
15) Elaborate in detail the issues of Environment Impact Assessment involved
in Narmada Valley Project.
16) Explain the concept of no fault liability as incorporated under the National
Environment Tribunal Act 1995.
17) Elucidate the concept of sustainable development.
18) Explain with reference to Wild Life (Protection) act 1972 the following. (a)
National Parks. (b) Duties of Wild Life Advisory Board.
19) Discuss the features and objectives of Environment (Protection) Act 1986.
20) Discuss in brief as to how the concept of “Public Interest Litigation” helps
to curb environment pollution with various case laws.
21) “Environmental law is a synthesis of principles, concepts and norms
generated by other laws” Do you agree with the above proposition.
Discuss the Nature and Scope of Environmental Law?
22) What are the causes of Environmental pollution? How does environmental
laws control the Environmental Pollution?
23) Critically examine the Salient features of Stockholm Declaration of 1972
and its impact on Indian Legal System.
24) Discuss in detail the post independence policies on Pollution and forest in
India?
25) The Supreme Court of India by expanding the scope of Article 21 of the
Constitution and by giving meaningful interpretation to Articles 48-A and
51A (g) has created desired environmental awareness in the public mind”
Elucidate.
26) Critically examine the framework of Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
Act 1981.
27) Critically examine the important environmental issues involved in the
Narmada Valley project. Support your answer with the help of appropriate
case laws.
28) “No fault liability principle evolve by Indian Supreme Court has statutory
recognition today” Elucidate with reference to appropriate case laws and
legislative measures in India.
29) What is Environmental Law? Discuss the nature and scope of
Environmental Law.
30) “Principle 21 of the Stockholm Convention 1972 is based on the Roman
maxim. Sic utero et alienum non leadas. However, again the question
arises. What good does an international peremptory norm, like Stockholm
Convention, achieve”. Comment.
31) In the light of various judgments, constitutional & statutory provisions,
explain whether Precautionary principle & the Polluter pays principle are
part of the Environment Law in India.
32) Explain the Powers & functions of Central & State Pollution Control Board
under Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution ) Act 1974.
33) “Large dams typically benefit urban population located far from the actual
projects themselves while poorer communities, often made up of tribal
communities, bear the brunt of the cost”. Do you agree with this
statement critically comment on it with the help of recent case laws.
34) National Environment Tribunal Act passed after four years of enactment of
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 is more of a repetition than an
improvement – Comment.
35) Critically discuss the post-Independence Environmental policies of India.
36) “The Power of the Supreme Court & High Courts to issue directions under
Articles 32 & 226 respectively have attained greater significance in
Environmental litigations, most of which were in the form of class action &
Public interest litigation” Elucidate.
37) Define the environmental pollution. Explain which of the human activities
cause environmental pollution.
38) What is the effect of development on environment? How sustainable
development can be achieved? Discuss.
39) What is the contribution of the Stockholm Conference on Environmental
1972 towards protecting the environmental? Discuss.
40) How the International Environmental law has affected the Indian
environmental law? Explain.
41) Discuss in detail the provisions relating to environment Impact
Assessment.
42) Discuss in detail the provisions relating to penalties and liabilities under
the water pollution control laws.
43) Critically examine the Indian approach towards protection of bio-diversity.
44) What is the contribution made by the Indian Supreme Court and the High
Courts towards the cause of environmental protection?
45) Discuss the nature, scope and need of environmental law.
46) Explain the importance of environmental law in modern times.
47) What is environmental pollution? What are its causes? Discuss.
48) Is it true that environmental pollution is the result of development? Can
the conflict between development and environment be resolved?
49) Discuss the salient features of Stockholm conference (1972)
50) Discuss the contributions of Rio conference on Environment and
development(1992).
51) Discuss through important cases the Indian supreme courts interpretation
of constitutional provisions for protecting the environment.
52) Elaborate how the supreme court has been protecting the environment
under the constitution.
53) Discuss the power and functions of pollution control Boards for controlling
water and air pollution.
54) What are the Authorities under the important pollution control laws ? What
are their powers and functions?
55) Elaborate in detail the concept of sustainable development.
56) Explain as to how the environment is protected through public interest
litigation.
57) Explain the powers and functions of the central and state boards of the
water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act 1974.
58) Elaborate the environmental issue involved in the Silent Valley project.
59) Discuss the Jurisdiction and powers of authority under the National
Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997.
60) Discuss the extent nature liability of the owner under the Public Liability
Insurance Act 1991.
61) Write note on the following with reference to the Wild Life (Protection) Act
1972. (a) Offences and Penalties. (b) Central Zoo Authority and Its
Function.
62) Briefly discuss the Pre-Independence Policy on environment in India.
63) Define Forest and explain the various kinds of forest under the Forest Act
1927.
64) Explain the powers and functions of the Central Pollution Control Board
and State Pollutions Control Board.
65) Discuss the cause and effects of environment pollution on human beings.
66) Examine in brief the salient features of Rio Conference on Environment
and Development 1992.
67) Define the term pollution and discuss the provisions relating to prevention
and control of water pollution under the Water Act.
68) Elaborate in detail the issues of Environment Impact Assessment involved
in Narmada Valley Project.
69) Explain the concept of no fault liability as incorporated under the National
Environment Tribunal Act 1995.
70) Elucidate the concept of sustainable development.
71) Explain with reference to Wild Life (Protection) act 1972 the following. (a)
National Parks. (b) Duties of Wild Life Advisory Board.
72) Discuss the features and objectives of Environment (Protection) Act 1986.
73) Discuss in brief as to how the concept of “Public Interest Litigation” helps
to curb environment pollution with various case laws.
74) “Environmental law is a synthesis of principles, concepts and norms
generated by other laws” Do you agree with the above proposition.
Discuss the Nature and Scope of Environmental Law?
75) What are the causes of Environmental pollution? How does environmental
laws control the Environmental Pollution?
76) Critically examine the Salient features of Stockholm Declaration of 1972
and its impact on Indian Legal System.
77) Discuss in detail the post independence policies on Pollution and forest in
India?
78) The Supreme Court of India by expanding the scope of Article 21 of the
Constitution and by giving meaningful interpretation to Articles 48-A and
51A (g) has created desired environmental awareness in the public mind”
Elucidate.
79) Critically examine the framework of Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
Act 1981.
80) Critically examine the important environmental issues involved in the
Narmada Valley project. Support your answer with the help of appropriate
case laws.
81) “No fault liability principle evolve by Indian Supreme Court has statutory
recognition today” Elucidate with reference to appropriate case laws and
legislative measures in India.
82) What is Environmental Law? Discuss the nature and scope of
Environmental Law.
83) “Principle 21 of the Stockholm Convention 1972 is based on the Roman
maxim. Sic utero et alienum non leadas. However, again the question
arises. What good does an international peremptory norm, like Stockholm
Convention, achieve”. Comment.
84) In the light of various judgments, constitutional & statutory provisions,
explain whether Precautionary principle & the Polluter pays principle are
part of the Environment Law in India.
85) Explain the Powers & functions of Central & State Pollution Control Board
under Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution ) Act 1974.
86) “Large dams typically benefit urban population located far from the actual
projects themselves while poorer communities, often made up of tribal
communities, bear the brunt of the cost”. Do you agree with this
statement critically comment on it with the help of recent case laws.
87) National Environment Tribunal Act passed after four years of enactment of
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 is more of a repetition than an
improvement – Comment.
88) Critically discuss the post-Independence Environmental policies of India.
89) “The Power of the Supreme Court & High Courts to issue directions under
Articles 32 & 226 respectively have attained greater significance in
Environmental litigations, most of which were in the form of class action &
Public interest litigation” Elucidate.
90) Define the environmental pollution. Explain which of the human activities
cause environmental pollution.
91) What is the effect of development on environment? How sustainable
development can be achieved? Discuss.
92) What is the contribution of the Stockholm Conference on Environmental
1972 towards protecting the environmental? Discuss.
93) How the International Environmental law has affected the Indian
environmental law? Explain.
94) Discuss in detail the provisions relating to environment Impact
Assessment.
 95) Discuss in detail the provisions relating to penalties and liabilities under
the water pollution control laws.
96) Critically examine the Indian approach towards protection of bio-diversity.
97) What is the contribution made by the Indian Supreme Court and the High
Courts towards the cause of environmental protection?
98) Discuss the nature, scope and need of environmental law.
99) Explain the importance of environmental law in modern times.
100) What is environmental pollution? What are its causes? Discuss.

101) Is it true that environmental pollution is the result of development? Can

the conflict between development and environment be resolved?
102) Discuss the salient features of Stockholm conference (1972)
103) Discuss the contributions of Rio conference on Environment and
development(1992).
104) Discuss through important cases the Indian supreme courts interpretation
of constitutional provisions for protecting the environment.
105) Elaborate how the supreme court has been protecting the environment
under the constitution.
106) Discuss the power and functions of pollution control Boards for controlling
water and air pollution.
107) What are the Authorities under the important pollution control laws ? What
are their powers and functions?
108) Discuss the nature and objects of the National Environment Appellate
Authority Act.
109) With the recent development in Sardar Sarovar project, discuss whether
there is need of these big dams? Also state, as to how to cope with the
issue of displacement of villagers in the vicinity of such big projects.
110) Examine the powers of Central Government to take measures to protect
and improve environment under the EPA, 1986.
111) The Supreme Court of India by expanding the scope of Art.21 of the
Constitution and by giving meaningful interpretation to Art.48A and 51 A
(g) has created desired environmental awareness in the public mind.
Discuss.

Short Notes
1) Bhopal gas disaster. *
2) Coastal Regulation Zone.
3) Rural Litigation & Entitlement Kendra V State of U. P. AIR 1985 Sc652.
4) Indian Council for Enviro-legal action V Union of India (1995) 3 Sec 77.
5) Causes of Pollution
6) Noise pollution.
7) Nature and scope of the Public Liability Insurance Act 1995.
8) Nairobi Declarations 1982. *
9) Polluter-Pays-Principle. *
10) Role of National Environment Tribunal.

11) Development V Environment. *

12) Silent Vally Project. *

13) Role of National Environment Tribunal.
14) Taj Trapezium case.
15) The issues involved in the Silent Valley Project.
16) Bhopal gas tragedy.
17) Nairobi Declarations 1982.
18) Environment Impact Assessment.
19) UNEP.
20) Indian Biological Diversity Act 2002.
21) Noise Pollution.
22) Ganga Water Pollution case.
23) Fundamental duty under Constitution to protect environment.
24) No fault liability.
25) Pre-independence policy on environment in India.
26) Bhopal gas disaster. *
27) Coastal Regulation Zone.
28) Rural Litigation & Entitlement Kendra V State of U. P. AIR 1985
Sc652.

29) Indian Council for Enviro-legal action V Union of India (1995) 3

Sec 77.

30) Causes of Pollution

31) Noise pollution.
32) Nature and scope of the Public Liability Insurance Act 1995.
33) Nairobi Declarations 1982. *
34) Polluter-Pays-Principle. *
35) Role of National Environment Tribunal.
36) Development V Environment. *
37) Silent Vally Project. *
38) Role of National Environment Tribunal.
39) Taj Trapezium case.
40) The issues involved in the Silent Valley Project.
41) Bhopal gas tragedy.
42) Nairobi Declarations 1982.
43) Environment Impact Assessment.
44) UNEP.
45) Indian Biological Diversity Act 2002.
46) Noise Pollution.
47) Ganga Water Pollution case.
48) No fault liability.
49) Pre-independence policy on environment in India.
50) Global warming
51) Reserved forests
52) Ratlam Municipality Case.
 1001 The Criminal Procedure Code

1) Explain the procedure regarding trial before a court of session.

2) Discuss the procedure regarding summary trial.
3) Discuss the provisions regarding appeals.
4) Explain content of charge and joinder of charges.
5) State the various courts constituted by the provisions of the
Criminal Procedure Code and their powers.
6) Explain the provisions regarding security for keeping the peace and
good behavior.
7) How court can compel production of things.
8) Discuss the territorial jurisdiction of a criminal court.
9) Discuss the aims and objects of the Juvenile Justice Act.
10) Discuss the objects of the Probation of Offenders Act.
11) Discuss procedure regarding trial of warrant-case by
Magistrate
12) Discuss procedure regarding trial of summons case.
13) Explain various courts constituted under the criminal
procedure code and their powers.
14) Discuss procedure regarding execution, suspension and
commutation of sentences.
15) Explain all aspects of FIR a) State provisions regarding
accused person of unsoundmind. B) Explain autrefois convict and
Autrefois acquit.
16) Discuss in detail the competent authorities and institutions
established for welfare of Juvenile under the Act.
17) Discuss the powers of the court to release offenders on
probation
18) Explain the provisions regarding maintenance.
19) Explain procedure regarding trial of warrant case by
Magistrate.
20) Explain process to complete production of things by court.
21) State various courts constituted by the provisions of the
Criminal Procedure Code and their powers.
22) Discuss provision regarding taking cognizance of an offence.
23) Discuss provisions regarding execution, suspension, remission
and commutation of sentences.
24) Distinguish between the following – a) Cognizable and non-
cognizable offences b) Summons Case and Warrant Case.
25) Discuss in detail the competent authorities and institutions
established for the Welfare of Juvenile under the Juvenile Justice Act
1986
26) Explain the aims and objects of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986
with the help of provisions of the Act?
27) Explain in detail the provisions of Cr. P. C. relating to
maintenance of wife, children and parents.
28) Explain the provisions of Cr. P. C. relating to anticipatory bail.
What are basic differences between petitions for bail tiled under
sections 437 and 438 of Cr. P. C.
29) Explain the term ‘Accomplice’ When tender of pardon is
granted to an accused as per Cr. P. C.?
30) Discuss the various ways for compelling an appearance of
accused person in court.
31) Explain a) Appeal against conviction b) Appeal against
acquittal.
32) Explain the procedure for trail before a court of sessions.
33) Discuss the role of probation in sentencing policy. Discuss the
powers of the court to release offenders on probation.
34) Discuss the procedure regarding summary trial
35) Discuss provisions regarding arrest of persons.
36) Discuss provisions regarding bail and bonds.
37) Discuss provisions regarding the security for keeping the
peace and of good behavior
38) Discuss the order that may passed and the order that may not
passed against juvenile as per the provisions of the Juvenile Justice
Act
39) Discuss procedure of Summary Trial *
40) Explain territorial jurisdiction of Criminal Courts
41) Explain provisions regarding taking cognizance of an offence
42) Explain provisions regarding Appeals and Revisions
43) Explain provisions regarding bail and bonds
44) Explain the role of Probation officer under the Probation of
offenders Act *
45) ‘Every offence shall ordinarily be inquired into and tried by the
court within whose jurisdiction it was committed’ Comment
46) Define complaint. When magistrate may take cognizance of a
complaint.
47) Explain issue of process and postponement of issue of
process.
48) Explain First Information Report and effects of delay in filing
F.I.R.
49) Discuss the importance of chargesheet in a trial.
50) Distinguish between the summons case and warrant case with
reference to provisions relating to trial of such cases.
51) Explain the law relating to tender of pardon under Cr.P.C. in
detail.
52) Explain in detail how court can compel appearance of a person
53) Explain the term ‘probation’ Discuss – a) Power of court to
release certain offenders after admonition b) Variation of conditions
of probation.
54) Discuss the provisions relating to arrest of persons.
55) Explain provisions regarding appeals, reference and revision.
56) Short Notes.
1) Confession
2) FIR
3) Child in need of care and protection.
4) Begging homes and Special homes.
5) After care organization.
6) Duties of Probation Offender.
7) Variation of conditions of Probation *
8) Procedure in case of offender failing to observe conditions of
bond. *
9) Restriction on imprisonment of offenders under twenty-one
year of age.
10) Limitation for taking cognizance
11) Confession *
12) Bail in case of non-bailable offence *
13) Joinder of charges
14) Contents of charge
15) Neglected Juvenile
16) Punishment of cruelty to Juvenile
17) Duties of Probation officer
18) Restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under 21
years.
19) Confession
20) Examination of an accused by court.
21) Autrefois Acquit and Autrefois convict.
22) Urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended dangers.
23) Restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under
twenty one years.
24) Procedure in case of offenders failing to observe
conditions of bond.
25) Arrest by private person
26) Police diary
27) Summary trial.
28) Bail and custody of Juvenile
29) Punishment for cruelty to Juveniles
30) Investigation, Enquiry and Trial *
31) Search warrant.
32) Offences with respect to juvenile or child
33) Chile Welfare Committee
34) Shelter homes
35) Report of Probation Officer
36) Probation and Parole
37) Removal of disqualification attaching to conviction
38) Cognizable offence and Non-cognizable offence
39) Juvenile Homes * *
40) Bail and Custody of Juveniles * *
41) Juvenile Welfare Board * *
42) Power to release certain offend enders after
 admonition
43) Proclamation
44) Provisions regarding accused person of unsound
mind
45) Disposal of property
46) Legal aid to an accused person
47) Accused person of unsound mind
48) Arrest without warrant
49) Bailable and non bailable offences.
 1002 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

1) Institutions of Lokpal and Lokayukta were aimed at to curb maladministration by the

public authorities. Do you think they serve the intended purpose? Comment.
2) Discuss the nature, scope and necessity of administrative law in today’s modern
circumstances? Do you think it is contrary to separation of powers? Explain.
3) How the judiciary exercise its control over delegated legislation invoking doctrine of
ultravires? Write your answer with appropriate judicial decisions.
4) Discuss the nature and scope of Commission of Inquiries Act Refer to the decisions.
5) What do you understand as doctrine of bias? How judiciary applies the doctrine as a
basic facet of principles of natural justice? Examine.
6) Is there any difference or distinction between error of law and error of jurisdiction in
modern circumstances? How judiciaries exercise its control over administrative
action?
7) Govt’s power to enter into contract is prescribed by the constitution, which is different
and independent from the Contract Act. Examine.
8) ‘Delegated legislation has become a desideratum in view of multiferaous functions of
modern developed stat’ Discuss.
9) ‘Doctrine of bias is a kind of limitation or restriction upon the exercise of
administrative, adjudicative powers by administrative authority’ Explain
10) Error of Law and error of jurisdiction have been assimilated together to provide a
jurisdiction to the judiciary to exercise its control over administrative action. Do you
agree? Write your answer with the help of appropriate judicial decisions.
11) ‘Administrative discretion though is necessary, but conferment of an absolute
discretionary powers would be detrimental to individual interests’ Comment.
12) Tortious liability of the state has undergone a change in India, during last two to three
decades and has become more broader – Explain.
13) Discuss the nature, scope and procedure of commission of inquiry in India.
14) ‘Administrative law is the law is the law which determines the organization,
functions, powers and duties of administrative authorities’ Jenning Discuss.
15) Discuss the factors responsible due to which concept of delegated legislation has
been developed.
16) Enumerate, nature, scope and extent of Government’s Tortious liability provided
under Art 300 of the Indian Constitution.
17) ‘Parliamentary control of delegated legislation has assumed significance in view of
quasifederal polity in India’ Comment.
18) ‘No one should be condemned unheard’ is the principle which forms a part of natural
Justice. What are its components and necessary ingredients? Discuss.
19) Doctrine of ultra virus could be employed by the Judiciary over public corporations to
control them. Do you agree with this proposition? Give reasons and write your answer
with the help of Judicial decisions.
20) Discuss nature, need and growth of administrative tribunals in India. How Judiciary
could exercise control over them?
21) What do you understand by the term ‘Separation of Powers’? How separation of
power is related to administrative law? Explain.
22) Is it possible in India to exclude the judicial review of administrative tribunals?
Discuss with the help of relevant case law.
23) Discuss the development of law on applicability of the concept of natural justice. Is it
necessary to classify a function as quasi-judicial for applying natural justice?
24) Discuss the need of Ombudsman. Explain the institution of Ombudsman in India.
25) Explain the essential requirement to make Government liable for contracts entered on
its behalf.
26) ‘Public undertaking must be given maximum autonomy necessary for functional
efficiency, however they must be subject to governmental as well as legislative
control’ Comment.
27) Explain the significance of doctrine of separation of powers. How has it affected
Administrative Law?
28) ‘Administrative law was emerged and developed across the world in quality and
quantity, and it appeared that rule of law and separation of powers had their own
impact upon it’ Comment
29) Institution of Ombudsman in India has been proved to be a futile exercise on the part
of Parliament and respective legislative assemblies. Do you agree?
30) The value of Public Corporations in India appears to be declined in the recent past due
to the World Trade. Do you support this view? Discuss and a critically analyse.
31) Administrative discretion is to be exercised for a public good and a reasonable or
rational manner. Comment.
32) The distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign functions has been disappeared
to hold the Govt. liable in tort. Examine and elaborate with the aid of appropriate
judicial decisions.
33) Administrative law is nothing but dilution of separation of powers theory, which
concentrates all the three powers viz., legislative, executive and judicial in the hands
of administration. Discuss nature and scope of Administrative Law.
34) Though there is a well-organized regular judicial system operation in India, parallel to
it quasi – Judicial system came to be developed. Explain.
35) ‘Duncan principle’ evolved by the House of lords though could be read in Indian legal
system, however the judiciary herein in India doesn’t follow it. Comment with
reference to appropriate cases.
36) Explain the Nature and scope of administrative law with the help of the definitions
given by well known American and British Scholars. Which is the most appropriate
definition according to you.
37) Discuss the principles of Natural justice with the help of relevant case law.
38) Discuss the constitution remedies available against administrative actions.
39) Explain the term rule of law. Elaborate its importance in the field of administrative
law.
40) State the grounds on which the petition of habeas corpus is allowed. Cite caselaws in
support of your answer.
41) Write a note on government control over public corporation of India.
42) Critically examine the Dicey’s thesis on rule of law. Explain the importance of rule of
law in a democratic state.

43) Short Notes:

1) Public corporation *
2) Parliamentary control of delegated legislation * *
3) Judicial control on administrative tribunals
4) Lokapal / Lokayukta
5) Commission of Inquiry *
6) Writ of Mandamus
7) Writ of certiorari and prohibition
8) Publication
9) Against whom writs can be claimed
10) Legitimate Expectation
11) Commission of Inquiry under Commission of Inquiry Act
1952
12) Suits against the government in contract
13) Public interest litigation
14) Doctrine of legitimate expectation
15) Sub-delegation
16) Central – Administrative Tribunal
17) Rule of law
18) Henry VIII clause
19) Ombuds man
20) Suits against the Govt. in contract
21) Governmental privilege not to produce documents
22) Payment of compensation in writ petitions.
23) Post decisional hearing
24) Administrative discretion
25) Kinds of writs
26) Court privileges in legal proceedings
27) Sub delegation
 1003 Company Law

1) The Memorandum of Association is the foundation on which the structure

of the company is based. Discuss.
2) Enumerate the Nature of Corporate form and discuss its advantages.
3) The Doctrine of Indoor Management had its genesis in the case Royal
British Bank v/s Turquand (1856) 119 ER 886. Explain the Doctrine with
the help of cases.
4) Explain the kinds of share capital and describe the procedure for effecting
transfer of shares.
5) What is the legal position of Director? Discuss the powers and duties of
the director.
6) The company is not dissolved immediately at eh commencement of
winding up. Its corporate status and power continue – discuss the law
relating to winding up.
7) What are the different types of meetings to be held by a company?
Discuss Annual and Extraordinary general meetings.
8) Explain the doctrine of lifting the veil of corporate personality with suitable
case laws?
9) Describe condition of relief under Sec 397 and Sec 398 of the Indian
Companies Act 1956
10) Explain the appointment, removal and the remuneration of an
Auditor of a Company.
11) What is a ‘Foreign Company’? What are the provisions of the
companies Act, 1956 regarding a foreign company wishing to establish a
place of business in India?
12) State the provisions of the companies Act relating to Board
Meetings. Who is authorized to call a Board Meeting?
13) Explain the role of the secretary under the Companies Act. What
are his duties and functions?
14) What are the different types of shares that a company can issue?
Can a company issue shares with differential voting rights?
15) Explain the terms ‘Oppression’ and ‘Mismanagement’
16) What is winding up? Explain the circumstances in which a company
can be wound up by Court.
17) What is an Extra-Ordinary general meeting? Who can requisition it?
What is the notice period?
18) What are the Charges that must be registered? What is the effect of
non-registration of charges?
19) What is the time Limit for registration of charges and by whom can
it be extended?
20) Discuss the provisions of the Companies Act, relating to buy back of
shares by a company.
21) Distinguish between a Private Limited Company and a Public
Limited Company. Explain the procedure for conversion of a Public Limited
Company into a Private limited Company.
22) ‘The Company under the Companies Act 1956 is an artificial person
in the eyes of law but not a citizen of the country’ Comment bringing out
the characteristics of a Company.
23) Explain the concept of Managing Director. What are the restrictions
imposed on the appointment and remuneration of a managing director?
24) Distinguish between ‘amalgamation’ and ‘reconstruction’ What is
meant by ‘amalgamation in Public interest’?
25) What do you understand by winding up of a company? What are the
various modes of winding up?
26) Discuss distinctions between a Company and a partnership. Explain
respective advantages of partnership and a Company.
27) Explain the term ‘Promoter’ of a company. State and explain his
legal position
28) State and explain the law relating to amendment of various clauses
of Memorandum of Association.
29) Explain qualification models to become a member of a Company.
Discuss modes of termination of such membership.
30) How share capital may be reduced and alter? Explain the relevant
law. Also explain voting rights relating to share capital
31) State and explain various kinds of debentures. Discuss legal
attributes of debentures.
32) Explain liabilities of directors. Discuss immunity from the liabilities.
33) ‘The Directors are not servants of the company or members of its
staff Discuss the position, powers, and duties of the directors.
34) ‘The Memorandum of Association is the foundation on which the
structure of the company is based’. Discuss
35) The company is not dissolved immediately at the commencement of
winding up. Its corporate status and power continue. Discuss the law
relating to winding up.
36) What are pre-incorporatin contracts? Explain rights and duties of a
company promoters.
37) Explain the kinds of share capital and describe the procedure for
effecting transfer of shares.
38) ‘An action outside the memorandum is ultravires the company’
Explain the Doctrine of ultravires with relevant case laws.
39) What is a holding and subsidiary company? What are the provisions
of the companies Act regarding such companies?
40) State the disqualification of directors. What are the circumstances
in which a director shall vacate his office?
41) What are equity shares? Can a company buy back its own shares?
42) Explain the terms’ compromise and arrangement’.
43) What are the borrowing powers of a company? What are the
limitations on the borrowing powers of a company?
44) Define ‘Company’ What are the different types of companies that
can be registered under the companies Act?
45) Distinguish between the following: a) Share certificate and share
warrant b) Transfer of shares and transmission of shares.
46) What is debenture? What are the remedies available to debenture
holders for realization of their security?
47) Define ‘Director’ what is his legal position? How is he appointed?
48) Distinguish between: a) Ordinary resolution and special resolution
b) Statutory meeting and general meeting.
49) ‘In a company all shareholders are members, but all members are
not shareholders’ Comment.
50) State and explain advantages of registration of a company.
51) Discuss liabilities as a result of misstatements in a Prospectus.
What is a statement in lien of a prospectus? Explain.
52) Explain the salient features of the Company Amendment Act, 2001
and 2002.
53) State and explain the law of majority rule and minority rights.
54) Explain the law of prospectus and the statement in lieu of the
prospectus.
55) What is the statutory meeting? What are statutory reports? Explain
the various kinds of meetings.

56) Comment on the following:

1) The certificate of incorporation alone is not sufficient to commence
business of company.
2) Directors of the company cannot borrow as much as they want.
3) Promoters Stand in fiduciary relationship with the company they
promote.
4) Members of a limited company may never have unlimited liability.
57) Short Notes
1) Company Secretary
2) Postal Ballot
3) Debenture Trust Deed
4) Minimum subscription *
5) Disclosure of Interest *
6) Foreign Company
7) Resolutions
8) Registrar of Companies
9) Fixed and Floating charges
10) Auditor
11) Liquidator
12) Inspectors to investigate affairs of a Company
13) Minority rule and Majority rights
14) Dividends
15) Buy Back of shares
16) Member
17) Ratification of pre-incorporation contract
18) Statement in lien of prospectus
19) Reserve capital
20) Allotment of shares
21) Legal nature of a share
22) Legal position of a director
23) Amalgamation
24) Just and equitable clause in case of winding up of a
company

25) Removal and disqualifications of a director

26) Extraordinary General Meeting.
27) Ultra vires
28) Indoor management
29) Corporate veil
30) Debentures and charges
31) Oppression and mismanagement
32) Promoters