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Punishment, and other international human rights laws and conventions (See Sec. 2 of
R.A. No. 10368).

[73] The claimants in the class suit and direct action plaintiffs in the Human Rights

Litigation Against the Estate of Ferdinand E. Marcos (MDL No. 840, CA No. 86-0390) in
the US Federal District Court of Honolulu, Hawaii wherein a favorable judgment has
been rendered, and the HRVVs recognized by the Bantayog Ng Mga Bayani Foundation
shall be extended the conclusive presumption that they are HRVVs. However, the
Human Rights Victims' Claims Board is not deprived of its original jurisdiction and its
inherent power to determine the extent of the human rights violations and the
corresponding reparation and/or recognition that may be granted (See Sec. 17 of R.A.
No. 10368).

[74] Sec. 4 of R.A. No. 10368.

[75] Sec. 5 of R.A. No. 10368.

[76] Sec. 26 of R.A. No. 10368.

[77] Id.

[78] Id.

[79] Sec. 27 of R.A. No. 10368.

[80] "Memorialization" refers to the preservation of the memory of the human rights

violations victims, objects, events and lessons learned during the Marcos regime. This
is part of the inherent obligation of the State to acknowledge the wrongs committed in
the past, to recognize the heroism and sacrifices of all Filipinos who were victims of
gross human rights violations during Martial Law, and to prevent the recurrence of
similar abuses. (Sec. 1 [j], Rule II, IRR of R.A. No. 10368).

[81] Sec. 1, Rule VII, IRR of R.A. No. 10368.

[82] Sec. 2, Rule VII, IRR of R.A. No. 10368.

[83] Sec. 3, Rule VII, IRR of R.A. No. 10368.

[84] Remman Enterprises, Inc., et al. v. Professional Regulatory Board of Real Estate

Service, et al., 726 Phil. 104, 118-119 (2014).

[85] Article 2

1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all
individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the
present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
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