I

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 Copy1·ight © 1969, 1971 by Anthony Dickins.
All rights 1·eserved under Pan American and
International Copy1·ight Conventio11s.

Published in Canada by General Publishing

Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, l)on Mills,
Toronto, Ontario.
Published in the United Kingdom by Constable
and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC 2.

This Dover edition, first published in 1971, is an

unabridged and cor1·ected republication of the second
edition as published by The Q Press, Richmond,
Surrey, England in 1969.

International Standard Book Nu11iber: 0-486-22687-5

I-4ibrary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-14]681

Manufactured in the United States of An1erica

•

Dover Publications, Inc.

180 Varick Street
New York, N. Y. 10014
 •

••• • •• ••• ••• • •• • •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 1

••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • ••

•
••• •• • • • • ••• 3

••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • • • • •• 5

1. ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• 7

2. ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • • • • •• •• • • •• 8

3. ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• 14

••• ••• ••• • •• ••• ••• ••• • • • • •• 21

5. • •,
'
• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• ••• • •• 30

• • • • • • • •• • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • ••• • •• •• • • • • • •• 34

••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 37

-
,, • •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• 38
'

'' ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • • • ••• ••• 38

'' C ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• 39

'

D One- over Construction Tas s ••• ••• 40

'' ••• ••• ••• ••• •••

'' •
E Other ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 49
• •
F t1pu at1ons ••• ••• ••
'' ••• • • •• •••

'' ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • I • ••• ••• ••• 51

ex of ames • • • • •• • • • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• 5

• •
rev1ations • • • • • • • •• • •• ••• • •• • •• ••• ••• ••• 0 I 0
•••

• • • • • • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• 55

1. I • • ••• 0 • I ••• ••• ••• ••• •••

2. ·ate ..• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• •••

3. Date's of Fai ess Review, otes ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• •••

4. Three Fai •••

This booklet is intended as a guide to all enquirers into the art of Fairy Chess, and it is hoped that those more
experie·nce·d in Fairy lore, as we•ll as the ne:wcomer, may benefit from th,is compressi,on into one small volume
of much that lies b·uried in the none too easily available pages of The Fairy . Chess Review and The Chess
Amateur.

All Fa·iry Chess experts and enthusi:asts alike must owe a great debt to T. R. Dawson for his ,inspiring work as
problemist and edito·r, and i:t ,is wo while recalli,ng here th·is extract from h·is first ·article o·n Fairy Che,ss in the
columns ,of The Chess Amateur, in Dec'ember 1918:
''Mr. Henry Tate, of Melbourne, first p.ro-p,o·se,d to use the name 'Fairy Chess' for all that immense range
of work whic·h stands outside, in some p·oint ·or other, the orthod,ox channels ,o.f Caissi,c ingenuity ... I recall
only one column devo:ted entirely to Chess puzzle·s-a sho,rt-lived page in The Chess Amateur so,me years ago.
Composers have had to issue their O·ccas ional unortho·d·ox no,tions in the mo·st haphazard way, here and there,
1

scattered in is olation, as a holiday season or a benevolent editor wo•uld suffer them. T'his lack, in my mind a
1

most unjustifiable lack, of a definite recognition has undoubtedly prejudiced the natural develo-pment of the
Fairy pro·blem. More than half the wo·rld's greatest compo,sers have publis.hed an occas·ion·al puzzle, but with
no incentive to continue such wo,rk their interest has been damped at the outse,t.
I ho·pe in future these ·pages will m,ake 'a first step to remove such an unnatural o,b,stacle to p,ro•gress."
T. R. DAWSON.
That was written nearly fifty years ·ago, but th'at first step of h:is ·ha:s certainly led ,a lo,ng way towards the
fulfilment of his hopes, and Fairy Chess to,day is beginning to be recogni·sed as a vital and legitimate branch
of the problemist's art, p·os·sessing b·oth a ·literature and a tradition ,of its own, ·as perhaps this bo,okle t may help
1
1

to show.

The continued demand for this book, no,w th,at the First Edition is out of print, has made ith is Se·cond E,di-tion
1

necessary. The op,p,ortu-nity has be·en ,taken to revise the text and diagram,s, removing m:any errors, and to bring
the infonnation up to date. Much recently p-ublished material has be·en incorporated, an;d there are 40 new
diagrams, ·including 14 new 're·cords', making a total o·f ne,aliy 250 diagrams.
It has been necess1ary to make the price more 'e!conom.ical', owing to devalua,tion and in.creased costs; bu·t
re,aders and purch·asers are reminde d that the First E,dition was sold well under cost price.
1 1

I wish to acknowledge here with gratiitude the kindness of the m1any corre,spondents all -over the wo,rld who
have infonned me o·f errors, mi,sprints, omrissi,ons, etc., in the First Edi,tion; -and I tru,s t th at all have now beein put
1 1

!'light.
A.S.M.D.
Easter, 1969.

N.B. -- e problems used for illu·stratio·n h,ave been selected no,t for their value as 'prize-winners' so much as for
their value as illustrations o·f the point under consideration. e s bo,l (S) i s u
1
for the Knight in algebraic
no,taition; elsewhere in the text the word Knight is u:sed.
 •

•
wit accept sym suggeste sym 1agran1s.

Leo Muslim Supernumerary General rposes

Normal Fa•nily Type and Combined
ALFIL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• A or
•• • •• ••• ••• • •••• • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • •• • •• • • • • • • • ••• •• • •• • • • • • • • •• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reflecting Bishop,
Archbishop, etc .
• • • •• •• •• • •••••

••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• or

PIE ••••• • •••• ••••••••• • ••••••••••• • • • • •••••••• etc.
' '
~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D or or
• • •• • • • • •• • •

••••• or
• • •• • •• • • •••••••••••••••••••••• • • • •••• For
• • •• • •• • • • ••••• • •• ••••••• • •••• •• •••• ••••••• • •• •••••• •••• • • ••• • • • • ••• ••• • • • • • • • • • Vertical Riders,
I Hoppers, etc.
- ••• • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • or
OPPER •••
•

• • •• •• • • •••••• •••••• ••••••••••••••••••• •••••• •••••••••• etc.

•

TOR • • •• • •• • • • •••• ••••••••••• ••••• ••••• ••••••••• •••••••• or

ER .......................................... . or
• • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • ••• • • •••• • • • ••• ••• •• • ••• •• • ••• •• • ••• ••• •• or
MProtean, Joker,
•••••••••••••••••• etc., Kings
ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~ . . . Angular, unnamed
Leapers, etc.
• • •• • • • • •• • • • • • • •••• • • • ••• •• ••••••• ••• ••••••••• • • • ••••••• • • ••• ••• • ••• • • ••• •• • ••• • ••• • • Lion, Orix,
Magnetic Queen,
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• etc .
• • • • • ••••• •• • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•• ••• •

• • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • •

•••••• •••••••••••••••••••••• • •• •• • • •••• •• • • • • ••• • •• •• • • • •

Neutral, Berolina,
••• ••• •
• • •• • • • • • • •
Reversible, etc .
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•
• • • • • •••••• ••••

• • • • • • • • •• • ••• • • • •

• ••• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Lateral Riders,

Hoppers, etc .
• ••• • •• • ••• ••••

• • • • • • • • f • • e • I e • I e • • • • • • e • e • e I I • I I I e I I
or
Diagonal Riders,
• • •• •• • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •••• • •• • • • • • • •• • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Hoppers, etc .
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

- •••••• • • •• • • • • ••• • • • • •• •••• •• ••• ••• or or

•

- • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • ••• •• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • etc.

.............................. - .... ~ or
 '

· With the exception of the Capital Letters for the Muslim-type pieces, this is approximately the system used
by many editors and composers today. Agreement is universal about the first column, although a few have still
not ~dopted the E for the Equihopper on the diagram. It is suggested here that the next three columns should
also become fixed, established forms, leaving the fifth column (General rposes) as s bols available for any
special use required, such as Neutral men, Royal men, unnamed Leapers, Riders and Hoppers, etc., etc. There are
twelve symbols in this column, available for such special uses, at least one of each kind.
The left-facing symbols i11 the second column should be reserved on'ly for the Leo f·amily, and t-h·e Cap.ital
Letters express the Muslim-type pieces. (including the Trizebra, with its N-shaped movement) quite satisfactorily.
Combined Pieces are best expressed by combined Capital Letters, with different connecting strokes to distinguish·
the Hunters from the X-movers/Y-capturers; and no connecting stroke at all for the true combined piece, such as
Terror (QS) or Princess (BS).
Supernumerary Pieces should have Supernumerary s bols. (The large black dot for the Imitator is already
in use; the other two are suggested here for the first time.)
On a diagram littered with many Fairy Pieces of different kinds some borrowing of symbols will always be
needed-but it is strongly urged that, as far as is possible, when diagram conditions allow it, the above usage
should be adhered to by con1posers and editors, in order to prevent further increase of confusing duplication.

'

N.B.-Printers cannot nor111ally print any symbols other than Chess symbols on black squares; but composers
and editors can often assist each other in this by reflecting, or otherwise altering, the position so that Equihoppers,
Imitators, Hunters, Combined Pieces, etc., appear on white squares.
Syn1bols of any kind can be reproduced on black squares by using a 'block', which is rather more expe11si,1e
than nor1nal printing.
In most instances in this booklet I have rep1·oduced the exact symbol used by the editor in the original publica-
tion of each position or in some subseqtient reproduction of the position .

•
'I'his flourishing periodical, founded in November 1949, the month of
T. R. Dawson's Diamond Jubilee, has been since 1958 the only one in the
world devoted entirely to Fairy Chess of all varieties. See page 52 for
the address.

,,
•

86 Route de Lon
54 Mont St. Martin
France
'is annexe to the French m'agaz'ine Probleme first appeared in M·arch 1968. It deals
exclusively with Fairy Chess, but specialises ·in direct-mate·s (rather than Helpmates or
Self-mates, altho•ugh it does not exclude these), 'in the be·lief, expresse·d in the first issue,
that ,as the orthodox dir -mate two-mover is slowly exhausting •itself, the future may I,ie
with ;the Fairy direct-ma.te two-m,over. There have been four issues to date :
cc Les Pieces Feeriques I''-March 1968 ... ... Probleme 39
cc Les Pieces Feeriques 11''-May 1968 . .. ... Probleme 41
'' Le Grid-Chess, etc. ''-September 1968 ... ... Probleme 45
,c Le M,a.t Inve·rse ''-November 1968 . . . ... .. . Probleme 48
 •

I have to thank Dr. K L FABEL and Herr WILHELM KARSCII for

their advice on the English-German Glossary; Mr. T. H. vVILLCOCI<S for
1
his assistance in the ' Last Move ? ' Problems and the Knight ·s Tours;
Messrs. JOI-IN M. RICE and TOM MARLOW for their help with the proof-
reading; and Mr. W. CROSS for his unfailing patience and guidance over
the whole field of Fairy Chess during the past eighteen months.

/
•

•

• what might be called ' national ' or ' domestic ' forms of
Since its origin ·in India about 600 A.D., ,the Game of
Chess has gradually evolved by a series of ' mutations ',
or leaps forward, that have occurred at long intervals
of time. o pieces, the Rook (or Castle) and the
Knight still retain their original exact movements, and
chec ate is still the same, after nearly 1500 years; but
all the other chessmen, and many of the ' laws ' of the
game, have undergone changes.
1'hese changes have come about principally when the
game has been taken up by new cultures for the first
time. Hence the different varieties of Chess that are
found in Europe, India, Burma, Siam, China, Japan and
the Malay lands.
After the game had reached Europe, probably by
way of Muslim influence in Spain and Southern Italy,
some important changes took place, starting in the 12th
or 13th centuries. The powers of the Shah (King), Fers
(Minister, our modern Queen) and Baidaq (Pawn) were
extended from a single-step leap to a double-step leap
on the first move. At first these new movements were
unorthodox, or ,vhat we should call ' fairy ' moves; but
as time went on they were incorporated into the
orthodox game. A small selection of Muslim and
Mediaeval chess problems is given at Appendix A,
all between 500 and 1000 years old, some of which use
strikingly 'modern' fairy forn1s, such as Fileriders, Self-
mate, Series-mover, Double-move chessmen, etc.
The next important advance was made just at the
end of the 15th century. Two pieces, the Fers (Queen)
and the Alfil (Bishop) had their moves extended. The
Fers had been limited to a single step to the four
diagonals, but this move was now extended along the
diagonals as far as the edge of the board, an ortho-
gonal movement being granted at the same time, to
make the movement of our modern Queen. At first this
new piece was called the ' Mad ' or ' Furious ' Queen
(in French, esches de la dame enragee, in Italian,
scacchi alla rabiosa). The Alfi.I, which had been limited
to a double-step leap along the four diagonals, was now
granted an extended glide along these diagonals as
far as the board's edge, just like our modern Bisho-p.
This new piece was at first called by some name sig-
nifying an ' adviser ' to the King. In the Germanic
languages a term meaning ' Sage ' or ' Old Man ' was
generally adopted, but the Germans later called the
piece the ' Runner ' (Laufer), possibly from the
'Courier' (Runner), described later in this section
under the Courier Game. In Icelandic and English the
name 'Bishop ' was adopted; but in the French and
Proven~al languages it was called ' Fol ' or ' Fou ',
meaning Jester, Joker or Buffoon.*
The greater interest and mobility of the newer form
of the game, with the Jester to accompany the Mad
Queen in her wild careering over the board, seems to
have caused the disappearance of the old orthodox
form within as short a space of time as one generation,
although the old form doubtless survived locally in
certain districts and in certain strata of society.
Since about 1500 A.D. the rules of the game have
been more or less unifor1n throughout Europe, apart
from local differences for Castling, Pawn-Promotion,
Stalemate and en passant captures. The establishment
in 1924 of the Federation Internationale des Echecs
(FIDE) has now ironed out these irregularities by
mutual international agreement, for all international
tournaments and for most national organisations and
•
*Note H. J. R. Murray in A History of Chess (p.426, note 29)
says that no historical evidence has been found to indicate that the
French word 'Foo' was a popular corruption of the Arabic 'Fil'
(meaning Elephant).
7 Seven
chess clubs. Nevertheless, there still continue to exist
chess, with varying traditional rules, played privately
or unofficially, which 110w fall within the definition of
unorthodox or ' fairy ' chess.
The chess player's (and chess problemist's) inventive-
ness is by nature always active in discovering new
ideas, and the last 100 years or so have seen an intense
activity in this respect. Experiments have been made
with the shape and size of the board, with new pieces
having new, previously unheard of, movements, and
with the rules of the game or play. It is well known
that Capablanca, and other great players, became dis-
satisfied with the limitations of the game, considering
that it had been ' played out '. They experimented with
larger-sized boards (10 x 10) with additional pieces (see
J. Boyer's Nouveaux Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes).
But it has been among the problemists that the most
far-reaching experiments have been made. The climax
of this experimental activity was reached, in the 20th
century, during the lifetime of the great problem-
composer and edito·r, T. R. Dawson (1889-1951), and
very largely as a result of his personal influence and
example. Besides editing end-game an problem
columns in The Chess Amateur, L'Eco d gli Scacchi,
and The Braille Chess Monthly, he also edited The
Problemist from October, 1922 to 1931, andl the problem
pages of the British Chess Magazine from 1931 to 1951,
and was President of the British Chess Problem Socie·ty
from 1931 to 1943. He founded and edited the Problem
ist Fairy Supplement from 1930 to 1936 and continued
this alone as The Fairy Chess Review from August,
1936, until his death in December, 1951, a magazine
that attracted a large following of keen solvers and
composers, known as 'The Fairy Ring'. The tremend-
ous impetus he gave to Fairy Chess enabled Messrs.
Nixon and Kemp to keep the magazine alive for 6½
years after Dawson's death until April, 1958, when it
came to an end after printing its 10,970th problem.
Apart from this immense burden of editorial work,
T. R. Dawson somehow found the time to compose over
6,000 problems and to write six reference works on
Fairy Chess.
This outburst of activity in the forty ·years between
1918 and 1958 made so much impact that ' Fairy Chess '
has now become recognised by the FIDE Problem
Sec·tion as ' Heterodox ', ·as opposed to ' Orthodox
Chess ', and the Codex drawn up after the International
Congress of Problemists at Piran, Jugo-Slavia, under
the auspices of FIDE, in 1958, includes a set of n1les
to cover most types of Heterodox composition. The
main relevant portions of this Codex are given in
Appendix C.
Two ' Fairy ' pieces have now become recognised_as
customary among problemists, the Grasshopper ( )
and the Nightrider ( \ .. ) . But the innovations have not
been confined to new pieces; the shape, size and pro-
perties of the chess-board have also been the subjects
of countless experiments, and the Vertical Cylinder
chess-board is now recognised as customary. The ortho-
dox stipulation to a problem, ' ite must mate Black
in n moves ' has also been supplemented by many other
demands, two of which, the Selfmate and the Help-
mate, are now regarded as practically ' orthodox '. The
Maximummer, invented by T. R. Dawson, is now recog-
nised as customary.
In the period of Muslim Chess (750-1500 A.D.) many
experiments in new forms of Chess were made, such as
Oblong Chess, Decimal Chess, Circular . Chess, Astro-
nomical Chess and Limb Chess, some of which are
described in H. J. R. Murray's A History of Chess and
in J. Boyer's books. A fa111ous variety was the so-called
'Great Chess' or 'Complete Chess', played on a board Chess Amateur
11 x 10, said to have been the favourite game of the 2 408 Oct. 1923
great Mongol Emperor, Timur (1336-1405), or Tambur- 1 The Grasshopper C. Stockman
laine. In addition to the ordinary chessmen this game
included a Wazir, two Dabbabas, two Talias (scouts), ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ Wf~
%~~ ~~ ~
~1/,_,
~0
1/,//'l.
1/,,,,@, %'.½~~ './~/. ✓.', ,¼ ~~
two Camels and two Giraffes. The Wazir, Camel and 1/~ /1/,~;,:.

Giraffe moved exactly as our modern ones do. Other ~ -~ ?½1/./'! , ; ; ~ / 1/.
~fi
%';@.
~ /~
,,
0
~
,, ; I '-'yl'..,;
:-.t ·1,:-
, ".:·
/
,,
~~
,;-
~
,,
•
·
Fairy Pieces used in games derived from Great Chess ,,,./ ~~ ~/ / ,· 0 ,A ;,;~», ..l.t.. f», z' ~/.-¾ 0
( one of \Vhich used a board of 12 x 12 squares with
32 pieces on each side) were the Lion, Bull, Sentinel, •• .,,.·% ~;z~ /,, .. ,'/, ,.,,/,//,, i ½ ~JJ ~,
Crocodile, Paymaster (Bishop + Knight), Prince ~ ~-~ ~ ~½ t ~ ~ ~
~
1/,~ ,;' ._,

~~00 r -½ ~ ,~ _:· , ., ~ r,,~

(Queen + Knight), Chief of Police, Rhinoceros, Gazelle 1///~~~
,, 1/~ -~ ·. 1/,:,,~.

and other kinds of combined pieces. /0% ~~:~ ~ ~

.,%,/, . ,,,,,,,~ 1/,,,,1/.,1/, ·, ,'/./,

~~ ~ ~
$~ /~~1/// ~;~ ,.,~
~1/.
%~ ,,~ ~ ,-,,:_~
THE COURIER GAJ.\,IE
-.. ,:-.:~/~ j",~:;::-¾ /~,;,;« ✓%½~ (q!~ ~,1 g .@
i =Grasshopper
WG has three moves
'
Gxf5 or Gal+ or Ga8
To the second. Black can
reply: Pd3, removing
the check, or Kf6, f4, e4,
d5, d6, or e6.

The LOCUST is derived frQm the Grasshopper, but

•
1,r--'
C --- Cot1rier M Man = Alfi!
One of the most interesting of the early Europea11
n1odifications of the game, mentioned in 1202, was
called The Cot1rier Game. The Courier moved precisely
like our modern Bishop; the Sneak was the equivalent
of our Wazir; the Man could move to any adjacent
square, lilre a King. This game apears to have origin-
,
ated in Germany, whe1·e it had an exceptionally long
life for an enlarged variety of Chess, only becoming
obsolete in the village of Strobeck, its last home,
it must hop over an adverse man to the square next
beyond that man, and it captures the adverse man on
the move. The square it lands on m_ust be empty. With
a Locust at a5 in No. 1 above, it would have one avail-
able move·-to a8, capturing the Black Pawn at a7. If
there were a Black King at a7 it would be in check
from the Locust, and could move out of check only to
a8, b8 or b7. The Black Pawn at f5 ,vould be 'pinned'
by the Locust, because if the Pawn were to move it
would leave the Black King at e5 in check from the
Locust.
The LION, another derivative from the Grasshopper,
must hop over one man of either colour to move or
capture, but it may land on any square on the line
beyond that man.
We next meet the NIGHTRIDER (N) ( \l k"), which 1

towards the beginning of the 19th century. For 300 moves with multiple Knight leaps always in the same
years, the ref ore, the Courier and the F,il existed line as the first leap until it is stopped by a block or
together in Europe until, just before 1500, the greater by the edge of the board. No. 3 sho\vs its movement.
power and interest of the Courier ( our modern Bishop)
displaced the Fil altogether from the orthodox game. Chess Amateur
4 887 Aug. 1926
The p1.. esent century has seen the invention of more 3 The Nightrider (N) T. R, Dawson
11ew forms in European Chess than ever before, especi-
ally in the Problem. Many of these will no doubt vanish ~~ ~~ ~~ ~,

into limbo; but some of the sturdier ones may have a % 7,-½ 1/, 'l/.1/, :0-%?:✓ •1//, -W~
long life and, who knows, find their way in due course - : ~1/, • 11~ /1/,/% :, ~
;;1',,,✓,~
/
:0~ 11//, .✓, .:W
',,?'.,,/:q, w ~
~-1/~/,
on to the orthodox chess-board. Some clubs and
soci.eties will no doubt be horrified at the idea of a
future ,vorld championship being fought out between : ;;.~//'.-~ ~ ,1/, .½ ~1/1/, ~f~
two contestants using Grasshoppers instead of Queens. / /, ,~~~ i ~ ~.~ ~~
~ ,, 1 , A ~ ~~ ~~ / ~,, 0 ~
But ,vho can really tell what the future may have in
store?

I :ij_;,J :..~ ~ ~
• %,/,-,·~ ~ ~ ~ I .ii!w:'.,✓, , ..••• , ~-1//,~ .'.,::-:-Jti,

We will first meet the GRASSHOPPER (G), ( · ), 2¥= Nightrider

which moves and captures on Queen lines by hopping = Nightrider •
The first N was by T.R.D.
over the first man of either colour standing on one of Nal-cc2 or e3 or g4 or · in Die Schwalbe, Feb.,
those lines to the square next beyond that man. This, Nal-b3 or c5 o,r xd7 + 1925.
the commonest and most familiar of the Fairy Pieces,
was invented by T. R. Dawson at the end of 1912, the Now we meet a Leaper, the third basic type of
first G Pro,blem being published in the Cheltenham Chessman, and an old friend, the KNIGHT, with leaps
Examiner, 3rd July 1913. The firs·t G Totirney was in , to a square lying at a distance from its depar-
the Chess Amateur in 1925. The piece was derived from ture square expressed mathematically by the co-
the Chine·se 'Cannon' (FCR 4/5/p. 82/Pap,er 55). Some ordinates 1-2 or 2-1, i.e. one lateral and two vertical
th,ousands of pro,blems u,sing Grasshoppers h·ave been squares, or two lateral and one vertical. These
published. co-ordinates express the positions of its departure and
Eight 8
arrival squares and have nothing to do with its path 9 2nd & 3rd-Step 10 1st, 2nd and 3rd-Step
of movement. It moves direct from one square to the Riders Hoppers
other, as if they were adjacent. None of the apers . ~ ~

moves along a 'line' or path that is defined on the ~ ~~

surface of the board, so a check from a Leaper can ~
Q"/2
,,,
.• , ,
1/
, W/2 ////, -'';
~ ~ ~ {//,w-
__ .,~
never be removed by interposing a man, as there is no I.: ~- ~~ ~
,0 ~
' line ' of action on which to :interpose. ~ ~
~~ ~~
Leapers ' leap ', rather like a helicopter.

•
THE MOVE NTS OF APERS, RIDERS
AND HOPPERS ~~
'/r✓, ~
~~
,✓.,, ~ ,. ,
'X
.,;,'-;;

~ ~
~ z
\Ve will now examine in detail the system on which ~
all these movements are built up, considering the N = Nightrider NH- Nightriderhopper
movements of various pieces from square al. AR= Alfil-rider · over c5
CR=:_Camelrider AH - Alfil-riderho-pper
5 6 1st-Step DR· Dabbabarider over e5
Riders CH= Camelriderhopper
~ ~
In Nos. 9 and 10 the over d2
2nd 3rd pieces play from DH= Dabbaba-ride·r-
1st 2nd al. hopper over el
RH - Rookhopper over
1st a4
~,,~ ~
BH = Bishopper over b2
~
1st 2nd Q////;, ~
Steps
1st 2nd 3rd RIDERS (see diagram 9)
Any Leaper may be granted the power of extending
7 The 8 2nd ,and its first leap in the same direction by taking further
Knight 3rd-Step leaps along a 'riding-line', which makes it a 'Rider'.
a2nd- Leapers . A Dabbaba-rider's lateral movement from al would
Step take -it to cl, el, o,r gl, quite regardle,ss o.f wh,ether or
Leaper 3rd not any men were occupying the squares bl, dl or fl.
These squares do not concern the Dabbaba-rider, for
~ ~ 2nd D it has no po-wer of sto pping on them. The Nigh·trider
2nd 1

(see No,s. 3 and 9) has already been explained. The

1st ~~x 1st CAMELRIDER (see No. 9) moves similarly to the
. ,
, , ~
Nightrider, but on a riding-line built up of 3rd-step
leaps. On an 8 x 8 board a Nightrider has room for
I-st 2nd 1st 2nd 3rd three leaps in its ride, but the Camelrider has room
Steps A=Alfil C=Camel for only two leaps. An ALFIL-RIDER would ride
D= Dabbaba S=Knight through every second square on a diagonal, irrespec-
(see also No. 15) tive of whether the intervening squares were occupied
or not.
No. 5 shows the moves from al of two leapers, RIDING-LINES
WAZIR (0-1) and RS (1-1), both Muslim Chessmen,
one an orthogonal, the other a diagonal single-step. A Riding-line is an imaginary line joining the centres
These are the basic two movements from which all the of those squares at which a chessman with a defined
others are derived. The Orthodox King has both these power of leaping may legally stop during a ride. The
movements available; it is a Wazir + Fers, with Royal riding-lines that are neither orthogonal nor diagonal
powers. (i.e. Knight, Camel, etc.) will be called here ANGULAR
LINES. When drawn on paper (or on the surface of
No. 6 shows what happens when we grant to the the board) to assist visualisation the riding-lines cro-ss
1
chessman at al the power of continuing its move by other squares, missing the centres in the case of the
' riding ' along a line of such leaps, always in the same Angular Lines, or passing through the centres in the
direction as the first leap. This gives the Orthodox case of Orthogonal or Diagonal Lines. It is important
Queen, Rook and Bishop. to keep in mind that the squares that are not legal
A Rook i s ·a WazJir-rider, a a· · iop ·a Feis-rider ;ailid a
1 stopping squares for the riding man, together with
Queen is a King-rider, or (Wazir + Fers)-rider. any chessmen that may be occupying those squares,
have no effect on the moving chessman or its move-
No. 7 shows the Knight, the first of the 2nd-step ment.
leapers, whose move has been explained above. Other
Leapers ' leap ' in exactly the same way as the Knight HOPPERS (see diagram 10)
direct to their respective arrival squares, with.out
•

regard to any other square(s).
No. 8 shows the two other 2nd-step Leapers,
D B A (0-2) and ALFIL (2-2), and one 3rd-step
Leaper, the CA L (1-3), all derived from Muslim
Chess. Named apers to 4th, 5th and higher steps
al·so exi,st, and will be examined :later. The Dictionnaire
des Echecs stateis, wro;ngly, that the m·odern Alfil must
leap over an empty :inte·rvening :square.
9 Nine
A Hopper is a Rider on whose riding-line one (or
sometimes more) of the squares lying on the nearside
of the arrival square must be occupied by a man of
either colour, over which the Hopper can h·op. It is a
•
modern invention, by T. R. Dawson, who took it from
Chinese Chess, with modifications. It must have a
riding-line of a minimum length of at least two leaps,
since there must be an arrival square and one occupied
square on its riding-line, the occupied square being
 '

usually the last one before the arrival square. e 12 Evening News
D B A-RIDERHOPPER in No. 10 leaps to cl and 11 Ideal Mates Oct., 1956
447-1966 E. Albert A. S. M. Dickins
then hops over the ite King at el to arrive at gl.
It entirely disregards the Black Bishop at dl, as the ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
.. ~~ V,~ ~ ~
square dl is not on its riding-line. •
The hopping move is not unknown in orthodo_x chess ---
- according to the Laws of Chess, FIDE 1955, when ~ 7,~ ~
castling .the King is first moved to the nearest square ~ .. ~ ~.
161
of the same colour on the same rank, and then the . . • ~/4 ~
Rook ' hops ' over the King to the next square beyond
the King, exactly like a Rookhopper. ~~.,,,,. ~~ ~~ ~~-
The 2nd-step angular hop of the GHTRIDER• ,
HOPPER and the 3rd-step angular hop of the CAMF!L- fW,, -~ ~ ~~;.;,_,V.- · -~ 7, 1/. ~

RIDERHOPPER are shown in No. 10, along with the

2nd-step orthogonal and diagonal hops of the Dabbaba- (Two solutions)
riderhopper and ALFIL-RIDE OPPER, the 1st-step e Helpmate is. recognised by the Piran Codex as a
orthogonal hop of the ROO OPPER and the 1st-step ' basic ' type of Heterodox problem, and there are many
diagonal hop of the BISHOPPER; all from al. Each varieties of the stipulation, such as HELP-STA ,
piece mentioned in No. 10 has only one hop available HELP-DO STA . , HELP-COMPEL [in
from al. A ite Rookhopper at al cannot hop over which ite plays first and Black co-operates with him
until the final move, when ite compels a reluctant
dl to el, because el is blocked-and it cannot hop Black to mate him ( ite)], one of which is the
over el to fl, because its approach to el is blocked by SERIES HELP (H.S.4; C.P.238; FCR 6/11/p78/
the Bishop. A Black Rookhopper at al chec.ks the Paper 109; FCR 7/2/p.102/Paper 121; FCR 8/18/p.140/
ite King. The colour of the Bishop at dl is quite Paper 197). In t.his form, Black plays n moves consecu-
tively ( ite not moving) so that · ite can then mate
immaterial to any of these moves. him (Black) on the move. It belongs to a type of prob-
lem, the SERIES MO R, that goes back to the Middle
THE BEL Ages at least (see No. 3 in Appendix A). T. R. Dawson
We have now examined the Leapers, Riders and helped to revive it in modern times. A special feature
Hoppers in order to understand their basic moyements. of this form is the encirclement of some ite piece,
such as a Rook, by the Black King, using a Black piece
Some of the specimens, such as AJ,F RIDERHOPPER to interpose as a shield as it works its way round. This
or DABBABA-RIDERHOPPER are very seldom, if ever, has not yet been achieved in miniature form. Nos. 13
used in practice, but have been included in order to and 14 show two fine . examples, both using an
cover the whole range of possible chessmen. ' excelsior , (a pawn promoting from its initial position).
'
The Series idea can be used in many connections (see
Before examining any more of the Fairy Pieces we FCR 9/4/p.30/ e Series Mover, by D. Nixon), such as
shall now turn our attention to two forms of stipulation SERI.ES MATE, SERIES-STA MA , SERIES-HELP-
that differ from the normal ' White to play and mate STA and so on. (See No. 25 for a Series Mate.)
Black in n moves'. These are the Helpmate and the
Series Helpmate, both of which have derivative or ded. to Chr. Jo,nsson
ded. to Th. Steudel 14 H. M. -mmer
connected subsidiary forms. 13 H. M. Lommer Stella Polaris
HELPMATE (L.J.85; H.S.4; C.P.237). Invented by Max 1967 Original June 1967
Lange in 1854. ~ ~ ~ .'//, ~~ ~ ~ .
In a Helpmate Black plays first and co-operates with
ite to find the one sequence of moves that leads to
~~
his (Black's) being mated by ite. The convention W/,
fo·r mack to pl ay first was used by Sam Loyd in 1860,
1
% ~ 1/,0
but uncertainty about it continued until the 1930s. . ~

Strictly, there should be onlr one sequence of moves, ~ '10~~ ~~ ~- ~

but variation play has been introduced nowadays. en
there is more than o-ne solution, it is desirable that the
variations should be thematically related (C.P.). On ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
.

-~ .~ .. , -~
the mating move the dual promotion to Queen or Rook,
Queen or Bishop, is allowed in the strict form, as in Series Helpmate in 22 SH -16
the variation form, according to the Piran Codex. e
Some of the examples from here onwards will use
Helpmate is particularly adaptable to the Ideal Mate, the form of Helpmate or Series Helpmate in order to
a Model Mate in which every man on the board (includ- accustom the reader with little experience to using
ing ite King and Pawns) is used in the mating these stipulations with the Fairy Pieces, in addition to
position, the ite men to guard and the Black men the ordinary direct-mate forin.
to block the Black King's flight-squares. Nos. 11 and 12 '
We shall now turn to the Fairy Pieces again, and
show simple examples, the first ending in an Ideal examine some other apers, Riders ·and Hoppers not
Mate, the second in a Model Mate of a slightly un- previously dealt with, and also meet some entirely new
•
common kind. pieces.

Ten '

18
 APERS (see diagram No. 15) 17 John M. Rice 18 John Driver
BCM 9688 BCM p.63
These are- the GIRAF (1-4), the ZEBRA (2-3) and Apr. 1966
two modern mathematically-named pieces, based on Feb. 1966
square roots, the FIVELE . ER (0-5, 3-4) and the ~ ~ ~
RO -50- APER (1-7, 5-5). These last two are the ~ ,,.
only ones tha t have a double-pattern movement, taking
1
''·'
~~ ~~
each of them to two different step-lengths. From al the ,¼! . --~ . %

Fiveleaper has four available moves, to a6 and fl (5th- '

•
'
.

step leaps) or to d5 and e4 (4th-step leaps), all of '

~~ ,
le h \/'25 units; while the Root-50-leaper has three ~·
moves from al, to b8 and h2 (7th-step leaps) or to f6 ,,, ~

(5th-step leap), all of length v 50 units (see table in ~· ,,,, A ~/2 ~ ~ ~

~ ~~
Appendix B (i) for these lengths). ~
7,~
'
' ,,,,,
''
7.,

'

16 A. H. Kniest -~ ~ . =~~-- ~ ~ ~
......__
7._
Feenschach 7954 I

15 The Named apers Nov. 1966 Series Reflecting · E•dgehogs

~5 Bishops . c7, d2, f5,
~ ~ ~
1/, ~ ~ '~
e last of the Riders to be mentioned here is the
0, a popular piece with a Chinese ancestry. It is
¼ ,%
,1/.,~
a Rider over a finite, bent line of two ste·ps only, which
take the Mao to squares that a Knight could reach.
¼ The first step must be orthogonal, the second diagonal,
~ - ,/, ~ ~,'/; ~
with inte,rf·erence ,and pinning p·ropertie·s. -
@,
~ ~ ~
~ • 11/, ~ ~
w 1/, ~ ~ .,,,.,, ~ ~ ~ ~ ER HOPPERS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Helpstalemate in 3 E LEO FAMILY
Steps moves So far all the Hoppers mentioned (except the Lion)
W Wazir =Root-50-Leaper
F=Fers have been co ned to a hop to the square next beyond
D=Dabbaba (Black pl•ays firs.t and the ·occupied square on their riding-lines. Now we meet
S Knight helps ite) a small family of pieces that must hop in order to
A=Alfil capture over one man of either colour to any square
C= Camel
Z=Zebra beyond that man on the same line; but when not
G=Giraffe capturing, -they move on ·their norn1al designated lines.
5=Fiveleaper The LEO moves like a Queen, the PAO moves like a
✓ 50 -Root-SO-Leaper Rook and the VAO moves like a Bishop. They were
' '

introduced by T. R. Dawson from Chinese Chess, prob-

OTHER RIDERS ably before 1914.
The GIRAFFERIDER and the ZEBRARIDER have The Mao, although it has a quite different movement,
extended Giraffe and Zebra leaps, the first only being is generally regarded as a member of this family, which
possible o·n a board larger than an 8 x 8, while the is usu·ally milsc·alled the Pao/Mao f a'mily.
· -RIDER and FI RIDER have a Rook's movement
limited respectively to one rank or file. No. 4 in This family is treated in FCR 3/7 /p.70/Paper 9 and
Appendix A shows a problem over 500 years old using in FCR 6/6 to 11/Paper 102. For problems with Pao,
two Fileriders.
Mao and Vao, see No. 1410 in FIDE Rl and No. 19 below.
The DE.l\lIBISHOP is the episcopal equivalent of the
Rankrider or F,ilerider, being limited to only one 19 Z. Mach
diagonal, which must be defined-Demi-bishop NE-SW 20 John Driver
from d3 to bl or h7; Demi-bishop NW-SE from d3 to fl F.C.R. 6949 Feenschach 8015
Oct. 1946 Dec. 1966
or a6. The ARCHBISHOP reflects off one edge of the
· board like a billiard-ball off a side-cushion, while the ~ ~ ~ //.; ~ ~ ~
GRA BISHOP has the same movement as a Bishop s:
" ~ z
~
would have on a Vertical Cylinder (q.v.). A CYCLIC ' ~
:--.
~ ~
~.A~
BISHOP (see Cyclic Pieces, Appendix E) also has the
. ~
same movement as a Bishop on a Vertical Cylinder. The
FLECTING BISHOP reflects off all edges of the 0~~
-- . ' '

board, but the reflection may not be endless and must w ~

come to a definite stop (see No. 17). ~
~
%:,,,
~.
~
@.
..a..
~~
,,, ' .A
A recently invented Rider is the EDGEHOG ( ),
first published by its inventor, John Driver, in the
~~ , ,~~ ~~ ,,~
Britis.h Chess Magazine, Feb. 1966, page 63. It captures, ~
moves and checks like a Queen, but only from or to a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
square on the edge of the board. It was invented to fit H '- ( a) Diagram.
the name (Ge1·n1an, Das Randschwein). No. 18 was the (b) Neutral Pawn e7
first published Edgehog problem.
11
Eleven
O'ta • Ell HOPPERS ( cont.)
e NIGH OPPER is not a Knighthopper (which
would be an impossible chessman) but a Nightrider-
hopper limited to arriving at the second leap of its
riding-line. The RANKHOPPER and F,I HOPPER are
Rookhoppers confined respectively to one rank or file.
Other Hoppers can be built up from all Leapers, but
only after first turning them into Ridersi-ZEBRA-
RIDERHOPPER, GIRAFFERIDERHOPPER, FIVERIDER-
BOPPER, ROOT-50-RIDERHOPPER, UNICORNHOPPER,
or BALLOONHOPPER, etc. (For the last two, see Space
Chess, in Section II.)
ere is one Hopper that is not derived from any
one Leaper or Rider, the EQUIHOPPER (E), invented
by G. Leathern (FCR 3/13/Paper 26), which hops over
one man of either c,olo·ur to a square beyond tha,t man
so that that man is the mid-point of a line joining the
centres of the initial and final squares of the Equi-
hopper's move. In other words, it can hop over any
man on the board, but its approach route to the hopped
man must have the same co-ordinates as the route from
the hopped man to its arrival square. On an 8 x 8
board ·it c·a:r1 , bl,ocked ·on either l'!OUite o-nlly 10n
orthogonal or diagonal lines, but ·on boards fro·m 9 x 9
upwards, it may also be blocked on angular lines. In
No. 21 the White Equihopper at al has five available
moves: over a2 to a3, over c2 to e3, over c4 to e7, over
d2 to g3, or over b2 to capture c3. It cannot hop over
a4 or c3, as its approaches to these are blocked. The
Equihopper can never change the colour of its squares
and from its initial square there are always 48 squares
on an 8 x 8 board that it can never visit. But it can
produce some very unexpected mates,- a6, WR b7;
Bl.K e8, Bl.Q d8, Bl.B f8.- then ite plays R c7 mate
(taking the Rook does not relieve the check).
22 Probleemblad
21 The Equihopper Nov. 1967
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~
0 ~.,,,, ,/. ~~
1/, , ,,
~
•
; ~ ~
~ 1//,~
.·~
j Y. ~ 1/,
~ . % or Black man, like a kind of • shadow ', and if in
. ~ ~ / ,,,:;, ~W,
H~3 W. Equihopper e4
=Grasshoppers e3, gl
FAIRY P S (J. Boyer, N.J. p.74; H. Stapff, p.19).
e BEROLINA PAWN (Berlin Pawn), invented by
E. Neberin,ann in 1926, moves diag;o:nally ib,u,t cap,ture·s
orthogonally, both forwards (c2-b3 or a4; or c2 x c3).
It may capture .ano,ther Berolina Pawn, en passant, and
it promotes normally on reach:ing the pro•m 0'.tion rank
of the board.
e DUM or MO SS PAWN may neither move
nor capture, but may be captured.
e PAWN is a pawn that has reached its
promotion rank, under the now out-of-date conventions
of pawn-promotion only to a lost piece, before any
piece has been captured. The pawn must remain
' latent ', or waiting, on that rank until a piece is cap-
tured fore lt can promote to the value of that
T ve
captured piece. It may be capturable or not during this
Waiiting period (·see aiJ.;so C.A 1>ET and IIY 1>Rft...).
The NEUTRAL PAWN may be regarded by each
player on his turn to play as being of either colour, as
he wishes. See Neutrality, under Special Powers, for a
full explanation, and No. 20 for a proble1n with a
Neutral Pawn.
The PROTEAN PA (or Promotable Pawn),
invented by T. R. Dawson, FCR 4/5/p.82/Paper 55, may,
but is not compelled to, assume the rank of any piece
it captures.
e RETREAT PAWN plays between the 2nd
and 8th ranks of the board (for ite) or the 7th and
1st ranks (for Black) forwards like a normal pawn or
backwards in reverse. Captures and checks are always
forwards, normally, and not backwards, but it may be
captured en passant on its bac ard double step. It
may promote normally or remain a retreatable pawn
waiting to retreat. in which case it may be captured
while waiting. It was invented by R. Persson (FCR
3/9/p.100/3045).
The REVERSIB PAWN moves, captures .and
checks backwards, ·in addition to forwards, if desired.
It was invented (by T. R. Dawson?) before 1911.
The SUPERPAWN, invented by Dr. Speckmann
(Schwalbe Jan./Mar. 1967) has the orthodox pawn move
extended, if desired, along its normal lines to any dis-
tance. Superpawn at e2 can move an here along the
e-file, and it immediately promotes on e8; or it can
capture anywhere along the diagonals £3 -h5 or d3,--
a6. It has neither active nor passive powers of
en pass,ant capture, as yet.
N.B.-The term 'Fairy Pawn' is used in English to
describe these pawns : but H. Stapff uses ' MArchen-
bau•er ' f,or ·a cel'ftaii.n kind of Com'bined Piece, a most
unf.ort.una'te m:i,suse of the tenn '' ~awn.''
A.S.M.D.
~ 1/, ,,
SUPERN ltA •tY PIECES
We now come to a group of pieces that are not
derived from nor1nal chessmen, but have movements
or powers that are entirely new. We shall call these
~ ' Supernumerary ' pieces.
The I TATOR (I) ( ), invented by Dr. Th. Kok
(FCR 3/17/1p-.l80/Bap e·r 34), is a non-icheckiing, non•
1
capturing, non-capturable piece that exactly imitates in
length and direction the moves made by each man of
either colour. It moves simultaneously with the ite
~ .~ imitating the move the Imitator would have to enter
an occupied square, then that move is illegal; for the
Imitator may only enter an unoccupied square. It may
be drawn along one step behind an advancing pawn,
Rook, etc., or pushed along one step ahead. With an
Imitator on the board the two Kings may legally
occupy adjacent squares, for if the Imitator cannot
imitate the ' move ' that would enable one King to
capture the other one, then the latter is not in• check'.
In No. 23 the position is legal if either player is to
move, as neither King is • checking ' the other one, for
1
the Imitator cannot move diagonally left-upwards or
right-downwards. ite King can move to d7(1-b2) or
d6(I-bl), but ite King cannot move to c7(1-a2) as it
would then be in check from the Black King. No. 24
sh1ows how one K'in:g •Can mate another Ki,ng with an
lmitaitor. Dr. Ko k used
1
. a · G. Ja n.
• The JO R (J) O, or ( ) was invented by Otto
Dehler and revived again by D. Pritchard in FCR
4/18/p.191/5149 in 1942. It takes the power(s) of the
last man(men) moved in the adversary's precedi
move. It may be a ite or a Black piece, with full
12
moving, checking and capturing powers (see also FCR SPECIAL POWERS (J. Boyer L.J. p.84)
5/10/p.74/Paper 80, where J. E. H. Creed and K. A. L. The following Special Powers may be applied to any
Hill propose ' Fairy Mates ' for the Joker; and FCR chessman at will.
5/13/p.104/Ideas 14).
CA URING. A Capturing Man may move only in_
The DIPLO T does not capture, cannot be cap- order to capture.
tured and cannot move, but it saves from capture
every friendly man adjacent to it. Other pieces could IMITATING. An Imitating Man imitates the length
also be granted ' Diplomatic ' powers. and direction of the move of the last-moved adverse
man, then immediately regains its own powers, ,vhich
The PYltA D remains immovable on a square, may be used normally on the next move. It does not
which it blocks for all other men of either colour, and imitate a man of its own colour. It was invented by
cannot be captured (J. Boyer, L.J. 84). A.S.M.D. in 1967.
24 R. J. Millour The IMITATING JO R imitates the move of the
Europe Echecs 1073 last-moved man of either colour and then adopts that
23 The Imitator Dec. 1966 man's rank and power of check, but of the opposite
-·:-'. t. ,; ~fa; ~~ ~~
colour. It therefore changes colour on each move
,.,,,,1/, 1/:i% ...~-~-~ ??:;;:~
(except in a Series-mover); it can check, but never
fJi;
~;;1/(//,
~~
W'°if~ ~-,
,i'" .~
~
W,
capture or be captured. In Na. 25, White cannot play
½' /./h ;;,:;:0-/, , S a3-c4 (IJ g3 = Bl.S+) as this would put himself in
check, nor S a3-bl, for the same reason. This sin1ple
problem is intended t·o sho·w the ,avoidance of dua.l
promotion t·o Q or B on the anchor-ring.
IMITATIVE. An Imitative Man assumes the checking
W,;,~ ,:,; _"/. /~ -$~ 1/,,:" ~
power of any man it commands, but only for the pur-
t:z~.~ ~ ~~ ~¼ pose of checking. It was invented by R. Cheney, FCR
w~ w~ 0{✓½1/, ~ 3/7/p.71/Paper 12 (see No. 26).
'.%.!~ ~-- -:~ -~ ~.;..;.;~;__- MOVING. A Moving Man may move, but neither cap-
No Check! H -2 Imitato-r, h3 ture nor check. Moving Pawns promote to Moving
Pieces.
= Imitator al
NEUTRALITY. A Neutral Man may be considered as
CO I D CHESS N - (BCM July 1898; H.S. pp.18-9; of either colour by each player on his turn to play;
J. Boyer, L.J. pp.83-4) Neutral Pawns promote to Neutral Pieces.
o or more chessmen may be combined into one, and (i) Neither side may make a move leaving his King
some of these combinations have fixed names. in check from a Neutral.
(ii) Any Neutral may be 1no,red or captured by
(a Combinations with Fixed Names (XY or X + Y) either player, including the capture of a Neutral
OMNIPOTENT Q EN, TERROR, GE RAL or by a Neutral.
A ZON = Queen + Knight (used before 1500 A.D.). (iii) White moves Neutral Pawns up the board; Black •

EMP SS = Rook + Knight. moves them down.

(iv) Mate by a Neutral is only possible when t.he
PRINCESS Bishop + Knight. mating-move is in sorne way irreversible-e.g.
GNU = Camel + Knight. from a Bishop at al, a8, hl or h8.
DRAGON = Pawn + Knight. PROTEAN. A Protean l\ian assumes the rank of any
GRYPHON, GRIFFIN - Pawn + Bishop. man it captures.
SQUIRREL Alfil + Dabbaba + Knight. REF CTING. A Reflecting Man bounces off the
DEMI-Q EN = Rook + Demi-Bishop. edge of the board like a billiard-ball off a side-cushion
GRAND-QUEEN = Rook + Grand-Bishop. (see also Billiard Chess, in Appendix F) (see No. 17).
ROYALTY. A Royal Man is considered as a King for
(b) Combinations with one Power of Movement, another checks, mates and stalemates, but moves with its own
of Capture (X-Y) or (X-mover/Y-capturer)
powers (used by S.M. in N.Y.C. 1895).
Examples of BISHOP-MOVER/ROOK • CAPTURER 26 R. Cheney
and KNIGHT-MOVER/ROOK-CAPTURER will be found 25 A. S. M. Dickins FCR 4013
in FCR Vol. 8. (The use of the German term Original Nov. 1939
' Marchenbauer ', meaning Fairy Pawn, for these pieces
b·y Herm a·nn Stapff is very misle:ading). Dr. Speckmann
1
• , ~'-~ z1/ % ~
i~
has christened them 'S-chtitze' in German, wihich m'ay
be freely trans·la·ted as ' Sn·iper '. . 0 ;,~/.~ ;.~ ~%
( c) Combinations with one Movement F<,t'wards, an-
other Backwards (X/Y)
These pieces are called IIU ERS and they were
--
•
invented by K. Schulz in 1943. See FCR 7/9/p.72/Paper •

145 and Theodor Steudel's Der Jager im Schachproblem, ~ '. ~ ¼ Wia ~/2-· ,,,. - %:
Feenschach, autumn 1960. The R/B HUNTER moves _1/, 1/}
mm
~
:.;~~-
:-1, ,~ -
~
~
forwards as a Rook and backwards as a Bishop; the
B/R HUNTER moves forwards as a Bishop and back- _/~ -~ / ~ '/~ ~/ -~ ~ ,'./1/,~ ~
.;.;.:;.;.._
wards as a Rook. In FCR 9/17/p.142 specific names for
those two pieces, respectively HUNTER and FALCON, Series Mate in 6
'

were adopted, but usage has now reverted to the =Imitating Joker = Imitative Knight
original form and the t~1°1n ' Falcon ' has been dropped. Anch,or-Ring
e Falcon shown. in No. 54 would today be termed W. Pawns promote •

B/R HUNTf4:;R. These }Meces have no h;o,rioo · ,1 effect. on 8th.

13 Thirteen
 ISIBI . An Invisible Man may be VEA D 250,000 miles away, on the Moo11, and the squares were
by its owner on his turn to play as Queen, Rook, one incl1 s:quare, then the prcble·1n ,vould be •se;t ais
Bishop, Knight or Pawn, or any Fairy piece already on 'J\·1atc in 69 l\tloves ', 69 ever-decreasing alternate hori-
the board, on any legal vacant square from which it zo11tal and diagonal S\veeps on a zig-zag path '' to strike
does not give check. The Revealed Man must then make tl1e Black Ki11g to his doo1n '', as 'r. R. Dawson puts it
a move, which may give a check. If a player has no r1i1nself, in Caissa' s Fai1·y Tales, p.31.
other move, then he must 'reveal' his Invisible Man.
en captured, it is permanently killed; if not cap- 30 Sam Loyd
tured immediately a;f.ter ma,king its first mov,e, .it 29 T. R. Da\vson Chess 1\-Ionthly
becomes invisible again at once, and imn1ediately has Caissa's Fairy Tales 1947 Feb. 1857
the right of future revelation on any legal vacant
square. A pawn promoting to an Invisible Man
immediately becomes invisible. While invisible, it
has no checking power and it is ' intangible ' in the
sense that a man of either colour may move across,
but not occupy, the square on which it is to be
revealed. (If required, it may also be designated as
•tangible', in which case another man rr1ay not move
across the square on which it will be revealed.) The
abbreviation is (IV). It· was invented by A.S.M.D. i11
1 .
27 A.S.M.D. 28 D. Nixon
Schwalbe 2426 FCR 9630-1 7~on 8 x 8
Jan./Mar. 1967 August, 1953
Compare Nos. 29 and 30 and observe the much
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r~ greater effect TRD obtains ,vith the Infinity Plain.
' , ~~ ,✓• ~ ~1//,
w~w~~w~
· 0 0 ..1. ;,"/2,

~ ~ %, ~ A 1//,, ,, ./~ ,:;-~ .%-~ ?"~ ~ The GRID-CHESSBOARD, on which GRID CHESS
~1//. N ~% W~ (invented by W. Stead) is played, is an 8 x 8 board
@~
1///,0. w~i$. %¾ ~f~- divided into sixteen squares of four units each. Every
~.(,½ t
0'////1/. 1/,•.''
1/,•'/ • / ''
/~· ·'a
"// '1//
..1. 1//4,'//
/',e'/,~ ~%% ~
~
move by any man must cross at least one of the grid-
lines. (FIDE RI, 1429.) See No. 28.
The BILLIARD-BOARD, on which BILLIARD-CHESS
~
~'.;~ ~
,· ~
-~~ ~~
,,'~
is played (see Appendix F) is an 8 x 8 board on which
~-~ ~ , ' ?W~ ~;% the chessmen bounce off the edges like billiard-balls off
side-cushions. We have already seen this idea with the
~ .~ ~ ~~ -✓// ~ ~ ~ Reflecting Bishops, applied to one particular piece only.
1/,//~ ,•'~ ~ ~~
... 1 The FOUR-HANDED CIIESSBOARD, for FO •
' Black h.as an Invisible H¥:6 Grid C.heis.s HANDED CHESS, has several forms, the best known of
Man ( o sep·arate pro·blems which is probably that by G. H. Verney, who started a
on left and on ri,ght) four-handed chess club in London about 1885. D. J.
e first Grid pro ble.ms Morgan describes this game in the British · Chess
composed Magazine, March 1967, p.75. J. Boyer has full descrip-
tions of several varieties of tl1e game in his two books.
An infinite number of plane boards of other shapes
III- E I BOARD and sizes can be used; but we will now go on to the
Cylindrical boards.
A-TWO-DI NSIONAL BOARDS
BOARDS (J. Boyer, LT, NJ) CYLI RICAL BOARDS
The Orthodox 8 x 8 board is a plane square board, These are very interesting boards with great possi-
but there are many other possible shapes and sizes for bilities for the future. 'fhe Vertical Cylinder has been
a chess-board. J. Boyer in his two books mentions, recognised as ' custon1ary ' by the Piran Codex, and
among many others, Circular Boards, 1-Iexagonal many co1nposers have explored its possibjlities, notably
Boards, Lozenge-Shaped Boards, Oblong Boards, and Dr. A. Ma11dler, of Prague. There are three principal
various irregularly shaped boards, such as those for types of Cylinder Board-the Vertical Cylinder; the
four-handed chess mentioned on pages 63 to 68 of his IIorizo:ital; and the Anchor-ri11g, which is a combina-
s Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes. Plane boards of the tion of the first two. See \Vagon "\Vheel ,che·ss, p. 62.
dimensions of 15 x 11, 9 x 15, 15 x 19 and 15 x 13 will be 1 The VERTICAL CYLINDER BOARD is formed by
found in Caissa's Wild Roses in Clusters, by T. R. wrapping the 8 x 8 board (or imagining it to be
Dawson, on pages 26 and 27, and there is, .of course, no \\1•apped) around an upright cylinder, such as a tin
7

limit to the possible dimensions of a plane board, up of fruit, so that the a- and h-files adjoin. A Rook at e2
to infinity, so the first one we will examine here will may now play round the cylinder via h2 to a2 and so
the INFINITY PLAIN, which is the prolongation of back again to e2, or counter-clock\\ ise via a2 to h2 and
1

the ordinary two-dimensional plane chess-board in all thence back to e2. A Bishop at cl may move nor1nally
four (or two) directions to infinity. J. Boyer gives a to h6 a11d then continue round the cylinder to a7 and
full description of this on pages 20 to 26 in his b8, where it stops; or it may go in the other direction
Nouveaux Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes. An example normally to a3, then 1·ound the cylinder to h4, g5, etc.,
of a problem using the Infinity Plain will be found in to d8, ,vhere it stops. A Queen may do whatever a
FIDE Rl 1435, p.272. In No. 29 below there is a famous · Rook or Bishop may do, and a King may make a
problem by T. R. Dawson that is valid as set on an Queen's move limited to single-steps. A Knight on h5
8 x 8 board. But if the board were turned into an may leap to its four normal squares plus, round the
I nity Plain, then the Queen could begin her journey cylinder, a7, b6, b4 and a3 (see No. 31). A Pawn on a2
at an i nite distance away. If she started about may capture on h3, and one on h2 may capture on a3.
Fourteen 14
 The n1oven1ent of the Bishop is a feature of the On an Anchor-ring each piece always has its maxi•
Vertical Cylinder, and No. 32 shows what is probably mum 8 x 8 moves, no matter where it stands, if the
the only way of forcing mate with two lone Bishops. board is otherwise open ... Q27, N22, Rl4, Bl3, Kt 8
The Queen is immensely powerful on this cylinder, and and KS. The B at cl can now play in either direction
No. 33 shows a fascinating and difficult study of the along either of the two diagonals d2, h6, a7, b8 back
Queen and Bishop on a Vertical Cylinder. As this to cl; or b2, a3, h4, to d8 and thence directly back to
board has no side-edges it is often diagrammed with- cl. A Bishop at al can play in either direction along
out them (sec FIDE RI, 1427, p.271). the diagonal al, h8, g7, f6, etc., back to al; or in either
32 D. Nixon
direction along the diagonal h2, g3, f4, etc., to b8 and
FCR thence back to al. The four arrows pointing to e5 show
31 The the four directions from which the B at al can reach
Vertical Cylinder Dec. 1936 e5. If a Black King stands on e5, then a White Bishop
~f2 ~ M~ ~~- LL ••'0
'.•1/, ,,1//, ~~ ,,••
at al checks the King ,vith 2 double-checks and ,llso
o/~:,
,-- ,,,1/,,,/Z ,/,/,/,-;,« r//. ,1/,~ ~
,-- 1/_h·1// /,'. 1//2_ ;' """
-· • • / ,
guards the four ' star ' flights. The King always has 8
'{:~/,~ ['~»:
fr-~ Wfi/h,/
W~_a
@"~
~ ,- ,f,0~;,
, %,1 i ~~
~/:/~ ~ &~
~~
1/,
0 flight-squares no matter where it stands on an anchor-
1//4-:.~ ½ '·¼ ?',,:::,,,;~ -1//,
ring. I( at h8 has a8, a7, h7, g7, g8, gl, hl and al.
~:~-:(/i %i[1/, ~:✓:::1f.% ✓(,/% ,' -:, ,;/~ W,~ ~/% % , ,' A Kt at al guards b3 and c2 as on the normal board;
i~ ~ i~ ~@: b7 and c8 as on a horizontal cylinder; g2 and h3 as on a
1°~ :n% ~~ ~~ --·
vertical cylinder; and g8 and h7 on the anchor-ring.
t~½~~ ~;01/, ,,,~ w~ These movements of King and Knight are shown on
>1-- ~
/. /, 1/.I; /' -<:
,", .-~/ ½-~,
/~ , ~%
/~·! the following plan, on which the Bishop's double-move
from al to e5 can also be seen. The corners of the
~ ~ =01/,
%
anchor-ring are best imagined as if 8 exact replicas of
~:~ ~'.-~~ ~ fW~
/ /~
~&, ~
%
~
1/,0.%
~
a single 8 x 8 board were arranged round the original
board in a 3 x 3 square, as in the plan.
The WS can check the 5¥= Vertical Cylinder
Bl.K at b6 or g3 g2 h2 a2 b2 g2 a2 b2
33 Dr. A. Mandler 34 Dr. A. Mandler gl hl al bl cl dl el fl Gl Hl Al bl
Feenschach 6006 1962 Feenschach 6007 1962
g8 h8 as b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 GS h8 AS b8
~ ~,,,,,, w~
h7 a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 67 H7 A7
h6 a6 d 6 h6 a6
1/,//, /"/_ ~ ..a.. ,
r.1 ½~ 1/, i~ A . h5 as es g5 h5 a5
:w~
/ -,~
~~,-~
✓- .• , ~ ,•
~ 1/. h4 a4 h4 a4
H3 a3 B3 c3 e3 g3 h3 a3
:~-~ //~-~ ---~ ,/:0.
G2 a2 b2 C2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2 a2
gl bl al bl cl dl el fl gl hl al bl

;~ -~ ~ ~ GS h8 a8 b8 cs d8 es f8 g8 h8 as b8
3~ 7 x 8 Vertical g7 H7 a7 B7 e7 g7 h7 a7 b7
Cylinder For the purpose of quick visualisation it is sufficient
No. 34 shows a problen1 on a 7 x 8 Vertical Cylinder, to remember that the squares al and h8 are diagonally
on which the Bishops change their square-colour when adjacent, as also are the squares hl and a8.
they go round the cylinder. The B at d7 can play via 35 D. Nixon 36 Temporary
a4 to g3, a Black square. No. 35 shows an interesting FCR 8871 1950 Self Unpin
problem by D. Nixon on a 3 x 8 cylinder, whe1. e the ,:,- . , :~~ ~ ~ ';
Nightrider's movement has to be carefully worked out .,./ z
,
z~= t~~-
before the mating position can be found.
2 The HORIZONTAL CYLINDER BOARD is imagined ?~ . :7/~--
to be wr8.pped around a cylinder lying on its side, so
that the 1st and 8th ranks adjoin, while the a- and h-
files remain separated. The Rook at e2 may now move ~0i
/1//,:,,_~ 0 %'.
round the cylinder via e8 to el and so back to e2, or
the other way via el to e8 and thence back to e2. The
Bishop at cl may move round the cylinder via d8, e7, rr~ ~~ //. ~~ , , , .
etc., to h4, where it stops, or via b8 to a7, where it
stops. The Knight at h5 now has only the four normal w,·, :
~ ...... 7-, /:
moves, to g7, f6, f4 and g3. The Pawns at a2 and h2
can now only capture as on a normal 8 x 8 board. The 2 '""" Nightrider cl No
board has no upper or lower edges and may be dia- No White King -Nightrider b2
grammed thus. It is not very commonly used. 3 x 8 Vertical Cylinder Anchor-Ring
3 The ANCHOR-RING is a combination of the Vertical
and Horizontal Cylinders, so that not only do the a- CO ENTIONS REGARDING CYLI ERS
and h-files adjoin, but also the 1st and 8th ranks, and On the Cylinder boards every move must be a finite
the board has no edges at all. It is sometimes dia- •
one, with a definite stop; the endless circulation of the
grammed without edges (see FIDE RI, 1428, p.271). A cylinder is not legal (Piran Codex), but a given number
pictorial representation of an Anchor-ring will be of circulations is permissible, provided a final one is
found on the front cover of H. Stapff's Einfiihrung in defined (H. Stapff, p.21). A composer may, if he wishes,
das Marchenschach. legalise the endless circulation of the cylinder by put-
15 Fifteen
 ting it into the stipulation (see PFS 335/Feb./1932, by C RICAL QU RUPI,f4:1·S
T. R. Dawson, in which ' infinite ' moves are specifically
allowed). A pinned piece may ' temporarily ' unpin
itself and return at the end of its move to the same ( or which the st1pulat1on beneath the diagram applies to
a different) pinned position (FCR 6/13/p.101/Check
en passant). No. 36 shows a Black Nightrider and Bishop Plane 8 x 8 board, Vertical Cylinder Board, Horizontal
both pinned on an anchor-ring by a White Rook. The Cylinder Board and Anchor-ring Board. It is very diffi-
Nightrider has four routes by which it may move to b6 cult to compose a sound Cylindrical Quadruplet.
and remain there pinned again-namely, i) via d3,-f4
-h5; ii) via h3,-f4-d5; iii) via dl-f8,-h7; or iv) via 40 A. M. A. van der Ven
39 C. R. Flood Magyar Sakkvilag
hl-f -,d7. It has eight routes by which it may return Original
to its own square, b2, one by way of each of the eight 1936
squares of its Knight's ' tour ' from b2. The pinned ~ ~ ~ ~
Bishop has four routes by which it can return to its
own square, b8; in either of the two directions along ~ ,W ~ ~ ,
the diagonal b8--cl - d2 etc. -h6-a7-b8 or in either
1
~ ~ ~~
of the two directions along the diagonal b8,-al-h2,-
g3 etc.-c7-b8. en a long-range piece on a cylin- ~ 1// 0. 1/h;,~
~~ ~ ~
der has two open routes to the same square these are '% ~~:,¼ ~ I ~,-,,~~ tw~
~

two separate moves, and should be counted separately

,, /_,II , '/ ,

in a construction task on a cylinder; but they are not

regarded as a 'dual' for the purposes of ' legality ',
'qualification', 'merit' of a problem (see Piran Codex,
~ ~
Article 16, in Appendix C). On an open anchor-ring / ,~ ~ ,,, .,,1
1//,~ ✓.'~ ~ ~ ,.,, ~
/ 1/, 1/, ~

Queen and Nightrider each have eight different routes

oack to their starting squares; Rook and Bishop each Series Helpmate in 3 :.._2
have four different routes. (a) Diagram (a) Diagram
No. 37 is a simple demonstration of the Knight's (b) Vertical Cylinder (b) Vertic,al Cylinder
' star ' moves from a ' corner ' square (there is no real ( c) Horizontal Cylinder ( c) Horizontal Cylinder
corner on an anchor-ring) mating the King on its four ( d) Anchor-ring ( d) Anchor-ring
star-flights. No. 38 is more difficult and shows the only Bl. Ps promote on 1st rank in ail except 40(c).
way two Nightriders can stalemate a Black rex-solus on
an anchor-ring, a fuller acc·ount of which may be
found on p.682 of Feenschach, June 1967. B THREE OR MORE-DI NSIONAL BOARDS
38 A.S.M.D.
SPACE CHESS
· 37 Sep./Oct. 1967 Feenschach 8254 Games or problems on boards of more than two
Feenschach A.S.M.D. June 1967 dimensions are grouped in the category Space Chess.
~~ ~-' ~~ ~~
According to T. R. Dawson (Chess Amateur, July 1926,
r. ,~ @~ ~~ p.315) the idea of chess being played in more than two
dimensions has existed since the earliest ages.
%~ %~ %~ ~;W?½ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , The earliest known historical reference is in the
~ ~ ~ ~ ¼ /~
Deutsche Schachzeitung 1878, page 117, where
~~ '//// 1/,~ '///-' 1/,~ '/ '/ ~ff , ½1/,

~ ~ ~
-- -
- • 7, Kieseritzky is said to have shown his newly-discovered
' Cube Ches,s ' (Kubikschach) to Andersen at the 1851
London tournament .
. : ,1/.~ ~ More than fifty years later, on the 3rd of March 1907,
,
.
/, ... ,
¼ ~
, '
Dr. Maack of Hamburg conceived the idea of Space
Chess (Raumschach) quite i'ndependently, and worked
~~ ~ ~ % out the ' Norn1al Form ' of it.
Anchor-Ring Helpstalemate in 2 (with His book 'Das Schachraumspiel: Dreidimensio es
s promote on Set Pl-ay) Schachspiel ' was printed in 1907; 'Spiel 1·egeln zum
8th in both Anchor-Ring Raumschach' and 'Raumschach: Einfilhmng in die
= Nightriders d2, f2 Spielpraxis' fo.llowed respectively in 1913 and 1919. He
founded the Ha,mburg Space Chess Club, of which
On the Horizontal Cylinder and the Anchor-ring the Messrs. Hans Kluver and W. Roese were prominent
p&:w11s' pro,moting ra should be stated, unless it is members. T. R. Dawson published his first three-dimen-
irrelevant to ·the pro•ble,m, or obviouis from the setting. sional problem in the British Chess Magazine in 1915.
The initial array on a Vertical Cylinder is precisely
the same as on the orthodox 8 x 8 board, and a game We shall deal here with the Normal Forni of Space
may be played from the initial array using vertical Chess.
cylindrical moves throughout. It makes a very good
ga1ne. But on a Horizontal Cylinder or an Anchor-ring SPACE C SS, NO FORM (a)
the chessmen cannot legally stand in the oJ.th o~ S10 (SID)
initial array. The f est :and m delta·iled descri ·on of Space
One feature of a cylindrical problem is that the whole Chess in Engli·sh is that given by T. R. Dawson in six
position may be shifted any number of squares (left or consecutive ntJ111bers of the Chess Amateur in 1926,
right on the Vertical Cylinder) (up or down on the beginning in July, 'in the section 'H , Hours ', on
Horizontal Cylinder) (in any direction on an Anchor- page 315 of Vol. and concluding in December, on
ring) without in any way affecting the problem. Suet- •
p age 93 of Vol. XXI.
1
other ,and shorter description
a shifting of the position to a more convenient part of by T. R. Dawson can be found in Caissa's Fairy Tales
the board is often an aid to solving--as a composer may on page 33 and 'a very brief comp ed .version by him
have shifted it to the part of the board where it is on page 14 of FCR 6/3/Dec. 1945, whi omits the
becomes more' difficult' to visualise. Knight. We give here a des ption based on th,at given
Sixteen 16
by T. R. Dawson in 'Eiements of Fairy Chess', FCR ~
,,
5/5/p.40 and in the 1926 Chess Amateur. ~ . -~ r~;' '1///
~
1//,

There is als;o a de.scription in J. Boyer's Les Jeux ,' ~ -~ ¢.

d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes on pages 75/76. Boyer says, B B ,
1/

wrongly, that the pawns can have a double-step first . . ~(, ~/1/,
'/'./_i:1/::.~
•
.
..,
move, but in all T. R. Dawson's descriptions he makes ~/, ff'•%
/, -~,1/, 0:
it quite clear that pawns only have a single-s:tep first
move, and hence there are no en passant cap•tures. But ~ _. ~- ~-~ 0:
I'//,
.;..,,;,.._-

a double-step first move may be granted by the com-

poser. 5 ~ ~ ~-
5 ~
The pieces are the usual ones plus a UNICORN,
which is a three-dimensional Bishop. 4 4 if/. %,1//,~
/. ½;,. _. ~-
~ 1//,~ 1//,,1/.~,

The Normal Form is played in a 5 x 5 x 5 SPACE A3 7,, ,- ~

A3 ~ ·% ""m·
@
C E of 125 CELLS. Each man occupies a cell. The ~ .~
2 _. ~ ~ 2
Rook moves through cell faces (side-walls, floor and ~ 1/,
%
/✓-~ 1/,~

ceiling) Aal to Abl, Acl, Adl, Ael or to Aa2, Aa3, Aa4, 1 I~ : .~ . ~ 1 ~ .~ ~

Aa5 or (like a lift in a five-storey building) to Bal,
Cal, Dal, Eal. The Bishop moves through cell edges, a b c d e a b c d e
Aal to Ab2, Ac3, Ad4, Ae5 or to Ba2, Ca3, Da4, Ea5 or -24 B=24 K 26 moves
to Bbl, Ccl, Ddl, Eel. The Unicorn (U) moves through U=16 R=12 P= 2 moves
cell corners, Aal to Bb2, Cc3, Dd4, Ee5. The foregoing Q=R+B+U=52 moves 5 captures
are all riders, moving any free distance, subject to from Cc3 from Cc3
interference. The Queen combines Rook, Bishop and
Unicorn. The King moves like a Queen, but only single-
step moves. The Knight moves on all planes like the 43 B. J. da C. Andrade 44 T. R. Da\\"son
orthodox Knight, on co-ordinates 1-2, 2-1; from Aal it Chess Amateur Chess Amateur
moves to Ab3, Ac2, Ba3, Bel, Ca2, Cbl. Pawns move Sept. 1926 Sept. 1926
roo ise single-steps and capture bishopwise single- ~ ~ ~
steps, always towards their promotion rank, with no - ~
double-step first move. ~ ~
e initial array is: E
ite: K Acl; Q Bel; Rs Aal, Ael; Bs Bal, Bdl; Us
,
Bbl, Bel; Ss Abl, Adl; Ps A a2, b2, c2, d2, e2 and '
;, ~ ,
~
B a2, b2, c2, d2, and e2. WPs promote on E 5th rank. ,

Black : K Ec5; Q Dc5; Rs Ea5, Ee5; Bs Db5, De5; Us ~ a:,;, ~

".//
1//,
~
:'.1/.~ w ,,,,

Da5, Dd5; Ss Eb5, Ed5; Ps E a4, b4, c4, d4, e4 and , ,, ~

Da4, b4, c4, d4, and e4. Bl Ps promote on A 1st rank. :, /': ~ ,1/,;c~

42 Tit ltE~E-
1

D ENSIONAL D ~
SPACE MODEL No. 2
41 _.. THREE- Showing the moveme·nts
DIMf!NSIONAL of King and Pa"Nll from
~ ~
SPACE MODEL No. 1 Cc3. ------
, owing the movements \\7.Pawn captures shown
~ ~ ~
of Rook, Bishop and thus-x ~
Unicorn; -and Knight; W.Pawn movements
from c·ca ( ) shown thus:-P
C
~ ~ ~ ~ ~,
~ ~
~~ :r.~ . ,.,., ·,..;~ ~~
~

~ ~
E E 1/,

7~ ¾:"f
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
;,', ~ _. a:,;,;I, • 1/,

. ~ ~ w ~~A~ ~ A
~~~~
/~

--~--'--------- '//

B
~ ;...- ~ ~ ~
~
~- ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ,~ ///, 1/,~ ~

~- - ~ ~ ~ 1/, ~
D D
~ ~ ~1//, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
1//
5
• ~~ ~~ ~~ ~- ~
z .m. ~~.;...-- 4 ~
1/, 1//. z , 0 ,,.,,✓. ~~ ~~

A3 , ;;J ~
• z ~ ~
~
~.,; ,,,,,, :~ ~ ~/// ~~= ~~ .;..;.~
~
~ 2
~~ ~~
•.
z z .• .!

z ~
1 , ~ ~;;;;;;; ~ ~
C C ~
~.;:..._-

~~ .,:,:
a b c d e Unicorns
~~ 1/~ (:S. , ite Mates in 2 Da3, Cc2, 3
:.;, ~z •,
m ~
(S. .fte Mates in 2
1/, ¼
~ ~

Seventeen
17
 e Space Cube is represented diagrammatically by three-dimensional model is best imagined with the
a column of five diagrams, each 5 x 5, one above the Rook. The Rook at Aal in the three-dimensional model
other on the paper (called a SPACE MODEL), as in the had three lines of movement.-two on the surface of A
two models, Nos. 41 and 42, which give the full available
moves from Cc3 for all men concerned - King a11d d1cularly upwards through Bal, Cal, Dal to Eal. Now
Pawns in No. 42, the others in No. 41. with the four extra columns added, the Rook has a
For the ·visualisation of the moves the Bishops can further available line of movement (from the ground-
be considered as descending or ascending step-wise floor of one five-storey building to the ground-floor of
down or up a staircase built along the ranks or files the next, as it were) from IAal to IIAal then IIIAal
(i.e. a two-dimensional move) while the Unicorns and IVAal to VAal, changing only one of its co-ordin-
descend or ascend step-wise a staircase cutting diagon- a tes each time, as it is a one-dimensional rider. (T. R.
ally through both ranks and files (i.e. a three-dimen- Da\vson compares this move to making an exit from
sional move). Being riders, they may of course descend · a room without passing through any of the walls, floor
or ascend several ' steps ' of the staircase in one move. (?r ceiling, a just comparison, for in the material world
The Rook has only a one-dimensional move; Bishop such a movement cannot be imagined without the
and Knight each have only two-dimensional moves_; but introduction of a fourth dimension, say ' Time ').
the King an·d Qu·een share some three-d1me·n.- The full 5 x 5 hyper-model is rather large, so it will
sional moves with the Unicorn, which has only three- be easier to work with a 4 x 4 hyper-model containing
dimensional moves. Nos. 43 and 44 are three··dimen- sixteen 4 x 4 diagrams in 4 columns of 4, each column
sional problems. being imagine·d as an architect's plan of a four-storey
building, and there are four such buildings (see No.
SPACE CHESS, NORMAL FORM, (b) FOUR- 45).
DI NSIONAL (S IV)
In this four-dimensional hyper-model a Balloon (Bl)
The introduction of a Fourth Dimension gives every at I Aal moves to II Bb2 or III Cc3 or IV Dd4, changing
chessman one more available direction of travel, and all four of iits co-ordinates at each move. A two or
is easily diagrammed by the quintuplication of the three-dimensional man will change two or three of its
single column of five 5 x 5 diagrams that forms the co-ordinates when moving. The Queen and King com-
Space Model, making a set of 25 diagrams, each 5 x 5, bine the moves of Rook, Bishop, Unicorn and Balloon
the whole set arranged in a 5 x 5 hyper-diagram, called (the King having, of course, only a single-step). The
a SPACE HYPER-MODEL. four-dimensional Knight alters two co-ordinates at
The BALLOON now appears as the fourth-dimen- every move, one by plus or minus unity, the other by
sional piece (invented by Dr. Maack). It is shown on plus or minus two units. So a Knight at I D a4 can
move to : I Db2, I Dc3, I Ca2, I Cc4, I Ba3, I Bb4;
the hyper-model by an inverted Bishop ( ~ ) . The II Da2, II Dc4, II Ba4; III Da3, III Db4, III Ca4, a total
extension of the movements of the chessmen from the of twelve moves, as shown on the hyper-model No. 45.

45
.
% ' ,.
~
,
x~ ~ x~ %
'

'
,, ~
~~
/,
-~ ~ 7,% 0 I

~
Ii 'if_,.

%
D ~
:7,~ ~% ~
~% ~~
~ w,
~~ ~
~~ ~
~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ x· ~ ~ x~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~, ~
~
~% ~% % ~~ ~%
C :7,% ~% ~ , ~% ~
~ w, ~%
~ ~
~ ~%
~ ~% ~~
~ ~ ~ 1/, ~ ~ ~ :;,~

% ~ ~ ~
~ ~
1//,~

~% ~~
1/, ~'~-- ~ ~

~ % ~ ~
4
A3
~
~~ ~~ ~ 1/~ %
~ ~

~ ~%- ~
2
' ~% ,;,'/4 ~ ,.,., ~~ ~% 7,~ ~%
1 ~ ~ ,..x
,I. ;,,~ .~
¼~ ~
'

a b c d
Col. I ., 1. II Col. Col .
'

THE MOVE NTS OF KNIGHT= (X)

ANi> BALLOON (Bl)=

18
 Chess Art1ateur-Dec. 1926
46 W. ROESE
dedicated to T. R. D·awson
Col. I Col. II Col. m Col. IV
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~~ ~ ¼
,-¼~ ~
~ ~
D ~
~
~~ % %
~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ %
~
1/,

C ~ ~~ ~ , ~
~ ~
~ ~
~
%~
~ ~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~
•

w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~~ ~ %~ %~ %
~
~
B % %, //''' ¼ %;',
~ ,
, ,: ..I.
.A
~.
¼~
~ , ·~ ~ ~~,~
~ ~ ~ ~ % ~
~
~ ~✓✓✓ ~

4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~
3 ~
A ~
~
2 ~
~ .
~
-• • ,

1 % % % ~ %. ~
a b C d
(:S.IV) 1"' R =UNICORN
TE MATES IN TWO =BALLOON
Ne,ither W. Roese r1or T. R. 1Daws:on seem,s to have noti,ce·d that t,he Unic·orn at 111Bc'2 che1c,ks
the Bla'.ck King. The problem can be· corrected a.nd n1ade s·ound by .moving the WS f·rom
IBb2 to IAc2 and the WU from 1JIIBc2 t·o IV Ac2. (W. H. Duce and C. E. Kemp.)
The Pawns extend to the fourth dimension just as to ' squares ' formed between lines of latitude and longi-
the three dimensions; the White Pawns promote on IV tude. Files a-d form the western hemisphere, files e-h
Da4- d4; the Black Pawns promote on I Aal-dl. the eastern; ranks 1 to 4 lead from the South Pole to
For convenie·nce the four columns of four 4 x 4 dia- the equator, and 5 to 8 from the equator to the North
grams. can be printed on one single super-diagram Pole. The Rook moving northwards up the a-file to a8
16 x 16, as in the Chess Amateur, Vol. XXI, page 92, continues across the Polar Point southwards down the
showing an S IV problem by W. Roese, dedicated to e-file from e8 (but note that its single-step leap across
T. R. Dawson, reproduced here as No. 46. It is necessary the Polar Point from a8 to e8 is between two squares
to remember that there are s·ixteen diffe·rent diagrams, of the same colour); the Bishop has a most peculiar
each 4 x 4, in that hyper-model, and that p·ieces having move, in which it covers all 32 squares of one colour
three-dimensional or four-dimensional moves must cross tivice before it returns to its original square-.so a
one of the dividing lines ,vhen they move; .this applies Bishop on g4 may move h3, a2, bl, and then on through
to all the moves of the Balloon or Unicorn, and some the Polar Point in the same type of spiral, in this case
of the moves of the other pieces. A four-dimensional a counter-clo·ckwise spiral, to hl and then to a2, b3, etc.
problem with Balloons will be found in FCR 7/9/p.85/ to g8 then to e8 and on to f7, g6 etc. to dl, then bl and
8546, the TRD Diamond Jubilee .issue, ;but ·the Balloons on to c2 d3 to a8 then to g8 and on to h7, a6, b5 to fl
are a mis.print for Unicorn,s. (W. H. ·D. & C. E. K.) 1

but with a different direction of travel, for we are only

C VARIOUS OTHER BOARDS half way round) h5, a6, b7 to c8 then to a8 and on to
There remain a few other boards to mention, all b7, c6 etc. to hl then to fl and on to , h3, a4, b5 to
belonging to the two-dimensional variety, that have so e8 then to c8 and on to d7, e6, f5 and finally back to
far not been develo1)ed much beyond the first experi- g4 ! ! There are four such tours that the Bisho~ ca_n
mental stage, or that are very seldom used. make from g4. The Knight's move at the Polar Point 1s
complex-from g2 it leaps to al, a3, h4, f4, e3, el, bl
The OBLIQUE CYLINDER BOARD is imagined to be and dl (note that the last two are of the same colour
wrapped obliquely round, a cylinder so that two dia- as the original square); and from gl it leaps to a2, h3,
gonals adjoin, instead of two ranks or files. For a full f3 e2 d2 or b2 (six squares), the last two being of the
description see D. L. Miller's Ye Faerie Chesseman ' , , 1·k
sa,me colour as the square o!f ·ori:gin. K at b,1 m·oves 1 e
1965, and for a problem, PFS Vol. 1, page 51. B to .hl or dl, a·nd like R to al, cl, or fl. No,s. 47 and 48
The SPIIERICAL BOARD is imagined to be wrapped show two Spherical Chess problems, the first such ever
round a sphere, like a ' globe ' of the world, with published.
19
 47 Ye Frerie Chesseman 1965 D. L. Miller
d
•

9 White
7 Black

ite Hemisphere Black Hemisphere

SOU POLE NOR POLE
SP RICAL CHESS
Ranks are numbered ITE TO IN 2 MOVES = White
1 to 8 = Black

48 Original D. L. Miller and A. S. M. Dickini

.L.
A

.a.
• 10 White
7 Black

•
ite Hemisphere Black Hemisphere
SOUTH PO SPHERIC CHESS NOR POLE
TE TO IN O MOVES
Ranks are numbered '
ite
1 to 8
N.B . -These two problems are in the nature of experiments, exploring the possibilities of the Bishop's and
Knight's moves at the Polar Points. Add Pyramid on a8 in No. 48.
Twenty
20
 I OF MOVE (L.J. 85/
STIPULATIONS AT REQUIRE FORWARD P 86; H.S. 6, 23; C.P. 238)

SELFI\IATE (Fata Morgana, E. Bir eld, 1922; L.J. 85; 1'IAXIMUM R

H.S. 3, 23; C.P. 235) This form of stipulation, invented by T. R. Dawson
The Orthodox Chess Problem has always had as its (C.A. 399, Dec. 1913) is re,oogn:ised b·y the Piran Codex
stipulation '' White to play and mate Black in n moves''. as ' customary '. Black must always play his geometric-
'"fhis demand pre-supposes the use of an 8 x 8 board ally longest move, or choose one of his longest moves
and the current Laws of Chess. But as early as the if he has several of equal length. Lengths are calculated
13th century a problem composer was demanding of from square centre to square centre, and a full table
the solver that ite should play in order to be mated of values for every distance will be found at Appendix
by Black, with Black trying to avoid giving the mate. B(·i), p.38. Blac·k men attack the Whiite King according
Until the 1920s the tt!rin ' sui-mate ' was often used for to orthodox rules, and ·in the mating position, the
this sort of problem, but probably largely owing to the convention i:s t,h at conditions revert to a ' no1·111al ',
1

influence of T. R. Dawson the term was replaced by orthodox mate, the ' maximum length ' conditi,on for
'Selfmate' about 1922. In his review of Dr. Birgfeld's Blac:k .then C'e·as:ing to operate. In the ULTRA-MAXI-
book on the Selfmate, Fata Morga1ia, in the Chess MUM R, and in th·e CONSISTENT Xll\'IUl\lMER
Ain,ate·ur, May 1923, T. R. Dawson wrote: (invented by J. R. J·essuru·n Lobo), the m aximum length 1

'' Thanks to my supervision of the English text that condition ap;p•lie·s to Blac·k's C'he·cks of the White King,
wretched bastard word sui-mate never appears bo,th in p·lay and in the mating po·sit:ion. 'Fairy J.\,1ate '
throughout the book." (q.v.) is the're,fo.re needed in b:o'th the:se.
July 1922 was the date of the last appearance of the , e difference be,tween Ultra-Maximummer and
' Sui-mate ' column in that journal. Co'nsistent Maximum·mer i,s that in t.he Ultra-Maxi-
In t.he Selfmate, ite plays and forces Black to mumme.r Black may have several moves of equal
mate him ( ite) in n moves. The Selfmate .has now (m1~imum) le·n • any one or more of wh,ich m,ay Wive
become en:tirely ' respe-ctable,' and has reaLly reache;d check (·or m,a:te), wh,ile in •the Consistenrt Ma:x1i1numme·r
' orthodox' s·tatus. Nos. 49 and 50 show examples by Black may only have one ma~imum le:n , m,ove giving
contemporary composers : and Nos. 1 and 2 in Appen- check (or mate). Th'is also ap,pilies to .the matin.g posi-
dix A show Selfmates that are over 500 years old. tion and the hypot·hieti,cal move that the King may try
••

50 G. F. Anderson to m ake to es:c·a.pe fro.m the check. See als.o p.63 .

1

49 C. R. Flood S. African Chess Mag.

Original 1947 N·os. 53 an·d 54 show examples of the o·rdinary M:axi-
mummer, which is m'ost en a Selfm,ate, al'thiough
~~ ~ ~~ ~~· ?fa ~ ~ .,, ;,; .}, Maxi1numme r direc·t-ma·tes exist. For t~he ' Falcon ' see
1

~·.~ c-~ %~ ~~ % ~ page 13.

• 1/,~ '///., . ~ w~
~ ~ ~Azq& 53 T. R. Dawson 54 W. Karscl1
:,/1/.:
"'.0z
-'.:\:'. -- . :,
,,_,, ~;
¼ w.
:-~:1'i
1/. ,
~
~
,/
Chess Amateur 1920 Schachmatt 1947
//~/%
//',',, •·:..<---"/
..-;:.l-J , ,1/,'.'.1/,,;;
// ,,, /,; ,,,, ½
/'/ •1/
,✓1/✓- ✓, ,,_,,,,-,-,,.., ,•,,.--:,1//,., /.,,.,.,,/~

~i ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~
1/,
~0
F'
~ w
~i ~ ~ ~
¼ ¼
~ ~ ~ 0 ½ 0 --~
~ W'/i/
w ~ ,,
r,
~~ A ~ ,½, -~

. ~ , .,1/, t . . YI
~ , :~ '// /1/,
;I'/, ~ // 1/, . ~

Selfmate in 3
TE (N.J. 31; C.P. 236).
~ ~'0 if//4,,, -w,/,''//~ ~~
This is a development of the Selfmate, played under
the rules of REF X CHESS, invented by B. G. Laws
in 1885, in whi:ch bo1m players p lay to be m:ate,d and 1
••

to avoid mating the adversary, with the added condi- 8~5 Maximummer
tion that if a mate on the move exists at any stage it (i) D-iagram
must be given. In a SE -REFLEXMATE the must-mate- (ii) e3 instead of
on-the-move condition applies only to Black.
•
Be5 and the same
51 G. F. Anderson 52 A.S.M.D. · ere are several o,ther varieties of the Maximum1ner;
The Problemist Feenschach 8077 DO LE- XIMUM1\1ER, in which both · ite :and
July 1967 Jan/Feb. 1967
Black must ea,ch p·lay their longest moves; XI-
~ ~ ~

~
~ MUM R \VI MAXI-PROI\IOTION, in wh.ic:h a Black
pawn prom,oting mu.st choose the pro;moted pie ce-rank 1

that would have the longe:s·t immeidia.te m·ove; LIKE-

%~/.'l, :///

'.// •
~,,.- /./:
N- XIMUMMER, in whi;ch Black mu·st each time
,,.,
move a man of the same kind as that last m:oved by
'//. ~ ite. The NIMUl\'IMER is exactly analo-g-ou·s to the
Maximummer, except 'that Black mus.t always play his
•
shortest move. In the LONGMOVER any Black man may
play, but must p,lay its lo·ngest m:o,ve. In the EQUI-
~ . ~ ~~ ~
,.,., ,
•
,'l//// , 1/, 1/,
MOVER Black must p•lay a move of the same le·ngth as
Reflexmate in 3 R~3,-Vertical Cylinder ite's last move.
21 Twenty-
 DITI and any solution along that line would be
' unsound ', ite h.avting bnoken the rule ' not i
(:L.J. to have hi1s King in check'. Se,c al'so p. 66.
85; H.S. 9-11.). See p:age 66 for exa,n1p·1es.
IN E ZIGZAGS. In b·o.th t·he Checking and
CHECK SS CHESS or PROHIBITION CHE.SS (Germ·an, Oap·turing Zigzags the Ma te is no1·m·a1 unless a Fairy 1

Ohneschach) is ·over 120 years old. Neithe·r ·side may Mate is as'ked for.
che,ck, exce-pt to give mate; and 1a Fairy Mate is nearly 55 T. R. Dawson
always required. L'Eclaireur du Soir 56
BLACK MUST CHECK (German, Schachzwang). A 1924 0.riginal H. P. Rehm
normal game and mate, e:x:cep·t that B1lack must give r: -~ ~ • ~
che·ck if he can. N:o. 118, p.66. W,"~ ~ ~ ~
~ :-- /.1 ~~ ~,1
NEITIIER SIDE Y CA U ('German, _neschlag). ,·
This form is fairly rare ( only one ·clear e·Xla.mple ,in all ~ ~~ ~/

FCR). A norn1al mat·e was generally required in the

past; but Fairy Mate m'.ay someti:me:s be e·xp-e1cte1d today. ~ '0 1//. ~ ~ ::; ,

BLACK MUST CA U ('German, Schlagzwan·g). A

normal game and mate, ·but Black must capture if he ~h ~ 1/,
c·an. No. 119, p.66. , 1/~ ;:..,. ~/~~ ½ .

:-' A :,✓,' ~ ~ ~ ..a..

ZIGZAGS
Zigzags were invented by W. A. Shin an ,in the ~ ~ ~ -~ I .;
,.,,.,
~'..~
0/1///,
~/,;~
~/.1/1//,
'
,,,,, •..

1870's and chris:tene·d by Tolosa y Carreras about 1890. Blackcap Zigzag

ey are a form· of problem in which the re,gu'lar alter- Mad.cap, Zig21a.g
1
nation of moves be:tween White ian·d B-la,ck may be sus- White Selfmates in 5 te Se·lfmates in 4
pe•nded. In 1911/12 T.R.D. exp•eri·mented and produced STIPULATIONS OUT A ACK (H.S. 11/12)
hundreds of illustrations and eX:tensi,ons.. See· N,o. 89, ·p.28.
B CK MOVES ONLY TO CHEiCK (G,erman, Schwarz- MAXATTAC Black must play the move thatR.
schacher). Black may not m•ove· at all, unle:ss he can attacks the largest number of White men. The King
check, in whic'h ca:se he must do· s·o. White may o·nly does not attack a guarded man and capture does not
che·ck if Bla-ck can annul it wit:h a c!heck'ing move, count as attack, although it may result in attack. If
excep·t in t·he fin,a·l che·ckmate, which is generally a attack is not possible, then there is a free choice of
'Norm:a•l Mate' (q.v.). inove.
, ATTACKER. Black must attack the last-moved man.
BLACK MOVES ONLY TO CAPTURE~ (German, If that is not possible, then there is a free choice of
Sch'warzs chlager). Black may not move· at all, unless he
1

move. A Black man that has already attacked before-

can c-apture, in which case he must do s,o. W:hi:te m:ay hand is disregarded.
only •c'heck if Black has a ca,ptu-ring move in reply,
excep:t in :the final checkmate, whi ch is general•ly normal
1 COUNTERATTACKER. e newly-attacked man
mate. (See al,s·o No. 5 in Ap1pendix A on page 38). must on its part attack one of the adversary's men.
Pinned men do not attack. If that is not possible, then
CHECKING ZIGZAGS (German, S,chachzic·kzack). Black there is a free choice of move.
may only play if he c·an give a c·he:ck, whi,ch he must
give, and he is free to cho-ose betwe-e·n sever-a·l checks. VARIOUS STIPULATIONS
White may neither capture nor check. In 1916 C. D.
1

This section contains what are properly speaking

Loc,o:ck app:lied this forn1 ·to a spe,ciai case (·C'alled b·la:ck-
che,ckers), using the w·hole Black force aga:inist very fe·w
Wh'i te men; an·d in 1923 he co,m:biined it with the Maxi-
1
1nummer, ca lling the result 'ZIGMACS' (·C.A., Dece•m:ber
1
1923, page 93). See 1also C.A. June 1920, p. 278, an:d
Caissa's Wild Roses, p. 15, and No. 121, p. 66.
CA URING ZIGZAGS (Ge·rman, Schla:gzic:kza:ck). There
are two forms, in both of which Black 1nay no:t move at
1
all unles s h·e can capture, in which case he must do so,
VARIANTS OF THE GAME OF CHESS. This vast sub-
ject has been dealt with by J. Boyer in his two books,
Les Jeiix d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes and Nouvea1lx
Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes.
NO-CA URE CHESS. Neither side 1nay capture,
un:less it is the only move to save the Kin-g (N.J. 38).
MUST-CA URE CHE-SS (French, Jeu des Jeunes
Filles). A norn1al game, except that a player must
capture if he can. Invented in Morocco by the daughters 1

while : ite may not either capture or check. (See
Caissa's Wild Roses, page 15). Also No. 12·0, p.66.
(i) B CKCAP ZIGZAGS. When Black plays his
compulsory ,capture ,he may on'ly captur.e one
1
, ite n1a·n in the normal way (FC R 5/1·1/p.88/
Ideas 13).
(ii) MADCAP ZIGZAGS. C.A., June 1920, p. 278.
(i) White does not cap:ture, check, or ever have
hi·s King in check. (-ii) Black move·s only to
ca:p·ture and d:oes so whenever he can. (If he h'as
no capiture, he doe's n:ot m,o,ve; i.f he h,a•s. two or
more capture·s in su,ccessi·on he m1akes them all
be f ore , ite move,s again).
1
e,se rules do not
1
st a·te that only one Black man make s the cap-
1
tures or that .a · :ite m·an m'ay not re m'ai,n en
1
pri:se in t·he mate; b,ut t-h1at the·se were T.R.D.'s .
intentions may be inferre,d from h!is pra·cti:ce anid
sty·le. After 1.Qb8, in N0. 56, Bla·ck could play
1
I ... Bxc4, but n,ot 1 ... BxSd7 8. Howe·ver,
l.Q·b8 would allow Bla·ck to p1lay 1 ... BxSd7+,
·rwent11-two
of Ul:tramar, before 1500 A.D. (D.d.,E. p. 208).
LOSING GAME. Capturing, if possible, is compulsory, ·
including capture of the King, which has no Royal
powers and n1ay therefore be placed on a square adja-
cent to the adversary's King. There is neither check
nor checkmate in this game, and the player losing all
his men, or being stalemated, wins. Pawns may promote
to King (FCR 9/8/p.68; L.J. 49; H.S. 13). See No. 57.
RIF CHESS was invented by W. J. Seabro,ok in
1921, Captures are made from a distance by ' shoot-
ing ' the captured man ·off the board, the capturing
man remaining stationary; each such capture counts as
one move (F.CR 6/13/p.94/Paper III; L.J. 55).
PROGRESSI CHESS, SCOTCH CHESS. e first
player plays one single-move, the second player plays
two single-moves, then the first player plays three
single-moves and the second player plays four single-
moves, and so on, with otherwise normal rules. Check
may only be given with the last of a series of consecu-
tive single-moves; and a player in check must annul the
22
check \Vith the first move of his ~eries, otherwise he is play to obtain the one sequence of moves leading to
mated. The critical period for mates is round about the desired end.
the time the players have six to ten moves, provided There are tw.o principal types of ' def ensi\·e ' retrac-
they have survived the o·pening (L.J. 43). Invented by tors, both invented about the same time in 1923/1924,
Znosko-Bo·rov·sky, 1947. by Dr. Niels Hoeg and Z. Proca. In the PROCA-TYPE
DOUBLE-MOVE CHESS, RSEILLES CHESS. Each RETRACTOR the players alternately retract any legal
player plays two single-moves on his turn to play. retraction they wish, both striving for a position where
Check may be given only with the second of these, and a forward move will mate the adversary ( or selfmate,
the first move of a player who is left in check must be etc.). In the HOEG-TYPE RETRACTOR the adversary
to annul the check. For stalemate, the King, instead on each single-move may state at his o,vn \Vish and
of playing two moves, need only play one move to put discretion what man (if any) has been uncaptured,
itself into stalemate (L.J. 41; H.S. 13). except if a particular retraction must be made for the
KRIEGSPIEL was invented by W. H. Temple at the sake of legality.
ti111e of the Boer War. For a full account of the game, Nos. 59 and 60 show the two original problems of
and some very remarkable problems, see G. F. Ander- each type of the defensive retractor as printed in the
son's book, A 1·e There Any? For other accounts see Chess Amateur.
L.J. 46; N.J. 56; H.S. 11; and FCR 3/13/p.135/ and 3/12/
p.124. Each player can see only one board with only his 59 Dr. Niels Hoeg 60 Z. Proca
own moves on it. An umpire with •a third 'bo·avd c·op,ies Chess Amateur Chess Amateur
the moves made or attempted by both players and tells Jan. 1924 Oct. 1924
them whether their suggested move is playable or not t ~- ~ ~ ~
(no more). A player on his turn to play may ask, ''Are w ~ -~ '///
there any?'' (meaning any pawn-captures). If the ~ ..I.. w ~~ ,0 ..I..
0,~ A m ~•~ · A
umpire says ''Yes'', the player must attempt a pawn-
capture. If successful, then his move is complete; but if
that capture was not playable, he may continue either
attempting pawn-captures or moving his men until he
has made a move that is playable, and then he must
stop. The umpire also announces, '' Check to the King / .- . . 0 ~- ,,
~ Ll ,,. •
. ~
~
on the rank (file, long diagonal, short diagonal) '', no
more. If check is given by a K'nigh,t the· umpire only
announces, '' Check from a Kni·ght ''. The umpii·re als·o
announces capture·s, s.ayiin'g o·n which squ are the c:ap- 1 -~ ~ ,~- ~~
ture too,k plac:e (no mo1re)t thus, '' B11ack ( 1ite has ite ''Retro-Mates'' ite retracts; Black
captured 0 n e7 '', no~t disclosing the n1a:n1e of the
1
in 2 retracts any legal move
cap,tured or c·apturing m'an. (dedicated to Mr. T. R. he pleases; ite again
Dawson) retracts and mates in
57 Hans Klilver one.
and Dr. Karl Fabel 58 G. F. derson (dedicated to W. Paul)')
FCR 7457 Are There Any? ST MOVE? problems
Oct. 1947 1958
In these the solver is invited to deduce the
g ~~ ~ ~ exact last move from an analysis of the positio,n. The
composer aims at presenting the problem with the
~ ~1/.t %ft, , ~ ;7,1
1/, '/

½'~ :,;a 1//. ~ ,-½½ minimum number of men. Current minimum figures for
all moves in the three types will be found in Appendix
B (ii) . The three types are :
~~ ' -~
A.-No K in check, turn to play not stated.
~ ~ /// , 1/, - ~
~
-
~ •1• / , 0 ~
•
1/,
B.-No K in check, turn to play stated.
w,
,, ~;:
m:,~
~&4: ·✓
~~ :1'.
✓~/,~
w~
%'.;·:;%;
~
·m 0,
.
.½ "'
~
1/,~ C.-K may be in check, but apart from
1/. ~ . - ~ % /, ✓ ,, ,/ ✓-~

?tf:~ '//// ~ '// ~ , ~ ~ -~ A ., , ,.,. 1///2%, this, turn to play not stated.
% ;~%' ,:; ~
Numbers 61 to 64 below show all three types, No. 64,
@, 1//. '// 1/
~ ~
. 1//, .,- 1//4 / .,.1/,
J 1/,~//~1//, -1/~ 1/,
by Ceriani, holding the record for King captures Queen
Losing Game Kriegspiel in all three types. Note that the exact last move is
•
ite to play and Win Black to play and ite required, namely King from g8, not from g7; and any
to mate in two piece o·ther than a Queen at h8 would make an illegal
position.
• AT REQUIRE RETRACTION In No. 61 Black has no legal retraction (P(d2)-dl
• B is illegal check). So White must retract, to give
PLAY OR RETROGRADE ANALYSIS Black a legal retraction. White therefo,re retracts
K ( d2) cl, leaving cl unoccupied. Black ca.n then
(a) On a line leading back to the Initial Array. retract K(al)-a2 and 1
ite then retracts R(cl) x bl.
RETRACTORS (Retro-mates) (The 20th Century Not, in 61 diagram position, ite retracts K ( d2) x
-
Retractor, by Mrs. W. J. Baird; an·d H.S. 13/14). (Also S(cl); for if the Black Knight retracts to b3 (the only
Niels Hoeg, On Retraction Chess Problems, 1927). empty square), there i·s illegal check.
In Retractors (retro-mates, retro-selfmates, retro- No. 63, with 7 men, has four men less than the figure
helpmates, etc.) the stipula·tion normally has the f or1n: (11) given in the Table accompanying the Pavlovic
'' White(Black) retract(s) his (their) last n m,ove(s) and . Tourney Award in the Sahovski Vjesnik Theme
play(s) instead in order to mate(selfmate, helpmate, Tourney. lt is the ref ore the most economical position
etc.) in n move (s). '' known today for R x B in Type C. Note that Black is
HELP-PLAY type retractors i·nvolve co-o·peration :mated, which is within the stipulation, ' Black (who
between the two players in retractions and in forward may be in check) to play'.
23 Twent11-three
 Solutions to Nos. 62-64 will be found in the Solutions (i) White is to move- i.e. Black made, or could
Section, and there are four further Last Move? posi- have made» the last move.
tions of all three types in Appendix B (ii). (ii) e·re are n 0 promoted men on the boiard.
1

PE 'A' TYPE 'B, (iii) e position is ' legal '-i.e. that pa\v11s could in
61 C. E. Lind 62 Z. Maslar fact have reached their situation on the diagram
1937 1957 by means of captures, if necessary, and there
are enough missing men to provide these cap-
:t ;,;
~1/.
;:.:; ; , ?fa ~
tures.
..I. . ..a.. ¼
To estab:lish these three p,oints requires retro-analysis,
A Ai ~
analysing backwards from the position to ascertain the
¼ ~. • previous n moves. Similarly, if a composer of an ortho-
dox direct-mate wishes to have 'P x P e.p.' as his key,
then retro-analysis of the position must show that the
~ opponent's only possible last move must have been a
~ double-step pawn move with a particular pawn.
Retro•analysis is, therefore, one of the most natural
pieces of equipment for every orthodox composer, and
,.f~1 e ,.... , ,.,.,~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ solver. But it may be extended to become a major
8 men 11 men theme in itself, instead of being merely an adjunct to
Last Move? Last Move? the theme of the problem, and its possibilities as a
K(d2)cl P x R(b8) =B 4th Prize theme in itself are fascinating and infinite.
Problem 16th Theme Six examples are selected here, Nos. 65-70, to show
some of the features that often occur in problems
•

Tourney
requiring Retraction or Retrograde Analysis. No. 65
TYPE 'C' TYPES 'A, B & C' illustrates the question ' To Castle or not to Castle '.
63 W. Cross 64 L. Ceriani After the key-move Q x d6, Black's only hope ( a for lorn
Original 1967 1951 one) of escape from a mate by the ite Rook at f8
is to castle long. He therefore plays B b7. In this posi-
?fa~ ~~ :' ~'.f¾ n & j :t ::; z
tion both sides now have their Kings and rooks on their
m~ ~ ~~;_
- . • •
home squares, which is the prerequisite for pt:=r111ission
•

_.. ~
;f{~ ½ 0 ~ ~¼l!Z'~ %• .,% A to castle. Now, if the ite Queen is the original
-~ ~A A ~ Queen, then ite must have moved his King to allow
her to get out, in which case he has lost his permission
//,,% ~% ¼ / //
//.;_;_,/, ~:::,",% % ~ ~ to castle. But if it is not the original ite Queen, but
a promoted White pawn which promoted on g8, f8 (or
~ . ~ "// ,/. ~ d8), the only possible squares for the promotion, then
1/,,~ . ~ the Black King must have moved out of check, and so
~ ~ Black would have lost his right to castle. eir rights
~ i~·
% ~;;
to castle are therefore mutually exclusive, and in such
~ / ~ //~ %~ -~ ~ ~ ~ a case it is the player with the move who has the prior
7 men Last Move? 13 1nen right, in this case ite, whose turn it is to play. ite
Last Move? K (g8) x Q (h8) 1st Prize accordingly castles, and thereby shows that his Queen
R(g7) x B(h7) Sahovski Vjesnik is a promoted pawn, with the result that Black must
2nd Theme Tourney have moved his King and cannot now castle. Other
points to notice in this position, are these: the White
Rook at al and the ite Queen's Bishop at cl and the
TROGRADE ANALYSIS (Retro-analysis) original ite Queen were all three captured on their
Literature: (see also Appendix G) home sqltares by a Black Knight that leapt across the
ite pawn barrier and back again. The other three
Retrograde Analysis by T. R. Dawson and W. Hundsdorfer.
White pieces, the two Knights and the King's Bishop
Introduction to Retrograde Analysis by Dr. Karl Fabel, a series of
articles in FCR, starting with 9/11/p.86 and ending with 9/21/ frotn fl, must all have been captured by the three
p.174. Black pawns, each of which has made one capture, on
Chess Problems by Lipton, Matthews & Rice, Chapter 16, p.239. a6, d6 and g6. It is usually best, when tackling a prob-
Am Rande des Scbachbretts by Dr. Karl Fabel. p.71 • Retro- lem requiring retrograde analysis, first to count up the
Rekorde '. missing men and the pawn captures on both sides, to
Rund om das Schachbrett by Dr. Karl Fabel, p.68, ' Rekorde in see whether or not they tally; this often provides a
der Retroanalyse '. clue to the solution of the problem.
Einiges iiber Schacbanfgaben by Dr. Karl Fabel, p. 76, ' Retro-
analyse '. No. 66 has another very common feature of retro-
32 Personaggi e un Autore and La Genesi delle Posizioni by L. grade analysis-the question of whether or not P x P
Ceriani. e.p. is legal. In this position there is clearly a mate in
Scbach nnd Zahl by Bonsdorff, Fabel and Riibitnaa, p.19, • Retro- 1, if d5 x c6 e.p. is legal, which would be so if Black's
analyse •. last move had been c7-c5. The solution will be found
1

Einflihrnng ia das Miircbenscbach by Hermann Stapff, p.13 ' Retro- in the solutions section, but here we will just use this
Problem '.
problem to practise working out the pawn-captures. A
Retrograde alysis is really only an exercise in count soon shows that 5 Black men are missing, a
deductive logic applied to any chess diagram. ere Knight and four pawns, and no ite men are missing,
are_many forms of orthodox problems with quite and ite has made five pawn captures, one with
n<,1·01,al direct-mates that require , ·ro-analysis. •
to f3, one with e2 to the d-file, one with a2 to the
b-file and two with b2 to get round back again on to
Every composer who wishes his problem to meet the the b-file. Relating these to the missing Black men, we
requirements of editors or tourneys has to establish find that Black's d7 and f7 pawns were captured by
that certain conditions are met, for instance : White's e2 and pawns; while Black's Knight could
Tioent,/•fOUT 24
have been captured by, say, White's a2 pawn. This PARTIAL ANALYSIS
leaves two more ite captures still to account for, 69 H. August
in order to get ite's b2 pawn round back again on and K. Fabel 70 T. R. Dawson
to the b-file; and these come from Black's e7 and g7 FCR 7065 Retrograde Analysis
pawns, which must both have promoted, on el and gl Dec. 1946 No. 100 -1915
respectively, before going across to the Queen's side /,. i;,J'.t~«
~ ~ % ~0 ~ ", ~,'l ~%. /,
of the board to provide ite with the necessary two . • ~Wd W,,.,,,, ~
1/
1/,
..,,
;,; w1:
1//,/,
%;,.;~
,z,:,,;,
captures f·or hi,s b2 p,awn; s·o last move s were not 1 .L ;,; ~ 1/. 1/, ~1/,
1/,
Ke4-cd4, Pxf3 +.
, ,1' //

Nos. 67 and 68 show retraction with other ' Fairy '

features-in 67, with a Grasshopper; and in 68, with a ½ ~ - ~ 1//1/.

Vertical Cylinder board and the added demand of ,'//

.z ~;' t @'ffj ~ ~
ascertaining which was the original a-file (as a tip to
the solver, the composer has here shifted the position ~.1/d;},
? '-'-'-
~ 0 :...:I¼
00 ¼
:J:::;/'1 i! ,1///,'/✓'1',
'. - 1/,
;,; ,
'//// ~
laterally to make it more difficult to spot the solution, ., /,"/,./

%~ ~
, /,-'//.',.

1/, z ~
which is in any case not at all easy to find). .,... -
/~
,.,///,{/,, •
~
///,'.
i~/// 1/,1/ ~~
,' 1/,;~
:,:futl,'/,, ~/2 / :•;,;, ~Z½
,., •'r- ~ '/,,,';;/
,,fa . 1. ~
No. 69 shows a feature that is typical of some of /,
, l;;;:,
c::.:.::J/.
·,·. ,,
z/ ·
,,~_ .
-✓-
1//
1/~
ill.~
~~~ /
✓~-,
'
.~./:
1/.
,/~
•1//'0
, .
.'·>.,-:,/1/ --' '
the ' record ' retraction problems; after a few retrac-
tions a position is reached where ite can do no Black and White retract Mate in t,,,o
more than oscillate his King between two squares, 35 (double) moves and
\Vhile the Black King sets out on a long, laborious White mates in one
journey all round the board and back again to SHORTEST GAl\'IE problems, requi1·ing the discovery
' uncapture ' a pawn. of the shortest possible game leading to a particular
Note that in No. 70, if Black's last move ,vas position, are a very common application of retro-
d7-d5(e7-e5) it is proved that White cannot castle:; analysis. Nos. 71 and 72, two classics, sho,v positions
but if Black's last move was d6-d5 (e6-e5) then White is reached after 17 and 16 moves respectively from the
still able to castle (see note on page 64). •
game array; the problem is to r·econstruct the game .
To the second one the famous American pro blemist,
RETRO-ANALYSIS Sam Loyd, added the further condition-\Vhite mates
in 3.
66 T. R. Dawson
65 Dr. Niels Hoeg Eskilstuna-Kurieren 1923 72 H. E. Dudeney
Schwalbe - July 1933 ''A Steeplechase'' 71 Sam Loyd (and W. A. Shinkman)
N.Y. Clipper Leeds Mercury
11!,:1 ~ ¼-" - ~ t ~ . ~· ~( J<'};:jj ~ ~ 1895 Supplement 1895
~'% f@~ .L ½'~/' , ½'(.'% .L
1/, ~o~ ;,:z ,1//,~

f %~.~ f·~· ~ ~ ~, ~~ ~ / '.

1§
~
~~ ~i0,f~ z;, wl .,- ~ .::::~ ///..,,', %
A ;~ I! i ~ / ,,M A ¼ 0'3 ~.+ ~:~
, /. -~/ §Ji~ ,,1//-1/, :-:; -:,,;,1 /.-'.///'/1/,1/ ,:( '1/~
./ 1/,-/,, .- /,,,-~, . /,,'/// ;-,,, 1/./4

~~t %~~ z /~ ~-✓,~ '. '. i½ ~ '/// 0 ~

, ',, ,,.,,1/1
. z,: %,?-'~ ,, 1/;~ ~1/, /, / , ~

£0¼ ~5 ~ ' 1//, ,· ~ ' ~ 1//,/.0 ;0,,,1/, ½,0 .. ,//,,

~ ~~ WfiJ. ;/t:··;, .
~ ~ , / 1/, 0,f:o 1///~ i ½' ::..- %' ~£fa / ,,:?½ ~'.:i½ ;.t~~

~ ~ ~ ~ 0..-;; .1/.;~ ~ 1 ;% ~:.,;..; 0:--½: : .~ 0 1/,

/,,,'~
m:-~
,.;;;,;..;Z;
1//,(c'~
, / :;,;,,;;;,/
m:-~
,-,,;,;:,;Z,
m:·~
2i ~ 2 - 1/;.: ~ ,,B, ~ 0 ~ ~
~~ """"' 1// ~ 1/,' ,;,;.
/,,,
o ~
'/~///~0,
·~ ~;
'//~,.,.,'-»,/,/.
~ o '/;ff✓/✓~/-.
~ ~ ~; 'J'///,-~///~
~
'.- .1 ,~; ~.;;, ;; '}._X P; . . ~ ◊ ~ • \.,;,: ~
lviate in One ~ ~~ ,,/,~ ~
/t=_j//.
, -""'i /
<ir) . ,. ~- //
., , - //
':_'cf ,., Q, ~ / ' . .. .
, -✓
2- 1\,
'~,
. ~
•
/ '//
-,.
, .,, ... , ......
, ,
'-' . .::::::,
---
,,
/_.__ -- -- ,
/ ;, ... / ,
, //j .J.;i
/ . , , -. - . - --- .

RETRACTION Play a game leaving (i) Position after

only the 2 Kings in 17 Black's 16th move;
67 C. M. Fox 68 V. Onitiu moves. reconstruct the
PFS 687 -1933 Schwalbe - 1934 game
(ii) (Sam Loyd) mate in
~% ~1//2 ~ 7//, ~ ~ ~
0%l~~ ~; three
(b) On a line not leading back to the Initial Array
~~ The Retractor and Retrograde Analysis problems that
we have so far studied have had ' legal ' positions, that
is to say, positions that could, in theory, if not in
practice, have ari,sen in a game of che·ss ·playe·d under 1

%. // ~
,,
.::
'/,, z ~~.L
· A i
¼
½
the orthodox rules. It is clear that true retractions
from such positions must be retractions of forward
~ .+ moves that could have been played in the forward
= /.,..,.
..... ;
/,, // -~
: ¼
/ 1/,~

,.,., "'z - .
• • •
'////. , -- ,
%

~ ~
game .
~ ~
.,.,__ '
/~ /~ ,.,., -~ ,,@, %! "//////,
It would, however, be quite possible to make a
Black and ite retract : Vertical Cylinder ' false ' retraction, of a move that never could have
then White stalemates (i) Retract 8 (single) been played in a forward game leading to the diagram
•
1n one moves and mate in position. For instance, to retract back from the diagram
-G one. position to a stalemate position must clearly involve
(ii) Reflect position left . an illegal retraction-since the game could never have
to right and the proceeded forward from the stalemate position.
same In problems in this category there is, therefore, very
(iii) In both, which is often some element of 'impossibility'· or 'illegality'
the original a-File? in the play, if not in the diagram position itself.
25 Twenty-five
 -

11he first sound AUTO TROSTA TE Wta.s by II. CONSTRUCTION TASKS

E. Fielder, :in FCR 9/14/.p.112/10,695, in whl,ch · ·te
retracts and Au to·retrto stalema,tes in 2.5 move·s., wi'th no
Blac'k K.in:g 0n the bo ard, and all the 1
ite me·n that
are on the bo,ard hiave to return to their origin:al
square s of the game arr,ay. No,s. 73 and 74 show the
1
magram ·and the final p ositi,on; the in tervening m oves
ca·n be fo·und in the so,lu tion:s .se,cti on. The vitally
1 (a) ONE-MOVER CONSTRUCTION TASKS (see Appen-
1
dix D for a fuller account)
In these tasks a position must be constructed (legal
or illegal, with or without promoted men and/ or pro-
1 1 1
motion in play, in a forced or a non-forced form, etc.)
1 1

important po,int abouit task:s of this so,rrt is tha,t the,re where the Maximum number of mating-moves, check-
mus t be no ' du1als '-i.e. every m·o,ve mu st be ,th e only
1
1 1 ing-moves, capturing-moves, stalemate-releases, etc.,
po ssi·ble move by th:at piece to a.chieve the resu·lt, and
1
can be played either by one, or by both of the players.
the order of the mo•ves must be forced. Such tasks have interested composers for over a
73 E. Fielder 74 E. Fielder century, and many of the records have been, or still
FCR 10,695 FCR 10,695 are, held by such famous composers as W. A.
Feb. 1957 Feb. 1957 Shinkman, T. R. Dawson, or N. Petrovic.
;t;'~ : ~ ~ ~% A table showing the current l\Iaximum records in
:~'/,'// ; 7/, ~-,,,~ ~,mJ
~ ~~ ~ ~~ One-Mover Construction Tasks of certain kinds is to be

~~,~
, 1/, ✓- ~if, ~~
0,½0 ~ ✓-~ //~ found at Appendix D, along with diagrams of all the
.~ ~ ~ ,,,~0,
positions concerned. Nos. 77 and 78 sho,v two
,'// / '// '// % ///, %
W:~ ,, // ,'// 'lh ~ minimum positions, both legal .
.,,.,, ~ ~~ ///, ~ ,~
~,,% ~ ~ %, 7, 77 T. R. Dawson
~ ~ ,½ 1//. '// ~ @'~ '// ¼ Chess Amateur 78 E. Fielder
-i ~ ~ m@ · ~ ~ ~ ~ . 1923 BCM-1938
1/, ,1//, ' ',
1/~ ~,,~ mx~ ~l'.1/~ / 1/./2 % '...!..! -,,,, .
. ,:% ~):i¼ ~.@ ~//?. • ~ -=-' ,,,... • / ~
White retracts and All White men are on
autoretros,talemates in their initial squares
25. No uncaptures

STIPULATIONS
There is only room here to show a selec·ted handful
of these.
I. MA IN O M problems, not involving retro-
analysis.
This type of problem really demands no 'play' at e 32 men in a legal
all, as there is only one single-move. The quasi-move position with only two
that the King cannot make to extricate itself from the moves
'mate never takes ·place--and 'play' only exists when
there are two moves.
One type of these problems demands finding the mate (b) A11D 0 N CONSTRUCTION TASKS
in one move in a position where there are many bluffs There are many varieties of these, but we include
and deceptions to lead the unwary solver astray. It
may be a quite 'honest', orthodox position, where the just four examples here, all demanding a position in
mate is very difficult to spot, as in Dr. Karl Fabel's six which the Black King must be added to the board on
fine examples, with a time-schedule for solving, at the the maximum number of squares, in three cases in a
beginning of Rund um das Schachbrett. No. 75 shows checkmated position, in the fourth case in a stalemated
one of these. Another type is a proble'm with some position. All four are the current maximum records
illegality in it that requires correcting before the mate
in one m·ove can be given, a·s in No. 76 below. with the most economical use of material.
See the Dictionnaire des Echecs for the dis:tinction
between an ''il'legal po'sition'' and an ''i,Iilega•l prob•le·m''. 79 J ilrge·n '
litz 80 Dr. K. Fabel
D1ie Schwalbe 2826 FCR 4325
76 Dr. K. Fabel Oct./Nov. 1968 Nov. 1939
75 J. Perkins Deutsche ·Sc;hachb,latter
1
0, .

~ ~
V,

Chess.-Dec. 1950 Mar. 1951 I"//~

~ . ,,, z ~ ~
~ ///

~
,,,,✓, ~~
m~
½ ~?a :~,~~ ~?a ~
½ ~ ~
:z A ~
~ :;,; ~ ~
. .,,,,,,,, ~z .,,,,.,✓, ~% -~ ---
~i ~ ~
¼
~ ~ ~

ra ~½ · ·ra 1//2 ~
, ~ •'ll

~ ~ ~--. // 1 ~ 1/, ~ ~ 1///~~;.;...'-

,,,,,,,, ~z ,,,,,,,, ii½
%
~- .,~,.,,,,,;
1/,,.
47 squares on which 36 squares
~
....;:.;.; ~ ~ ~ ...;; ~~~L-- Black King may on which Black King
Mate in one move Ma te in one move stan!d legally mated may be mated in one
Twenty-six 26
 81 W. H. Reilly 82 Ma,tti Myllyn•ieff11i 85 Dr. K. Fabel 86 Dr. K. Fabel
FCR 6458 Pro blem 109-111
1
Weltspiegel Schachspiegel
June 1945 . to,ber 1967 29 Dec. 1946 Oct. 1948
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W;:I ~ ' ' ,. ~ , ·;,,

,~ • ~ '

~ ~ .· ,~ ~ ~ A A
~ ¼~

¼ ~ 0 ~ A ~;,;~
~ ~ A
~ 1/, • • '//~

1/, '// ,,,, ~ •

~, ~ ~ -~
,..,.,. ~ ~ ~ ~
'//,,,,, ~ 0 ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ?.
~ ~i ~
"//.

~ ~ ~
1/,
,1/~ ~
1/, /~ , /~
~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ W-$. .W
36 squares 15 squ,ares on w·hich Add one ite Pawn Add the ite Queen
on which Black King B1a:ck King m·ay and mate in 2 and mate in one
may stand purely mated stand in stalem,a,te
IV. MATHE TICAL CALCU
•
TIONS
(a) KNIGHT's TOURS and GIC SQUARES
The Tour of the chess-board by a particular piece has
(c) AR GEl\lENTS been studied from time immemorial and there are in-
The Arrangement is a type of Construction Tasl{ numerable variations, but basically the idea is to
demand that the piece must visit every square on the
that does not demand even one move, but merely the board once in a single series of successive moves.
arranging of certain men on the board to conform with The Knight's Tour is the best known, and the funda-
given conditions, as for example : mental example, in which the Knight, starting an here
on the board at choice, must visit each of the. squares
once only in 63 moves. If the squares visited are
(i) Place 8 Queens on the board, all unguarded; numbered in order we obtain an 8 x 8 square of all the
how many solutions? (No. 83). numbers from 1 to 64, which can be arranged in various
ways to confor111 with various mathematical stipula:
tions, such as Magic Squares, in which all the rows
(ii) Place the minimum number of Nightriders on and columns, and the long diagonals, add up to the
an Anchor-ring, all unguarded, so that a Black same sum. A Magic Knight's Tour is not known on an
rex-solus is stalemated and all unoccupied 8 x 8 board, but it has been achieved on larger boards,
up to the 32 x 32 board. The nearest approach to a
squares are guarded (No. 84). Magic Knight's Tour on an 8 x 8 board is shown in
No. 87 below, where the rows and columns sum to 260,
butt ·the diiagonals to 256 and 264. e oldest Magic
83 Dr. Nauck S-Tour wa,s by W. Bevel"ley in 1848, PFS 2/16/p.166.
84 June 1967 A.S.M.D.
Illustrierte Zeitung 1850 Feenschach 8255 The earliest known Knight's Tour dates from about
900 A.O., in the days of Muslim Chess, although the
manuscript in which it was found may be not more
than about 700-750 years old. H. C. Warnsdo·rfI, in 1823,
proposed an interesting systematic method for con-
structing a Knight's Tour - at each turn move the
Knight to one of the squares which gives it the fewest
?;,~~ number of choices for its next move; if there is a
choice of such squares, any one can generally be
selected at will.
This rule seems to be effective for other boards and
for pieces other than a Knight.
~ ~ ~ 0 1///2 ~ 87 C. F. de Jaenisch 88 C. F. de Jaenisch
'/////,
-0~ @ ~ ~
1862 1862
8 unguarded Queens 5 unguarded Nightriders
How many variations? on an Anchor-ring, with 10 35 48 23 38 29 50 27 35 64 45 52 37 56 41 58
a Black Rex-Solus stale-
mated and all unoccu- 47 22 11 36 49 26 39 30 46 49 36 61 44 59 38 55
pied squares guarded. 34 9 24 45 32 37 28 51 63 34 51 48 53 40 57 42
How many variations? 21 46 33 12 25 52 31 40 5047623360435439
8 63 20 57 44 1 14 53 3 32 13 20 5 22 11 26
III. Problems 19 60 5 64 13 56 41 2 14 17 4 29 12 25 8 23
ere are many varieties of these, but two are 62 7 58 17 4 43 54 15 31 2 19 16 21 6 27 10
selected here to show the type of thing that can be ·
•

59 18 61 6 55 16 3 42 18 15 30 1 28 9 24 7
achieved with this simple condition. No. 85 is straight- Near Magic Knight's Knight's Tour
Tour First half-tour in lower
forward, but not so No. 86.
half of board
:I i7
' Twent11-seven
 •

•
(b) FAC1,S AND FIGURES ABOUT CHESS shown that the figure should be 5,899, the last
T. R. Dawson published an article ' Curious Maxima move being (by White) Kg2 x R hl. This, how-
and Minima ' in Chess Pie No. 3, in 1936, from which ever, is a capture, and under the 50-move rule a
some of the following have been taken, while others further 50 moves by the two Kings are permitted,
come from Schach und Zahl, by Bonsdorff, Fabel and as wa·s pointed ou1t by A. H. F. Britten in the
Riihimaa, 1966. All revised by Dr. Fa:bel in 1968. S. African Chess-player, Oct. 1956 (see BCM 1959,
(i) Boards. The lines of the board determine 204 p .. 306, by A. J. Roycro,ft).
squares and 1296 rectangles. The board can be (xi) Number of Possible Games of Chess
cut into exclusively square pieces along the lines According to N. Petrovic, in Sahovski Vjes1iik,
in 146 fundamental ways. 1948, there are 1018,900 possible games of chess,
(ii) Kings. The two Kings may stand on the board but J. E. Little,vood, in A Mathe1natician's
in 3612 legal positions. When standing on their Miscellany, gives a very mt1ch higher figure,
initial squares the two Kings may exchange 1070.5.
places in seven legal alternate moves in 28,008
ways. The White King on an empty board may (xii) The Famous Legend
play fro1n el to e8 in 8 moves in 5704 ,vays; from The Indian inventor of the Ga111e of Chess,
d4 to e5 in 8 moves in 359,800 ways. SISSA (Sassa b.Dahir?), was asked by his King
(iii) Rooks. A Rook at al may move to h8 in 14 ( or in some versions, his Queen) what he would
moves in 3432 ways. like as a reward. He replied, ''Give me a gift of
(iv) Bishops. Moving one step at a time, a Bishop may corn, one grain for the first square on the board,
two for the second, and so on, doubling up to
play from el to e7 in 8 moves in 483 ways.
the 64th square." The monarch, surprised by the
(v) Knights. A White Knight at al and a Black apparent modesty of the request, ordered the
Knight at hl, playing alternately six moves, may cor11 to be brought, but was astonished to be
exchange places in 10,476 ways. told that there was not so much corn to be
(vi) Pawns. White Pawns at a2 and h2 may promote found in the whole world. The number of grains
to Queens, without capture, in 2100 ways. White required would have been 204-1, which is
Pawns at a3, b3, c3 and d3 may advance to the 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 grains (Schach und
7th rank Withou t C'apture in 63,063,000 ways.
1
Zahl), or enough to cover the ,vhole area of
(vii) All 32 Men, regardless of legality, may stand England to a depth of 38.4 feet.
in 4,634,726,695,587,809,641,192,045,982,323,285,670, PUZZLES AND CUR.IOSITIES
400,000 or 4.6 x 1012 p·ositions.
(viii) Legal Positions Tl1is is an immense section of Fairy Chess, and there
White Black To Play Number is no roo1n here to do more justice to it than to select
of Positions a fe,v examples. Some of these may also have claims
K K either 3,612 to appear in one of the previous categories of prob-
K,P K i,te 163,320 lems; a certain amount of ambiguity is unavoidable.
K,B K White 193,262 For many years, up to the first quarter of this
K,B K Black 223,220 century, any ' heterodox ' problem was generally known
K,S,S K White 5,748,640 as a ' Puzzle ', and that word would have been used for
K,S,S I{ Black 6,785,140 nearly all the forms mentioned so far in this booklet.
without limitations ... 2 x 1043 approximately. It has been very largely the result of 1'. R. Dawson's
work that the word ' problem ' is now used instead.
(ix) Opening Moves of a Game of Chess But there are still some forms that can be quite
The number of different positions possible after conveniently shown under the heading ' Puzzle '. I shall
the first few moves of a game of Chess are as not attempt to define where a Puzzle ends and a
follows : Problem begins; perhaps someone else can undertake
1. i te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 that unenviable task. But there seems to be some
1. Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 indefinable quality in these examples that makes them
2. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,362 ' Puzzles '. Some of them require skill and effort on the
2. Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,852 reache,d ;in part of the solver; some are ingenious tricks that
ca. 197,500 ways astonish when the solution is known; some are mere
3. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810,000 'quibbles', word:.quibbles or chess-quibbles; while
3. Black . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,130,000 - - within 1 % some are downright dishonest ' confidence tricks ' that
(Schach und Zahl) can drive the frustrated solver to speechless fury when
he discovers, after hours of fruitless solving, that ' it
J ameis Maso:n, in his se,cond an,d subsequent ed:itions can't be done '-but they all have their rightful places
of Princi1Jles of Chess, publishe,d a figu·re of Edwin
1

in Fairy Chess, and many of them can be a source of

Anth·ony'•s showi,ng 169,518,829,100,544,000,000,000 pleasure and amusement in idle moments.
000,000 ways of p:l aying ·the first ten mo,ves in a
1

This meagre selection must serve to illustrate so vast

game of ches,s, and this figure has ve·ry frequently a field.
been quote·d in che ss l,itera ture. Dr. Ka,rl Fabel
1 1

publishe,d an article i'n Die sc,hwalbe May 19,68

dem o•nstra1ting thalt this figure was an exagge,ra-
1 89 W. A. Shinkman In how 1nany moves can the Black
ti101n, and tha,t a truer a,p,p,roximati,on would be Deutsche King capture the White Knight?
1029. Edwin Anth·ony was eviden-tly not a m athe- 1 Schach-Zeitung King not to move into check and
mati,c•ian, for h is figure was in·e~act from the 2nd
1 1874 White Knight and Black Pawns
d·igit. not to move.
( x) Longest Possible Game of Chess is wa,s o·ne o;f tih·e two first
T. R. Dawson investigated this question in 1911 problems to be chri;stene•d ''Zig-
and gave the figure of 5,900 moves in the Chess zags'' by To·losa y Ca·rreras in
Amateur, May and June, 1911. Subsequent inves-
1892.
tigation by Drs. Sunyer, Hoeg and Fabel hav£
Twenty-eig,ht 28
••

90 Anonymous Move the king to al without its 98 Richard Steinweg

entering b2. Pawns cannot move. 97 Jose Paluzie pre-1910
How many moves are required? pre-1910 ''The Volcano''
H. E. Dudeney published this one ~ ~ ~
~ "' cc , ?Ia:;;_- ~
as 'anonymous' in 1922, in Chess 7,:,.,::

Pie No. 1, but it is clearly derived ~ , ~ q&

~~
from the Shinkman above. ·., 1/, :,,,

?; ~ 0 , ~
'%1 ~
~
¼. 0

91 T. R. Dawson ~ 1/, I ~~
1/ ~~ ¼' 0~
v,~

Bolton Football Field ~,,,. ~~1//b., ,.,,. 'z -~ ,,;

1911 'REVOLVER PRACTICE'
0 ..I. , :?
• 1/, , ~
'fhis is a very well-known w ¼ ¼ i • ~

_;,;,;.,_..;;.;.;.;.~~~- _. ~- puzzle that has frequently ~ ~

..;.;.;.

z ~ ~ 1/,,,,.~ ,.,
':/,,,. :;,; been reproduced.
•
~
ite moves and mates White moves and mates
Mate in 21 moves ;:.: : •
1n one at once

92 Sa111 Loyd
c.1875 'OR ODOX' PROBLEMS (without Fa.iry
' THE 14/15 PUZZ ' Conditions)
1 2 3 4 Using the one empty square, shift Dr. 0. T. Blathy published some remarkable problems
5 6 7 8 the 15 numbered llooks until 14 in the C.hess Amateur in 1922, under the heading
9 10 11 12 and 15 are in the right order.
'DARK DOINGS', showing the whole force of 16 Black
13 15 14 men arrayed against various minimum White forces,
such as King and Pawn, or King and Knight, with
ite to win ! Early predecessors, ,vith direct mates
Skakbladet 1906 94 T. R. Dawson by a lone ite Pawn, were composed by Charles
93 L. A. Munck Caissa's Fairy Tales
1947 Tomlinson in 1845 and the famous American composer,
dedicated to J. Jespersen
E. B. Cook in 1857.
No. 99 shows a neat miniature, dated 1946, with a lone
~ q&
~ ~ ~~ ite Pawn against a small Black force, and No. 100
~ ~ shows one of Dr. Blathy'·s 'DARK DOINGS', a lone
White Knigih:t against the 1·6 Black me,n. But see Ap;px.
A, No. 7, for ear'lier Darrk D·oings. 1

99 H. M. Lommer
FCR 6735 100 Dr. Q. T. Blathy
1W, ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ =~;.:..'-
1946 Chess Amateur 1922
Black has untimely re- White wagered that he •
m ~ ~ ?Ia
would NOT win this ~
moved his King from the 1/.,

board, and now offers to game. He therefore now

plays and loses ..I. ?fa
move as White wishes. './j './j '/h

·te mates in 2
The board IS empty ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ¼
~ ~~
95 T. R. Dawson 96 Labourdonneltzky
Caissa's Fairy Tales pre-1910
1947 ~ ~

1W, ~ ~~ ~ ~
' , 'It
1/, •' ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ,,,.,,- ~ 0~ ~
~
~ ~ ,vhite mates in 3 Mate in 12 moves
~~ , ~(.
•

A ~ , At the time of publication of No. 99

~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~
~1/, i¼ ~~
the minimum setting for double pro-
~~ ~~ ~~ 1/~
~1/, ,.,,. ~1/, • .•

~
• motion to Queen and/or Rook was 15
?;
Black men, of which one was a
promoted Rook.
~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ,.,,. ,

~ ~ ~
Since Selfmates are now, after 1000 years or so,
•

ite mates in two half How can the two Kings

be mated by one and the regarded as practically ' orthodox ', I may perhaps be
moves
same move? forgiven for concluding this Orthodox Section with a •

Twenty-nine
29
 •

Masterpiece by Oscar Burger, dedicated to ., Harold M. The Orthodox Chessmen

Lommer, the leading exponent in the realm of multiple
promotion ''. These appear only in the first two steps. The King
has the combined movements of the Wazir and the
101 Oscar E. Burger Fers; the Pawn has a limited King's movement for-
Chess Pie III - 1936 wards, with two special extensions, e.p. capture and
double-step first move. The Knight is the only orthodox
chessman that extends to a second-step leap. These are
all the Leapers of the orthodox game.
There are three Riders in the orthodox game-the
Rook, which is a Wazir-rider; the Bishop, which is a
Fers-rider; and the Queen, which is a King-rider, or
(Wazir+Fers)-rider. Just as the King combines the
Wazir-Fers movements, so the Queen combines the
Rook-Bishop movements.
e Fairy Chessmen
The Riders are all derived from Leapers, and the
ite Selfmates in Hoppers are all derived from Riders. A Hopper cannot
13 moves be derived directly from a Leaper. (The Nighthopper
is not a Knighthopper, but a limited Nightriderhopper,
The problem requires solving, of course•-but after as the spelling of its name implies.) The Tables 'Named
that, the solver might further answer the question, Riders ' and ' Named Hoppers ' below show on the left
'' How many well-known ' themes ' are combined in this the step of· the aper from which each Rider or
problem, and what qre they?''. Hopper is derived.
Since Leapers do not operate on ' lines ' at all, a
ENERAL check from a Leaper cannot be annulled by inter-
THE THEORY OF MOVEMENT -Leapers, Riders position, but only by capture or flight. Because Riders
and Hoppers (see Nos. 5-10 and 15). and Hoppers do operate on ' lines ', a check from one
of them can be annulled by interposition on the line;
All the Orthodox Chessmen belong to one of the first and from a Hopper it can also be annulled by unoccu-
two categories--Leapers or Riders. The Hoppers are all pying the intervening occupied square, thus illegalising
unorthodox, although the Rook, according to the Laws the ' hop '. The Equihopper is no exception to this, but
of Chess (FIDE), ' hops ' on the castling move. because it is derived (on an 8 x 8 board) from all the
All chessmen in aJl three categories are derived from first three steps not all its checks can be annulled by
one or both of the two· basic single-step Leapers, the interposition on that board, but only the orthogonal
Wazir (orthogonal) and the Fers (diagonal), which and diagonal ones. Its angular checks (based on second
cover between them all three squares of the ' first step ' and third-step leaps) can be annulled by interposition
from al. The Dabbaba (orthogonal), the Alfi.I (diagonal) on 9 x 9 and 13 x 13 boards respectively, or on larger
and the Knight (angular) cover between them all five boards.
squares of the second step. There are not enough
named Leapers to cover all the squares of the remain- APERS. A Leap is a direct movement of a chessman
ing steps, but wherever a named Leaper does not exist, from the centre of one square to the centre of another
a numbered one may be used, thus : 0-4 Leaper, 3-5 defined square, without· regard to any sqttare other
Leaper, etc., etc. than those two.
NAMED LEAPERS
Orthogonal Diagonal Combined Angular
Orth. or Diag.
1st-step WAZIR 0-1 FERS 1-1 KING 0-1,1-1
PAWN 0-1,1-1
2nd-step DABBABA 0-2 ALFIL 2-2 KNIGHT 1-2
3rd-step CAMEL 1-3, ZEBRA 2-3
4th-step GIRAFFE 1-4, FIVELEAPER 3-4
5th-step FIVELEAPER 0-5 ROOT- 50-
LEAPER 5-5
7th-step ROOT-50-LEAPER 1-7
See diagram 15, p.11.

Hors de Concours ZERO 0-0

RIDERS •

A Ride is a continuous series of Leaps from the centre of one square to the centres of other open squares
lying at intervals along a straight or bent riding-line defined by aps that are legal to the riding chessman. A
Ride may be:
(a) Orthogonal, with Leaps of 1, 2 or more steps (Rook, Dabbaba, etc.)
(b) Diagonal, with aps of 1, 2 or more steps (Bishop, Alfil, etc.)
(c) Angular, with Leaps of 2, 3 _or more steps (Knight, Camel, etc.) •

The MAO and the SERPENT are both unique chessmen, and do not fit exactly into any of the other groups,
because they create new kinds of movement, but their movement is certainly angular, and they fit best near the
Nightrider. It is important to notice that the Mao is a Rider, not a Leaoer, but its ride is limited to two steps
only, the first orthogonal, the second diagonal.
Thirty
30
NA1\1ED RIDERS (see diagram 9, p.9)
Orthogonal Diagonal Combined Angular
Orth. or Diag.
1st-step ... ROOK, CADET, BISHOP, UNICORN QUEEN, EDGEHOG
BALLOON, ARCH- HUNTER, SUPER-
RANKRIDER, FILE- BISHOP, etc. PAWN
RIDER
2nd-step ... DABBABA-RIDER ALFIL-RIDER NIGHTRIDER, (MAO, SERPENT)
PAWN 0-2
3rd-step .. . CAMELRIDER, ZEBRARIDER,
4th-step .. . GIRAFFERIDER, FIVERIDER 3-4
5th-step ... FIVERIDER 0-5 ROOT-50-
RIDER 5-5
7th-step .. . ROOT-50-RIDER 1-7

HOPPERS
A Hop is a movement from the centre of one _square to the centre of another defined square lying on a legal
riding-line on the far side of n occupied squares on that riding-line.
NAMED HOPPERS (see diagram· 10, p.9).
Orthogonal Combined
Diagonal Angttlar
Orth. or Diag.
1st-step ... ROOKHOPPER BI SHOPPER GRASSHOPPER, LOCUST
RANKHOPPER, FILEHOPPER etc. LlON,KANGAROO,ORIX
PAO VAO LEO
2nd-step ... DABBABA-RIDER-HOPPER ALFIL-RIDER- NIGHTHOPPER
HOPPER NIGHTRIDERHOPPER
3rd-step .. . CAMELRIDERHOPPER
ZEBRARIDERHOPPER
1st, 2nd &
3rd-steps .. . EQUIHOPPER
4th-step .. . GIRAFFERIDERHOPPER
FIVERIDERHOPPER 3-4
5th-step ... FlVERIDERHOPPER 0-5 ROOT-50-
RIDERHOPPER
5-5
7th-step ... • ROOT-50-RIDERHOPPEil
1-7

Notes: Some of these pieces have not actually been identified, but they are theoretically possible chessmen. Riders -of the 4th step and above
,vould need a larger board than an 8 x 8 - for instance, a Girafferider used in Fee1zschach 5001 Oct. 1960 needs an 11 x 11 board.
The Victory-Hoppers (FCR 6/2/6528, 6529, etc) are really Equihoppers on a line of an even number of Leaps, bent at the half-wav point
to fu11n the shape of the letter 'V'. ·

• DEFINITIONS ORTHODOX CHESS. The Game of Chess as defined in

• the current FIDE Laws of Chess; one particular variety
An attempt is made here to provide some definitions
to cover some of the terms used in this booklet. The
precise definition of what is meant by such terms as
' mate ', ' move ', ' board ', etc., is an important and
necessary part of all Fairy Chess activities by solvers
or composers alike, and the commonly accepted mean-
ings of words in Orthodox Chess may often be quite
inadequate in Fairy Chess. For instance, a ' move ' in
orthodox chess must always terminate on a square
other than that from which it started. This is not so
in Fairy Chess, where a move on a Cylinder may
terminate on the same square it started out from,
while a capturing piece in Rifle Chess does not even
move from its square. New definitions are clearly
needed.
This attempt is offered with no claim to final perfec-
tion, which would be absurd in a subject so constantly
evolving. Asteri sks denote the author's own proposals.
1
It is assumed throughout that there are two players,
ite and Black.
CHESS. A board game, probably invented in India
sh,ortly befo:re 600 A.D., using a se•t of chessmen on a
chess-board.
of Ches·s. N . th:a·t th,i·s is co·n·stant,ly c:hanging.
Orthodox Problems
Direct-mate Chess Problems using only the Orthodox
Laws of Chess as defined by FIDE and the Piran Codex,
Article I, Section I. White is always assumed to be
seated at the foot of the diagram of an 8 x 8 board
with his chessmen at the initial array standing on the
1st and 2nd ranks of the board. The square hl is
always white-coloured.
FAIRY CHESS. The whole range of the Game of Chess
and Chess Problems, and exercises or pastimes con-
nected with the chess-board or chessmen, with all the
varieties of rules and conventions that have existed, do
exist, or may exist in the future; of which Orthodox
Chess is one particular variety.
Fairy Chess Problems
ere nothing is stated to the contrary, the orthodox
rules are, for convenience, held to apply. The square
al is always black-coloured and is the origin of the
mathematical co-ordinates, x,y.
MATERIAL ELE NTS OF CHESS. There are two, a
chess-board and a set of chessmen.

31
1 Thirty-one
BOARD, CHESS-BOARD. area (or volume) of alter-
nating white and coloured units of any shape or size
forming a latticework, real or imaginary, within which
a game of chess may be played.
N, CHESS N. A static material element of the
Game of Chess that may be granted certain imaginary
defined ' powers , and a name for identification, and
which can occupy, or control by threat of occupation,
n units on a chess-board; a Piece or a Pawn.
SQUARE. A unit of a chess-board, of any shape or size,
white or coloured, in the centre of which a chessman
may stand and away from which and into which a
chessman may be moved.
Open Square. A square into the centre of which a
chessman may legally move.
Guarded Square. A square controlled by a chessman
lly a threat of moving into its centre, or in Checkless
Chess by the fact that the move of a King to that
square would give check (not mate).
CELL. A square in Space Chess; a cubical unit in a
Space Chess Cube, white or coloured, in the centre of
which a chessman may (theoretically) be suspended.
CUBE. A Space Chess Board constructed with two or
more layers of cells for the purpose of three-dimen-
sional Space Chess games and problems.
IIYPER-CUBE. An imaginary board for Space Chess in
four (or more) dimensions.
MOVE (noun).
(a) An alteration in the position on the chess-board
made by one player when he moves n chessmen away
from the squares they occupy. This is known as a
' single move ' or ' Half Move ', and need not always
terminate in a position different from that in which it
started. The termination of a move in a static position
depends on the legal movement of the chessman and
the option of the player. An 'infinite' move has no
termination (see PFS 335/Feb./1932, by T. R. Dawson).
(b) Two sucl.t single moves played alternately by White
and Black, ite playing first. This is also known as a
' Whole Move ', or occasionally, in retractors, as a
'Double Move' (q.v.).
(c) e legal movement available to a chessman by
definition, as ' Queen's Move ', ' Knight's Move ', etc.
The word ' movement ' is preferable in this sense.
lVHOLE MOVE=two single moves played alternately
by ite and Black, ite playing first.
DO LE MO = two consecutive single moves by
ite or Black; occasionally, in retractors, used to
mean 'Whole Move' (q.v.).
Single-step Move = a movement by a chessman from a
square-centre to an adjacent square-centre.
Double-step Move = two consecutive single-step moves
in the same or a different direction; a leap to a square-
centre two steps away, as by a Knight.
Leap, Ride and Hop have been defined in The eory
of Movements.
traction the exact reversal of a move that has
just been played, after which it is still the retracting
player's turn to play (forward). An irreversible move,
such as an e.p. capture or castling, may be retracted. ·
Forward Move = a move made by a player in a game
of chess from a position to which the opponent has
just played; or in a Series-mover, from a position to
which the player has just played.
Thirty-two
A move forwards = a move towards the player's pro-
motion rank of the board.
Mating-, checking-move, etc - a single move ter1ninat-
ing in a mate, check, etc.
Orthogonal Move = a move of n legal leaps along a
rank or file.
Lateral = along the rank, leftwards or rightwards
from White's viewpoint.
Vertical along the file, forwards or backwards.
Diagonal Move = a move of n legal leaps along a
diagonal.
Diagonal (noun) = a row of squares that are contigu-
ous but which lie in different ranks and files. The ' long
diagonals ' on the 8 x 8 board run from al to h8 and
hl to a8.
*A11:gular Move = a m-0\re alon,g a line of n legal leaps
that is neither orthogonal nor diagonal; Knight, Carne!,
Zebra, Serpent and Mao have angular movements.
Perpendicular Move = a move in Space Chess that is
at an angle of 90° to an orthogonal move. A Space
Rook has Perpendicular and Orthogonal Moves.
*Stationary Move = a legal move th at termi•11~tes with
1
the chessman(men) concerned occupying the sarne
square (s) that it(they) occupied at the beginning of
the move. This is found especially in Cylinder Chess;
also in Rifle Chess, for the capturing man.
MOVE . e manner and direction in which a
chessman may legally be moved by a player away from
the square that it occupies. No two chessmen may
simultaneously occupy the same square (except in
Ghost Chess), but a riding man may pass through a
square-centre occupied by a Transparent Piece or an
Invisible Man, and an X-ray piece may pass through
any occupied centre.
CA URE = the manner in which one or more chess-
men may legally cause the removal of another man
(men) from the square (s) on which the latter stand (s).
A Tank may remove one of its own men from the
board, and in Madcap Zigzags multiple captures take
place.
PIECE = any chessman other than a pawn; sometimes
loosely used to include pawns.
Orthodox Pieces. King, Queen, Rook ( or Castle),
Bishop and Knight.
Fairy Pieces. Pieces other than Orthodox Pieces.
Combined Piece. A Piece combining n powers of
other chessmen with its own.
PA = a chessman standing on the 2nd or 7th ranks
in the Initial Array, with po,wers of promotion.
Fairy Pawn = a pawn with special powers, such as
Berolina Paiw·n, Superpawn, Neutral Pawn, etc. (The
Ge1·1nan terro ' Marchenbauer ' has sometimes been
used for a special kind of Combined Piece, properly
known as an X-mover/Y-capturer.)
POWF:RS OF C SS N
(a) of Movement; (b) of Capture; (c) of Promotion;
(d) Special Powers:
(i) Power of Castling-King and Rook. (ii) Power of
e.p. capture-all Pawns on their 5th or other defined
rank of the board. (iii) Royal Powers -the passive
power of the King to cause the end of a game when in
chec ate, and its compulsion to annul any attack on
itself. (iv) Fairy Powers see Sections II to IV and
Appendices Kand F.
32
 •

G D -STAL}~ TE = a position in which neither

(a) e Ga111e of Chess = a form of diversion or
intellectual exercise using chessmen that can be moved
on or off a board.
(b) A ga1,1e from initial array = a series of n legal
moves by ite and Black leading from a defined
starting position to a defined final position.
P Y (noun). The reciprocal effect of a series of 2 or
more single moves made alternately by ite and
Black, or consecutively by either.
(verb) · ite (Black) to play = it is ite's (Black's)
turn to play a move. Unless otherwise stated, ite is
to play; except in a Helpmate, Helpstalemate, and other
Help-play types, where Black is normally to play.
SITION a pattern formed by n chessmen, standing
at defined relative distances apart if there are more
than one.
INITIAL ARRAY = the pattern formed by the 32
orthodox chessmen standing on an 8 x 8 board at the
commencement of an orthodox game of chess.
STIPU TION = the demand(s) made on the solver
by the composer of a chess problem. The Laws of
Orthodox Chess are held to apply at all times except
in so far as the composer has defined other conditions
in the stipulation beneath the diagram, in which case
those other conditions are held to apply all the time
that particular diagram is being considered. The
principal exception to the latter part of this convention
is the Maximummer (q.v.).
player's King is in check and neither player has a
legal move available.
*FAIRY MA = a checkmate position in which so,me
Fairy condition or conditions is or are still operating.
*NOR L MA = a checkmate po·sitf,on accordin·g to
the o · odox Laws of ess.
ECONOMICAL a checkmate position in which
TE -
the whole force of the mating player, with the permis-
sible exception of King and Pawns, takes part in the
mate.
PURE MATE - a checkmate position in which thert~
is in each case only one reason why the mated King·
may not move to each of its potential flight-squares.
MODEL MA a mate that is pure and economical.
PIN-MODEL MATE - a model mate in which one of
the 1nating player's men pins an adverse man that
could otherwise def eat the mate. By convention.
this is held to cover a case where the pinned man
occupies one of the mated King's potential flight-
squares, which is thereby both blocked and guarded.
MIRROR TE = a checkmate position in which all
the eight (1st-step) flight-squares of the mated King are
unoccupied.

NK. (a) of a chessman = the conventional term
used to denote the legal powers of that chessman in
distinction to other chessmen-as, Queen, Rook, Grass•
hopper, Joker, Pawn, etc.
(b) of the board = a horizontal row of squares, as
viewed from the seat of either player, or appearing as
horizontal in the diagram.
FI = a vertical row of squares on a diagram in a
line that runs straight forwards or backwards on a
board.
PERPE ICU R = a vertical row of cells in a Space
Chess• Cube that appear on a Space Chess Model each
in a different layer of one column of diagrams.
DO MIRROR l\'IATE = a checkmate position in
which all twenty-four of the 1st-step and 2nd-step
squares surrounding the mated King are unoccupied.
See No. 103.
IDEAL TE = a model mate in which every man on
the board belonging to both players takes part in the
mate, pawns not excepted.
PASSING CHECK=a quasi-check that occurs temporar-
ily while n chessmen are still in movement before the
termination of the move in a static position. Some
passing-checks can be seen in No. 102 below and also
in No. 36 in the secli on on Cylin.der boards, 'Temporary
1

Self Unpin'. In No. 102, during ite's move 000, the

FORWA •tOS = towards the player's promotion rank. ite Rook gives a passing-check while crossing over
bl; if the White Pawn makes a double-step first move,
BACKWARDS - away from the player's promotion it gives a passing-check while crossing over a3; if the
rank. Bishop-Rook battery opens, the ite Bisho·p gives
UP THE BOA = towards White's promotion rank. passing-checks until the Rook comes to rest on its final
square; and if the Nightrider at b8 moves to c6, d4 and
DO E BOA - towards Black's promotion then comes to rest on e2, it gives a passing-check while
rank. crossing c6. Passing-checks may be disregarded.
MODEL, SPACE MODEL a diagram for Space Chess;
a set of n diagrams each (n x n) arranged in n layers 102 Passing Checks 103 Double Mirror Mate
in a column to represent on paper a Space Chess be
of three dimensions. ~ ~ '¼ ~ ~ --~ ~ ~

II ER-MODEL = a set of (n2) diagrams each (n x n)

arranged in n columns to represent a Space Chess
Hyper-Cube of four diinensions.
*CH K = an attack on the King by a h,ostile c:hessm;an
~:::%1, ' ,, ~
threaitenin1g .j,1n,1ned!iate_capture of the King.
*CHECK , - a position in which one player, •

whose King is in check, has no legal move available by

which he can annul the check. ~ , ~ ' .. , ~ ~ ~

STA a position in which one player, whose This is also a Model

King is not in check, has no legal move available. Mate
33 Thirty.three
 RULES AND CONVENTIONS convention generally accepted today is that any • Fairy '
conditions given in the stipulation do not cease to
(a) PAWN-PROMOTION operate so long as that diagram is under consideration,
One-Mover Construction Tasks. A pawn standing on unless the composer specifically states that they do
the 7th or 2nd rank can move to the 8th or 1st rank in cease. In other words, every ' Fairy ' problem requires
four different ways, by promoting (which is compul- an equivalent ' Fa·iry ' mate. The onily reguLar exce-ption,s
sory) to Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight. The same seem to be the ximummer, and Zigzag proble·ms (see
applies if it captures from the 7th or 2nd rank to the pp. 21, 22), in which a 'Normal' mate• is usual,ly require.d.
8th or 1st rank. Each of these moves or captures T. R. Dawson's statement in Paragraph 1 (General)
counts as one move. of Elements of Fairy Chess in FCR 5/5/p.39, that ''an
Cylinders and Anchor-ring - see under Cylinder orthodox mate is understood'' is therefore now out of
boards, page 14. date.
Latent Pawn. en a form of Latent Pawn is used SOLUTIONS
in a problem the exact nature of the convention should
be stated in the stipulation-whether it may, or may (thr. - threat)
not, be captured; whether promotion to two Bishops 2. 1 Kb7 thr Rc4
running on the same colour is permitted or not; 1 ... Gb2 2.Qe8 ;,_ (No interposition on d7 by
whether promotion, when it comes, may be to any Bl.G)
captured piece, or to Queen only, or to the ' master- 1 ... Gd7 + 2 Rc4 ;,_ (R moving relieves the check
piece ' of the file only, in which case some provision to )
must be made for the King's pawn. 1 ... Ba3 2 Rb4 db.ch -:;6 (Check from R and G)
Fairy Pieces. The composer has the option, if he wishes, 1 ... P x P 2 Ga8-:;6 1 ... Sd5; 2 Gc6¥ (P x P d·oes
1

of deriving his Fairy Pieces on the board from pawn- not rel·iev'e check) 1 ... S·d3; 2 Gc2¥
promotion. If nothing is stated, they are not so derived. 4. 1 Nc6 (waiting), Pa2; 2 Ng4 r
A pawn may promote to the rank of any Fairy piece · 11. Black begins.
that is already represented on the diagram, in either 1 Rc6, Sb5; 2 Bc5, Pc4 -:;6. 1 Bd6, Sc6; 2 Rc5,
colour, or men ti on·ed in the stipul,a·tion.
1 1
Sb4 -:/=.
(b) CASTLING. The Piran Codex makes it clear that if 12. Black begins
King and Rook are on their respective home squares 1 Se5, P x S; 2 Be8, Pe4; 3 Ke6, P x B = Q ~-
on the diagram, and if Castling is not proved to be 13. Black begins
impossible, then it is permitted.
1-5 Phl B; 6 Bd5; 7 Be6; 8 Ke7; 9 Kf6; 10 Bf5;
(c) EN PASSANT CAPTURE. An e.p. capture is not 11 Kg5; 12 Kf4; 13 Be4; 14 Ke3; 15 K x d4;
legal unless it can be proved that the previous move 16 Bd5; 17 K x c5; 18 Kd6; 19 Be6; 20 Ke7;
was a double-step first move of the pawn to be cap- 21 Kf8; 22 Bf7, Bb4 -:,6.
tured. Th.i s pro:0 f i·s ,als·o nece ssiary in One-Mrover
1 1 1

14. Black begins

Construc1ti on Tasks-Die Schwalbe, 2547, •s10.lu,hlo n p.64,
1 1

May 1968. 1-5 Pfl = S; 6 Sg3; 7 gl =R; 8 Rg2; 9 Ra2; 10 Se4;

It is also possible for the proof to occur in the course 11 Sc5; 12 Kc6; 13 Kb7; 14 Ka8; 15 Sb7; 16 Ra7,
of the solution, after the key-move, as in No. 104 Rc8-:;6.
below (see also Appendix C, page 39, the Piran Codex, 16. Black begins
Article 4). If Black last played Pb6-b5,Rb6-c6 or 1 Ke7, R-50-Lal; 2 Kd8, R-50-Lb8; 3 Kc8, R-50-Lcl
Bb6-c7, then White must have moved his King or Rook stale
either on his last move or on the one before the last. 17. Black begins
If, however, the King or Rook have not yet moved, then 1 Pc4; 2 Pd2; 3 Pdl =S; 4 Be2; 5 Rfl, Bg3 :;6
b7-b5 must have been Black's last move. So White p·lays (owing to the stipulation, promotion to B on
1 a x b6 e.p.+,Kb5; 2 b x c7+,Rb6. Now White could move 3 would be to a Reflecting Bishop)
mate in one by Q x b6, but he must first legali·se the
e.p. capture by playing 3 Castles (000) and then he 18. 1 Pe7 thr Bd5
mates on the 5th move. 1 ... E x g8 + ; 2 Kgl -:/= 1 ... Efl+; 2 K x fl ¥
1 ... Eh3 + ; 2 K x h3 -:;6 1 ... Ef 1 x a2 + ; 2 Kh2 ¥
104 Problem 41-44 19. 1 Mao-f4 (no check) thr Rg6
March Werner 1 ... Mg5; 2 R or Q x Pao -:;6 1 ... Pao h3;
1957 Frangen 2 Q x Pao¥
1/, ~ ~ 1 ... Kh6; 2 Rg6 -:;6. 1 ... K x R; 2 Qgl-:;6
1 ... Pg5; 2 R x Pao db.ch ;,_ (NOT Q x Pao+,
z
:
'
½Wi:I
.:1/, ~. ~..L. p X Q)
~ ~ ~
20. Black begins
,.,
f'/
.
-
'
-1//2 ~- -
~ ..L. ;.-; 0
,,,, 1/,
~
1//,~
@
~
@ (a) 1 Sd8, P x S=Q; 2 Pd5, Q x B
~. ~ ~ (b) 1 NPe5, Be4+; 2 Pd5, NP x P e.p. ~
?;; ~ 22. Black begins ·
1 Kd8, G(gl)d4; 2 Ke8, Ec4; 3 Qd8, G(d4)h8 :;6
(Bl.B cannot withdraw to e7, check from G (e3)
or d6, check from E) Model Ma·te
24. Black ·begins
:,,,,,; ~ ,, ,, ,~
1 Ka7(1g2), Kb6(1h3); 2 Ka8(Ih4), Kb7(1h5) :;6
25. 1 Sg4(1Jc3 Bl.S); 2 Pa4(1Jc5-Bl.P); 3,- 5 Pa7
,

(1Jc8 Bl.P); 6 Pa8=B :;6 (IJcl=Bl.B) NOT

(d) , NORMAL and FAIRY MATE 6 Pa8=Q(IJcl-Bl.Q+)
There was considerable discussion about these in 26. Black begins
FCR, especially in the last two issues, 9/20 and 21, in 1.Phl=Q+, Ke2; 2 Q(hl)cl, 1Sd3 :;6 (both Qs can-
articles by Messrs. Kemp, Willcocks and Nixon. The not move out of IS's command)
Thirt11-f OUT 84
27. Black begi11s Guarded by
•

1 IV (R) revealed at a8 : 000, Qa8 -:/::- III Ad2 changing B at IV Bd2

28. Black begins in both IV Bd2 one co- P at IV Bel
L. 1 Kd4,Kb4; 2 Kd5,Kc3; 3 Kc4,Kc2; 4 Kb4,Kb3; IV Ac2 ordinate B at IV Bd2
IV Adl like a B at IV Bd2
5 Ka5,Kc3; 6 PxP,Pb4:;c:
R. 1 Kg6,Kg4; 2 Kf6,Kf3; 3 Kg5,Kg3; 4 Kh4,Kf4; IV Ad3 ROOK B at IV Bd2
5 5,Kg5; 6 Ph6,Pg4:;c:
IV Acl blocked by pawn
29. 1 Bbl,Kdl; 2 Qd6,Kcl; 3 Qf4,Kdl; 4 Qd4,Kcl; IV Ac3 K at IV Bb2
5 Qe3,Kdl; 6 Qd3,Kcl; 7 Qc2 ::/:- IV Bdl changing
30. 1 Qf8+,Kel; 2 Qd6,Kfl(f2); 3 Qf4+,Kel; 4 Qd4, IV Bd3 two co-
Kfl; 5 Qgl ¥- III Adl ordinates U at III Bc2
III Ad3 like a
32. 1 Bh4,Kf8; 2 Kh7,Ke8; 3 Kg6,Kf8; 4 Ba3-t- ,Ke8; III Ac2 BISHOP Kat IV Bb2
5 Bh3 -:/=- IV Bc2
33. 1 Bb7 thr 2 Qf4+,Ke(g)l; 3 Qf8 :;c: III Bd2 block.ed by Pawn
1 ... Pd3; 2 Qa5+,Ke3; 3 Qa7¥-
2 ... Kf(g)l; 3 Qf8-:/= Guarded by
34. 1 Sg4, l(d5; 2 B(e7)g2+ ,Kc4; 3 Bb5 -:/=- IV Bel B at IV Bd2 and
1 ... Kd3; 2 Bb5+,Ke4(d2); 3 Bg2(g5) ¥- IV Bc3 changing K at IV Bb2
1 ... Pe5; 2 Bf8+ ,Kd5; 3 Sf6 r- III Acl three co- K at IV Bb2
35. 1 Nc7 (via b3,a5) ,Kal; 2 Rel -:/=- III Ac3 ordinates
1 ... Ka2 (b2); 2 Rel disc.ch :/= III Bdl like a B at IV Bd2 and
A Nightrider at c7 on an empty 3 x 8 board III Bd3 UNICORN K at IV Bb2
III Bc2 K at IV Bb2
guards a2, b2, a3, b3, c4, a5,b5, a6, b6, as, b8, cl.
37. 1 Sg4, Ke4; 2 S(hl)g3-:/=- (Pure Mate) III Bel changing K at IV Bb2
1 ... Kc4; 2 S(·hl) a3 db.ch ¥- (l ..ire Mirro1~ Mate) III Bc3 four co-
1 ... Kc6; 2 S(;hl)1a7:;c: (Pure M·irror Mate) ordinates
1 ... Ke6; 2 S(hl)g7 db.ch -:/=- (Mode·l Mate) lil{e a BALLOON
38. Black begins. Set Play: N(d2)h4,Rb2; 2 N(f2) x b2 This picture of the King's ''move'' is a sufficient
'

stalemate basis on which to build up the moves of all the

1 Re4 (via e8), N (f2) b2 (via g8,h6,a4); 2 Rh4,
N(d2) x h4 stalemate
39. (a) Phl=Q 2 Qxd5; 3 Qb5, Pb3¥-
(b) Phl:R 2 Rh5; 3 Rb5, Pb3:;z:':
(c) Phl-B 2 Bg2; 3 Bb5, Pb3¥
(d) Phl=S 2 Sa7; 3 Sb5, Pb3:;z:':
n1en on a 4-dimensional Model.
In the original diagram (Model) of this problem
(The Chess Amateur, Dec. 1926, page 92, No. 25)
the White Knight at I Bb2 is misprinted as a
second White Unicorn; a fact that complicated the
unrave,Iling of the pro ble·m. Also, the stipu1a t:Ji'on,
1

was wrongly given as 'Maxi1nummer '.

40. Black begins
(a) 1 Pel B, Rh5; 2 Bg3, Bdl -:/=-
(b) 1 Bh4, Ke4; 2 Kg5, Rg6 ¥
( c) 1 Kg5, Kf3; 2 Bf6, Rh5 ¥-
( d) 1 Bh3, Ke4; 2 Bh4, Rg6 -
43. The Set l\ilates are 1 ... S any (losing guard on
Cbl); 2 S(E)-Cbl -:/=- and 1 ... P to Cbl (or
1 board.
Bb2) (losing gu:ard on Bbl); 2 B to Bbl -:;f=.
There is no pure waiting move and the strong
1 K x P is met by S check (e.g. on Ebl). The key
1 B to Aa3 leaves the Splay unaltered but cha11ges
the mate after 1 ... P moves; to 2 B to Ba2 :-..
44. 1 R(Ae2) - Be2 (forming a battery with the P at
Bc2)
1 ... R moves; 2 S (Db5) x P (Bb4)
1 ... P(Bd4)-Bd3; 2 P(Bc2) x d3-:/=-
1 ... P(Cd3)-Bd3; 2 P(Bc2) x d3¥
1 ... P(Cd3)-Cd2; 2 P(Bc2) x Cd2 ¥-
1 ... P(Dd3) x Cc3; 2 P(Bc2) x Cc3 :;z:':
1 ... P (Cb3)-Cb2; 2 P (Bc2) x Cb2 ¥-
1 ... U (Bc3) moves; 2 P (Bc2 )-Bc3 :;L
1 ... U(Cc2)-Bd3; 2 P(Bc2) x U(Bd3) ~
1 ... U(Cc2) x Bb3; 2 P(Bc2) x U(Bb3) or P(Cc2) ¥-
1 ... U(Cc2) other; 2 P(Bc2)-·Cc2 -:/=
46. 1 K to IV Bb2. If now 1 ... R to III Bb2 (a move
of length 2 units) Black obstructs his Balloon
and 2 B(I Del) x P(IV Acl) -:/=-. Alternatively,
if 1 ... Balloon to III Bb2 ( a move of length
equal to the square root of the sum of 4 u11its,
i.e., 2 units) Black obstructs his Roolr and so
2 S x P(III Ab2) -:/=-. (TRD's solution ends here.)
The Black King has 23 potential flight squares,
six each on III A, III B, and IV B plus five on
IV A.
Spherical Chess
Once the movements of the pieces through the
Polar Points have been understood from the
circular diagrams, these problems are more easily
followed by setting up the position on an 8 x 8
47. 1 Bes, any; 2 Bf8 ¥
NOT 1 Bf8+ ??, Kf5
2 Pb4+ ?? , Ba4 or Re4
· 48. 1 Se8, K x S NOT 1 Sc8+, Kg8
2 Kg6 ~ 2 Se7+, Kh7
1 ... S any
2 Sd6 -:/=
1 ... P(b3) any
2BxS-:/=-
49. 1 Ra4, Pc6; 2 R(c5)a5, Pc5; 3 Pc4,Pg4-:/=-
50. 1 Bh5 thr 2 S x e2+; 3 Qc4--t-
1 ... R any; 2 B x e2+, Q x B; 3 S(cl)d3+, Sbl ~
1 ... Bx e5; 2 Sd3+, Sbl; 3 Sf4+, Qd2 ~
51. 1 Bd5 (N 1 Rxb3? ,Ra7 !; 2 Qxb5~) thr. 2 Rh2
threatening 3 Bg2,Pb2¥= - - if 2 . . . Pb2 +;
3 Kxa2,Pbl (Q) ~ if 1 . . . RxS; 2 Rxb3 (NOT
2 Rh2? ,Rc4 !) threate.ning 3 Rbl,Pxbl (Q)-:/=-
52. 1 Qh2+, Ka8; 2 R x R+, Q x R; 3 Kal, Qcl -1--
53. (i) 1 Bd6,Qh4; 2 Bf4,Qd8; 3 Be5,Qdl; 4 Kf4,Qd8;
5 Bd7,Qh4 ~
(ii) 1 Kf4,Qa3; 2 Bb5+,Qd3; 3 Pe4,Q x b5; 4 Pe5,
Qe8; 5 Ke4,Qa4 -:/=-
N.B. In move 4, Black's move Qb5-e8 is longer than
b5-bl; this can be verified in the Maximummer
rrable, Appendix B (i), page 38.
54. 1 K&3,Fal+; 2 Kb2,Fa8; 3 Ba2,Fhl; 4 Kal,Fh8 ¥-

35 Thirty-five
-
55. 1 Rb6, B x b7; 2 Rc6, P x c6; 3-4 Khl; 5 Rb5,
p X R ¥=
1 ... B x b6; 2 Sc5, P x c5; 3-4 Kgl; 5 Rb4, P x R =;if.
TRD's comment: ''clean-cut critical play without
the mess of short threats that clutters up the
usual direct-mate of this kind.''
56. l.Sf6,Q x al; 2.Se8,--; 3.c5,B x c5 x d6;
4.Ba6,Q x B¥=
1 ... B x c8; 2.Sel,Q x el x al; 3.Qc7,B x Q;
4 ..c3,Q X c3 X C4:;i=
1 ... Q x ; 2.Ba6,B x c4 x a6; 3.Qe6,-;
4.Rhl,Q x hl x h6 x g7 x f6 x e6~
1 ... Bx c4; 2.Ra4,Q x . ; 3.Qc5,B x Q;
4.Sg4,Q x g4 x c8¥
e fu1ll quad-ruple ooho achie·ved. T. R. Dawson
said ,that he hlad spent over 100 oom1posin'g hours
in vain tryin-g to achieve it (see page 66).
57. 1 Ke4, Qd8 forced; 2 Kd4 wins. NOT 1 Kgf4, Qa6
draws.
58. Black promotes the Pawn. White then plays
1 Ral +. If Black captures the Rook (with Q or
R) play 2 Bc2 -:,!=.. If no announcement (which
means Black has moved Kb3) play 2 Ra3 -:;i::..
59. Black's lost 4 men were all taken by White Pawns,
so Pg7-g6 was not recent; and Black may not
add men after White piece retractions. Added
men are given in brackets. Key retraction,
1 Pe4 -e5.
1 ... Kb8(or a7)a8(WR); 2 Ra7(or b8)a8+ and then
Q X b7 -:;i:.
1 ... S-c2(R); 2 Rb2-c2 and then Q x b7 :;i= (note
that S could not have come from b4, illegal
check)
1 ... S-fl (R); 2 Rbl-fl and then Q x b7 =fa
1 ... Rgl-hl(B); 2 Pe3-e4 and then Q x b7 ¥-
1 ... Bgl-h2(B); 2 Pf2-f4 and then Qa4-:/:-
1 ... Bg3 x h2(B); 2 Bgl-h2 and then Qg8 =;I=.
1 ... Pg5 x h4(B); 2 Bf2-h4 and then Qg8 ¥-
1 ... Rdl-d2 (B) ; 2 Be3-d2 and then Qg8 -:;i=
1 ... Pf7 x g6 (R); 2 Qb6-b3 and then Rg8 =I=
1 ... Pe6 x f5(S); 2 Sd6-f5 and then Q x b7 ':/=
60. Retract 1 Ke3 x Pd3, forcing Pc4 x Pd4 e.p. + Then
ite retracts 2 Pd2-d4 and plays instead 2
RX B ~.
62. ter the key retraction 1 Pa7 x Rb8 = B, Black
now has a waiting retraction Pf7 x e6, so that
White can retract 2 Pa6-a 7 and free the Black
King.
63. R(g7) could not have taken R or S at h7, as this
would give Black no previous move; nor Q at
h7, as Black's last move would then have been
from g8, with an illegal check.
64. K(g8) x Q(h8), NOT K x S or K x R, as Black
would then have had no legal previous move;
nor K x B, as Black's pawns show that Black
could not have had a promoted Bishop.
65. It is easy to see why the Black King would have
been forced to move if he White f-pawn pro-
moted to Queen on d8, or g8. Suppose. how-
ever, it promoted to . on b8-which at first
sight appears possible: To do this it needs to
capture 4 of the 5 issing Black men to reach
b6, leaving the 5th1 missing Black man to have
'
been captured on h3. When the reached
b6, the Black position must have been as in the
diagram except that Black's b and c pawns
could have been on b7 and c7. Black now played
P(b7) x B or S(a6), and ite played Pb6-b7;
Black then played Pc7-c6 and ite Pb8=Q;
but now Black would have been forced to move
his King, to let ite play his Q away from b -
thus Black would have lost his right to castle.
Expressed in retro-analytical ter111s : from the
Thirtt,-six
diagram position Black retracts 1 Bb7-c8,Qb4•f4;
2 Bc8-b7,Qb8-b4; 3 Pc7-c6,Pb7-b8(Q) and now
Black must retract a King move; for a Pawn
uncapture by his e or f Pawn would result in
the trapping of one or both of his King's side
pieces, Rook (h8) or Bishop (f8).
66. Last moves must have been 1 Pc7-c5,Sc5-da;
2 Kc 4, Sc6-a5 (showing why c6 is left open) ;
3 Sa5-b3,Sb3-c5, etc. (TRD in Caissa's Wild
Roses, No. 112).
67. Black retracts S(e6) x Q(f4); ite then retracts
P(f5) x P(g6) and plays P x S stalemate. Note
that the G prevents Pg6-g5 in the final position.
68. is in check from P at a2. Black retracts first
1 b3 x Ra2,Bd4-c3; 2 Ph3-h2,Qh2-gl; 3 Pc3-c2,000
(Kbl-hl,Rf 1-al); 4 Kdl-e2,Sb2-hl then B x P ( f3)
:;i=. Present f-file must have been the original
a-file, as the 000 move shows ii) 00 not 000.
69. Retract 1 Rc7-c8,Ka8-b8; then 15 Black King moves
while White King oscillates between a8/b8 until
17 Ka3 x Pa4, ... ; then Bl.K returns again until
32 Kc8-d8,Pa3-a4; 33 Rd8-d7,Pa2-a3; 34 Rd7-c7,
Bb8-d6; 35 Rc7-d7,Rd7-d5 for R x c7 ¥-.
70. Seven Black pieces have been captured, the WPs
requiring only six. Hence either of Black's RPs
may have died unpromoted, and White can
castle on that side. But if Black's last move was
d7-d5 or e7-e5, then a corresponding Black
Bishop fell on its home square, both RPs pro-
moted, and castling is outlawed. Fortunately
l.P x QP e.p. or 1.P x KP e.p. is now legal and
effective. (TRD.)
71. 1 Pc4,Pd5; 2 P x P,Q x P; 3 Qc2,Q x g2; 4 Q x c7,
Q x S; 5 Q x b7,Q x h2; 6 Q x S,Qe5; 7 Q x B,
R x Q; 8 R x P,Q x b2; 9 R x R,Q x a2; 10 R x s,
Q x P; 11 K x Q,R x B; 12 R x g7,R x S; 13 R x f7,
R x B; 14 R x B,K x R; 15 R x P,R x P; 16 R x P,
R x P; 17 K x Re2,K x Re7.
72. (i) 1 Sc3,Pd5; 2 S x P,Sc6; 3 S x e7,Pg5; 4 S x B,
Sf6; 5 S x a7,Se4; 6 S x c6,Sc3; 7 S x Q,Rg8;
8 S x f7,Rg6; 9 S x g5,Re6; 10 S x h7,Sbl;
11 S x f8,Ra3; 12 S x e6,Pb5; 13 S x c7,Kf7;
14 S x b5,Kg6; 15 S x a3,Kg5; 16 S x bl,Kh4.
W. H. Thompson (BCM Dec. 1934) obtained 2
captures on one square, and W. Cross (BCM
Dec. 1935) obtained double visits to three
squares by a Knight. A. M. Deane (BCM Sept.
1898) reduced the game to 15½ moves, at present
the record (FCR 3/16/p.177 and UT.135a).
(ii) (Sam Loyd) 1 Pd4,Kh5; 2 Qd3, 4 or g4;
3 Qh3 -¥- or if 1 ... Kg4 2 Pe4+,Kh4; 3 Pg3 -:/=.
73/74. Play back 1-7 Ka8-el; 8 Pf2; 10 Bb7-fl; 11 Pg2;
14 Bel; 15 Pb2; 17 Qdl; 18 Pc2; 20 Ba8; 21 Pa7
(a8=B); 25 Pa2.
75. 1 P x P(d6) e.p. -:/=-.
76. NOT 1 Re7 db.ch., because it cannot be White's
turn to play, as Black has no last move -there-
£ore Black plays first, and after each move is
mated.
79. NOT b4,b7,e2. 80. N · a4,b5,c6,d7, or fl to f6.
1
81. NOT a5,a6,a7,b5,b6,b8,c5,c7,c8,dl,d2,d3,d6,d7,d8,fl.
82. al,.a4,a6,ta8,,c6,dl,d8,e6,-fl,f3,f8,:hl,h3,h5,h8.
83. 92 variations. 84 0. Fior .the · nd, Nf2 to £6
and Kb6 to b2.
85. Add WPh2 and play 1 Ph4, P x P e.p.; 2 B x P -:;i=:.
86. Add WQ at al-then 1 Pb3 -:/=-. NOT Add WQh4
(etc.) 1 Qf6, as this Queen would be an illegally
promoted Pawn. Analysis shows that the
original ite Queen never 'came out'.
· 89. 27 moves. 1 Bfl; 2 R ; 3 Kg3; 4 Bh2; 5 Rg2-gl;
6 B ; 7 Rfl; 8 1-gl; 9 Bbl; 10 Rg2; 11 Bgl;
12 ; 13 Rg3; 14 B 15 1; 15 Bh2; 17 Rgl;
18 Bfl; 19 Rg3-g2; 20 Bg3; 21 2; 22 1;
23 Kgl; 24 Rg2-h2; 25 B ; 26 Kfl; 27 K x S.
36
 90. 26 moves. Play the pieces in the following order:
B,Q,K,B; R,Q,B,R; B,K,B,Q; K,B,R.Q; R,B,R,B;
R,B,K,B; Q,K.
91. Black King oscillates while ite moves: 1-21.
S,R,S,R,B: R,S,R,S,B: S,R,S,eR,K: S,K,R,K,S; then
RX B.
92. IMPOSSIBLE ! At one time Sam Loyd had all
America trying to solve it, by offering a prize
for the solution, which many people claimed to
have found.
93. White was playing 000 as Black lifted his K from
b3; White (under the old rules) asked him to
play Ka2. Then 1 Rd3,Kal; 2 Ra3 -¥-:.
94. Does White turn the board round through 180°
and claim to be mated? Or does he lose his
wager?
95. 1 ½ of Bgl-f2 plus ½ of Bfl-g2 brings Bgl to g2,
checkmate. Reply ½ of Bb8-c7 plus ½ of Bc8-b7
would use half of an illegal move, for B at c8
checks . Similarly, ½ of Bb8-a7 plus ½ of
Ba8-b7 would use half of an illegal move, for B
could not have come fron1 a8.
96. P ( d8) = S with White head screwed to a Black
base. 1 Se6 ¥= to both Kings.
97. Bl.K cannot have reached a2 legally-place it any-
where
•
else on the board and there is a mate
1n one.
98. The Bl.Ps must have 1nade 2 captures, so one
White piece is superfluous. This piece is now
spewed out by the volcano-and, whichever one
it is, White has a mate in one.
99. 1 Pa7, Kg2 if 1 ... Ph3
2 Pa8=Q+, Kg3(h3) 2 Pa8-R, Kg2
3 Qf3 ¥- 3 Rg8 /,
if 2 ... Kgl
3 Qg8¥=
100. 1 Sf4+; 2 Se6+; 3 Sc7+; 4 Sa6+; 5 Sc7+; 6 Se6+;
7 Sf4 + ; 8 Ke4,d5 +; 9 Ke5,Bf6 + ; 10 Ke6,Sd8 + ;
11 Kd7; 12 Sd3 -¥-:
101. 1 Pf8(Q)+,R x Q; 2 P x R(R)+,Kg7; 3 S(c7)e8+,
Kh6; 4 P x B(B),Kg5; 5 Bh3,Kh6; 6 OO,Kg5;
7 Ph8 (S) ,Kh6; 8 Sg6,Kg5; 9 Rh8,P x P; 10 Bf5,
P x B; 11 Rg4+,P x R; 12 Ph4+,P x P e.p.;
13 Bhl,Ph2 ¥=. Earlier play of P x P(e6) by
Black does not affect the solution. The problem
presents: (i) consecutive promotion to Q,R,B,S.
(ii) oo by ite; (iii) e.p. capture; (iv)
'Excelsior' of the Black Pawn, all combined into
a single problem, which H. M. Lommer called a
'Masterpiece' in Chess Pie III.
APPENDIX A Solutions to Mediaeval Problems
1. Drive the Bl.K to f2 with the Rs, and leave him no
move except to fl. Now 1 Sg4+,Kfl; 2 Fg2+,
PxF-¥=
2. 1 Fe3, P x P; 2 Fd4, P x P; 3 Fc5, P x P; 4 Fb6,
P x P; 5 Rgl+,Kh2; 6 Fa7 . . . now drive Bl.K
to f8 and obtain position White Rh7,Sh6,Kb8.
The11 1 Ka8; 2 Rf7; 3 Sg4; 4 Se5; 5 Sg6; 6 Rh7;
7 Re7; 8 Se5; 9 Sc6 +; 10 Rb7,P x R -:;i=.
3. 1 Sd6; 2 Sc4; 3 Sb2+, Kc2; 4 S x R,Af6+; 5 K any,
Ad4; 6 Sc5 saves the Knight. NOT 1 Sc7; 2 Sa6
or e6; 3 Sc5+,Ke4; 4 S x R,Af6+; 5 K any,Ad4
wins the Knight.
8. 1 Add Rd2+,Ke4; 2 Add Rg4+,Kf5; 3 Add Rf4+,
Ke6,e5; 4 Add Re4 ¥=
9. If first player plays n squares laterally, second
player plays n squares vertically (and vice
versa) until 'diagonal opposition' (as of Kings)
can be obtained with the first player to play.
Second player then pushes the other R step by
step to a corner square, e.g. WR a8, Bl.R c6,
with White to play and Blaclr wins.
10. Shl - g3 - f5 - g7 - e8, etc.
APPENDIX B (ii) Solutions to Last l\love? problems
A. W's last move must avoid retrostalemate which
necessitates an uncapture. WPs have made 14 captures
leaving only one 1nove available for capture by a W
piece. Consider Bl's h Pawn. It cannot have been cap-
tured as a P by a P on h file, nor can it have been
captured as a P by a P on the g file (because it could
not get to g7), nor could it have made 2 captures and
been captured as a P on the f file since one missing W
piece is a R which could not escape from gl,hl; _nor
could it have promoted and been captured as a piece
(this would require 3 captures of W men). So must
have taken Bl.h Pawn and to give Black a retraction
the WK must have come from g4. (T. H. Willcocks.)
B. If last move were P x R = R, WK could not
escape via b7. P x S = R would not permit Bl.R to get
to a8 to allow escape of v . So, Pb7 x Qa8 - R.
C. Pd5 x Pe6 e.p.
D. White Ps have made 13 captures, so key move is
the only way of avoiding retrostalemate; g2-g4.
APPENDIX F Clockwork Chess
A. 1st Tick. ite: Ka6,Rh7,Bg2,Pf4; Black: Kb8,
Bd5,P is pinned. 2nd Tick. \Vhite: Kb6,Rh8 ~,Bfl,Pf5;
Black: Ka8,Be4,Pf6.
B. 1st Tick. ite: Kb8,Bh2,Sh4,Pe3; Black: Ke6,Rf7,
Bhl,Ps all 1 step forwards. 2nd Tick. White: Kc8,Bal,/4-,
Sg5,Pe4; Black: Ke5,Rg7,Bg2,Ps all 1 step forwards.
APPENDIX A
DIAEVAL PROBLEl\'1S
The references and page numbers are to H. J. R.
Murray's A History of Chess, Oxford University Pressi
1962 edition.
Most of these problems are probably much older
than the approximate date suggested, which is gener-
ally the date of the manuscript in which the problem
was found.
1 page 694 2 page 673
F.298 c.1450 CD.235 1400-1500
~ ~ ',-- ~
~ , ~
~ ~
.-
• •
~
•
~ ~ ~
'

✓,_.,.,.
,
,
; _., ~ •

4. 1 Se4; 2 Sc5; 3 Se6; 4 Sc7; 5 Se8; 6 Sg7; 7 Re6; •

8 Rc5; 9 R.c6; 10 Sh5; 11 Sf6+; 12 Re8 -:;i=.

~ ~ ?;% //. ~
5. 1 Ph3; 2 Ph4; 3 Rh3; 4 Re3; 5 Sg3; 6 Se4; 7 Sd3;
8 Sf4; 9 Sh5; 10 S(h5)f6 + ,P x S; 11 S x P -:;i=. ~~ ~·
6. White playing well should win. • ~
7. 1 Ae4 thr. Ac6 ¥= ~
1 ... F(d,e,f) moves; 2 Ac6+,K moves; 3 A x R. ~ ~ ~ ~
White then ,plays K to hl and moves between (Black) ,¼ = Fers
g2 and e4 with the Alfil. Selfmate t- i
37 Thirty-seven
 3 page 675 4 page 675 9 page 600 10 page 337
CB.257 c.1300 CB.262 c.1300 K.54 c.1140 AR.564 c.1140
~ ~ ~ ~'.t~ ~ ~~ ~
0~ ~u ~0:
~

~ ,. ~ ~
~~ ~
/

;,_-,'.
%
~
~ ~
. ~;.', 1//, ~- ~-

,W, ~ ~. ~ .,~ ~ ~~ ~a ·,,

, ,,
..
~ :.---
,
1
/~ , ,
,,.
.
...... /.,,,,,
,,
.,
_,,. .. ..-
✓

:, ..
c.-,-
, ,,,.,.,,, ,,. ..

Series-Mover =Alfil Mate in 12 No Rook may CROSS a MUSLIM. Each Knight

Black plays 3 consecutive Fileriders line commanded by an making four moves,
moves and then saves adverse Rook. oever transfer the 8 Knights
the Knight. moves, loses to the 8th rank
APPE IX B (I)
XI MERS Table of Relative Values
-
5 page 594 6 page 579
K.26 c.1300 ARCH.28 c.1100 23 24 26 27 29 31 32 33 8
~ , ~ . '/'', t . ~'''/1/, 18 19 20 22 25 28 30 7
'Z ~ ~ / ~ ~ ~ ~ •

/i // ~- :%
~ , ,, .. - .. ~%: , ✓// "• , ~ ½
0 ..1.. ~ ..1.. :-: ~ ...1.. 0 ...1.. 7, 7, 7, . 0
~.½ ~.
~ ~ ~ ~
0
~✓✓i ~~
~. ~.
7,~ .,.,., 7,~ 7,~ 9 10 12 13 16
5
,,.,., .,ii'/

i~ 0 '//,
6 7 8 11
4
3 4 5 ~
3
1 2
2
~
~~ 1
~ ~ ~
~1/, ,,. ///, , //. ~;.', , ~- ,
..I. 0 ..I. 0 ..I. 0 ..I. .l.i 0 -~
~ i'/✓//. i 1!?1 ?31}½ 9al}½ ~.½ ~
• ;:.:; '/// ~.. ... '////. ~~ - 1/, /i ,, .. .,~✓// ~
1/. ,,
• .,
,,
,.,,,,,, ~(//,
....,,. • '0//
/i
/✓// ½, ✓/// ~
,. lllil a b c d e f g h
., ,, ..;...
/
1/, ~ ; .
/ , , ,.-,
-
, / / , '-=- ..... , ......
~ . ~ ,, ....... ~ - al b2 1.414 ✓2
/
•////✓ /4
al a7
/_
•'.~ .1.,,.,, .. 1/;- ,, ,,
6 ,v'36
Mate in 11 moves (Black) al a3 2 ✓4 al b7 ✓ 37
=Fers al b3 2.24 ✓5 al-c7 ✓ 40
al-c3 2.828 ✓8 al-e6 ✓ 41
ite, having always a al a4 3 al d7
double move,• to play and v'9 J45
''Blackcap Zigzags'' al b4 JlO al a8 7 ✓ 49
Black can only move Win. al-c4 ✓ 13 al f6
when checked or to ''Double-Move'' Chess 00, al a5 4 7.07 ✓ 50
J16 al b8
make a capture. al b5 ✓ 17 al-e7 ✓ 52
(Note the unusual initial al d4 \1'18 al-c8 ✓ 53
array). al c5 .v20 al d8 \/'58
000,al a6 al f7 \/'61
al-d5 5 ✓ 25
al-e8 ✓ 65
al b6 ✓ 26 al g7 ✓ 72
al-c6 ✓ 29 al f8 ✓ 74
al-e5 ✓ 32 al ✓ 85
7 page 674 8 page 677 al d6 ✓ 34 al h8 ✓ 98
CB.248 c1450 CB.280 c.1450
. , ,, , ' ,, t . , ' /. e diagram shows the relative distances of the
YI..
.. w· ~ ~ ~ ~ square-centres in the left-hand upper half of the board
. ,, ,,,,.
, - ,,.,,, ,.,, ,,,,,,,
, , ///
- • •
,. , ,,, ,,,, , ,,
from the square-centre of al, in ascending order. The
Table shows this distance expressed as a square-root.
Thus, e6 (21) is further from al than c7 (20); e6 is ✓ 41
units, but c7 is only ✓ 40 units, from al.

The following two tables show the minimum numbers

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =~~½- of men required to express the exact last move, in the
''Dark Doings''. Alfi.I is Place 4 ite Rooks on three categories A, B & C (see page 23). The first table
fidated (cannot be cap- the board, checking each shows non-promotion types; the second table shows
tured.) move, and mating on the pawn-promotion types.
ite avoids mate. fourth move. All the figures are based on positions that have been
=Fers Alfil published plus a very few that are at present awaiting
publication.
Thirty-eight
38
 They have been confirined as the current mini,num D T. H. Willcocks
records up to October 1967 by Messrs. Fabel, Mortensen C Dr. N. Hoeg 1959
and Pavlovic, who have in the past been responsible S~akbladelt, 1916 Original
for either organising or judging tourneys in the three ~ ?fa ?fa ?fa
types A, B & C, in that order.
~ ~
No Promotion ~~ ' ~- , .. , ~
Move xQ xR xB xS xP
K. A 8 13 8 8 7 15
B • 4 13 5 5 4 5
C 4 13 5 5 4 5 ~
Q. A 11 13 12 10 9 15 ~

B 9 13 12 10 7 14
C 6 8 6 7 5 8
R. A 9 13 12 13 9 15
B 8 13 12 10 7 15 ' . ~ ~ ~~--1/,- /' ~ ~ ~ ~~~1/,- ·

C 6 7 6 7 5 7 pe 'C' Type 'A'

B. A 9 14 11 10 8 14 Last Move? 4 men Last Move? 11 men
B 8 11 10 10 7 14
C 6 11 8 8 6 7 APPENDIX C
s. A 9 11 9 10 8 13
B 8 11 8 10 8 13
C 7 9 6 7 6 8
P. A 9 13 11 11 10 14 (Extracts from the Codex of Rules for Chess
B 3 12 11 11 6 13 Problems p-ublished in Problem 55-60 after the Congress
C 3 11 8 9 5 9 of Problemists at Piran, Jugo-Slavia. These extracts
0-0 A,13; B, 7; C,4 have been translated from the Gern1an version, by
0-0-0 A,13; B,7; C,4 A.S.M.D.)
P 2 sqs. A,11; B,5; C,4 I. 0 ODOX TE-PROB MS (~n)
P X P e.p. - C,4
Article 3. CASTLING is always regarded as legal
whenever its illegality cannot be proved.
\Vith Promotion King and Rook must be on their initial
!\love xQ xR xS squares.
A 13 15 13 14 10 In the case of mutually exclusive White
B 6 13 10 10 7 and Black castling, the one with the move
C 4 12 6 6 4 has the prior right. Example: Dr. Niels
P=R A 12 13 14 13 8 Hoeg, 2654 Schwalbe July 1933 (No. 65 in
B 6 13 9 9 7 text).
C 4 12 7 6 4 Article 4. EN PASSANT CAPTURE as a key is only
P=B A 8 14 12 14 11 permitted if it can be proved that the pawn
B 5 13 11 10 9 to be captured last made a double-step
C 3 12 8 9 6 move. The legalisation can also first occur
A 10 12 12 12 11 in the course of the - solution (prototype,
B 6 12 9 9 8 Werner Frangen, Problem 41-44 March
C 4 12 7 7 6 1957, page 52) (see No. 104).
Four further examples of these problems in all three Article 5. THE 50-MOVE DRAW RU does not apply
types, two 0 £ then1 unpub-lished until now, are sh o·wn
1 1
to problem solutions. But a solution is a
here. The solutions will be found in the Solutions draw if it can be shown by retro-analysis
Section. Diagram A, by T. H. Willcocks, uses the same that 50 moves have been exceeded, includ-
number of pieces as his position for the same retraction ing the solution.
in Die Schwalbe, Feb. 1960, No. 224, but with greater II. HETERODOX CHESS PROBLEMS (Fairy Chess
economy of force. Problems)
B V. Bartolovic A. General Rules
A T. H. Willcocks and R. Buljan Article 6 -·Classification
1961 Problem (a) Basie Forms-Selfmates, Helpmates
Original 1957 (b) Customary Forms-Maximummers,
?fa ~ ~ -,,
z··
;,:
- ~
m
t,·yµ
.
,, Grasshoppers, Cylinders
Article 10-Castling and En Passant
½ ~..I.. ¾..I.. 0
~ ~ ¼ ~ ~ ~ • ~ ~• ~ ~ The same as articles 3 and 4. (The 50-
.,,,,, ~%: , 0 ,,,., ~?fa ,,.,., ~~ .,,,,✓ ~~ ½
,
move draw rule has no place in hetero-
dox (Fairy) problems mentioned
above).
B. Special Rules
I. Basic Types
Article 12-SELF TE (S ~ n) ite forces
Black to mate him (Whiite) in n moves.
Article 13 HELP
•
(H ~ n) Black to move
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
:.-. . ,

helps White to mate him (Black) in n

Type 'A' Type 'B' moves. Choice. of promotion Q or R,
Last Move? 15 men Last Move? 13 men Q or B, is allowed only on the mating
Black to play 1nove.
39 Thirty-nine
 •

II. Customary Types UT.154a T. R. Dawson 178 to 181 (A. Karlstrom) 1938-53.
Article 14 MAXIMUl\1 R (¥- n Max) Black must UT.156 H. F. L. Meyer 143 to 145 (A. S. M. Dickins)
always play his geometrically longest 1880-1967.
move. Black men attack the White H. F. L. Meyer 143 to 144 (Dr. Jeno Ban) 1880-
King according to orthodox rules. - 1960 (not an Ultimate The•me).
Article 15-GRASSHOPPERS. The Grasshopper is
1
UT.157 Dr. K. Fabel 119 to 122 (N. Petrovic) 1938-49.
a line-hopper on Queen-lines, which UT.158 T. R. Dawson 168 to 179 (T. Marlow) 1938-67.
moves to, or captures on, the square UT.169 J. C. West 43/15 to 43/13 (H. A. Turnbull)
next beyond the first man of either 1880-1967.
co,lour in its path. UT.170 W. A. Shinkman 99 to 105 (N. Petrovic) 1886-
- 1947.
Article 16,-,CYLINDER CHESS PROBLEl\'IS. The UT.171 R. Schuri,g 141 to 143 (N. Petrovic) 1887-1947.
Cylinder board arises from the normal
board by joining the a- and h-files I. F. C. Collins
around a cylinder. A long-range piece Chess Monthly II. J. N. Babson
(Q or R) must always make a finite April 1880 Brentano 1882
move. The possibil,ity of reaching a
square by two routes is not regarded ~ ~ ,, ~ ~

as a dual. A pinned piece may return

to its starting square in one move.
i:::::, ~
0
z
~~ @~
~
APPEN'DIX D ~ ~ t ~ ~ 1/, _,:··-11/,
,
~
m
--
• •
=, :,.~l,h
~ -::a ■ A,,
~

TION TASKS
The earliest position in this series was that dated
1849 by M. BEZZEL (in the Schachzeitung) with 100
moves by the 8 White pieces alone. E. LANDAU, in Der
Schachfreund, Sept. 1899, proved that 100 was the
absolute maximum. Such absolute proof of the max·i-
mum limit is not available for most of these records.
There was considerable activity in this field in the
1880s. In the year 1880, J. C. WEST published his famous
47-mate pos,ition (No. 5b) in the Chess Monthly Puzzle
Tourney, where it was not mentioned in the award, as
the Tourney was concerned with 'the most interesting
and economic,al position with 20 mates or more by at
least 8 chessmen'. The judge, Z ERTORT, awarded the
prize to F. C. COLLINS, for a neat position (I), the
legality of which is established by an e.p. capture. In
1882, J. N. BABSON published another 47-mate position
(11), in Brentano, but nobody has yet found a legal
position using promotion in play with 48 mates.
The next most famous and most frequently repro-
duced position, first published in the Problemist Fairy
Supple·ment in 1936, is the remarkable 29-f orced-mates
position by H. H. CROSS (No. F5a).
In Section 4 of Ultimate Themes ( 1938) T. R.
DAWSON summarised 34 of the then existing themes,
printing 39 diagrams by way of illustration.
In 1950, NENAD PETROVIC, who holds the largest
number of these records today, published a summary of
the maximum figures for 48 of the tasks in a pamphlet
entitled Einzuger Rekorde (Feenschach), with diagrams
of 24 of the less well-known positions. In May 1967,
PETROVIC published an article in P·roblem 106-108,
giving diagrams of the 54 princi'pal positions.
In July 1967 the Fairy Chess Correspondence Circle
in England (the remains of T. R. DAWSON's 'Fairy
Ring') published Maximum Tables under t.he direction of
W. CROSS, lis,ting over 80 distinct record positions then
current. These tables are reprinted here in full, having
been brought up to date for published records to the
1st January 1969; kn,own increase s, as yet unpub,li shed,
1 1 1
are given in brackets. The diagrams that f ollo,w show
the actual positions, with composer's name and place
of first publication.
By 1969, thirty-one years after T. R. DAWS;ON'S
Ultimate T.hemes, eleven of the 24 principal themes
have been exceeded :
UT.150 S. H. Hall and W. H. Reilly 220 to 223 (T. K.
~ ~1/, 0~
%z , .,,/. % ~ '.::.= ~
~ ~ ~ ~ -~ ~ ½~ ~~
1st prize : 23 mates in 47 mates in one
one by 8 chessmen (with Legal position, no
No Batter,ies) promoted men
Note: UT. 156 MAXIMUM MOVES BY 16 WHITE MEN AIDED.
For this theme, T. R. DAWSON printed a position by H. F. L.
MEYER originally c•onstructed to meet quite different conditions -
namely, Maxim1.11t1 Moves by White (legal) with pawn-promotic)n
limited only to a piece already captured - pawns reaching the
8th rank to remain there as 'latent' pawns. MEYER'S position
obtained 113 moves under these conditions. Curiously, T. R.
DAWSON did not include the theme Maximum Moves for White
(legal) as a separate theme.
Of those Ultimate Themes of T. R. DAWSON'S that fall within
the scope of this present set of tables, the following 13 were still
standing in January 1969. UT.Nos. 152,154,155,161/2,165-168,172,173,
174,175. Only the BEZZEL 100-move position has survived for more
than a century; the next longest-lived record is J. C. WEST'S 47-
mate position, now 89 years old, followed by W. A. SHINKMAN'S
216-key position, now 83 years old. There are no other survivals
from the 19th century.
The Twentieth Century has seen the exploration of
the Forced Forms as well as the gradual def eat of
some of the non-forced forms. In the Forced Forms
every available move on the board must fulfil the task.
The oldest of these is V. ONITIU'S 39 Forced Checks
(F9a) date:d 1913. It w!as ap,pro-pria-te-ly T. R. DAWSON
who published the first of the Forced Forms, in 1913,
in the Britis,h Chess Magazine.
MATES, CHECKS, CA URES, etc. The maximum
sought is the maximum number of mating-moves,
checking-moves, capturing-moves, etc., leading to the
desire,d result. Thus, ,the unmasking of a Bishop-Rook
battery reveals one check ( or mate) from the Bishop,
but the Rook may move, on an open board, to 14
different squ,ares, along the rank or file, each of which
is a checking-(mating) move. The same principle applies
to captures, and to other categories of tasks. A White
pawn cap-turing on the 8th rank must promote, and it
has the ref ore 4 promotion-moves to choose from,
counting as four moves in a Construction Task. It does
not have the option, under the modern FIDE Laws of
Chess, of moving to the 8th rank and remaining there
unpromoted.
'

Siapera) 1938-48. ITE AND BLACK. In themes demanding maximum

UT.151 W. H. Reilly 312 to 324 (N. Petrovic) 1938-46. moves by both White and Black (either to play) each
UT.153 W. A. Shinkman 158 to 164 (0. E. Vinje) 1929- of them must have at least one mate, check, etc.,
39. available on the board.
Forty 40
 STALEI\IA S. A Stalemate-move (stalemating-move) FORCED FORMS
is a move made when the opponent is not in a stale-
mate position and which subsequently leaves him a b C d e f •

stalemated. If the opponent was already in a stale- FORCED CAPTURES

mated position before the move was made, then it (F3)W.only 47 63 66 as F3a
would be kno,vn as a 'stalemate-main·tenance' move, (F4) W. & Bl. 79 84 91 as F4a
maintaining a stale1nate that already existed. In the FORCED MATES
Stalemate Releases a mating-move does NOT count as (F5) W.only 29 - 50 "

a Stalemate-Release, for it does not 'release', or 'free', 142 19

(F6)W. & Bl. 32 33 (36) 12
the opponent to be able to make a move.
FORCED CIIECKS
FORCED FORJ.\,IS. W. A. Sh.inkman proba·b,ly comp,osed (F9) W.only 39 40 60
the first of the Force·d Forms, about 1870, but it was no-t 59 30
(FlO) W & Bl. 42 - 59 28
printed until 1929. It \Vas 28 Forced Mates (UT.172), No.
667 in The Golden Argosy, later incre,as·ed to 29 by FORCED STALEMATES
H. H. Cross (F5a, page 45). (F13) W.only 26
PROMOTED l\lEN. In tasks with promoted men on the FORCED STALEMATE RELEASES
board, these must have arisen from a legal pawn-pro- (Fl5) W.only 81 83 123 55
motion. In all these tasks it is recognised by convention FORCED SELFMATES
that there may have been promotions by either side (Fl 7) W. only - 101 149
previous to the diagram position, thus accounting for (\vitl1 duals) 102 153
othenvise 'illegal' pawn-situations, etc. FORCED STOPMATES
LAST rt1IOVE. Eve1·y .task position m·us.t !be 'S·o con- (Fl9) Bl. only 79 10·6 162
structed that there could have been an ascertainable KEYS (two-movers) (forced form)
leigal last move·. In ta:sks of the One-Mover varieity, the (F23)'W.only 117 216
player on t.he move may not play P x P e.p. withou:t the (no duals) 101
conventional proof of legality (p1age 34).
SPECIAL CO ITIONS
ECON01\1Y. The mos;t e,cono,mic al posiition ho•lds the
1

record (See Recor,ds in One . .l\1·over 'Che·s:s ,Constru,ction A. 8 W.Men only (No Bl.K) 100 moves
Tasks, by W. ·cross an,d A. :S. M. Di c kins, :page 2,
1 1 1
B. 16 W.Men only (No Bl.K) 122 moves
Q Presis, 1970).
1
C. 16 W.Men aided (No Bl.K) 145 moves
D. 16 W. & Bl. pieces - 173 moves
Significant Figures : (i) en figure with prom. men is
TABL greater than that for no prom: men. (ii) en figure
with PIP is greater than, or equal to, that for No PIP.
Publi·sh e,d
Re·cord·s ·to Ja·nu·ary 1969; figu;re·s in
1

br.ackets are known increases, hitherto unpubli.she,d. N.B.-PIP Promotion in Play; prom: men = promoted
men.
No With All
Prom: Men Prom: Men Illegal 32Men
No With No With ite only ite and Black
Pip Pip Pip Pip Problem FCR 9439 · .154a
MOVES a b C d e f May 1967 W. Cross Dec. 1952 A. Karlstrom
(l)W.only 109 144 218 288 99 ~ ~ 0,.~~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ .
(2)W. & Bl. 181 223 324 412 164 w ~ffl~ ~1/, ~
'//,,
~
-
/ ~...
,,, :%
1//, I/~
¼,
~-t:-~ ,rrr ,
,,., ~ . . ~ '// ~ 1/, i§ ~ i§ ~~~
CAPTURES %,~/~¼,
'l~ ,, /✓// ~, • - - ~..,,,,, ~,~..%
~ ?,; .• . ~

./, '~ :%
(3) W.only 49 68 65 74 179 as 3a ~ ,~
'l""~
1//4
..,,, /~ // ,
~ %
'
~
~
,
(4)W. & Bl. 88 109 116 120 338 as 4a ~ ~ b,
~- ,_,,,, ; . ~ //// %
~ -1//4 ~ -~
w, 1/..0 ~ ~
TES
(5) W.only 43 47 105 143 38
(6) W. & B·l. 68
1
10·8 60 ~ ,, 0: ~ ,,0 ~

.
0///✓. ~
:;,;,
'// ¼, -- ~, ~
, ;~ -1//.
//, 1//
~ ~ WW
TES with No Batteries •
/ ~ ~ ,/ % ~ ~ ,/ ~ % ~.
(7) W. only 25 32 la 109 moves 2a 181 moves
CHECKS Nepszava Sa·h: Vj e,s:nik
•
UT.15·0
(9)W.only 45 52 as 5c as 5e 41 1960 Dr. Jeno Ban Aug. 1948 T. Siapera
(10) ,v. & Bl. 82 86 142 170 65 ~~ ·-· ~ _0 • ~ ~.,/,,. . ~ . ~ ~
•

CHECKS with No Batteries

/// .-% ,,./;;,:~ ,//;~ , /~ 0 ~ ~ ~
(ll)W.only 25 34 ;'/' , .'/. ~-✓✓// % ~//./.
~ ~ 0
; CW". i
STALEMATES
(13) W.only 45 48 83
•
STALEMATE RELEASES @ ¾ ~ ½ % :%

(15) W.only 82 87 ~= ~-~

~
~-~
~~
~-~
~
t .. '// ~1/, I %1//, ,
1/./4 ~
,1//, %1/, I/,

~
1/// ¼r, '/.
!Z
1/, • 1/,
.
~
,,,,,,.,. ¼,
. ✓✓//
~
~-
~~
✓ 1/;,
I
✓,,,, ~

STOPCHECKS . ~ :.:,,,,.~ ~~ ~ , ,,
/ ,-,-/ ,;/-/,,
.
/--;-
•/,•//.
/
,'
.,, ' ,
(21)Bl.on·ly . 85 lb 144 moves 2~ 2b 223 moves
41
F
 M S (cont.) CAPTURES (cont.)
Feens,chach 8984 Problem FCR 9326
N·ov./Dec. 1968 (version) FCR 7003 UT.151 May 1967 N. Petrovic Aug. 1952 A. Kar lstrom
A. S. M. Dickin•s Oct. 1946 N. Petrovic . /,' ;,:· ¼ ,,,,, 'l, z% ~ %''·' '/., -.
. 1/, ~ , . . .., •
1/, . • - 1/,
/ // .· '0 . • • I
~ tiii ~
.q;-~jw,'. ,: '/
~ ,,,,,
--
,I ., .. , , , , , , , ,
/, ,✓ ,_,,,,,½ % ~
1/.
1/,,,,,1/,~
%.,..;; ~;.
1/, ,., ~ ~ //✓/ -~ , ~--
.
e:!l~Q~= ~ ~,'7, ~-1/, ~-1/,
/,,,,,,,,,//2
~ ~1/,::;,i{ ',1/1/,~'/✓//
,,,,,,,,,, ,, /.1, • %
i··-· 'l, ~-0 ~ ~
.· / //1/,~ ///
1/, ~~--=--
1/,½~ '///✓ 1/~
m i?J,., ·I,';/.~,✓, m
✓- 'l
0-'"h <:£),1:
,,,,/./, ~2-J;
~/.,,///. ~
1//,-:
~w ~ ...t.. , ...t.. ~ ~ .£.
w -½11•: ,A' 'A

~ ~ ~
~¼ ~ ~~ ,1//2 '✓_/_ :%;,', , ½ .% A ¼ ~ A z ~ 0 ~
~ ~ .. • :., w ~ ~ ~ %
• •
% ~@, 1/, ·-✓~,
~ / /, . . :;::..::: / ...
C'/.'' ,

:..;.;. . ~ ~ ,, ~ ~ 1/ ~~
Y,~
. ,,,,.,,,,, -~
/','////,;
W¼ (. ;._:., •
~7, ~ :,....- ';,, __ ,..; ----
•
-
• •

4b 109 captures
,~ //;// ,I '/////,, • ,,,,,,,,,:-

3b 68 captures
le 218 m·oves 2c 324 moves
(with 18 me,n)
FCR 6848 Pittsburgh Post 1923 Problem FCR 9245
June 1946 N. Petrovic UT.152 W. A. Shinkman May 1967 T. Marlow Dec. 1952 K. A. L. Hill
,.,,~-
,/,; 1/.( •,
, / J.

.!..! ,J_~ ·!; ~ --• • t~~ ~ . ,,~ ~ ~

- V, / -..:.
: , ,, ,, -~ , -~ %·:,,,,,. -~ . ✓✓ --
- • iw.. . / .,,,,., .. ·:
.., :~
, • •

, ,.' I
I • •. 4,I
/ ,.

✓/// ,I

~ 'l'fi :% ~
1/, ••• .
~%, .
--
• • •
..-- !,.'-!:
..:-:a-

z .. ~ ,f ~ ., . 0i~ ,\'K,,,., 1/,

• C(

~ .::: .:;. :.;: ": :'.:: . ::: s~ j~ r-t-

. -=- , ~ -~ ✓ ,
•
,

- ~, .
~
f2'i1 ~ ~
• ,,✓. II
/
.'/ ✓/,•.' ,I '/////, I '//// , . // ~ , ,'l//// , ' / . ' / / / .,
% '//~ a '.~,,,., . - • • •
1/./.
½-; i.,, ,. ,,. -~. -==-' "///// , ~ _ _,
.:.;.7:.:./.,-,

le 288 moves 2e 412 moves 3c No Significant Figure 4c 116 captures

FCR 6769 FCR 3573 UT.153 (65 captures)
Aug. 1946 H. H. Cross Apr. 1939 0. E. Vinje
~ . ~ ~,,, 'l,
~ ~ FCR 10,301
~ Problem T. Marlow
•
i.£. May 1967 and W. Cross Aug. 1955 T. Marlow
~ , ¼ ~A~
~
. .£. • ~ //./. ~1//✓ ~ ~
~ , ~,.,, ,, , '// :%, -.-- ~ ~,, iw. -.-- ';, -- • ~
~ I'. i .£. ½ .£.
i~ ~% ·~~· A A A
,I • ; . ;

• . ¼
• r;,;
• ~ ~ •. . ~ ~ : =--! -

li:.t~ ¼ ¼ ~ A A ~ 1//.%
~,,, , ~
:,' /h /✓/. 1/,~ /h '✓✓✓. 1/, fM1/, 'IJ. ~ 1
Z
// /,,.
·~; ~ ~
,,,,, ~ ~ ~ '.,,,,,,.,,,- - /,,.,.,,.~ ~ / -~ % -
~
lf 99 moves 2f 164 moves 1/,/_/,,

1/, 1/,
~ ,1//2~ 0~

(capturing mo-ves) 3d 74 captures 4d 120 captures •

ite only ite and Black

Evening Standard 1930 kor 1937 Pro·blem Problem UT.158
.161 T. R. Daws·on G. Neukomm and L. Schor May 1967 T. Marlow ?tlay 1967 T. Marlow
. . . , . , . •
.. .
~ ~ ~ ~ •

~ :.,.... I

~
.

1/,~ ~ , ~ 1/, .,, ~ ~ ~ , ~,

A 0.~///. "·
0.~
'.1/,..
~~
'///. ~-
~~
~///. ~. • • • r '///. '•

., ,. --- ,, --- 1/,~ •

•
1/,
__.. I

1/, , ~,, , '//✓✓// ';,,/ . z; ~ • • •

I
• •
• •
•
r •

~ ~ liiiii
0 .£. 0 .£. ;/./. .£. 0 .£. • •
A ~ ?aA0 ~A· A~ ~A I __.. ', __. •~
~/✓/ ½~ '7,~✓// ½~ '7,1 , , -~ ~~/;✓ ½~ , ~ • •
,
•

.£. ~.£. ii •

~'7, ~~ ~
/
, ,
·~
~w.: ~✓✓✓ ~.¼ ~.
/✓✓✓ ½w.: 1/,~ ~ 1/,
0.~
, 1/, '✓✓✓., 1/,_ '-0 '✓ ✓., 1/,W,
/ / ✓., 1/, .• . . , . , ,,
.
.,.• """ •
--
,_
, .,
,
.,_

i'¼I 7, 7, 7h ~ ~ , 1//4
~ ~ ,
I
¼ ~ / ~
:_·-x: ·, .,.. '- :,....- • -.-- /
~~ '✓✓✓/ 1/,~
, ,
..,.,.,.,_ ~-

•
, ..,.,.,.,_ 1/,~
•
•
,
• •
.....
;,~~
-
• •
•

• • •
A
•

~ % ~ ··,•////•/ ~ - ~,,_W) 1/.~

3a 49 captures 4a 88 captures Se 179 captures 4e 338 captures

Seepage64
Fortv-two
 PFS 1913 UT.173 BCM 5869
(mating-moves) Aug. 1935 H. H. Cross Sept. 1942 A. Karlstrom
ite only ite and Black ~~ ~--- ~ .
½ ~
BCM.QQ 1741
~ ~
June 1967 UT.169 FCR 3091 %~ ta A ~
1/, 7,-

~ ~
%

H. A. Turnbull Feb. 1938 K. Fabel

~ ~ ~~ ~@ ;", , _, r~ ·,; ~ //, ~
w.~ ,' ~ 1~ . 'C..:t½ ~J'.✓-~ ~
~ , ' ½ 'I -· \"± ~- ~· ·-

~~=-=~ ~ ~
,,,, , . ~- •• , • ,c:s,, ~;-;,,~
;Wf~. n , WJ.?J,, t. .:. % ~;i~
..1.. ~ ~~ ~
~
Z,t;~~ 9
;....,- , ~ ;?~%' t1l ,/. ~ 1/,'
:..,..-, ; ½ fll ~W,
1
~~ __ ~
~ ~~ ~~
,, ~ ~
if/.
1//,
• 'I • '
• ,I.I/ ✓ / ~
if/.
1//, ~ ~ @~
~-~ ~ ~
~ ~~ ~ ~
//',/
¾ ~//':~
J;,:: ~
?¾'fo
~ w~ %~ 1/,~ .,,,._
¼ .,,,,_ ,,,,
~ ' 1/;., , 1/✓ ,' .

~.,~"~
.:~,, ,,/,,0. ,; .,
~ ~ ~,,,,,,~ ½fl~ 1 :, ,,,, 1/, · ·.: -

~ ~ w~
,'// '/'// ?.'Mi,111% , // 1//,,/. --
':/✓✓• 9, "., ..... ,¼ ½ .,,,~, ✓, b,.,,..,/, ,,,,,,,.,,,,,;- - 1////, ~/
~H'>-~½
✓.I-~
/,li:illiil :% -~ :&:~
~,;:1//;
; / .,., //
-- 1/ .__

5f 38 mates 7b 32 mates
,
• with no Batteries
~ ~ ~ ✓ , ~ ,,,,,,,,,_ , -~-

5a 43 mates 13 men 6a 68 mates (checking-move·s)

British Ch·ess Magazine ite only
C:hess Month-ly UT.168 January 1970 ite and Black
Apr. 1880 J. C. West A. S. M. Dickins, UT.166 Sah. Vjesnik
1938 T. R. Dawson July 1947 N. Petrovic
~ 1/, ;..-' ~
m
lllla
~~
,, ,,.,,@
¼ -~ ~ ~ @
m
~,,,,,-. '/
(t,,.,. 1
~
~
~
~0.% ~ ~ %''''% ~
¼ ~ ,,.- ~~ ~

'///~ ~ %✓~
0, ~ ~~ ~
Wt -
~ ,,
;-=-
. .: .
!-~~
\ti': .
~,,.m
~
:..,..-, 1/,1/, . ~
~ , ~0 .
~;:~ • 'I
~ , ~ @;;;.:,, ~ ~~ ~ ;,,~ ,
~ ~ ~ ~
~ // ; ~ --- /// ~ ,::1/,~

,- 1/,//,~ ~£.:½ { i i~ %:;fZ, 1/1/,~ ~ '"'=-

,,0 '//~
, ,J
1/, ;)•, -~,\-,•
;
' ,.
\,.~'1•'/., ~;~i-· ,:.:
•
,.,,
·-;":;::I
~ ' ttfi?3 ' ! r,,.:
, / ~- ., /_

~~ ~% '~ ~ ~~;~
®"~
~(/?}';}.
¥!1'~ ~~ z;, :;1/,;%
½'. -~ 1//1/?f;}. %:/0;
~ -
5b 47 mates -~

~ :% ~ ~ ~ ;,:.:;~~7_...;.·~-,,-~,,~,_..}_~,,~~-- ~ ~,:;.:.:_-
The Problemis,t, F69
Jan. 1970 Sah: Vjesnik 9a 45 checks 10a 82 checks
A. S. M. D ickin,s 1
July 1947 N. Petrovic
San Francisco
~ ~ :.,-<~ ½- ~ Chronicle Apr. 1922 Problem
~ !.n,,'0 ~//. ~~
7//, I,,~ ~ ~%@ ~). :.. :. .:: UT.165 F. Maus Oct. 1967 T. Marlow
~ lt:~ 3 ~~% % ;, ~
0
/ ?/~i '¼."., @ ~ , ....,, //4 ¼; ,,,,, ~

. ~~:~ 1/, ; ~ \; .. j ~/0 t!J.. .;, ; __ %~wa~ _~ z ~ ;,

l' 1✓,;'i-~33
~,~
•' ·-
'}'
m
ISP ~ -.,.._· . ~ ii'.

,,, ~ /. '1/, ...... ;,;;.', ~ 1/,1½ + ½ ~ '"- i~ ~i. i~ ~~ ~ ~ ~

~ ?.._t.. 7,
{1/, @. 0;/0, =,,.,,.~//~
///,-;/,//,
~~ ½"i ;'f:;;!:J:: ~'l ~~ 01/,~£:1, ~~~
. , ,, 1/,1/,~ ,
~ ~eJ
//// 1/.~ , ~ //// / ~
,,,,,,
,,,.,~
@✓.@
~1/~ =~
/ ,@, '-c:,..J ., ✓//'j,,
,~#!~
@iii!I 0 "'"'"' 1/.
~

J~ ~ ~ ~$ -:~ 0. / 1/,
~ ,,,_ ~ ~;~ ~@,
~ •,½,% ~j/ / ~/,,~ C. %,/) 1/, ¼ ,,,, /
if/,
1//,, '// ~ ~~ ~%%
~ ~;;% 1/,,';,;;1/~ /.¼
'1///. 0.
// \ .'I ', , , ,. ., •1·
;_, '/
- /,•
'l/.
1/,L"-"'/
;,;'<;-='."/
/1/ t-U ~
' I <~~~ ~ ~
1/% t:::: ~:--~ ~::i~ W1-/i z
,1/, . , . ' ,;, '., i ~:,.
,,., r::...:·,- :J ½ ~-::.• _!/, ,;,1//./2 1/.Wi~% ,%':a . : : : . 1/,//,~ w.~ m-~
~ ~ ,_½,,, /,) , 9 ~- /,
~ 1 /_✓,,. ~ ~
,

. ,0.
1//, -1// 1//.
1//,
5-1 1//,
1//.
1//, ~
w .,-.- , ~ % .'/./'. 2?~
, ~//./.~ 0;,;:-~ . '//,'//,,
:,~ ;
/~., . , ;; %· -~
,,;:;;;:-,¾ -j:,w/, I ?1,;;,½'
0'°,;W, -- 0'~ ~,,;~
:✓,::;;0-/,~ 'l/, ,://
~ ;
0 ,,?
1////, ~
-
5c 105 Mates· 6f 60 mates i
A ~ri.i~
::r..-..,r
¼ ~
~ u, ~
~
~~
(with 17 men.)
MATES with no Batteries ~ ,1/.~ ~ =·w.;...7__ .· , '%
m /,/ ~--- ~/~---
, I == ~ / ~ , _., 1/...i:

White only 9b 52 checks 10b 86 checks

Sah: Vje,snik UT.171
'
'
' July 1947 N. Petrovic BCM 6193 Sah: Vjesnik
,
Oct. 1943 A. Karlstrom July 1947 N. Petrovic
' :...:...: ',,,- J "\ ///_//,
~W"~~ ~
~~ ~
;, ""--~ ' • - //1'-1//,
~ , . ~ r,,,,., , -~ ==
/,/

~-✓~
,~,,/$,
1/,,,-~
,1/1/ 1/, '///// , ,½ %
•

:,,~~,, '/_ % , .~?,; ;,: w, ~~

~-~~
., ., ,,, t:::: ///✓
@jg 1/t ~~
@ '//.
'// ~,
. ~ @ ;'::,Q~6,1
m . -;\"i:f/
:..:..;l~ ~ ~C~~
-=-- °///,✓/. ; 0~ ,,~-11; %
' !-=-, 1//, ~ '/. 0

. W/2 ,,,,,,, ~
-~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ r,..,, .
~ ,:..:..: ;.. .:. .:; ~ ;.. .:. .:; ,t ;.
~
~~ ~ ////// ,, - . . ~ --=- ~-:,«:,.,,,,,/. ,, --=- ~~ r..,, , m
' // ~::i ',77. ' -✓,,✓.@ _ ~
Se 143 mates 7a 25 Mates
with No Batteries 9f 41 checks 10c 142 checks
43 Fortv-thf'ee
 ..

Che.cks with No Ba:tte,ries ATE RELEAS

White only
FOR 9168 Sa,h: V j esnik (Stalemate Relea.sing moves)
Aug. 1951 A. Kiarlsitrom July 1947 N. Petro.vie •

,iJte only
~ ~ :..--~ -~
~ m~~ :r.~ :%. 1/,

'//✓✓/ ,., ~ ,

,
~//// .,~

1//2
~ ,·
I~.
. !R 4141 Die Welt 3 Au.g. 1966
~ t~r-- June 1940 W. Cross G. Murki sch 1

"I 0~

~ -

-
- . .

~ ?% ' . ~~~--
lla 25 checks lOe
with N 0 1
Ba;tte,rie s 1

FCR 6019 Sa,h: Vjesnik

June 1944 A. ~arlstro,m Ju:ly 1947 N. Petrovic
15a 82 15b 87
Stalemate Rele,ase,s Stalemate Rele,ases

KEYS
FCR 9388-·0ct. 1952 :two-movers, forced fo11r1)
~ K. J. Goodare;
.;;.;,;~~~.;...- -~ ~ ~ _,.,, ~ A. Karlsitrom.;
1l;b 34 checks lOf 65 che cks 1
T. G. Pollard writh Uusi Suomi UT.174
with No Batter.ie·s J. Wa1lke·r 1936 E. Luukkone·n

(Stale,ma:ttng-m,ove·s) ,
~ ¼ ¼
~,'~✓ 'J✓✓ ~ ~✓- ~~ ~~
White only .,,,

,.
'///,I ',I/;,

Original A. S. M. Dickins
~ ~'@. ~ 72

21,b 85 Stopchecks F23b 117 Keys

by Black

Brow'nso n's Chess J,ournal

1

1886
13·a 45 Stale•mate s 1

Die Schwalbe W. A. Sh:inkman lYf.175

W. & H. H. Cross FCR 8528 Jan. 1964 Dr. K. FabeJ
1
(after S. Hiatt)
R 4431 Oct. 1940 Nov. 1949 A. Earlsti,om . ..::..: ~ ¼

~ ~ ~ ,,.,, -~ V/2. ~ ~

~ ~~ ~

t ' - ~~ ~~ :_ ., .,.,, ~
~~ 1//✓-~~
,,, -~ ,,, ~* ~~ //✓ ~ ~~,.,,, ~- •

~
~ ~~ ~~ :',.~.,, '. ~ ~ __ ?%~ ~ :.½ ~~ .,.,., ,

~ ~-- ~* ~* ~,,,, -~
~ ,~ ~~ ~~ ~
F23c 2·16 Ke,ys
13b 48 S · e!1nates 13c 83 ,Sta-lemates
F -fOU'r 44
 • •
ite only

White o,n:ly lite an1d Black Oct/Dec. 1967 1

1

PFS 2251 UT.172 Die Dr. Wolfgang

Evenin:g Stan,dard 1929 FCR 9246 Apr. 1936 H. H. Cross Schwalbe 2456 D·ittmann
.162 T. R. Dawson J1.i,ne 1952 A. Karlstrom ~ .
~
~
w
~,,, 1/,
~
= . Yt,,..,;,«
·W·
i , ., ~
~~ ~~ ~~ 'z
0~ ~ , ~
½'
•
-
•
•

~
~~ ~~ ~~ ~ , .. , ~~
m.~~
I I /., ~ -- ..&. ..&. ~½
~-~
,/ ~ ~

~~;..- 0.,,.,, ~ ·~ ·• ~..✓.

I
~, ~,.,, ,
1/, ....c ..a. ~., 0 ~. ~~ ~~ ~
~ , 1//, ~ ,,. , , '1/, ,,, ~ ..... I~ f!0 ~
..&. ..&. 2. ..&. 2. ..&.
~ 0
A ~ ~ A ~ ~ A .-:· ~ A ';,:
~
~ ..... 1/,
= i'''''''~,
r.!' ~,:
½
- ,,
✓,,,,,.,,~, -~, .,.,., .,,~
~ ¼ ~
• ,
~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ :.
~~ ,, ~~ ~

~ ~ - -
;.;.:;.:~;.:;..• ~ ~ ~
~ ~ (,'/ ~ -✓~-~~~~- ~ -~ ~ -~
F5a 29 Forced Mates F5c 50 Forced Mates
F3a 47 Fo.rced Cap·tures
O,ie Schwalbe 2753
UT.171 R. Schurig and July/Aug. 1968
1938 T. R. D:awson I. L. Ste·in
~ ~
,, .,~ ~, w.
~,. ~
,,,, ~

~
~-
, .,,.,.,, 'z ~ , , 7~ , •

..&. ~ ~
Pl"oblem Proiblem ~
A ~
..&. 7 ;%;
0
,,, :7,~
::::::~
:%
~
.,,.,.,_ ~
May 1967 W. Cros s 1
Ma,y 1967 T. Marlow ~ A -1//, ~ .
,,., ~~ ~~ 1//2 ~~ ---.
r/. .:% ~ • ,,,_ i ~ V, , 0 .., , , ,, , ;
;,~ . ~ =~~ .a ~ ~., . //// ~
~ ~
, , ,, ,r,1
1//.~ , ~·- -~ , 7,
,
~ qa ~ ~ ~ ~ .;.;.;.;;.;; .__,,.___,; ~ -=- :;.;.;;~·- ,. , ,, '
.,, ,;
.
, ,// ,
. .
~;:...._-
..,.,., ~~ ., ~~~ ,.,. ~~
F5e 142 F,o,rced Ma,tes F5f 19 Forced Mate:s
~ ~~ ~~
0 ~ ~ ite and Black
~½ ~1/~ ,,.,. ~~ , ,,,, ~~ , ½'. ~
m -0 ½
~ f ~ ~
FCR8527 Problem - May 1967
i June1950 D. Nixon A. S. M. Dickins
. A ,, 1/, A_ ~,,, 7., 7.. ~
~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~
I .-: = ~ ~~ ~~ ~'
I '-'-
-~ ~ ~ ~,,,, ~
~ ~
~Wl
m
~~~ ~
..&. ,,
. ~ , ,.,., ~~
F4b 84 F1o•r,ced Captures ~

A
~

~
~
~

~~ ~ ,A ~~
i ~~ , -~ ~~ ~ •
•
. '.Z
~f.:i. ~~ ~~
~
-~ ,,,,,,, ,.

. -~ ~~ ~~ ~ . i.,,,, I~~ ~~ .. .
~ ~ ~ .......... ~ --~------
•

a 32 Forced Mates F6d 33 Forced Mates

blem Pro1ble,rn BC:M.QQ 1893
May 1967 w. oss y 1967 T. Marlow Octo,ber 1968 E. Fie.Ider
¼ ~ 0
½
~,,,,
~
~ 1/, ,
.., ~ ~ ~ ½lilil, .
~
.

.,,..
~ ~
~ ~
~ -
iiiil ..... ,
~- ·~-
•

,,.,,,,..,~ ,. ,.,,.,,,,
~ , ~
~ ,,~ ,. ~ ,~ , ,. , ~ ~ ~ ~~ ,. ,
~
~ ~

~
..,.,.,., ~~ .,.,.,., ~~ 0 ~ ~ ~
,. ::.:: ..,.,..,.., ~~ , ~~ , ~ ~:;,,; ,.,.,, :7,~ - ,

0 ~
~

~~ ~½ 0 .¼ 0
~1/,.,'" :r..
-1/.1! ~ 0~ ~ w. 0 ~
~ 1//.~ ii',~ ,,., r,~ .,,.,. ~ Vh~ , ,.,., ~~ ~~ , ~ . ~
¼
'
0 ~ ~

~., . A 0 A A ~~ ,, ..,.,.,
•
, ... , , ~ ~ ~
'
~- . , , . ~ ~ ' -=--

F3d 66 Fo·reed Capture·s F4d 91 Forced F6f 12 Fo ·d Mates

45 'II-five
 ite only
UT.167 Sah. Vjesnik
Mar. 1913 V. Onitiu July 1947 N. Petrovic
~ --.--/--v,-,,-,1/,----__,,,,~,.,.,. ~ . 1/, ' 1/,

~ ~ ~
¼%
F · ·6
Feb. 1940 A. rlstrom
~ ~ ¼ ~ ~
~
~~ ,,,✓.W,
, :m.
~ '. %, 1//. 1/, ~~
•
' .. ~

~ ~ ~ 0 1//. 1//.
~ ,✓• ~z %~ 1/,w.; ~~ ..,.,✓, ~ .,..,.,✓, ~- '✓A✓✓ ~~ 1//% 1//,~

~ ½
,-✓ ,,,,7, ;....- ~
i 1/,
a-:}. W, ~~W,~- . W, 1/, ;,,;..;,..,_w.;...__ ~-~ ~~ ~~
a 39 Forced Checks b 40 Forced Checks ~ ¼ ~ ~ ~

D·ie Schwalbe 2487a

Jan./Maroh, 1968 Die Schwalbe 2487
_,,;.;,,~ % ~
Norbe,rt Rlin,ge,ltau be 1 June/July 1967
after A. S. M. D·i·ckins A. S. M. Dickins F13,a 26 reed
~ V, z .,,,,. ~ Stale,mate·s
~ ~ .

~ ~ .

¼ ~
-=- , • • W/2

,,,~_..,.,.., , ..- ~ W, ,,,,~

~ ,,,,
,,,.
I•" 1/,
~ VA ~//, ~ ~

de1d. to W. Croiss
•
.,,,,,, , w '//. w ~~~-✓/, W, - =~~~~-- BCM QQ 1720 Die s.chwalb,e 2314
F9d 59 Forced Checks Mar. 1967 Oct. 1966
F9c 60 Forced Checks A. S. M. Dii1ckins A. S. M. Di ck·ins 1

No significant figure
~ ,..1:,,,; ..
ite and Black •I
--~,.,Y,
• ,:
~
• •

~¼ %[,,. ,.,_ ~~.,,/,

Problem 106-108 % I 0
May 1967 Problem
A. S. M. Dickins May 1967 W. Cross
z ,. ~ 1/,, 1//,, ,,
~ / .,._ ,.. 1/, ~ 1// y,
~W, //,
~
w., ..., ~ .I..

-~~½ , %1/, ,
/// ¼ ~
~ ~0 ~~ ~
~
;,.,-.
~-
.,.,~
-- ,,,
/ . .,
w.
, , 1//,~
0., ~1/,~
.• ~
0 ~1/,1/,
%~ .,,., ~ - ~,,, 1/,,
~ ¼ ._,,.,w/ 0 A ~ W,z ~,,,,,V,, -:_- ~ f/,
., :1/,
,,,,,
,;..;,,
~W,
1/h
%W,
1/h
%
. w. , ;
W, %~ '. ,,,,, ,
~ ~ ~ ~ .,,,,, , ~ ~ --~ ~ ~ ~
: ~ t ~ F15a 81 F•orced F15b 83 Forced
; ~ •• : =%
Stalem ate Relea,s;e•s 1 Stale,mate Release:s

, , w 1/, ¼~ 1/, . % %

FlOa 42 Forced Cheicks FlOc 59 Forced Checks

(with 21 men)
All 32 men Die Schw·albe 2673 D•ie Schwalbe 2756
,ite O•nly · ite and Bla,ck May 1968 July/Aug. 1968
A. S. M. Dickins R. de Winne & A. Servais
Die Schwalbe 2459
Die Schwalbe 2547 ~ ~...,,. ~
Oct./Dec. 1967 1/, -1///.

H. T. Kuner and Oc,t./Dec. 1967 1//, %1/, , 1/1/, :,: •. , ~

1/h 0 I ,

B. Neum•ann B. Neumann
z . /, , 0 ~
1/, ~ ~ ~
~0 ~
1//, • ,,
~ .,,,W . ~ ~ I 0~ I~
/
1/, 1//.

~ .I.. ~ -- . ,~ i
..I.. <,~/, ~ ~ .I..
~/.,.,., ~~¼ ~ ~ A
A A· A ~¼
0
1/,

..I..
~~
,....,
-✓ .,,..,,,hc:1:,, .. ½
~
~

, ., ,,, ,:,.. .,,,, ~- A ~

'
'
~ ~ ~ ·i -=>' A
,.,,..,, ,,,,, 'z ,, 0 1/,~--, , ~

~ ~ ~ . ~ 0 '1 1/,
z ~ ~~ f '" 1/-z .,,..., :%~ ~- •

: -W~ '/;,/./ A ~ ¼ ~ ~
x ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ,,.,,1/,~ 1/,~ ~~/✓✓ :%~
~oc=,J -~

,.._ ,, 1//. ~ ¼ ,,,, ~ Fl5:c 123 Fo reed F15f 55 Forced

fi . . ,,,,,,, 0::~ .,.,,.,., ::;'~ 1/,
Stalemia,te Rele,ases Stalemate Re·le,ase·s
~
' \;, .; 1
w ~. w
-~
-~ ~ ~ ~ . . . ,

F 30 Fio~ced eeks
46
F -six
 FCR Die wa:1be
.A;pr. A. Ka-rlstrom Sept. 1961 G. Murki
w, w, ¾ . , ,. t ~ ;' , ., ~

~
1//.
~: ,
;::..,:..
--=- ~
'//✓✓/ -~ , ~ ,, ·~ ,,.,,,,

~
ite ·only
,,,, ~
Die Schwalbe ■
Feb./Mar. 1964 Die ·Schwalbe Sep·t. 1963
H. T. Ku,ner W. Otio·ss & Dr. K. Fia:bel
~ ~ ?fa . -.=--:;
1/"/, ~ ,; ,½ ~

~ ~
~~ ,,,,,.'/ ,
I
'. ,.,,,.,,.,./; @ = '//,@
I
~,' ,•
/
,,
~~- <,,,,,~ ~
;,'/,
Fl9b 106 Force-d F19c 162 Forced
Stop-mates Stop mates

Fl 7b 101 Forced F17c 149 Forced

No Duals Selfm,ates No Dual·s Se•lfmate·s 1

DIT

Die Schwalbe D,ie Schwalbe . it. 1963 UT.157

Aug. 1963 Dr. K. ~abel W. Cro:ss & D·r. K. F1abe;l .155 Die Schwalbe
Schachze·itung 1849 Nov./De,c. 1949
¾ ~ ~ p. 40 M. Bezze.l N. Petrovic
~ ~ ~
0 ~ ~ w ~ ~ i ~~ ~ 1/// ?fa
'/✓//. :,',~ ,,,,.,,, ~ ~ '//✓✓ :1/.~ ,_,,.,.,., :1/.~~
%,~
%: ~ ~ ~
~ ~

~ r,..-,:-~ .w, ,%
1//,,

~~ ~ 1
~ w, ..I.. ~ ..I.
--;-,,~ ½ A?3: ~A :.,,,,,,
;

~ 0 . ,
~ ; ;:,; ~ - /

' , -~,, ~¼ :%', - ,,, , ,

. r/. ' Yil
~ ~ '1// 1/, ..
I ;...:...:
,
//c :-,
,,, .--/ ,I .
,/.
1/
I
, , -
■
, ~ ~

~
Fl 7b 102 Porced F17c 153 Forced ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '-=-- ~ i~
With Dl1als Selfm ates 1
With Dual·s Selfmates
A. 100 Move·s B. 122 Mo-ves
by 8 , ite Me,n only by 16 Whl,te Me·n on·ly

(m · stopping a · te in One) ,

.156
BCM QQ 1751 .154
Ju.ly 1967 H,a:rnibu·rg Corre·sp·on1dent
Skakbladet Aug. 1940 Skakbladet Aug. 1940 A. S. M. Di:ckins 1924 A. J,o-ewenton
K. A. K. Larsen 1
0. S. Pe,te·rsen
~ -~ ?fa ?fa
~0. ~-½ V,
¾ ~ ~ ~ ¾ ~ /,
.,,,,,.,
~,
~✓✓✓/: ~

(i ~ ~~

~~

~
~ ~/ ~1//, ,,,,,~
0

~
~~
?fa '
. w ,,,,,, ..,
~ ~ -~_,,,,/ ~ ~ ~ -
■

~ a. ~ ~
,
.
, .7/.
1//,~
-~ , -~ ~
C. 145 Move s 1
D. 173 Move,s
F19a 79 Forced F19a 79 Fovc·e d by 16 ·te Men aided by 16
Stop-mate•s
1
,ite and B.lack
Stopmate,s Pieces
47
Forty-seven
 then .that should not be consid.ered as a 'du;al' in the
e theo·retica•l m ·m11:tn ,o.f 105 !mo,ves b•y 8 ·te sense that it wou,ld 'd i.sq.u,al!ify', or ' met fl"om the 1

pieces ca·nnot be ,obtained ,on the normal 8 x 8 bo ard 1 value of', the p·ro,blem.
(Bezzel'•s 100-move po•s:itilon i'.s the neiare·st po ssible 1
It is quite clear tha\t in counting the moves of a
app~o•a ) . But ·it cia,n be obta,i ned on a ·C:ylinder, where
each piece has its 8 x 8 ma:x;imu.m m,oves •aViailable, as Oonstructi,on Task on a Cyli·nder the essentia.l pro,per-
1
ties of t·he Cyl inde·r must be taken into account. In
i,n diagran1 X below.
fact, the wording of the Piran ,co.dex ·could a•lso be
However, the p,rop·ertie,s of the C1ylinders, and the :interpre to mea:n that there miay be 'two ro-ute·s', or
rules otf play on a cyliindrica·l b,0 ard, allow th·e p:ieces to 1
'two m oves' ·to ,a given squ,are; ,and ,the Plirain C·odex
1

ci~cle the cylinder in either •o,f , o d.irectio,ns, g,ivin:g specifically a1·1oiws the encircle111en1t of the cylinder
the RJ0 ok two ro,utes to return to ,i ts O•rligin.al squ,are,
1 1
.terin1in:arting in the return to the ori gmal square. 1

and the Bishop · ·O routes to reach a squiare at a 1

distance o·f (4,4) from its original s·quare. The·se cylin- e two dia,gram:s · lo,w, Z(i) and Z(ii), sho,w po·si-
dr.ical proiperties muist be allowed for in co,unting mo,ve:s tions f or Maximum Mates on a Verltica1 C:Ylllinder, the
1

in a nstruction Ta sk on a ' 1inder (•o.r a·n ,cho r- 1

1 first with·o,ut P'l"Om'oti,o;n in play, the seco u sing 1

ring). ·e fo·llowing tab,le •sho·ws the, m,axi:1num move,s pro·motio,n in pl:ay.

ava·ilable to the piece·s a1o·ng ·0 pe•n route·s on the •three 1

t of Cylinder d i ag.ram Y ap1plie,s. 11

O~i·gtlool Z(ii) O·rig,inal
.
A. S. M. D 1ic.lcins A. S. M. Dii•ckins
Vertical Hori·zonta,l or-
Cy ·• der Cylinder ~',,'/, ~ ~,'// ~
.,.. ~ ,.;,%
Queen ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 37 64 ~

k ................. . 23 23 32
/ ~
Bishop • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 14 32 \ ,, r~ /, i ·
K. . . . . . ......... . 8 8 8
:.,.,

Ki • •• • ••••••••
• • • • • • 8 8 8
A
X Die ~;chwalbe
t ec. 196·7 y Original
A. S. M. Dlickin.s A. S. M. Dick ins 1

d ~ . ~ ~ .~ .

~ ~ ~
RTICAL C DER RT1CAL C DER
71 ma tes wiith·out 1
75 Mates, using
Piromo,tion in Pl·a.y Promoti on i,n Pl·ay 1

,
~ ~~ ~ ~% ~
cR=21; gR=21; eB=14;
aS-6; Q=6; dS=2; P=l aS=6; Q==4; dS=2;
~~ ~--,,., . (N0lte that the Q m
1
eP= 1; a7,d7,f7=6.
on a8; a,Illd h3 is the only (NOite that S(1a)•b3 is not
squa re on wh,ich the 1
mate, as the R at c4 is
~~ ~~ -~ Bl.P m ay stand fo•r 1
then unguarded; also,
legtaiity). tha:t the P a:t a6 mu,st be
~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ .
·te).
~- ~ ~ ~ :, ,,,, ~ ~ ~~~~-
105 Moves 8 ~,te Vert. & A.11chor- Addenda to Appendix D
Pieces on a Ve:rtioal Ho·riz. ·Cyls. ring (a) The diagra,n (a) shows 48 Mates b·y Pawn--m.o·ves
Cylinder Queen 37 64 ·only, · ite and Black, unforced, legal, n·o pro-
Q.27, 28, Bs 26, Ss 16, 2 Ro,oks 46 64 moted men.
K 8 (wlithout tak.in.g into 2 Bi,sh,o,p,s 28 64
accout\t cylindrical pro- 2 Knights 16 16 (b) e:re h:as been mu:ch activity during 1968 in com-
p,er.ties) King 8 8 posing position:s where Black (if he had the move)
would :be in stalemate, ,and . ite (who ha·s th.e
Y bas 99 moves on an 135 216 move) maintains that s·tale·ma:te. D~iagra1n (b·)
8x8 ard, the nearest mo·ves moives sh·o,ws the maximu;m . ite Stalem·ate Mainten:ance
to Be·zze1l's 100 maximu1rn. mo,ve·s, ,le gal, unfrorce,d, ,with 1p,:r:omote,d men.
1

On the Verticail lind·er th,e Rook at al h•as 8 m orve,s 1

(,b) Feenschach 9015
clo1ckwaJse a:long the 1st rank back to al a 8 moves (:a) F1C;R 2782 Jan-Feb. W. •Cro ss and 1

anti-clockwise back to al, plus 7 moves up the a-file. June 1937 Dr. Karl F1abel 1969 A. S. M. Dickins
. e Bishop at e3 has 7 move:s a1o•ng e:ach o·f the ~ Yd ~ ~ ///. ~ ½ ~ ~
diagonals h8-a7-gl and cl-h6-b8=14 moves. · e Queen
ha:s R+B =23+14=37 mo·ve.s. On the Horizontal Cylin·de:r 1
, !~
1....-.-
t,,.'w.,; ~
~~ ,

the count is the sa·1ne as on the Verti.cal • ld.nder. , ~- ~~ ' ,,,,,,,.. ,~

On the An.ch,o,r-ring the Ro ok at al ha s 4 ro-utes of 8 1 1
,,, 'w- 7-, ~
moves each back to a1=32 move:s. e Bish.op ait e3 ha,s ~ ' .,;.-
I~. m
4 routes of 8 moves each back to e3-32 mo ves. · e 1

Queen has R + B 64 m•oves. 1/, ~ ~ ~

e stateme.nt in the Piran . ex that ''the possiblility
of rea;ching a square by two rou•te1s is not regard.e:d as Iii=' ',,'/ ..&. : ..&. . ;
a du.al'' was NOT frame,d to ap p,Iy to counting Construc- 1 •
a J • l'1 . ~ ·~ lj/ 7 ~
tion Tasks on a Cyli·n der. e idea has neve,r be f,ore 1

~
1
W ,,.,,, I, ~
n considered in che:s,s literature. The intentio•n .~ :,..-, -~ 1/, """"" .~t:.-- . ;_~

1~ 48 Mates by Pawn- 211 Stalemate Maintenance

pi·e·ce ha,d two· rou . to a square in a · •de:r Pro,blern, m1oves, legal, unfor:ce'd moves, u:nforce,d, legal
. ht
48
 IX E
PI
. Stapff pp. 17,18,19,22,23; J. Boyer:........L.J. pp.80-88)
ARROW PIECES D PA S square ('round the cylinder m'ove'). S,ome of the pieces
ROW BISHOP invented by W. Hagemann, Braun-
schwei·g; R 3/7/p.70/Paper 10. It h.as all the normal
powers of a Bishop with the additio·n.al p ower, when
checking, of commanding the two adja.cent orthog:onal
squares at its arrowhead. Arrow Bishop at c2; Bl.K at
g6: then Arrow Bishop guards f5,g·6,h7,f6 and g5.
A OW PA invente·d by R. Pe:rs.s,on, Malmo;
FCR 3/10/p . 104/Paper 20. It ha:s all the usual moving
and capturing powe rs (bu:t NOT pro mot:i,on) in any of
1 1
the four o· · o,go·nal dire,ctions, movin g 1 or 2 step·s1
an here between the 1st and 8th ranks, and m;ay b:e
captured e.p. on any double step.
ARROW ROOK R 3/8/p.87/2944 Arrow Rook at
h3; Bl.K at e,3; then the Arrow Rook gua·rd,s f2 and f4
as well as the third rank.
AT OSAURUS (see Capturing Pieces) Capturing
!Qng.
ATO :C BO inve·nted by Nassouh b,e•y Taber, Trans-
jordan, Ap,ril 1949; see also arti·cle by C. H. O'D.
Alexander in the Su ay Times, 29th May, 1949. A
pawn can p;ro,m,ote to an Atomic Bomb, then le,ap to
any desire d s·qu,are, wh·ere it de stroys everyth:ing
1 1
around it in an area of (n) ste1p s. l't can only be played
1
1 HYDRA inv·en·te:d b·y Peter Pratt, Studies of .chess, 1803
on·ce. If it destro,ys· the opp·onent's King, t·he pie·ce of
next highest ran·k then be,come·s King.
BALLOON inve.nted by Dr. Ma ack. A four-dimensional
1
Bi!sh op in Sp:ace Chess (q.v.).
1
BOYSCO inv·e,n,te.d by J. de A. Almay, Budape,s.t. It
is a ru,der along a zi·gzag dia.gonal; B,oyiscout at g6 can
move to f5,e6,d5tc6, . .; or h7,g8. See FCR 4/5/p.83.
BRONTOSAURUS (see Capturi·ng Piece•s:) Oap,t.uring
Bishop.
CA 1tET invented by P. Pratt, Studies of Chess 1803
(1825 edition), p.520. I·t i·s a pawn reiaching the promo-
tion rank of the boar,d before any p1ie ce of its own 1
colour ha·s been captured. Unde,r the old rule of pawn-
pro•motion it could only promiote to a 'los,t p•iece', so the
Oadet remains on the prom.0 tion rank as a Rankrider
1
until a piece of its own colour is captu·red, when it must
pr,om,ote to that piece, if such p,romotion is legal.
CA URING PIECES can move, but only in order to
capture. · ey were inve·nted by J. de A. Almay, Buda-
pes -FCR 4/5/·p.83, where he lists all ·his Fairy
·1dren in o·rder of bi . · . See the Refle·xmate in 482
moves, by K. A. L. Hiill, R 5/4/p.31/5455, which uses
C.King-Atlantosauru s·. C.Queen-Dinoisaurus. C.Rook =
1
potamus. Immobile C.Piece on Q-line·s =Polyp (w·hich
has n,o effect on Black Kin,g).
CHA LEON. It change·s its powers, but not its
colour, o·n each move, starting as a Knight •On the first,
then a Bish.op, then a Ro,ok, then a Queen, finally
reverting to Kni,ght again-always in that order, unles.s
otherwise state·d. Invented by W. E. Le,s1ter, C.A., 1925.
CO OY invente·d b·y J. de A. Almay, Bud'apest. R the c·olour of o•the·r men they attack; als 0 if again
4/5/p.83. It is a n·on-capturing ride·r •on the perin1e·ter ·
ranks and file·s. It 'lasso;os' any man on its rank or file
(in the bo1a rd centre) th.at has 8 va cant squ,ares around
1
it, stalemating that man. Bl.K at c7 on an e,mp1ty board
is · ·lemated by Cowboy at ·a7,cl or h7 (but not •at c8).
49
CYCLIC PIECES dnvented by E·. W. nneitt, lbo,urne.
FC:R 7/18/p.154/Paper 175. e,se p·ie'ces p,la•y on an
8 x 8 p·lane board but h.ave the same 'move·' that they
\Vould have on a Vertical Cylinder. ey do not h,ave
the p,owe,r of returning to the.ir own original starting
on the board may be normal, and some cycli'c.
DINOSAURUS (see Cap turing
1
Pie.ce·s) Oap.turing
1
Queen.
DO LE KNIGHT invented by K. Kaiser, Stu,ttgart. It
makes two conse,cu,tive Kn ight le1aps, wi·th p·ower of
1
stoppling on the firs.t. e ·se·cond leap must be in an
outward dire,ction, two steps further away from its
starting square, but NOT a squ·a·re that a Nightrider
could visit. Fro·m e8 it can leap to d6 or b5 or e4, but
NOT to c4. See also HYDRA (PFS 2/4/1152 Fe·b. 1934).
DO -MOVE Q EN invented by A. W. Baillie and
T. H. Willcocl{s, FCR 9/13/p.107. Each move consists of
a Bi.sh,op-move followe·d by a Ro•o•k-m1ove, or a Rook-
move followed by a Bis•h1op~move, and all the s:quares
en route must be C'lear. Captures and c·hecks are u•nder
the same c o•nd)iti·on. The abb,revia ti.on is DQ.
1
EQUIGRASSHOPPER (named by J. E. H. Creed; see
also ORIX) FCR 6/2/p.8 (148) /6564. It is an Equihopp·e·r
limited to ranks, files and d:iagon·als only.
HIPPOPOTAl\'lUS (see C'ap turing Pie·ce·s)
1 Captttring
Knigh:t.
e,dition. A pawn re aching the pro,moti,on rank be,f ore a
1
pie ce of its o,vn c,olour has been captured (under the
1
old convention of pawn .. pro,motion) be,comes a Hydra,
a Knight with a dou,ble le1ap; no limitations .are defined
o,n the dire,ct.i·on of the secon,d stage ·of ,the le ap (·see 1
also, D·ouble Knight).
IMl\'IOBILE PIECE ON QUEEN LI S (see Oap,turing
Pie,ces) =Polyp.
INVISIBLE N invented by A. S. M. Dick:ins:, Ke,v.
Schwalbe 2426, Jan/Mar. 1967. See· Se·ction II, Spe1cial
Po,wers, under INVISIBILI .
JIBBER invente,d by C. D. Locock, Lon:d•on. FCR 3/5/
p.50/2672. It move·s on Queen lines and stops short of
the first man it meets (jib s like a horse •at a fence·).
1
JOKER KINGS invented by J. Akenhe,ad and R. J.
D·arvall. FCR 7/8/p.59/Paper 133, als,o 6/13/p.94/Paper
112. After each move the· o·ther co,lour JK takes the
move and guard p,o,wer :of the last-moved man.
KANGAROO. J. d·e A. Almay, Budape'st. FCR 4/5,14513
Apr. 1940. It ho·P·S lilre a G·rassl1opper, but :to ,th·e next
square b·eyond two men, whic·h need not stand on
a·djacent squares.
LETZEN KINGS, isee King Ohe·ss.
MAGNETIC QUEENS invented by W. Hage·mann,
Brauns,chweig. FCR 7/16/p.143/Pape,r 168. When attack-
ing a man along its line •Of motion the·y attract it (on
1
the imme·diately folio.wing single-m·ove) along the line
1
as near as it can le·gally p lay towards them, provided
1
it can legally m,ove. If atta·cking more than one man,
they lose their 'magnetic' p.ower, as als,o if they chec'k.
1 l\lAGIC PIECES invente,d by Brazilian composers. See
Feensc1iach page 554, l\larch and April 1964. They alter
1
attacked by the same piece, from anothe.r direction.
Not a1)plicable to l(ings and Pawns-but P. C. Asbury-
Smith in Feenschach 6201 •applies it to Magic Pawns an·d
A. H. Knies.t in Feenschach 6624-7 applies it to Magic
Kin gs. 1
•
-nine
l\1A1'l1\il0TH (see Capturing Pieces) Capturing Ro-ok.
MINOTAURUS invented by J. de A. Almay, Budapest.
FCR 4/5/p.83. It mo·ves only on the 2-square dia,gonals
in the corners of the board, a2-bl, etc.
UT L PIECES OR P S. See Section II, Special
Powers, under UT Jj •
NOSTALGIC KING invented by W. Hagem,ann, Braun-
schweig. (German, Urfe·ldkonig) FCR 8/3/p.22/Paper
181. On rea·ch,ing a s:quare a Queen·'s m·o,ve from it-s
home square, -the No·sta1gic King mus,t, on the next
move, go h-ome.
OVERRUN R invente,d by Otto Dehler. R 6/10/
p.71/7136. It ·has an -ordinary Bisho;p's mo·ve, but ·at the
edge o,f the board it can continue ,one orthogonal
squ,are ·al·ong the e·dge at an angle of 45 ° to its f 01-mer
line. ( e·re is ·a danger of confusi,on in translatio•n
here; the Oberlaufer is given by H.S. as the Archbi's•hop;
the Over·runner sho,uld be Uberlliuf er, ·or Ueberlliufer,
in Ge1◄1nan.)
ORIX invente,d by J. de A. Almay, B11d:apest; later called
Equigrasshop pe,r ( q.v.).
1
PROTEAN KING invented by A. Knie:st, Frankfurt, and
Dr. J. Niem,ann, Darms tadt. It acquires the rank of each
1
piece captured, until the next capture alters it. King
capture of a Wh,ite Pawn mejans th,at th·e Black King
moves p,awn-wi·se up the b oard and pro·motes on the
1
8th rank. FCR 7/1/p.2 (94) /7745-8.
POL (see Oap:turin·g Pieces) Immo,b.ile Capturing
Piece on Queen-line s. 1
D-CROSS MEN inve·nte-d by J. G. Ingtam, Nursling.
vR 2/8/p.83/1529. ey do not cap,ture and are
immune from 'Capture; they m-ove only to interpose, by
the qu1i ckes-t rou•te, on a line o·f check.
1 1
ROYALTIES are very old, going back to at least 1878.
A Royal Pie,ce is consi,dered as a King for checks, check-
mate:s and stalemates but moves with its own p,ower.
Any p,ie·ce may be Royal.
SERPENT invented by V. K. Menon, Trichur. FCR
4/3/p.29/3948. It move:s to all Nightrider squ:ares and
their (single) diag-onal outgoing squ are,s. Serpent al 1
can m·ove t·o b2,c2,d3,e3,f4,g4,h5 (See pp. 65/66).
SQUIR L inve·nted by N. Ko·vacs, Bu.d-apest. FCR 3/7/
p.71/Paper 11. It is a combination of Alfi.I + Dab,baba
+ Knight, so a Squirrel at d4 contro•ls the perimeter
squ,are·s of the rectangle b2-f6.
TANK invented by K. J. Go-od'are. FCR 8/5/p.34/Paper
184. It m.C\ve,s one squ,are ,orthogon,ally or dia!gonally,
like a l{ing. If the squ.are to which it move,s is occup·ied
by a hostile chessman, the Tank cap,tures it; if by one
of its own colour, the Tank pushe,s it on one square.
This man, in turn, captures an o·pp-osing man, or pus·hes
on a. man of its own co,lo·ur, and so on. Any numbe·r
of men may be pushed on, provide·d they are in a
straight line, and the end one (not a King) may be
pushed off the board. Pawns may be pushe·d back t·o
the·ir initial squares, and have there the- option of a
double-move. They promote norm,ally if pushed on to
the 8th or 1st ranks. See 9299 (FCR) for Pawns promot-
ing to Tanks; and 9300 (FCR) for a Neutral Tank.
TRIZEBRA inven:ted b,y N. M. Gib,bins, FCR 7/14/p.121/
8810. It m.ake·s three consecutive Zebra leaps, the third
'.>eing parallel to an,d in the same direction as the first.
forming the letter 'N'. It is the only 6th-•sitep na-med
Leaper.
Fifty
1'ltANSPA ,NT PIECES invented by C. D. Locock,
London. F 3/5/p.50/2672. Other pieces pass throu·gh
them.
UNICORN invented by Dr. Maack, Hamburg. A three-
di•mensional Bish.op in S-pace Chess (q.v.).
VAULTING KINGS (Equiho·p·pe·r IG.ngs) invented by
J. G. Ingram, Nursling. F 7/9/p.70/Paper 141. en
in check the,y have the added power of an Equiho·pper;
or other defined man. See also FCR 4/3/ p.34/Paper 44.
VICTORY HOPPERS invented by N. M. G.ibbins, R. J.
D·arvall and C. E. Kemp. FCR 6/2/ p.146/Paper 93. These
special ho,p,pers move like Equihop p·e,rs on a line of an
1
even nu-mber of leaps, bent at the halfway point to
form the sh;ape o,f the le·tter 'V'.
VICTORY APERS :invented by N. M. Gibbins, Faken-
1
ham. FCR 4/16/p.176/Paper 62. They take a seco,nd leap
from their normal arrival squ,are in a direction for1ning
a V..ip.attern with the first le,ap.
X-RAY PIE.CES inventeid by E. Feigin and N. Givoli,
Tel Aviv. FCR 8;'1/p.4;'9159. They play t·hrough any
man.
ZEPPELIN invented by J. A. Lewis, Leeds. .11"'CR 5/6/
p.48/5596. It is a Ri-de•r moving along every curve whose
su, ssive steps are (1,x) (1, x + 1) (1, x + 2) ...
ZERO invented by A. S. M. Dickins, Ke'\\-~. It is a 0-0
aper, whose 'move' is a leap in the air and straight
down again ·on the same square (a 'stationary' move).
It cannot che ck or capture, bu·t it can be captured
1
(compare Pyramid and Dummy Pawn).
APPENDIX F
OTHER GA ES, B ARDS AND
STIPULATI NS
ACTUATED REVOLVING CENT invented by A. E.
Farebrother, Quebec, and W. H. Rawling·s. FCR 3/4/
p.40/2610 and 3/13/p.134/Paper 25. The cen-tre (·de45)
and its contents rotate ¼ turn clockwise after any man
has moved into or with.in the centre.
AJJCE CHESS inven:ted by V. R. Parton. FCR 8/16/
p.122/Paper 195; N.J.51. o boards are used an.d one
normal set of chessmen. After every m·ove the moved
man must be tra11sferreid fro·m its arrival squ.are to· the
corres1ponding e,mpty square on the other board. A move
must be legal on the bo·ard on which it i·s p,layed.
Check can only occur from a man on the same board
as the King, but guard,s on the King's :flight-squares are
effe ctive from ei:ther bo,ard.
1
e ma,te must be Alice-
type.
BILLIA CHESS, BILLIARDS CHESS
(a) French Style b•y J. Berthoumeau. c.lR 8/10/p. 72/
Paper 191; N.J.76. All men may reb-ound from the board
edge like a ball fro m a billiard-table cus.hion, with or
1
without capture, and may do s·o several times in succes-
si-on as one move, capturing up to four men in the
proces s on the edge of the bo ard and a fifth, after the
1 1
las·t re,b-ound, in the centre. Kings re·bound one· square
as Ro·ok o,r Bishop, and Pawns capturing on to the a-
or h-file,s reb,ound one square as Bishop, b-ut d,o not
rebound from a promotion move. Bi·shops m oving into 1
a corner rebound back along the diagonal-b·ut Knights
d,o not rebound fro·m a corner. Rebound, which is not
· co-mpulsory, m,ay not be p,erpetual, but must come to a
defin1ite sto,p.
(b) Dutch Style by J. B. Verdonk, Utrechit. F 7/9/
p.72/Paper 146. The corner square,s •at a18,h18, represent
50
 'pockets' and the board edges 'side-cushions'. Bishops on the board on any legal square, as the capturer
and Queens can, subject to interference, rebound off wishes.
the cushions ad Libitum. A man played to one of the STOPPING GA invented by W. Hagemann, Braun-
corner squares is 'potted' and 'spotted' (i.e. it returns sch\\~eig. FCR 7/17 /p.146/Paper 171. Each Black man
to its game array square). can move once only.
CLOCKWORK CHESS invented by A. S. M. Dickins, U-CHESS invented by M. Charosh, U.S.A., from an ide:a
Kew. When the 'mechanism' is 'wound up', all the by I. Ohernev. The name s;tands for ''Unambi,guoos
chessmen begin to move at once, by single-step moves. Three-symbol Chess'', as no move may be played unless
Each tick of the mechanism is the signal for a single- it can be expressed unambiguously by means of three
step move by every man on the board. On the next tick s bols, or less, in the Englis,h notation-thus PB3 or
the move must continue, in the same direction (if B x S are acceptable, provided there ,is only one such
possible) or by a legal change of direction if the board move on the board. But P x S - Q has too many s
edge is rea1c1he,d. ( ·. o Pawns mee,1ing he ad-on disLocate
1 bols; and in the initial array PB3 or PB4 are both
the me,c.hanism, which stops, and play ceases). Each ambiguous, and the ref ore unacceptable. Check, and
single-step move must be to a 'legal' square-one that mate, do not count as symbols. FCR 8/12/p.88 and
would 'nox·mally' be legal for the ches·sman to visit. 9/3/p.22.
Knights, however, move a single orthogonal or diagonal A Original B Original
step on the first tick and complete their proper move A. S. M. Dickins A. S. M. Dickins
on the next tick. (Pinned men cannot move; and the
King cannot move to a square that was ~ormall:}"' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ;,'h ~

guarded before the tick). Diagonally adjacent Pawns ....

either mutua:1ly ca·pture eaich other, o·r boith go 10n;
1
'
'
ij'/,,
•.
.JL. I
0 ~

Black always decides this. There is no e.p. capture;

and check can only be given in a final checkmate. If
two adverse men enter the same square simultaneously,
then the senior one captures the junior one ~ ~
K,Q,R,B,S,P being the order of seniority; if of equal
rank, then both are mutually captured. If any one man
is attacked {single-step) by more than one adverse
man, then the mechanism is jammed, and play stops. ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ?,

The aim is 'Mate in n ticks'. A and B below are two ~ ~ :{f, ~ . ~ ~ ~

problems in . Clockwork Chess. Clockwork Chess Anchor-ring
(N.B.- o men of the same colour may not enter Helpmate in o Ticks Clockwork Chess
the same square; b1oth mu s t 1chiange· dire,ctio,n).
1 1
Helpmate in o Ticks
GHOST CHESS invented by T. R. Dawson. FCR 8/7 & 8/ APPE XG
pp.50 & 58/9425-6 and 9481-2, N.J. 54. e ghost of a
captured man is left on the square, but cannot be E
captured again.
Exclusively devoted to Fairy Chess
GRID CHESS invented by W. Stead, Middlesbrough, in
the summer of 1953. It was adopted as the theme for (i) Books and Pamphlets
the T. R. Dawson Memorial Tourney of that year in 1885 CHESS ECCE RICITIES by G. H. Verney
Fairy Chess Review. FCR 8/11/p.80. The first Grid 1886 CHANCELLOR CHESS by B. R. Fo ster 1

Problem composed was No. 9630 on page 81 of FCR 1907 THE 20th CE URY RETRACTOR by Mrs. W. J.
8/11, but all the problems on pages 80 and 81 were Baird
composed within the first few weeks of· the invention. 1908-1919 Space Chess publications of Dr. Maack and
e board and rules have been described in Section III. the Hamburg Space Chess Club
1910 150 SCHACHKURIOSITATEN by Problematicus
KING CHESS invented by .E. Letzen. FCR 7/4/p.32. 1915 RETROGRADE ANALYSIS by T. R. Dawson and
Kings move and capture like Queens, but may not pass W. Hundsdorfer
over attacked squares unless the attacker is pinned or 1922 FATA MORGANA by Dr. E. Birgfeld
captured on the move. 1927 ON RE'l'ltACTION E,SS PROBLEMS b,y Dr. Niels
LI CHESS invented by N. M. Gibbins, Fakenham. H oeg. ·
1

FCR 5/9/p.66/Paper 78 and 3/16/p.168/Section 3. One 1929 HEXAGONAL CHESS by H. D. Baskervi·lle.

single file only is used for a problem, or a 1 x 8 board. 1933 CHESS CHIMES FROM PRAGUE by Z. Ma ch. 1

Eight problems may therefore be set on one normal 1935 CAISSA'S \VILD ROSES by T. R. Dawson
diagram. FCR ran its 11th Tourney, in 1944, in Line 1936 C. M. FOX, HIS PROBLEMS by T. R. Dawson
Chess. 1937 CAISSA'S ROSES IN CLUSTERS by T. R.
Dawson
CHI GUN CHESS invented by J. E. H. Creed, 1938 ULTI E S by T. R. Dawson
Reigate. FCR 4/15/p.174/5047. Every man attacked by 1947 UNE NOUVELLE I ENTION by Znosko-Borovsky
an adversary is bodily removed in a single operation. 1947 CAISSA'S FAIRY TALES by T. R. Dawson
ite and Black men mutually attacking are mutually 1947 AM RA E DES SCHACHB S by Dr. Karl
killed; but a man sheltering behind a line piece is not Fabel
killed. Kings are killed in the same way. The object is, 1948 EINFOHRUNG IN DAS MARCHENSCHA by
generally, to clear the board. Hermann Stapff
1949 CAISSAS MARCIIEN translated by Dr. Massmann
AREST MAN MO R. FCR 8/7/p.53/9448. Both sides 1950 Apr. EINZOGER REKORDE by N. Petrovic
must play the man nearest to the arrival square of the . 1951 S UX D'ECHECS NON OR ODO S by
last-moved adverse man. J Boyer
REPLACING CHESS invented by J. E. H. Creed, 1953 ELEMENTE DES MARCHENSCHACHS (by
London. FCR 4/5/p.84/4535, and 6/2/p.8(148)/6563; T.R.D.) translated by W. Karsch and Dr. J.
L.J.44. ter each capture the captured man is replaced Niemann
51 Fift
 .

1954 NO EAUX JEUX D'EC CS NON O 0- (,b) CURRE PERIODICALS with Pro blern Editors.
1

DOXES by J. Boyer BRITISH CHESS MAGAZI

1955 RUND UM DAS SCHACHBRE by Dr. Karl Fabel Problem World-.J. M. RICE, 15 Shalstone Road, East
1955 32 PERSONAGGI E UN A O b-y L. Oeriani. Sheen, London, S.W.14
1958 ARE THERE ANY? by G. F. Anderson
1960 KURIOSES SCHACH by Dr. Karl Fabel Quotes and Queries,-D. J. MORGAN, Brynhyfryd,
1960 DER JAGER IM SCHACHSPIEL by Theodor Buarth Road, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, Wales
Steudel
1961 GE SI DEL POSIZIONI by L. Ceriani. DIE SCHWALBE (,German La•nguage)
1963 DOPPELZUGSCHACH by H. Kltiver. Fairy Se:c tion-H S P·ETER REHM, 75 Karlsruhe 41,
1

1963 FASCHINGSSCHACH DER :LT by Hans Kltiver Fidtjof-Nan,s~n S:trasse 27, West Germ.any
1965 YE FAERIE CHESSEMAN by D. L. Miller Mathematical and Retro-Dr. KARL FABEL, 8031
1966 SCHACH UND ZAHL by Bonsdorff, Fabel and Eichenau bei Mtinchen, Bergstrasse 3, West Ger-
Riihimaa many.
1967 XIMUM T S by The Fairy Chess Corre-
EUROPE ECHECS (French language)
spondence Circle
JEAN O OT, 1 bis, rue Rouget de l'Isle, 92 -
1967 A GUIDE TO FAIRY CHESS by A. S. M. Dickins Courbevoie, France
1968 CHESS VARIATIONS b-y J,ohn G-ollon.
1969 CHESS UNLIMITED by C. Ke-mp and Dr. K. Fabel ISRAELI Chess Magazines (Hebrew language)
1970 RE:CORDS IN ONE-MOVER CHE.SS CONSTRUC- J. GOLDSCH DT, P.O. Box 142, Rishon le Zion,
TION TASKS by W. Cross ,an1d A. S. M .. D·ickins. Israel
1970 AN 1\LB 1 OF FAIRY CHE,SS edited by A. S. M. PROBLEE LAD (Dutch language)
D,ic·~ins .
J. HARTONG, Maastorenflat, Schiedamsedijk 198,
1971 THE SERIESHELP11\'IATE :by John Rice ,and A. S. M. Rotterdam 1, Holland
Dickins.
PROBLEM (Serbo-Croat language)
(ii) Periodicals NENAD PETROVIC, Zagreb 1, Marulicev Trg. 15,
(a) No longer current (available in the British Museum Jugo-Slavia
and the British Chess Problem Society)
PROBLEMAS (Spanish language)
1930 Aug.-1936 June E PROB MIST FAIRY
L. OLIVELLA de PAGES, Av. Generalissimo, 519-
SUPPLEMENT .
521, 3o, 2a Barcelona, Spain
1936 Aug.-1958 April FAIRY CHESS REVIEW
(b) Current STELLA POLARIS (Scandinavian languages)
ENSCHACH, editor, W. RSCH, 2202 Barmstedt J. MOR NSEN, Set. Olavsalle 44, Taastrup, Den-
(Holstein), Seestrasse 2, West Germany mark
THE S 64 (French language)
(iii) Articles and Extracts J. BERTIN, 14 Avenue Ledru-Rollin, Paris 12e
1907-1910 CHESS PUZZLES in the C.A. by Dr. Pla·nck. (limited to Selfmates, Reflexmates, Maximummer-
1922 Au.g. CHESS PIE No. 1 'Chess zzle,s' p.82. Selfmates, Helpmates, Retrograde Analysis, and
1927 July CHESS PIE No. 2, 'Back to yd' p.4 occasionally Marseilles Chess; fairy pieces limited
1936 Aug. CHESS PIE No. 3 'Chess Facts and Figures' to Grasshopper and Nightrider only.)
1943 E MENTS OF FAIRY CHESS by T. R. Dawson E PROBLE ST (English Language)
FCR 5/5/p.39 Selfmates.-R. L. SPENCER PAL R, 12 Shep-
1958 'fIIE PIRAN CODEX, Problem S ion of FIDE
1963 CHESS PROBLEMS: Introduction to an Art, by herds House Lane, Earley, Reading, Berkshire,
Lipton, ,Matthews and Ri.ce; Chap,ter 16. England
1967 DICTIONNAI DE.S ECHECS b·y F. Le Lionn·ais Help,mate·s.-W. B. TRUMPER, 37 · e·stnut Road,
and Ernst Mage·t. Moseley, Birmingham 13, Englan.d.
1970 AN ABC OF CHESS PROBLEMS by J. M. Ri.ce. Faiiry Ch,e!s:s· Dr. C. C. L. SE·LLS, 108 Cante·Ifuu:ry
1

Roa·d, Fa.rn:b,o·rou!gh, Ha!nts, Englan:d.

• Not exclusively devoted to Fairy Chess
• •
1e ab 0ve will noirmially accep,t vari·o,u.s typ,es of Fairy
1 1

(i) Books,-a small selection of 'Classics' Chess Problems.

1892 T ITE ANAL Q by Tolo sa y Carreras
1

1892 GA S ANCIENT A ORIENTAL by Edward

Falkener (Dover N.Y. 1961) The follorwing b100,ks, maga,zine!s and leaflets also con-
1913 A HISTORY OF CHESS by H. J. R. Murray ta:in F;a,i.ry Chess m:a:teria l:
1

(0.U.P. 1962) 1846 THE CHESS PALLADIUM AN11 MATHEMATIC

1913 S.i:\M LO by Alain C. ite (Dover N.Y. 1962) SPIIINX, New York, O·c·t-D·ec.
1927 ASYMMETRY by T. R. Dawson and W. Pauly 1862 HANDBUiCH D.ER SCHACHAUFGABEN by Max
1929 THE GOLDEN ARGOSY by W. A. Shinkman La.n:g.e
1952 FIG UREN-RUND .. U IM SCHACHPROB M
1924 DEUTSCHE,S MARCHENSCHACH (one issue)
by W. Kars:ch and W. Ha·ge,mann. edited b·y F. Warden·er and F. Palatz
1961 FIDE Album I (1956-1958)
1964 FIDE (1945-1955) First Retrospective Album 1925-1927 FUNKSCHACH. e:dite d by F. Pa:latz
1 1

1931-19'33 DEUTSCHE MARCHENSCHACHZEITUNG

1966 FIDE Album II (1959-1961)
1968 FIDE Album III (1962-1964)
(ii) Periodicals
(a) No longer current
1906-1930 E CHESS AMATEUR (Editor of Fairy
section, T. R. Dawson) (available in the British
Museum and the British Chess Problem Society)
Fift'II- o 52
ed.ited by A. H. Kn·ie:s:t
1963-1970 Leaflets issued by A. H. Kniest
(a) 1963-1969 D·ia.gramme und Figu.ren, 259 sheets
•
(b) 1963-1970 Fra.nkfurter Notiz•en, 48 shee!ts
(·c) 1965-19i70 KennSlt du die Bibel? 40 shee:t·s
( d) 1970 Caiss:as Frohliche Tie1fgiaraige, 10 s,heets
1970 THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA 0,F CH S by Anne
Sunnucks
D:iaJgraJ11 ntl,rnbers are in Bo-Id Black, first. No page references are given to pages that already have a diagram
reference, ex:cept in the Addenda, pages 61-66.
Page Page
A...KENllE; , J. ... ... ... ... . .. 49 FLOOD, C. R., 39, 49 . . . ... ... . ..
A ERT Eugene 11 . .. ... ... . .. FOS R, B. R. . . . ... ... ... . .. 51
ft.i .XAN 1>ER, C. H. O'D.
1 ... ... . .. 49 FOX, C. M., 67 . . . ... . .. ... . ..
AU Y, J. de A. ... ... ... . .. 49, 50, 65 FRAN GEN, Werner, 104 .. . ... . .. 39
ANDERSEN ... ... ... ... . .. 16 GELITZ,.~· J ., 79 . . . ... ... ... . ..
A ERSON, G. F., 50, 51, 58 ... ... . .. 52 GIBBINS, N. M. . . . ... ... ... . .. 50, 51
ANDRADE, B. J. da C. 43 ... ... . .. GIVOLI, N. ... . .. ... ... . .. 50
AN ONY, Edwin . .. ... ... . .. 28 GOLDSCHMIDT, J. ... ... ... . .. 52
ASBURY-SM! , P. C. ... ... . .. 49 G 0'LL0 N, J. 1
... ... ... ... . .. 52
AUGUST, H., 69 . . . ... ... ... . .. GOODARE, K. J., Appx. D/21b .. . . .. 50
GUERI AULT, D., 111 ... ... . .. 61
BA•lll J JE, Rev. A. w. .. . .. . . .. . .. 49, 64 HAGEM'.ANN, ·W. ... ... ... . .. 49, 50, 51
BAIRD, Mrs. W. J. . .. ... ... . .. 23, 51 HALL, S. H. ... ... ... ... . .. 40
BAN, Dr. Jeno. Appx. D/lb . . . ... . .. 40 HARTONG, J. . . . ... . .. ... . .. 52
BARTOLOVIC, V., Appx. B(ii) ... . .. HIA , S. . . . ... ... ... ... . .. 44
BAS .RV]L , H. D. . . .
1 ... ... . .. 51 HILL, K. A. L., Appx. D/4c . . . ... . .. 13, 49
BEDONil, R. ... ... ... ... . .. 61 HOE1G, Dr. Niels, 59, 65; Appx. B(ii)/C ... 28, 51
BEN , E. W. ... ... .. . . .. 49 HOFFM~.JNN, F., 108 . . . ... ... . .. 61, 65
BER OU AU, J. ... ... ... . .. 50 HUNDSDORFER, W. . . . ... ... . .. 24, 51
52 INGRAM, J. G., 105 ... ... ... . .. 50, 61
BEVEI~l,E!Y, W. . . . ... ... ... . .. 27 de JAENISCH, C. F., 87,88 . . . ... . ..
BEZZEL, M., Appx. D / A ... ... . .. 40, 48 JANSEN, G., ... ... ... ... . .. 12
BIRG , Dr. E. ... ... ... . .. 21, 51 JESPERSEN, J. . . . ... ... ... . .. 29
B Y, Dr. 0. T., 100 ... ... . .. JESSURUN LOBO, J. R. ... ... . .. 21
BON Rfi1F', E. ... ... ... 24, 28, 52, 62 JONSSON, Chr. . . . . .. ... ... . .. 10
BOYER, Pro,f. J. . . . 7, 12, 13, 14, 17, 22, 51, 52, 54, 63 KAJII ,, Peter ... ... ... ... . .. 62
BOYER, J. P., 110 ... ... ... ... 61 ISER, K., 114 . . . ... ... ... . .. 49, 66
I , A. H. F. ... ... ... . .. 28 RLSTROM, A., Appx. D/2a,4b,7a,7b,lla,
OGI, G., 115 . . . ... ... ... 56, 61, 65, 66 llb,13c,21b,F4a,F13a,Fl9b ... ... 40
K.A-RSCII, W., 54 ... ... ... 4,, 5, 51, 52, 60
BlJRt tAK ~H, F. F. 121 . . . ... ... . .. 66 KEM P, ,c. E.
1
.. . ... ... 7, 1~, 34, 50, 52, 63
BURGER, Oscar E., 101 ... ... . .. ESERITZKY . . . ... ·. . . ... ... 16
CAPAB NCA ... ... ... . .. 7 0 R, Hans, 57 ... ... ... ... 16, 52, Ga
c·!A RiRFIBi.t\JS, T. y., ... ... ... . .. 22, 28, 52 KNiiE'S,T, A. H., 16 ... . .. ... . .. 49;, 50, 52
RIA1Nll, Luigi, 64 ... ... ... . .. 23, 52, 64 KOK, Dr. , . ... ... ... ... ... 12
c-11:A:ROSH, M. . . . ... .. . ... . .. 51, 64 KOVACS, N. ... ... ... . .. ... 50
OIIF~ :Y, R., 26 . . .
1
. .. ... ... . .. KU , R, H. T., Appx. D/F9f,F17b . . . . ..
T,Af\OURDON LTZKY, 96 ... ... . ..
<a••<·,c_x:>, A., 10& ... ... ... 57, 6·1, 64, 65 1,ANDAU, E. ... ... ... ... . .. 40
COLLINS, F. C., Appx. D/1 .. . . .. •• • LANGE, M,ax ... . .. . .. ... . .. 10, 52
COOK, E. B. ... ... ... . .. ••• 29 · RSEiN, K. A. K., Appx. D/F19a . . .
1
. ..
OltF:F:O, J. E. H. ... ... . .. ••• 13, 49, 51 LAJWS, B. G. ... ... ... ... . .. 21, 611
CROSS, H. H., Appx. D /lf,5f,13b,F5a ••• 40, 41 ATHEM, G. . . . ... ... ... . .. 12, 41
ORJOSS, W., 63; Appx.D/la, 3d,13b,15a, LIONN S, F. ... ... ... . .. 52
F3b,F3d,F10c,Fl 7c,b ... 5, 36, 4.0, 46, '52, 64
1 IS, 1R, W . !E. . . . ... ... ... . .. 49
D.A!RVlA1l,I,, R. J. ... ... ... . . . 49, 50, 65 TZEN, E. ... ... ... ... . .. 51
DAWSON, T. R., 4,29, 53,55,66,70,77,91,94, S, J. A. . .. ... ... ... . .. 50
95,120,122; ·Appx. D/3a,9a,F3a,;F5e; L , C. E., 61 . . . ... ... . .. . ..
Addenda A LI ON, Michael ... ... ... . .. 24, 52, 54
1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 28, 32, LI WOOD, J. E. . . . ... ... . .. 28
34,35, 36,40, 51, 52,54,60, 62, 63,64, 65, 66 LOCOCK, C. D. . . . ... ... ... . .. 22, 49, 50
DE
- , A. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 LOE NTON, L., Appx. D ... . ..
DEH R, Otto . . . ... ... ... ... 12, 50 LOM :R, H. M., 13,14,99 ... ... ... 30, 37
DIC ,S, A. S. M., 12,22,25,27,37,38,48,52,84; LO , Sam, 30, 71, 72,92 . . . ... ... 10, 36, 37, 52
Appx. D /lc,5c,6d,13a,F6d,F9d,Fl0a,Fl5a, LU · 0 N, E., Appx. D/F23b . . . . ..
F15b,F15c,C,X,Y,Z(i),Z(if),b; Appx. F / CK, Dr. F. . . . ... ... . . . 16, 18, 49, 50, 51
A,B; Addenda D 1·3• 39, 40, 46, 49, ·so, 51, 52, 64 MAC:H, Z., 19 ... ... ... ... ... Sll
DI N, Dr. Wo·lfgang, Appx. D/F5c ... ,GET, Ernst . . . ... ... ... ... 52
DRIVER, J., 18, 20 ... ... ... . .. LER, Dr. A., 33,34 ... ... ... 14
DUCE, W. H. ... . .. ... ... •
. .. 19 RLOW, T., Appx. D/3c,3d,3e,4d,4e,10b,
Dl)·l>E· Y, H. E., 72 ... ... ... . .. 29 F4b,F4d ... ... ... ... . .. 5, 40
~A-It , Dr. K., 57,69, 76,80,85,86,113; MAS R, Z., 62 . . . . .. ... ... . ..
Appx. D/6a,a; F17b,F17c,F23b SON, B. R. . . . ... ... ... l •• 62
5,24,28,39,40,51,52,60, 62, 64 •
SON, James . . . . .. ... ... . .. 28
E R, Edward . . . ... ... ... 52 SS N, Dr. W., 119 ... ... . .. 51, 66
EBRO ER, A. E. ... ... ... 50 ·1·n1 S, R. C. 0. . . . ... ... . .. 24, 52, 54
IGIN, E. . .. ... ... ... . .. 50 MAUS, Frank, Appx. D /9b . . . ... . ..
F,,..,,,p-EJ,1 > E., 73,74, 78 Appx. D/F6f . . . . .. TGNANrf', R. . . . ... ... . .. . .. .4

Fiftv-three
 Page Page
NON, V. K., 116 ... ... ... . .. 50, 66 ROE , W., 46 . . . ... ... .. . . .. 16, 62
NF1:1 T, F. H. von, 112 . .. . .. 61 ROYCRO , A. J. ... ... ... . .. 28
R, H. F. L. ... ... ... . .. 40 SASSA b. DAIIIR . .. ... ... . .. 28
1,1,-ER, D. L., 47, 48 . . . ... ... . .. 19, 52 SCHOR, L., Appx. D/4a ... . .. . ..
LLOUR, R. J ., 24 ... ... ... . .. SCHULZ, K. ... . .. ... ... . .. 13
62 SCH 'IG, R., Appx. D /F5e . . . ... . .. 40
MONRF~hL, P., 109,110,117 . . . ... . .. 61, 65, 66 SEABROOK, W. J. ... ... ... . .. 22
MOJl,GAN, D. J. . . . ... ... ... . .. 14, 52 SELLS, D.r. 1C. C. L. . .. ... ... . .. 54
MOR NSEN, J. ... ... ... . .. 39, 52 SERVAIS, A., Appx. D /F15f . . . ... . ..
NCK, L. A., 93 ... ... ... . .. SHINKMAN, W. A., 72,89·;· Appx. D /2e,F23c
MU ISCH, Godehard, Appx. D/15b,F19c
I

22, 26, 29, 40, 41, 52

R Y, H. J. R. ... ... ... . .. 7, 37, 52 SIAPERA, T. K., Appx. D/2b . . . ... ... 40
MY 1,l,YNIE· · , Matti, 82 ... ... . .. SISSA ... ... ... ... .. . ... 28
NASSOUH bey TAilE:lt ... . .. . .. 49 S.M. ... ... . .. ... ... ... 13
NAUCK, Dr., 83 . . . ... ... ... . .. SPECK NN, Dr. W. . . . ... ... ... 12
BE:Ri , E. ... ... ... . .. 12 SPENCER PAL R, R. L. . . . ... ... 52
NEUKOMM, G., Apx. D/4a . . . ... . .. S''DAPF1F, (Herm.ann 12, 13, 15, 2·1, 2·2, 23, ~·4, ,50, 51, 54·, 66
1

NE NN, B., Appx. D/F9f,F10f ... . .. STEA 1>, W. ... ... ... ... ... 14, 51
NIE , Dr. J. ... ... ... . . . 50, 51, 60 STEIN, I. L., Appx. D/F5f . . . ... . ..
NIXON, D., 28,32,35, Appx. D/F6a .. . . .. 7, 10, 34, 63 STEINWEG, Richard, 98 ... ... . ..
OLIVEL de PAGES, L. . .. ... .. . 52 STEUDEL, Theodor ... ... . .. . .. 10, 13, 52
ONITIU, V., 68, Appx. D/F9a ... ... 40 STILIJ · , Ro,bert ... ... ... . .. 62
O , Jean ... ... ... ... ... 52, 65 STOCK N, C. A., 2 ... ... . ..
P I
TZ, F. ... . .. ... ... . .. 52 SUNNU:C,~S, Ann·e ... ... ... . .. 52
P .. UZIE, Jose, 97
•
... ... ... . .. SUNYER, Dr. J. . . . ... . .. ... . .. 28
PARTON, ·v. R. . . . . .. ... ... . .. 50 TAM I lURT,ATNE
'
... ... ... . .. 8
PAULY, W. ... ... ... ... . .. 23, 52 TA: • , Henry ... . ... . .. ••• • •• I
PAVLOVIC ... ... ... ... . .. 39 TEMP , W. H. ... . .. ••• •• • 23
PERKINS, J ., 75 . . . ... ... ... . .. OMPSON, W. H. ... . .. ••• ••• 36
PERSSON, R. ... ... ... ... . .. 12, 49 TIMUR (see Tamburlaine) ... ••• • ••
PE. RSEN, 0. S., Appx. D/F19a . . . . .. TOMLINSON, Charles . . . . .. • •• ••• 29
PE OV, P. A., 118 ... .... ... . .. 66 TRU ER, W. B., 107 . . . . .. •• • ••• 52, 61
PETRO:V-lC, Nena.d, Appx. D/le·,2c,3b,5e, TURNBULL, H. A., Appx. D/5a • • • ••• 40
6f ,9f,10a,10c,10e,10f.F9b & B . . . 2·6, 28, 40, ;5_·1, 52 UL AJ 1
,·daughters ·0 f .. .
1
• •• •• • 22
PFLUGHAU , W. ... ... ... ... 62 van der N, A. M. A., 40 .. . ••• •••
Pl,ANCK, Dr. ... ... ... ... ... 52 "/ERDO , J. B. .. . . .. • •• ••• 50
POJ ,T,A ltD, T. G., Appx. D/21b ... . .. VERNEY, G. H. . . . . .. . .. ••• ••• 14, 51
p , p. ... ... ... ... . .. 49, 65 VINJE, 0. E., Appx. D /2f .. . ••• ••• 40
PRITCHARD, D. ... . .. ... . .. 12 WAI,KE:R, J., Appx. D/21b .. . ••• • ••
PROB TICUS ... ... ... . .. 51 W ARJDEiNER, F. . . . ... . .. • •• .. . 52
PROCA, Z., 60 . . . ... ... ... . .. WARNSDORFF, H. C. . . . . .. ••• ... 27
WLINGS, W. H. ... ... ... ... 50 ST, J. C., Appx. D/5b ... ••• ... 40
· Y · ·R, J ., Addenda B & C . .. . .. 63 I , Alain C. ... . .. • •• ... 52
REHM, H. ·P., 56 ... ... . .. . . . 54, 65, 66 · LLOOCKS, T. H., Appx. B(ii)/ D 5, 34, 37, 49, 63
ILLY, W. H., 81 ... ... ... ... 40 N · , R. de, Appx. D/F15f ••• •••
RICE, John M., 17 ... ... ... . .. 5, 24, 52, 54 ZNOSKO-BOROVSKY ... • •• ••• 22, 51
RIIHI , 0. . . . ... ... .. . ... 24, 28, 52 ZU RTORT ... ... . .. ••• ••• 40
GELTAtJI\E~ N., Appx. D/F9c . . . . ..

B = Bishop H.S. = Hermann Stapff (author of Einf · rung in das

Bl. = Bl•ack; Balloon •
Marchenschach)
L.J. = s Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes, by Prof. J .
'

BCM = British Chess Magazine

Boyer
BCM.QQ = British Chess Magazine, Quotes and Queries
section N.J. = Nouveaux Jeux d'Echecs Non Orthodoxes, by
Bl.K = Black ·ng Prof. J. Boyer
C.A. = Chess Amateur N.Y. = New York; N.Y.C. = New York Clipper
C.P. = Chess Problems : Introduction to by a11 , O.U.P. = Oxford University Press
Michael Lipton, R. C. 0. Matthews and John M. PFS = e Problemist Fairy Supplement (Vols. 1 and
Rice 2 of Fairy Chess view)
D.d.E. = Dictio1,11afre des Echecs, 1967 PIP = Promotion in Play
F.c.c~c. = Fairy Ohess Corre·s.p·ondence Circle Prom : men = promoted men
FCR Fairy Chess Review
S.111 = 3-dimensional Space Chess
FCR 3/4/p.51 = Fairy Chess Review, Volume 3, No. 4,
page 51 S.IV = 4-dimensional Space Chess
•

FCR 3/4/2076 = Fairy Chess view, Volume 3, No. 4, TRD T. R. Dawson

problem No. 2076 UT. = Ultimate eme
•
F'i E = F~d~ration Internationale des Echecs w. = ite
F·11 >E I, II - F'IDE Album No. I, II WQ= ite Queen
F'11 >E RI = FIDE 1st trospective Alb (1945-1955) W. & Bl.= ite and Black
Fift11-fout' 54
Dutch English French G~rn1an Italian Spanish
Koning King Roi Konig Re Rey
Koningin, Dame Queen Dame Dame Regina, Donna Dama
Toren Rook (Castle) Tour Turm Torre Torre
Loper Bishop Fou Laufer Alfiere •
Alfil
Paard Knight (Kt,S) Cavalier Springer Cavallo Caballo
Pion Pawn Pion Bauer Pedone Peon
Sprinkhaan Grasshopper Sauterelle Grashiipfer Grillo Saltamontes
Nachtruiter Nightrider Cavalier de la Nachtreiter Ippogrifo Noctambulos
nuit
Mat Mate Mat Matt Matto Mate
Pat Stalemate Pat Patt Stallo •
ogado
Zelf- Self-
•
- inverse Selbst- Aute- - 1nverso
Help- Help- - aide Hilfs- Aiuto- - de ayuda
Wit ite Blanc(s) Weiss. Bianco Blancas
Zwart Black Noir(s) Schwarz Nero Negras
•
schaak check echec Schach scacco Jaque
sleutel key cle Schliissel chiave clave
zet move coup Zug mossa jugada
• •
dreiging threat menace Drohung m1nacc1a amenaza

(figures refer to page-numbers of main subject-headings)

English German Page
a !at revo·lvling ce,ntre ... ••• ••• • •• • •• ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• 50
. adversary ... •• • • •• ••• • • • • •• der Gegner . . . ... ... ... . .. • •• • ••

AlfiJl, Fi·l . . . . .. ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• der Alfil, der Fil . . . ... ... . .. • •• • • • 7, 8, 9, 30
AldJce ess ... ••• • •• • •• • •• ••• da,s Alice-Sohach ... . ... ... . .. • •• • •• 50
alternate (adj.) ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• a bwechselnd ... ... -. . . ... . .. •••

Amazon ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• die Amazone, der Terror, der General, die

allmachtige Dame ... ... . .. • •• ••• 13
anchor-ring . .. ... ... . .. • • • • •• der Doppelzylinder ... ... . .. ••• ••• 15
angular line ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• die schrage, aber nicht diagonale Linie ••• ••• 9
anti-clockwise . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• linksdrehend ... ... ... . .. • •• •••

chbishop ... ... ... . .. • •• • •• der Erzbischof ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• 11, 31
arrangement ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• die Anordnung ... ... . .. . .. ••• • •• 27
array (see initial array) ... . .. ••• •••
Arrow Piece (man) . . . ... . .. • •• • •• die ·Pfeilfi.gur (der P. Stein) ••• ••• • • • ••• 49
Atlantosaurus ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• • •• ••• ••• • •• • •• 49
Atomic Bomb . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• die Atombombe ••• • •• ••• ••• ••• ••• 49
attacker ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Angreifer ••• • •• ••• ••• • •• ••• 22
autoretrostalemate ... ... . .. ••• • •• das Retroselbstpatt • •• ••• ••• • •• ••• 26
Balloon . . . ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Ballon ... ••• • •• ••• • •• • •• • •• 18, 49
Beiiolin,a Pawn . . . ... ... . ... . .- . • •• der Bero lina.-!B,a uer • • • • • • • •• • • • ••• il.:2
billi:ards che ss . . .
1
... ... . .. ••• • •• das Bi1lard:schach ... ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• 50
Bishop . . . ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Laufer . . . . .. ••• • •• • •• ••• • •• 9, 31
bishopwise ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• wie ein Laufer ... . .. ••• ••• • •• ••• •

blackcap zigzags ... ... . .. • •• • •• das Einmalschlagzickzack • •• • •• ••• ••• 22, 66

black-checkers . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• das Schachzickzack ••• ••• • •• • •• ••• 22
black moves only to capture ... ••• • •• der Schwarzschlager ••• ••• • •• ••• ••• 22
black moves only to check . . . . .. ••• • •• der Schwarzschacher • •• ••• ••• • •• ••• 22
black must capture . . . ... . .. • •• • •• de·r Schla·gzwan·g .. . •••
•

••• ••• ••• ••• 22, 66

black must check ... ... . .. ••• ••• der Sch,achwang .. . ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• 22, 66
blrundermate ... ... ... . .. • •• da,s Schn1itze,rma·tt .. . ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• 61
•••
board . .. ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• das Brett ... . .. • • • ••• ••• ••• • ••

Boyscout ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• der Pfadfinder ... ••• ••• •• • • •• • •• 49
Brontosaurus . . . ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• ••• ••• • •• 49
Cadet ... ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Kadett . . . ... ... . .. ••• ••• • •• 31, 49
Camel ... ... ... ... . ..
•

••• ••• das Kamel ... ... . .. . .. ••• • •• . . . 8, 9, 30, 32

Cannon ... ... ... . .. die Kanone . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• 8
••• • ••
capture (n) ... ... ... . .. der Schlag£all . .. ... . .. ••• • •• ••• 22
••• • ••
capture (v) ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• schlagen ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• • ••

Capturing Piece (man) ... . .. • •• ••• die schlagende Figur (der s.Stein) ••• ••• • •• 49
capturing zigzags ... ... . .. das Schlagzickzack ... . .. ••• ••• • •• 22, 66
••• •••
der rm ... ... .. . . .. 9
Castle (n) ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• • •• • ••

castle (v) ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• rochieren ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• •••

castling (long, short) . .. . .. ••• • •• die (lange, kurze) Rocha de ... ••• • •• • •• 34, 39
cell ... ... ... ... . .. •• • ••• die· Zelle ... ... ... . .. • • • ••• • •• 32
Chameleon ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• das Chamaleon . .. ... . .. ••• ••• ••• 49
check (n) ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• das Schachge bot ... ... . .. ••• ••• • •• 22, 33, 63
check (v) ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• Schach bieten ... ... . .. ••• • •• •• •

checking zigzags ... ... . .. ••• • •• das Schachzickzack ... . .. • •• ••• • •• 22, 66
checkless chess (prohibition chess) ••• • •• das Ohneschach ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• 22, 63
Fifty-five
English rman Page
checkmate ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• das Schachmatt . .. ... . .. ... . .. ••• 22, 33, 63
chess . .. ... . .. ••• • •• ••• ••• das Schachspiel ... ... ... ... . .. • ••

chessman ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• der Stein ... ... ... ... . .. . .. • • •

choice of move .. . • •• ••• •• • • • • die Zugauswahl ... .. . ... ... . .. •••

Circe piece (m.an) .. . • • • ••

• ••• • •• d!ie Circe--Figur ( der C ..Stcin) . . . ... . .. • • • 61
clockwise .. . . .. • • • • • • ••• ••• rech tsdrehend ... ... ... ... . .. •••

cloc ork chess ... • •

• • • • • • • ••• das rwerkschach ... ... ... . .. ••• 51
colour ... ... . .. • • • •• • ••• • • • die Farbe ... ... . .. . .. ... . .. • ••

combined piece (man) • • • • •• • • • ••• die kombinierte Figur ( der k.Stein) . . . . .. • •• 13

composer, problem- ... • • ••
• • • • • • •• der Komponist, Problem- . . . ... .. . . .. • ••

compulsory .. . . .. ••• ••• • • • ••• erzwt1ngen ... ... ... ... ... . .. •••
condition . .. . .. ••• • •• ••• •• • die Bedingung . .. ... ... .. . . .. • ••

consecutive ... . .. •• • • •• ••• • •• aufeinanderfolgend ... . .. ... . .. •••

consistent maximummer
•
... ••• ••• • • • der konsequente LllngstzUger . . . ... . .. • •• 21, 63
construction task . .. . .. • •• ••• • •• die Konstruktionsaufgabe ... . .. . .. •• • 26, 40
convention ... ... . .. ••• • • • ••• die Konvention . .. ... ... ... . .. • • • 34
counter-attacker ... . .. . ·• . • • • ••• der Gegenangreifer ... ... ... . .. • • • 22
Courier Ga 1ne . . . ... . .. ••• ••• ••• das Kurierschach . . . . .. ... ... . .. •• • 8
Cowboy ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• der Cowboy ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 49
cube ... ... . .. . .. • • • ••• ••• der Wilrfel . . . ... ... ... ... . .. ••• 32
cu be ch·ess ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• das Ku bik sch1a,ch
1 1
... ... ... ... . .. • •• 16
current . . . . .. ... . .. ••• • •• •• • laufend ... ... ... . .. ... . .. •••

customary .. . ... . .. • •• • •• • •• tlblich ... . .. ... ... ... . .. • ••

Cyclic Piece (man) . . . . .. • •• ••• • •• die cyclische Figur (der c.Stein) ... . .. • •• 49
cylinder ... . .. . .. ••• ••• • •• dcr Zylinder ... .. . ... . .. . .. • •• 14, 48, 62
cylindrical ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• zylindrisch .. . ... ... ... ... . .. •••

cylindrical quadruplet ... • • • • • • •• • der zylindrische Vierling . . . ... ... . .. • •• 16

Dabbaba ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• der Dabbaba ... ... . .. ... . .. • •• 8, 9, 30
dark doings .. . ... . .. ••• ••• ••• dunkle Taten ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 29
Demi-bishop .. . ... . .. ••• • • • ••• der Demi-Laufer ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 11
Demi-queen ... ... . .. • •• ••• • •• die Derni-Dame . .. ... ... ... . .. • •• 13
diagonal (n) ... . .. . .. ••• • • • • • • die Schrige, die Diagonale ... . .. . .. • •• 32
(long) diagonal ... . .. ••• • •• • •• die (grosze) Schrage, die (lange) Diagonale ... • • •

diagonal (adj.) ... . .. ••• •• • • •• schrag, diagonal . .. ... ... ... . .. • • •

diagra1n ... ... . .. •• • • •• • •• das Diagramm ... ... ... ... . .. • ••

Dinosaurus ... ... . .. • • • ••• ••• • •• • •• • •• ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 49

Diplomat ... ... . .. • • • • •• • •• der D'iplomiat ... . .. • • • • •• • •• • •• 13
direct mate . .. ... . .. • • • • • • • •• das direkte Matt ... . .. •• • • ••• • •• • ••

double- ... ... . .. •• • ••• • • • doppel- ... ... . .. • • • • •• • • • •••

Double-Gra sshopper
1 ... •• • • •• • •• der Dop.pelgra·shU,pfc·r .. . • • • • • • • •• • •• 61, 65
Double Knight . . . .. . . .. • • • ••• • •• der Doppelspringer .. . • • • • •• ••• ••• 49, 65, 66
Double Knight (·G. Bro,gi) .. . ••• • • • • • • der Dopp,elspringer . . . . .. • • • • •• • •• •• • 65, 66
double maximummer .. . • •• • • • ••• der Doppellangstzilger .. . •• • • •• • •• •• • 21
double mirror mate . .. . .. •• • • •• • • • das Doppelspiege att .. . ••• • •• • •• • •• 33
double move . .. ... . .. ••• • •• • •• der Doppe·lzug ... . .. • • • • •• • •• • •• 32
double-move chess ... . .. • • • • •• • •• das Doppelzugschach .. . ••• • •• • •• ••• 23
double-move Queen . . . . .. •• • ••• • •• die Doppelzugdame .. . ••• • •• • •• •• • 49
down the board ... . .. ••• ••• ••• nach unten . . . ... . .. • •• • •• ••• •• • 33
Dragon ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• der Drache ... . .. • •• • •• • •• • •• 13
draw ... ... ... . .. • •• ••• ••• das Remis .. . ... . .. ••• • •• • •• •• •

Dummy Paw11 . . . .. . . .. • • • • •• • •• der Scheinbauer ... . .. ••• • •• ••• • •• 12

dyn,a,m o ohc,ss . . . ... . .. ••• •• • • •• das Dyna:rnosdha:ch ... • • • • •• • •• • •• 62
edge of the board ... . .. • • • ••• ••• der Brettrand ... . .. • • • • •• • •• • ••

edge square ... . .. . .. ••• • •• • •• das Randfeld ... . .. ••• • •• • •• •••

Edgehog ... . .. . .. ••• • •• • •• das Randschweln . . . . .. • •• • •• • •• • •• 11, 31
Empress ... ... . .. • •• • •• ••• die Kaiserin ... . .. ••• • •• ••• • •• 13
encirclement (in a Series-mover) ... ••• • •• die Umkreisung (in einem ·enzilger) ••• •• • 10
Equigrasshopper ... . .. ••• • •• ••• der Gleichgrashilpfer .. . • •• • •• • •• • •• 49
Equihopper ... ... . .. •• • • •• • •• der Gleichhilpfer .. . ••• • •• ••• ••• 12, 31
•
equ1mover ••• ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• der Gleichlangzilger .. . ... .. " ••• • •• 21
fairy- ... ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• • •• Marchen- ... ... . .. • • • • •• • •• • ••
Fairy Chess ... ••• • •• ••• ••• • •• das Marchenscha ... •• • • •• ••• • •• 31
fairy mate ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• das Marche111natt . . . . .. • •• • •• • •• • •• 22, 33, 63
Fairy Pawz, ••• • •• •• • ••• ••• • •• der Marchenbauer ... ••• ••• 12, 13, 32
Falcon .. . ••• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• der Falke .. . ... . .. ••• • •• • •• • •• 13
Fers .. . ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• • •• der Fers ... . .. . .. ••• • •• • •• ••• 9, 30
Fil .. . ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• der Fil . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• • •• 7, 8
file .. . ••• ••• " .. • •• • •• die Linie ... ... . .. • •• • •• •• • • •• 33
Filerider ••• •• • ••• • •• ••• ••• der Linienreiter ... . .. • •• • •• ••• ••• 11, 31
first step ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• •• • der Einfeldschritt •
... ••• • •• • •• • ••
Fiveleaper ••• • •• ••• • •• ••• ••• der Filnfspringer .. . . .·• • •• • •• • •• ••• 11, 30
flight square .. . ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• das Fluchtfeld .. . ••• ••• • •• • •• • ••
forced form .. . ••• ••• ••• • •• ••• die erzw11ngene Form ••• ••• • •• ••• • •• 41

Fiftv-su 56
--

English German Page

forward move (opposed to retraction) ... •••
ein Zug vorwarts . . . ... ... ... ... . .. 32
a move forwards . .. ... . .. • • • • ••
ein Zug nach oben (Weiss), nach unten (Schwarz) 32
four-dimensional chess ... . .. ••• • •• das vierdimensionale Schach ... ... . .. . .. 18
fourfold (pawn-) promotion ... • • • • • • die vierfac'he (Bauern-) Umwandlung, Allumwand-
lung . .. ... ... ... ••• ••• ···
a game of chess • • • ••• • •• • •• • • • eine Schachpartie ... ... ... ... . .. 33
the Game of Chess •• • • •• • • • • • • •••
das Schachspiel . .. ... . .. ... ... . .. 33
General ... • • • • • • • •• • •• • •• der General, der Terror, die 1nazone, die
allmachtige Dame ... ... . .. •••
• • • 13
ghost chess ... • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • das Geisterschach ... ... . .. • • •
• • • 32, 51
Giraffe . . . . .. • •• • • • • •• • •• • •• die Giraffe . . . . .. ... ... . .. ••• 8, 11, 30
• • •

Gnu ... . .. • • • • • • • • • ••• • •• das Gnu ... ... ... ... . .. • • • •

•
13
•

Grandbishop .. . • • • • •• • • • • •• • •• der Grosslaufer ... ... . .. . .. • • • •• •

11
Grandqueen .. . • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• die Grossdame ... ... ... . .. • •• • •• 1.3
Grasshopper .. . • • • • • • ••• • •• ••• der Grashlipfer ... ... ... . .. • •• • • • 8, 31, 65
Grassho·p,per Rider .. . • • • • •• • •• • • • der Grashlip·ferreiter ... ... . .. • •• • •• 65
Grasshop,per 2,3 (n) .. . • • • • •• • •• • • • der Grashlipfer 2, 3 (n) . . . ... . .. • • • ••• 65
grid chess ... • •• • •• • • • das Gitterschach . .. ... ... . .. ••• • • • 14, 51
• • • • ••

Griffin (Gryphon) • • • •• • ••• • •• • • • der Greif ... ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• 13
Griffon (A. Chicco) ... • • • • •• • •• • • • der Griffon . . . .. . ... ... . .. • • • • •• 61, 65
guarded square • • • • • • • •• • • • ••• das beherrschte Feld . .. . .. . .. • • • • • • 32
Halma-Grass·hop,per ... ••• • •• der I-Ialma-Grashlipfer ... ... . .. • •• • •• 61, 65
••• • • •

helpcompelmate • • • ••• • •• • •• • • • das Hilfszwingmatt ... ... . .. • • • 10

• ••

help-dou blestalemate • • • • •• • •• • • • das Hilfsdoppelpatt ... ... . .. ••• • 10

• •

helpmate ... . .. • • • • • • das Hilfsmatt ... ... ... . .. • •• • •• 10

••• • ••
der HilfsrlickzUger . . . .. . ... . .. 23
help-play retractor .. . ••• • •• • • • • • •
• •• • • •

help-selfstalemate .. . ••• • •• • •• • • • das Hilfsselbstpatt ... ... . .. • • • ••

help-stalemate .. . • • • ••• ••• das Hilfspatt ... .. . ... . .. ••• • 10 • •

•••

hexagonal ... . .. • • • • •• • • • • • •
sechseckig ... ... ... ... . .. • •• • •

hexagonal chess ... • • • • •• • •• • • • das Sechsecks:chach .. . ... . .. •• • . . . 51

Hippogriff ... . .. • • • • • • • •• • •• d;as Fltige1ross ... ... ... . .. • •• . . . 65, 66
Hippopotamus ... • •• • •• das Nilpferd ... ... ... . .. • • ... • 49, 65
• • • •••
Hopper ... . .. • • • • •• • • • • • • der HUpfer . . . ... ... ... . .. • . .. 9, 11, 31, 60
••

horizontal (adj.) .. . • • • • • • • • • • •• waagerecht . . . ... ... ... . .. •• • • ••

der waagerechte Zylinder ... . .. 15

horizontal cylinder .. . • • • • •• • • • • ••
• •• •
13
• •

Hunter . . . ... . .. • • • • •• • •• • • • der Jager ... ... ... . .. . .. ••• • ••

die Hydra . .. . .. ... ... . .. 49, 65

Hydra ... ... . .. • • • • • • • •• • • •
• • •• • •

hyper- . .. ... . .. ••• • • • • •• • • •

hyper- ... ... ... ... . .. ••• • • •

ideal mate ... . .. • •• • • • • • • das ideale Matt ... ... ... . .. • • • ••

•
10, 33
• • •

., . der imitierende Joker ... ... . .. 13

Imitating Joker ... • • • • •• •••
••• • ••
13
Imitating Piece (man) • • • ••• ••• • •• die imitierende Figur (der im. Stein) ... • • • • • •

der Imitationsspringer ... ... . .. 13

Imitative Knight ... ••• ••• • • • • ••
• • • • ••
13
Imitative Piece (man) • • • • •• d-ie Imitationsfigur (der Im. Stein) ... • • •• ••
• • • • • •

der Imitator ... ... ... . .. 12

Imitator ... . .. • •• • • • • • • • ••
••• • ••
49
Immobile Piece (man) •• • • • • ••• • • • die unbewegllche Figur (der un. Stein) • • • • • •

infinity . . . ... . .. • • • • •• • • • • • • die Unendlichkeit . .. ... . .. ••• •••

infinity plain . . . . .. • • • • • • ••• • • • die Schache bene ... ... ... . .. • • • 14

•••

initial array ... . .. • • • • • • • •• ••• die Partieanfangsstellung ... . .. • • • • • •

interpose ... . .. • • • •• • • •• • • • dazwischenstellen . . . . .. ... . .. • • ••

• •

interposition ... . .. • •• ••• ••• • •• das Dazwischenstellen ... ... . .. • • • • •

•

invisibility ... . .. • •• • •• die Unsichtbarkeit . .. ... . .. • • • • • •14

••• • ••
invisible . .. . .. • • • • •• • •• • •• unsichtbar ... ... ... ... . .. • • • •••

Invisible Man . . . . .. • • • • •• ••• • •• der unsichtbare Stein ... ... . .. • • • ••• 14, 32, 49
das bockige Pferd ... 49
Jibber ... .. . . .. . .' ••• ••• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •• •

••
Jig-saw • • •• •••
• • • • • • • • ••• ••• das Zusammensetzspiel ••• • •
• • • •• ••• • •

der Joker ... . .. 12, 49

Joker • •
• • • • •• • • •• ••• • •• • • • • • • • • •• • • •• • • ••

Ka,mikaze piece (,m an) 1 1

• • • • •• ••• ••• die Kamilcaze-Figur (der K. Stein) ••• • • • ••• 61
Kangaroo ... . .. ••• • •• das Kanguruh ... ... . .. • •• • • • • •• 31, 49, 65
• • • •••
key . .. ... . .. • •• • •• • •• ••• der SchlUssel ... ... . .. ••• ••• • • •

key-move ... . .. • • • ••• • • • • •• der Schllisselzug ... ... . .. • • ••

• • • ••

King ... ... . .. ••• der Konig .. . .. . ... . .. • •• • • • • •• 9, 30

••• • •• • ••

King i ess ( tzen Kings) ... • •• • •• das Letzen-S:chach ... . .. ••• • •• ••• 51
• ••

Knight . . . ... . .. • •• • •• ••• • •• der Springer ... ... . .. • •• ••• 8,9,30,32,65

der Rosselsprung . . . ... . .. 27
knight's tour ( ite) ••• ••• ••• • •• • • • • •
• • ••

knight-wheel (Black) ••• • •• • • • • • • das Springerrad . .. ... . .. • • ••• • • • •

das Kriegsspiel ... .. . . .. . . . 23

kriegspiel ... . .. • • • • • • • •• • • •
••• • • •

Laser p·iece (ma-n) ... • • • ••• ••• die Laser-Figu·r ( de.r L.-Stein) .. . • • • • .
• • . . 61
•••
' last move? ' problem ••• • •• • • • • •• das 'letzter Zug?' Problem .. . • • •
.
• • •. . 23, 38, 39
Latent Pawn . . . . .. .. ••• der latente Bauer ... . .. • ••
.
• ••. . 12, 34
•• • ' • •

lateral ... ... . .. ••• • • • • •• • •• seitlich ... ... ... . .. • • ••• •

. . . 32
leap . .. ... . .. ••• ••• • •• • • • der Sprung ... .. . .. • • • ••
•
. . . 30
Leaper . . . ... . .. ••• • • • • •• • •• der Springer . . . ... ... . .. • • • • •• 8, 9, 11, 30, 60
Fifty-seven
57
 English German Page
Leo . .. ... ... ... ... . .. . . , der Leo .. . ... ... ... ... ... . .. 11, 31, 65
Letzen King ... ... ... ... . .. • • • der Letzen-Konig . . . ... ... ... ... . .. 49, 51
likernan maximummer . .. . .. . .. • • • der Gleichstein-Langstztiger . .. ... . .. . .. 21
line (s) (see also ' file ') ... ... . .. •• •
.
die Linie (n) ... ... ... ... ... . ..
,

line chess ... ... ... . .. . .. • •• das eindimensionale Schach . .. ... ... . .. 51
Lion ... ... ... ... ... . .. • • • der I..,owe, der Lion ... ... ... ... . .. 8, 31, 65
Locust .. . ... ... .. . ... . .. • • • die Heuschrecke ... . .. ... ... ... . .. 8, 31, 65
long castling . . . ... .. . ... . .. • •• die lange Rochade ... ... ... ... . ..
longmover ... ... . .. ... . .. • • • der La11gzilger ... ... ... ... ... . .. 21.
losing game ... ... ... ... . .. • • • das Schlags,chach . . . ... ... ... ... . .. 22
lozenge-shaped ... . .. ... . .. • • • rauten-fo1·1nig ... ... . .. ... . .. . ..
machine-gun chess . . . .._ . .. . .. • • • das Maschinengewehr-Schach ... ... ... ... 51
madcap zigzags ... ... ... . .. . , ,
das Serienschlagzickzack ... ... .. . ... 22, 32, 66
Magic Knight's Tour . . . ... .. . . .. ••• der 1nagische Rosselsprung ... ... ... . .. 27
Magic Piece (man) . . . ... ... . .. . ' die 1nagische Figur ( der m. Stein) ... ... ... 49
,
Magic Square . . . ... ... ... . .. ••• · ·· ·.. ·.. ... ... . .. ... ... . ~. 27
Magnetic Queen ... ... ... . .. • •• die magnetische Dame ... ... ... ... ... 49
Mammoth . .. ... ... ... . .. ••• das Mammut ... ... ... ... ... ... 50
Man (in the Courier Game) ... . .. • •• der Mann (im Kurierschach) . .. ... ... ... 8
man, chessman ... . .. ... . .. • •• der Stein ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... 32
Mao ... . .. ... ... ... . .. ••• der Mao ... ... ... ... . .. . . . 11, 30, 31, 32, 65
Marseilles chess . .. ... ... . .. • •• das Doppelzugschach ... ... ... .. . ... 23
mate ... .. . ... ... ... . .. • •• das Matt ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... 33, 63
mate in one move . .. ... ... . .. • •• Matt in einem Zug . .. ... ... ... ... 26
mate in (n) moves ... ... ... . .. • • • Matt in (n) Zilgen . . . ... ... ... ... . ..
maxa ttacker ... ... ... ... . .. ••• der Meistangreifer ... ... ... ... . .. 22
1naximum (moves, mates, checks, captures) • • • die Hochstzahl der (Zilge, Mattzilge, Schachgebote,
•
Schlagfalle) ... ... ... ... ... . .. 40
max1mummer ••• ••• • • • • •• ••• der L:ingstztiger .. . . . . .. ... ... . .. 21., 63
maxi promotion ..
• • • ;.
• • • ••• ••• die Langstumwandlung ... ... ... ... . .. _ 21
Mermaid
• •
• • • ••• • • • ••• ••• ••• die Nixe ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. 61, 66
m 1n1m um mer ... . .. • • • •• • • •• der Kilrzestzilger . . . ... . .. ... ... . .. 21
Minotaurus ... ... . .. • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50
mirror mate ... ... . .. ••• ••• • • • das Spiegelmatt .. . .. . .. • • •• • • • • • 33
model (Space Chess diagram) ••• • • • • • • das Model! ... ... . .. . .. • ••• • • • • • 18, 33
model mate ... ... . .. ••• ••• • •• das Muste1·1natt, das Modellmatt • • • • • • • • • 33
Moebiu·s b oard, ring . . .
1
. .. ••• •• • ••• das Moe,bius-Brett, der M.-Ring ... • •• • • •• • • 62
move (n) ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• der Zug ... ... ... . .. • • •• •••
• • 32
move (v) . , . . . . . . . ... . .. ••• • • • ••• ziehen ... ... ... . .. •• • • • • • • •
Moveless Pawn . . . ... . .. ••• • •• ••• der Scheinbauer ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• 12
movement ... ... . .. • •• ••• • •• die Ziehensweise ... . .. . .. ••• • • • • ••
Moving Man ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• der zichende Stein ... . .. • • • • •• • •• 13
must-capture chess . . . . .. ••• • • • ••• das Schlagzwang-schach . . . . .. • • • • • • • • • 22
nearest-man mover ... ••• ••• ••• • •• der Nachststeinzilger ... .. ,• • • • • • • • • 51
neither side may capture ... ••• ••• ••• der Ohnes·c:hl·ag ... . .. ••• • • • ••• ••• 22, 63
Neutral Pawn, Bishop ••• ••• ••• • • • der neutrale Bauer, Ltiufer ••• ••• • • • • •• 12, 13
Nighthopper .. . • • • ••• ••• ••• ••• der Nachthilpfer .. . . .. •• • ••• • •• • •• 12, 30, 65
Nightrider .. . • • • •
• • ••• ••• • •• der N achtreiter ... . .. • • • ••• ••• • •• 8, 31, 65
Nightriderhopper • • •
• • • • •• ••• • • • der Nachtreiterhilpfer .. . • • • ••• ••• • • • 10, 31
no-capture chess ••• • • • ••• ••• ••• das Schach ohne Schlag .. . ••• • ••• •
• • • • 22, 63
normal mate ... • • • ••• ••• ••• •• • das normale Matt .. . ••• ••• • •• ••• 22, 33, 63
Nostalgic King • •• .. ,
••• • • • ••• der Urfeld-Konig ... . .. • • •• • •• • • • • • 50
oblique cylinder • •• • •• • • • • • • • • • der Schrag-zylinder ... ... ... . .. . .. 19
oblong (n) .. . •• • • • • ••• ••• • • • das Rech teck ... . .. ... ... ... . ..
oblong (adj.) .. . • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• re ch te ckig ... ... ... ... ... ... . ..
occupied square • • • • •• ••• • •• • •• das besetzte Feld . . . ... ... ... .. . . ..
Omnipotent Queen • • • ••• • • • • • • die allmachtige Dame, die Arnazone, der Terror,
der General ... ... ... ... ... . .. 13
one-mover ... . .. • • • • • • • • • • •• der Einzilger ... ... ... ... ... . .. 26, 40
opposition ( of adversary) • •• • •• • • • • • • der Widerstand ... ... ... ... ... . .. •
opposition (of Kings) ••• • • • • •• ••• die Opposition ... ... . .. ... ... . ..
Orix ... ... . .. ••• •• • ••• ••• der Gems bock ... ... ... ... ... . .. 31, 50
orthodox pro bl ems .. . ••• • •• ••• • •• orthodoxe Aufgaben, Probleme . . . ... .. . . .. 29
orthogonal (lines) .. . ••• ••• • • • ••• die orthogonale (linien) . . . ... ... . . . - ... 32
oscillate ... . .. • • • ••• • • • • •• pendeln ... ... ... ... ... ... . ..
Overrunner ... . .. • •• ••• ••• • •• der Ueberlaufer ... ... ... ... ... . .. 50
Pao ... ... . .. • • • ••• ••• ••• der Pao ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 11, 31, 65
partial analysis ... ••• ••• • •• ••• die partielle Analyse •• • ••• ••• ••• • •• 25, 64
passing check . . . . .. ••• •• • ••• • •• das Schach. en passant, im Vorbeigehen • • • • • • 33
pattern ... . .. ••• • •• •• • • • • die Anordnung ... • •• ••• ••• ••• • ••
Pawn ... ... . .. ... '
• • • ••• ••• der Bauer .. . . .. • • • • •• • ••
• • • ••• 30, 3,1, 32
paw:p.-promotion ... • • • ••• • • • • • • die Bauernumwandlung ••• • •• ••• • • • 16, 34, 41
Fif t11•eight 58
English German Page
•
piece ... ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• die Figur, der Offizier ... ... ... . .. • •• 32
pin (n) . . . ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• die Fesselung ... ... ... ... . .. • ••
pin (v) . . . ... ... ... . .. • • • ••• f esseln . .. ... ... ... ... . .. • ••

pin-model mate ... ... . .. ••• ••• das Fesselungs-modellmatt, -mustermatt ... • • • 33
pinned piece (man) . . . ... . .. • • • ••• die gefesselte Figur (der g. Stein) ... . .. • • •

Piran Codex ... . .. ... . .. ••• • •• der Kodex von Piran ... ... ... . .. • • • 7, 39, 64
plain ... ... ... . .. . .. ••• ••• die Ebene ... ... . .. ... ... . .. • ••

plane ... ... ... . .. . .. ••• • •• e hen, flach ... ... ... ... ... . .. • • •

play (v) . . . ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• spielen, ziehen ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 33
White (Black) to play ... . .. ••• ••• Weiss (Schwarz) am Zuge ... ... . .. • • • 33
Polyp ... ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Polyp .. . ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 50
position . .. ... ... . .. ••• ••• die Stellung ... ... ... .. . . .. •• • 33
power (of chessmen) ... . .. ••• ••• •
die Kraft . .. ... ... ... ... . .. • • • 32
Princess . .. .. . ... . .. ••• ••• die Prinzessin ... ... ... ... . .. ••• 13
problem ... ... . .. . .. • • • ••• das Problem, die Aufgabe ... ... . .. • • •

progressive chess (Scotch chess) ... • • • • • • das schottische Schach . . . . .. ... . .. ••• 22
prohibition chess (checkless chess) • • • • • • das Ohneschach ... ... ... ... . .. ••• 22
promotion ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• die Umwandlung . . . ... ... ... . .. • •• 16, 34, 41
promotion in play . .. ... . .. • •• •• • die Umwandlung im Spiel . .. ... . .. • • •

promoted piece (man) ... . .. • •• • • • die Umwandlungsfigur, der Umwandlungsstein • • •

Pro·te·an King . . . ... ... . .. ••• • •• der Proteuskonig . . . ... ... ... . .. • •• 13, 50
pure mate ... ... ... . .. • • • • • • das reine Matt . .. ... ... ... . .. ••• 33
puzzle . .. ... . .. .. . . .. ••• •• • das Ratsel . .. ... ... ... ... . .. • •• 28, 29
Pyramid ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• die Pyramide ... ... ... ... . .. ••• 13
Queen ... ... . .. ••• • • • • • • • •• die Dame • • • •
• • • • •
• • •• • • •• • • • • 9, 31
quibble ... . .. ••• ••• ••• • •• das Wortspiel .. ,
• • •• ••
• • • • • • • • • 28
quintuplication .. . ••• ••• ••• ••• das Verf linffachen • •
• • • •• •••
• • • •• 18
rank ( of the board) .. . • • ••• • • • • ••• die Reihe ... . .. . .. . .. . .. • • •• • • 33
rank (of a chessman) • • • • • • • • • • •• der Rang ... . .. ... ... . .. • • • • • • 33
Rankrider ... . .. • •••• • ••• ••• der Reihenreiter . .. ... ... . .. • •• • •• 11, 31
Red-Cross Piece (man) • • • • • • • • • • • • die Rote-Kreuz Figur ( der R. K. Stein) • •• • • • 50
Reflecting Piece ... • • • • • • • •• • •• die reflektierende Figur . . . ... . .. • • • •• • 13
reflex chess ... . .. • •• ••• ••• • • • das Reflexschach ... ... ... . .. • • • • •• 21
reflex1nate ... . .. • • •••• ••• • •• das Reflex1natt .. . ... ... . .. • •• ••• 21
replacing chess ... • • • • •• • •• • •• das Wiederaufstellungs-Schach . . . . .. • • • • •• 51
retract . . . ... . .. ••• ••• • •• • •• zurlickziehe11 ... ... . .. . .. • •• • ••

retraction ... . .. ••• ••• • •• ••• die Zugrlicl{nal1me ... ... . .. • • • • •• 32

retractor ... . .. • • • ••• • • • ••• der Rtickzliger ... . .. ... . .. • • • • • • 23, 24, 25
retractor (defensive) • • • ••• ••• ••• der Verteidigungsrilckzilger ... . .. • < • • • • 23
Retreatable Pawn • • • •
• • ••• • • • • •• der zurilckziehende Bauer ... . .. ••• • • • 12
retrograde analysis ... ••• • •• • • • • •• die Retroanalyse ... ... . .. . .. •• ••• • 24, 25
retro-helpmate • ••• • • •• • ••• • •• das Retrohilf smatt . .. ... . .. • • • • • • 23
retro-mate ... •
• • • ••• • • ••• • • • das Retromatt ... ... ... . .. ••• • •• 23
Reversible Pawn • • •••
• • •• • • • ••• der Umkehrbauer . . . ... ... . .. • • ••• • 12
Rider . .. . .. • • • • • •• • • • • • • •• der Reiter ... ... ... ... . .. ••• ... 9, 11, 30, 31
riding-line .. . • •••
• • • • • • •• ••• die Reiterlinie ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• 9
rifle chess .. . • • • • • ••• • • •• • •• das Flintenschach ... ... . .. ••• ••• 22, 32
Rook . ,. . .. ••• • •• ••• • • • ••• der Turm ... ... ... ... . .. • • • • •• 9, 31
Rookhopper .. . • •••
• • ••• ••• • • • der Turmh Upfer ... ... ... . .. • • • •• • 10, 31
rookwise .. . • •••
• • ••• ••• • • • wie ein Turm ... ... ... . .. • •• • ••

Root-50-Leaper • ••• • ••• • ••• ••• der Wurzel-50-Springer ... ... . .. •• • ••• 11, 30
Royal Piece (man) ... ••• • • • • •• • • • die konigliche Figur (der k. Stein) ... • •• • •• 13, 50
Scotch chess, progressive chess • • • • • • • • • das schottische Schach ... . .. • • • • • • • • • 22
selfmate ... . .. ••• ••• ••• • •• das Selbstmatt ... ... . .. • • • • • •• • • 21
self-stalemate .. . ••• ••• ••• ••• das Selbstpatt ... ... . .. ••• • •• • • •

semi-reflexmate .. . ••• • •• ••• • •• das Semireflexmatt ... . .. ••• • • • •• • 21

seql,!ence • •
• ••• ••• • •• ••• • •• die Reihenfolge ... ... . .. • • • • • • • • •
•
series- ... ••• • • •••
• ••• ••• • •• Serienzug- ... ... ... . .. •• ... • ... 10
serieshelpmate ... • • • •
• • ••• ••• ••• das Serienzughilfsmatt ... . .. • • • ... ... 10
series mate • • • •
• • • •• • •• ••• ••• das Serienzugmatt ... . .. • •• ... ... 10
•
senes-mover ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• der Serienzliger ... ... . .. • •• ... ... 10, 63
Serpent ... . .. . .. ••• ••• ••• die Schlange ... ... . .. ••• 30, 31, 32, 50, 65, 66
short castling ... . .. ••• ••• • •• die kurze Rochade ... . .. ••• • • • •• •

shortest game ... . .. ••• ••• ••• die kilrzeste Beweispartie ... • • • • • • • •• 25
side-edge ... ... . .. • • • ••• ••• der Seitenrand ... ... . .. ••• ••• • ••
single ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• einfach ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• • ••
single promotion ... . .. ••• ••• ••• die einfache Bauernumwandlung ••• • •• • ••
single-step move ... . .. ••• ••• ••• der Einfachschritt ... . .. • •• • •• ••• 32
Sneak (in the Courier Game) • •• ••• • •• der Schleicher (im Kurierschach) • •• • •• • • • 8
Snip·er (R-B, B-R, etc.) ... ••• ••• ••• der Schlitze (T-L, L-T, u.s.w.) ... ••• ••• ••• 13
solution ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• die Losung . . . ... ... . .. ••• • • • • ••
space chess ... ... . .. ••• • •• ••• das Raumschach ... . .. . .. ••• ••• ••• 16
59 Fifty-nine
English Ge:r111an Page
special conditions ... . .. ••• • •• • •• besondere Bedingungen . . . ... . .. • •• •••
special powers ... . .. ••• • •• ••• besondere Krafte . . . . .. ... . .. ••• ••• 13
spherical chess ... . .. • • • • •• ••• das Kugelschach ... . .. ... . .. • •• ••• 19, 20
square ( on the chess-board) • • • • •• ••• das Feld ( am Schach brett) ... . .. •• • • ••
square (geometrical) ... ••• • •• • •• das Viereck, das Quadrat (geometrisch) • •
• • ••
square root ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• die Quadratwurzel ... ... . .. • •• • ••
Squirrel ... ... . .. ••• ••• ••• das Eichhornchen ... ... . .. ••• ••• 50
staircase ... ... . .. ••• • •• • •• die Treppe . . . . .. ... ... . .. • •• •••
stalemate ... ... . .. •• • ••• ••• das Patt ... ... ... ... . .. ••• ••• 33
stalemating-move ... . .. • •• ••• ••• der Pattzug ... ... . .. . .. ·• .. • •• 41
stalemate-maintaining-move •••• • • ••• der Patterhaltungszug,
der Pattaufrechterhaltungszu,g
1
41
stalemiate ma,intenan,ce • •• ••• •••
1
••• d ie Pat'ter,h:altung, die Pattaufrechte:rh·altung ... 41, 48
stalemate release ... • • • • • • •••
• •• die Pattaufhebung ... ... ... ... . .. 41
stalemate-releasing-move ••• ••• ••• • •• der Pattaufhebungszug ... ... ... . .. . .. 41
sta•tiona·ry mo·ve ... • •• ••• ••• ••• der abs.olut-neutra,le Zu,g . . . ... ... ... . .. 32
stipulation ... . .. • • • ••• ••• ••• die Forderung ... ... ... ... ... . .. 33
stopping ga:me . . . . .. • •• ••• • •• ••• d·as Sto1p ·ach, der Stopzilger . . . ... ... . .. 51
study ... ... . .. •• • ••• • •• • •• die Studie . .. ... ... ... ... ... . ..
Supernumerary Piece ••• ••• ••• ••• die il berzahlige Figur ... ... ... ... . .. 12
Superpawn ... • •• ••• ••• • •• ••• der Superbauer ... ... ... ... .. . . .. 12, 31
Tank ... . .. ••• ••• • •• ••• • •• der Tank ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. 32, 50
ta1sk ... . .. ••• • •• ••• ••• • •• die Aufgabe, die Hochstleistung ... ... . ..
Tan ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• dias Tia,x1i ... ... •. . ... ... •. • •.. 62
Terror ... . .. ••• ••• ••• ••• • •• der Terror, der General, die Amazone, die
allmachtige Dame . .. ... ... ... . .. 13
theme ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... das Thema ... ... ... ... ... . ..
theme tourney . . . ... ... ... ... ... das Thematurnier ... ... ... ... . ..
three-dimensional chess . .. ... ... ... das dreidimensionale Schach ... ... ... . .. 16
threefold ... ... ... . .. ... ... dreifach ... . .. ... ... ... ... . ..
tourney ... ... ... ... ... ... das rnier ... ... ... ... ... . ..
Transparent Piece (man) . . . ... ... ... die durchlassige Figur ( der d. Stein) . . . ... . .. 50
Trize bra ... ... ... ... ... ... das Dreize bra ... ... ... ... ... . .. 50
twin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... der Zwilling ... ... . .. ... ... . ..
U-chess . .. ... ... ... ... ... das U-Schach ... ... ... ... ... . .. 51
ultimate theme (s) ... ... ... ... ... die Hochstleistung (en) ... ... ... ... . .. 40-48
ultra-maximummer ... ... ... ... ... der Ultra-Langstzilger ... ... ... ... . .. 21, 63
uncapture ... ... ... ... ... ... entschlagen ... ... ... ... ... . ..
uncastle ... ... ... ... ... ... Rochade zurilcknehmen . . . ... ... ... . ..
Unicorn ... ... ... ... ... ... das Einhorn ... ... ... .. . ... . .. 17, 50
unit ... ... . .. . .. . .. ... . .. die Einheit ... ... ... ... ... . ..
unpin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... entfesseln ... ... ... ... ... ... . ..
unpromote ... ... ... ... ... ... entwandeln . . . .. . . .. ... . .. ... . ..
up the board ... ... ... ... ... aufwarts ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... 38
Vao ... ... ... ... ... ... ... der Vao ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 1·1, 31, 65
Varian ts of the 'Gam,e o,f 1C1hess
1 ... ... . .. . .. ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... 22
Vau lt.ing K:ing . . .
1 ... ... ... ... ... der sch,web.e·n,de Konig . . . ... ... ... ... 50
vertical ... ... ... ... ... ... senkrecht ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 32
vertical cylinder ... ... . .. ... ... der senkrechte Zylinder . . . ... ... ... .. . 14, 62
Victory Hopper ... ... ... ... ... der Siegh ilpfer ... ... ... ... ... ... 31, 50
wa~on wheel ohe·ss . . . ... ... ... ... da:s W,agenradschach ... ... ... ... ... 62
Wazir ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... der Wesir ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8, 9, 30
X-move·r/YJcap!ture·r (Sniper) ... ... ... de·r X-Zieher -Sch:lager (der S·chutze) ... ... 13
X-ray Piece (man) . . . ... ... ... ... die Rontgenfigur ( der R. Stein) . . . ... . .. ... 32, 50
Zebra ... ... ... ... ... ... ... das Zebra ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1·1, 30, 32
Zeppelin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... der Zeppelin ... ... ... ... ... ... 50
Zero ... ... ... ... ... ... ... die Zero ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50
zigmacs (see also black-checkers) . . . ... ... der Schachzickzack-Langstzilger ... ... ... 22
zigzags . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... das Zickzack ... ... ... ... ... ... 22, 28
All the Ge1·man expressions given above have been either used, or passed as suitable for use, by at least one
German-born Chess Problem Editor or Writer. The great majority (about 95%) have been agreed to by International
Chess Problem Master Dr. RL FABEL.
N.B.-The terms SPRINGER (=Leaper) and HOPFER (=Hopper) have been in general use in German, in organs
such as Feenschach and Die Schwalbe, since 1953 when they were established by W. Karsch and Dr. J. Niemann in
their work Elemente des Marchenschachs, a translation of T. R. Dawson's Elements of Fairy Chess.
Dr. Fabel prefers to use the word ' HOPSER ' for the English ' Hopper ' and to transfer the word ' HOPFER
to the English 'Leaper'.
ASTRONOMICAL C SS, CIRCULAR CHESS, COMPLE CHESS, DECIMAL CHESS, G AT CHESS, LI
CHESS, and OBLONG CHESS are mentioned on pages 7 and 8. e village of STROBECK is mentioned on page 8.
e FAIRY RING is mentioned on pages 7 and 40; an,d the FAIRY CHESS COR SPO EN CIRC is men-
on P'ages 40, 52 arid 64.
• •

60
 • olutions on
R ID invented by G. Brogi (C.A. 1356 Feb. 1929), themse·lves with their aircraft by crashing on the
moves like a een, but to capture hops over an decks of enemy shi·ps. On capturing, a K a,nikaze
adverse man to the next square beyond, and cap- piece disappears from the board along with the
tures that man. See No. 105. captured pie·ce. See No. 109. Anticipa.te·d by B. G.
GRIFFON invented by A. Chicco (FCR 6/8/6977 Oct. Laws, No. 196, 1'he Pro1b'lemist, January, 1928.
1946), m•oves like a Knight, except that when it CIRCE PIECE invented by P. Monreal and J. P. Boyer
plays to a square of its own colour (White Gr. to (Probleme, Les Pieces Feeriques II, No. 28, M·ay
· . square it may immediately take another step 1968). When captured, this piece is immediately
to any of the fu er 8 Knight-moves available: replaced on its square of O·r· ·n; in the case of
e.g. G·r. a:t e3 in No. 106 is guarding d4,b4, etc. via R,B or S on the square of the same colo·ur as that
c2 in addition to c2 itself. It can capture Bl.B at al on which it was c·aptured. Thus a Circe Rook cap-
via c2 or Bl.P at e7 via f5. (Not to be confused with tured o-n h8 (a black square) wo-uld be replaced on
the GRI IN or GR HON on page 13, which is a al, provided al was emp-ty; if al was occupie.d th·e
bined Paw11 + Bishop). Circe Ro,ok would be re.mov·ed from the board a·s
-G SSHOPPER invented by W. B. Trumper in a norm al cap-ture. Ps go to the initial square of 1

DO the•ir file. e capturing move must be legal ·and

(Feenschac.h 8767-8770, page 728, Jun uly 1968).
It must make two consecutive Grasshopper hops, n 0-t place the player's Ki·ng in ,ch·eck. See No. 110.
1

with ch·ange, or reversal, of direction permitted. In SER PIECE invented by Danie·l Guerithault
(Probleme Feerique, page 10, Probleme 45, Sep-
No. 107 G/G at a6 cannot capture Bl.P at £6, and tember 1968). It moves no,rmally except that it m·ay
has no move. Remove Bl.P from f6 and G/G at a6 not move to a square occupied by a hostile piece
could hop to h6 or d4 or d6, all via f6. to cap,ture it. Immediately its move is terminated
HAL -G SSHOPPER invented by Fritz Hoffmann it emits ·a 'laser-beam' along all its l,ines of control
(Feenschach 8832-8836, page 734, August 1968). It tha·t destroys every first piece (friendly or enemy)
makes n consecutive Grass-hopper hops, with change lying on those lines. Pieces behind the first piece
or reversal of direction, through empty landing- are 'protected' by the first piece on the line. So
squares. Black H/G at e6 in No. 108 could h-op to Laser-Ro,ok in diagram No. 111 moving to gl would
c6, or via c6 to c3, or via c6 and c3 to c5 and e7. destroy Bl.B at cl and Wh.P at g3.
ZE PIECE invented by P. Monreal (Probleme BLUNDER- (Dutch, Bepe·rkt Helpmat) invented by
1965). is is a 'suicide' piece, named after the F. H. vo·n Meyenfeldt (Probleemblad May-June
Japanese pilots of World War II who sac · ced 1967, page 48). Black, to play, makes a move
enabl-ing White to force mate in n moves (i.e. one
105 PFS 82 help-m·ove, then dir -mate). See No. 112.
. 1930 106 FCR 6977
J. G. Ingram Oct. 1946 A. Chicco 109 Probleme, 1965 110 s Pie Fee,riques
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ¼ ... ~ ~
ded. to R. Bedo,ni May, 1968
~ ~~
• ~~ ~
P. Monreal J. P. Boyer & P. Monreal
~~ ~~ ~¾-
, . ,· 0
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~~
~~ ~~'0 ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ,
~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~
, - , 'J/"- • .•

~~ ~~
¼
.,.,., ~~ ,, ~~
I
~ ' ~~ ~~
~. ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~~ ~ I~
1
''0_
0
7,~
m
~~
m
~~~ ~ Q"..I.
0-"W, ?'7~ ~ ~
~ , .,_ ~B '//. ~ ,,·:c--.,~
~ ~ ~ ~
·½
?f,,;I,~ 0
~
m
~ z, .. ., .. ~ m ,'./2 II' ,
~
~I ,, .. • • ~ ~
'"" ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~
All Me naids. Playing 2~ Griffon~ ~~i I' ,,, w.
Ms in any order ~____. :.~"'-:~ , W, ~ ~ ~ ~
.........- i

leave Mc3 alone a.t c3 in 2~ Kamikaze Pieces cl, All Circe Pieces
8 moves. dl, d5, e2, g4, h2
107 Feen ·ach 8767 108 Feenschach 8832 111 Probleme Feerique 1,12 bleemblad
June - J;uly 1968 August 1968 Sept. 1968 May-June 1967
W. B. Tl'l1mper F. Hoffmann D. Guerithault F. H. von Me·yenfeldt
~
, • • •
~ ~ ~ ~
••

~ ''~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~

~ ~~ :% ~
~
~
~
~ ~ .. , ~* ~ , ~½, ~ ~
~* ,
~ ~
~

~
~
•
~
~ ~
0
¼
0 WY
~
*
~~ ~~ .., , ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~- ,,,.~, '¼ ~~ ii"" ~~ ,,, ¼~ ~~ ~~ -~ ~~
~ 0
~~ -~ ,.,, J, ~ ~~
~
,,,,
~
~~
~~ ~~ ~·
~~ ~~
~
,J.
~
¼

:7~ ~ ,,,,,. ~¼ ~;ra ~~ :%~ ~~ ~~ ~

~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ::-1.~ ~~ ~~ ~~

~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ z
, -~ ~~ 7~
~
~ ~~ ~~ :%,
0
~
~
~~ ~~ ~~ ~

~
I
,
~- ~~ ~~ ~~
',
/

-~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 1/.,. ,,,,,,, ~~ ~~ ~~. ~~ 7~

~

~~ 7~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ 1/,
' .. :7t,,, ~~ ~~ ~ ,
~~ ~~ ~~ ~
~ ~ . ~
'• ~ •
I
~ ~ 0.
•

~ , ~ , ' ~ .. , -~ . , , , , . , , • .I ~ ~ ' , ~ ~ 0

0 Solutions 1~ lJaJ.,na-Grasshoppers 3~ Laser-Rook hl Blu er- e in 2

Double-Gr opper a8 c4, h8; e6 r-Bishop al
81
 by
Robert
Stillman

The abo:ve diagram is taken from an article in Strategy and Tactics, Vol. 1, No. 7, August 1967, and sh,ows a
plane surface projection of a Vertical Cylinder (see page 14). The earliest Cylinder problem in the T.R.D. collection
was by W. Roese, in Die Norag 12th Fe·bruary, 1926.

THE TAXI was invented b,y Dr. Karl Fabel in 1961. It is DYNAMO CHESS is a new f,or1n of Che,ss, invente.d by
a special type of Pawn that may play one, two or three Hans Klilver and Peter Kahl, in 1968, in which the
steps forward from its initial array posi.tion, and also chessmen have '' magnetic '' p.owers of attraction ·an,d
one step backwards (but not back beyond its ,initial repulsi,on operating along their normal lines of move-
array rank). On reaching its eighth rank it may pro- ment. For a full description write to Peter Kahl,
mote or remain a Taxi and play backwards to its initial 2 Hamburg 67, Stilffelring 18, West Germany.
array rank (but it no longer has the right to a two- or
A MOEBIUS BOA (or Moebius Strip) was first
three-step forw,ard first move). It capture•s like a Pawn,
used in a pro,blem by W. Pflughaupt (Feensc,hach
and may capture another Taxi en passant after the
1669-72, Mar. 1953). It was named after August
latter's thre·e-step move (Xa2-a5,Xb5 x a4). Th·e normal
Ferdinand Moebius (1790-1868), Professor of Mathe-
e.p. capture .is als.o available (Xa2-a4,Xb4 x •a3). e
matics and Astronomy at Leipzig, who discovered the
s b•ol .is X.
'single-sided surface'. The board is formed like a
113 Helsingin Sanomat
October 1961 Vertical Cylinder, but with a 'twist' of 180°, so that
Dr. Karl Fabel the a- and h-files adjoin, but with a8 adjacent to hl, a7
~ ~ ~ ~
adjacent to h2, etc.
0~ ~- [W ~
~ ~ ~ ~ , The MOEBIUS RING was invented independently of
the above by B. R. Mason, in 1966. It is an Anchor-ring
-=--; 1/, ~ ~
with a 180° ·twist in it so that the first rank squares
al-dl adjoin the 8th ra squares e8-h8, while el-hl
adjoin a8-d8. A Bishop at cl moves via d2 to h6, then
~%: ///, ~~ ~ ,·,
~ ,,,
a7 to b8, then gl-h2, then a3-f8 and thence directly back
. ' '

to cl again. A Rook moving up the a-file to as re-enters

'
/ ,.,. / .

~ ~ , ~ the board again at el and moves up the e-file to e8,

Mate in One Five Taxis where it re-enters again at al, and so on. A Knight at
d4, d7, £2, f6, f7 - as tours to cl,d2,f2,gl,c7,b6,h6 and . Refer to the
Dedicated to Eero Bons- diagram on page 15, under Anchor-ring, and shift the
dorff on his 40th bi -
day - artd so, 40 solu- top and bottom 'replica-board·s' four squares to the
tions. right or left.
Sixty-two 62
 •

Mr. C. E. Kemp, then Editor of Fairy Chess Review,
declared in 1958 (FCR 9/20/p.162) that the te1m 'Fairy
Mate' co,uld now be ''dropped as useles.s''. To•day i t is
certainly less needed, as the convention is that Fairy
conditions do not always automatically ce,ase to operate
in the final position of a problem.
.riioally, F 7027 is of in•terest in more than
one way. J. Rayner (1859-1898), who was T.R.D.'s uncle,
1 was o,ne of the sources of T.R.D.'s interest in Fairy
Chess ''thi:s miraculous stuff'' (Chess AmateuT, Jan.
1928, page 123). The 1 Century convention that a
'Fairy' pro blem had a 'nor1na1' m·ate was so fir1nly
1

established that as late as 1943 (Elements of Fairy

It was T. R. Dawson who fi·rst introduced the term
'Fairy Mate', in the Chess Amateur, Vol. , June 1926,
page 280, giving two example·s, one in Checkless Ches s
(rules; no checks allo•wed except by the m·ating party
Chess, FCR 5/5/p.39 April 1943) he c!o,uld declare:
''Where the aim is mate, an -ortho•d'OX m,ate i·s under-
1
stoo·d, any special rules in f·orce ceasing to apply''.
Final·ly, diagram D sh·ows a p·o,sitio,n that could occur 1

in the mating p,os;iti·on), the 0 ther in the Maximummer

1
Selfmate ( rules : Black must play his l·ongest move,
b-ut all checks are normal). These ·are shown in di·a-
gram A below. In A(i) Black m,ay not dis.clo·se check
by playing Kb6 or Kc7, etc.-and in A(ii) White King
may no,t pl·ay to dl (into normal check) altho·ugh 1
Black's longes t mo,ve would then be
1
1-h8.
in an Ultra-Maximummer Selfmate o,r in a Cons'istent
Maximummer Self mate, after Black had played Rh5-hl.
In the Ultra, White co-uld not re·ply Kdl, as he wo·uld
still be in check there (Black having two equal len ·
maximum moves, Rh5 or R dl, b·o.th 4 units). But in
the Coins·istent, Whi·te King could play to dl, where he
wo·uld not be in check, and Black would then have to
play Rh5, his on·ly m.ove (Black doe·s not give check
1

Diagrams B and C show final po,s:i,tions of a pro,b·lem when he has two o·r more mo,ves of equal maximum
by J. Rayner (FCR 6/9/7027 Dec. 1946). The true solu- length). The U1:tra-Maximum1ner was called the Fairy-
tion gives the mating pos:iti-on as in B, a 'no rmal mate'. 1

Mate-Maxi:1nummer at one ti.rne.

Six ye·ars later Mr. T. H. Willcocks asked why h i,s 1

solution, a short mate a·s in C (FCR 8/4/p.32 June 1952 E DEFINITIONS OF EC CHEC ATE
and FCR 9/21/p.171 April 1958) h,ad not been accepted, FAIRY TE
and the then editor, Mr. D. Nixon, p·o inte·d out tha.t it 1

was a 'Fairy Mate', whereas a 'nor1nal mate' had been The defin,i:tion of che,ck on page 33 of this Guide is
understo,o•d by the stipulati on ' · ITHER SIDE
1
Y basic for the definition of Checkmate. The player in
CA U '. In Rayner's day Fairy proble,ms were the Game announces 'c·heck' immediately his piece
generally understoo d to need a 'normal' mating p·osi-
1 arrives on its final squ·are; and if the opp·onent (per-
tion. haps in time tro,uble) cann·ot (or does not) do an ing
to annul that check, his game is lost, he is 'mated', his
Under the rules o•f NO CAf>'J.'ORE C SS (Neither King is 'dead'. Note tha·t the threat is of an immediate
side may cap,ture, unle·ss it is the only me·an·s to save capture of the King, so that in a Series-Mover a King
the King-J. Boye,r, N.J. 38 and GFC p•age 22) diagram may no•t mo.ve into check. A player is in check no
C w·ould NOT be che ckmate, for 1
ite King wo·uld matter whethe:r o·r not 'legal' moves for either party
then capture the Bl.B at bl as '·the only means to save may exist 'beyond' the position. If he cannot a1111ul the
itself'. is emphasise·s the need for a compose·r to check by s.ome legal move or other device, then he is
make his conditi,ons cle1ar beyond all possib,le ain,biguity. c·hec ,a .

A. Chess Amate,ur B. FCR 7027 C. FCR & FCR

June 1926 Dec. 1946 June 1952, April 1958
T. R. Dawson J. Rayner J. Rayner D. A.S.M.D.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-~

~~ 0: ~~ ~~ ¼ , ~
~
~ ~ ~ ~ I'/, ~~,.,,, I'/,~~ >1/.h ,1//2 ~ ,; ., ,.,,., '.1/,
~ ..t.. ~-~ ~
~ 1/, ~~ I'/~,
~ A ~......... ~
~ 1//// ~1/,1//, ~1/.,..,
~ ~ %: , ¼ :-0 ,.,

~ ~ /~/2//, ;,:

~ ~~
. ¼'¼ ~ . ~
~✓, ~
'.1/, ~ 1//,
ifh.
1///,1//,
½~
, / 1/,
~ ""~ ?V, W✓~ ~~ ~~ , ,W,
V, , ~ ,~ , ~ :-0
~ ~ ~
~ ~
I ,
~~ ... , ~ //., ~ .I. 1/, I1///.@ .

2 sep arate p,ositions:- (i) Neither Side may

Fin·al Position-
1
Neither Side may ite to play
whole bo ard for each
1
Cap,ture Cap·ture a) Ul·tra-Maxi.mumme,r
i) top-iCheckless Chess correct solution- 'normal r. H. Willcocks's solutior Se·lfmJate
~airy Mate m,ate' Fairy Mate ite i·s checkmated
ii) 'bottom- (ii) No Cap:ture Chess
if Maximum·me·r Se·lfm·ate 1.KxB b) Consistent
Normal Mate (Not Chee ate) Maximummer Selfmate
ite is no,t check-
if Ult~a-Maximummer
Not Mate mated
1.Kdl, Rh5
•

:fo·r 1,Kdl,Rh8

63 Sixty-thTee

•
 •

DATES OF FAIRY CJIESS REVIEW and PROBLEMIST FAIRY SUPP

PFS Vol. 1 Aug. 1930 -Jun. 1933 FCR Vol. 4 Aug. 1939 -Jun. 1942 FCR V•ol. 7 Aug. 1948 - Jun. 1951
PFS Vol. 2 Aug. 1933 - Jun. 1936 FCR Vol. 5 Aug. 1942 -Jun. 1945 FCR Vol. 8 Aug. 1951 - Oct. 1954
FCR Vol. 3 Aug. 1936 - Jun. 1939 FCR Vo·l. 6 Aug. 1945•Jun. 1948 FCR Vol. 9 De·c. 1954 - April 1958

E FAIRY CHESS CORRESPONDENCE CIRC

Upon the demise of Fairy Chess Review the Rev. A. W. Baillie initiate!d the F.C.C.C. with 12 members, who
circulate a m·onthly packet, which returns after 12 months to its sender, who then rep,laces hls contributi·ons,
either originals or reproductions. Circulation in the F.C.C.C. packets is to a limited number of 'technic·al experts',
whose function is partly to 'te,st' the pro.ble·ms, and so does not co·unt as 'pub!lication'. Towards the end of 1958 the
Rev. Baillie went ab·ro-ad and Mr. W. Cross took over as Dire·ctor until 1969, when he retired and hande:d over to the
author.
'

NOTE on Task 3a (p.42), 49 Cap•tures: M. Charosh and T. R. Dawson both improved this with a more economical
version wit·h only 31 men; see page 110 :R October 1944.

NO on Partial Analysis, No. 70 (p.25) :-Partial Analysis prob·lem.s were de·clared 'invalid' by the Piran C.odex in
1958, a most unfortunate decision. It is high time this was corre,cted, and these be.autiful pro·ble·ms restored to their
rightful e·minence. Prob-lems of the type of N·o. 65 (p.25), that claim to prove so,me retro-analytical fact by the act of
castling are regarded as having 'No So;lution' by experts such as T.R.D., L. Ceriani and Dr. Fabel-since the mere act
of castling does not prove that it is a legal act. No. 70, on the contrary, has four so,lutions to meet four contingen-
cies, the mates are all separated and there is neither cook nor dual. The go,lden words of T.R.D. in FCR Feb. 1950
ne·ed repeating :-''Pro·blems which prove partially some retrograde fact canno·t be held to pro•ve it absolutely . . .
it is necessary to state the ·alternatives''.

SOLUTIONS TO NOS. 105 - 112

105. The·re are m any methods_; e.g. 1.c3 x a3; 2.b2 x e5; 3-4.d3 x b5 x £5; 5-8.a3 x c5 x g5 x cl x c3.
1

106. l.Ra5. T.R.D. has ·a curio·us comment that ''if the Griffon can capture on its firs;t half, then Pg5 mate,s in one,,
.-but it is difficult to imagine how T.R.D. could h,ave envisage•d this 'rider' continuing to ride after making a
cap·ture. Dr. Chic'CO points out that the Griffon may not capture on its inter-square.
107. l.Re7+, e6; 2.Bg8, Kd6; 3.Rf7, Pe7~ from G/Ga6 via e6: and 1.B-g8, e5 x £6; 2.Bh7, K x e6; 3.Se7, £7~ with G/Ga6
guarding d8 and £8 via £6 over e7 and f7.
108. 1.Kd2~ fro-m H/Gh8 via h4, b4, el, ,and via h4, b4, d4, dl and via -h4, h6, cl. Tri·p\le check from H/Gh8.
109. l.Kg5 thr 2.Sg6. Black defends by pinning the Kn'ight by sacrificing a Kam·ikaze piece in capturing the WMte
Pawn at e3.
1 ... KamR x e3; 2.KamSf3~, ·as Bl.P. at e4 is now pinned.
1 ... KamSd x e3; 2.Ka.mRd5~, now th,at Karns has quitted d5 the KamR can play there withou·t sacrificing
its-e·lf.
1 ... KamSg x e3; 2.KamSg4~ the same fo·r the KamS.
1 ... KamSd x £4; 2.Qg3~.
110. 1.Rg7, Rb7; 2.Bh7, Kb8; 3.R +, R x h7(Bc8):;l= The Bl. Bish,op re-ap·pears on c8, annu·lling the check on the
White King, and the Black King canno·t cap,ture the ·te Rook a-t h7, a,s the latter would then re-ap,pear
on hl, still giving check.
111. 1.LasRh2 (destroying Rh7 and thre atening 2. sRa2)
1

1 ... Sd2+; 2.LasRe2 (destroying Sd2 and Pe7 and threatening 8.Las.Ra2 or e7).
2 ... LasBe5 or Be3; 3 .LasRa2:;l=
2 ... LasBb2 or Bd2; 3.LasRe7:;l=
1 ... Kb7; 2.LasRh8 and 3.LasRa8 or b8 or c8.
112. 1.Bh3, 1; 2.B any, Bg7~ 1.Bf7?, · 1; 2.Bh5!

Sixt11-four 64
 •

1. The GRA Fa111jly

GRASSHOPPER (G)-h,op·s on Q lines over one man of either colour to next square be·yond that man when
moving or caprtu·ring (see p. 8).
GRASSHOPPER 2, 3, . . . (n) (G2, G3 etc.)-h:ops ,on Q lines over one m an of ei·ther colour to 2nd, 3rd, . . .
1

(nth) square beyond th·at man when mo,ving or capturing (FCR 4/17/p. 190/lde•as No. 6, Ap·r. 1942).
LION (Li)-hops on Q line·s over one man of e:i·ther colour to any square b·ey.ond that m·an when moving or
capturing (see p.8). Lion i·s the . ore a c,ombined G+G2+G3+G4 etc.
LOCUST (Lo )-ho•p·s on Q line•s o·ve,r one adverse man to nen squ.are beyond tha,t man (if th,at square is
empty) and cap,tures the adve:rse man over which it hop,s. It cannot mo·ve without cap.turing (see p. 8).
KANGAROO (K·a)--h:op·s like a G but over two men of same or different colours to the next square beyond the
second man (see p. 49).
DOUB GRASSHOPPER (DG)-must make two consecutive G hops, with change of d,ire·ction or switchback
permi,tted; capture,s only after the second hop (see p. 61).
HALMA GRASSHOPPER (HG)-makes n consecutive G hops, with change of dire1ction or switc:hback permitted;
captures only after nth hop (see p. 61) (F. H·offmann type, S·chema I, Feenschach p. 734, August 1968).
-make·s n con·secutive G hop,s, with c·hange of direction or switchback pennitted; may capture any number of
adverse men during the se·ries of hops. (H. P. Rehm typ•e, Sche·ma II, p. 734, Feenschach, August 1968). NB:-
This type offends the general principle that a rider does niot continue its ride afte,r m :ng a cap·ture (e.g.
Bis.hop, Nightri·der, e,tc.). (See p. 61).
GRASSHOPPER RIDER (GR)-Simi·lar to the HaJm,a-Grass.ho·ppe·r, but is confined ·to conse,cu·tive h·ops along one
line only, i.e. a R-line or a B-,line (b·y R. J. rvall, FCR 3/13/3289/August 1938).

2. The CA V ALIElt Fa • y
KNIGHT (Kt, S)-leap·s directly to a square at a distance ,of 1-2 or 2-1 (see p. 8).
NIGHTRIDER (Ni-is a Knight that may continue its Knight-leap's, always in the same direction, until it C'aptures
or is blocked (·see p. 8).
NIGH OPPER (NH)-must ho·p over a man of either co·lour at a distance of 1-2 or 2-1 to a landing square at a
dis tance of 2-4 or 4-2. It is the equivalent of an Equiho,pper limite·d only to the o·ne Kt-type h·op; or of a
1

Nigh,triderh,op·per 1i111ited only to its first h,op. (NB. ere is no•t, and cannot be, a chessman ca·lled Kn·ighth·o,p,per
within the D·aws·onian sohe·me of movements of apers, Riders, an1d Ho,ppers, as outlined in the EORY OF
MOVE NTS on p. 30).
HYDRA (H) (Hy)-the earliest form of 'Dou·b·le-Knight' h,itherto located in European Chess; invented by P.
Pratt in 1803 (se,e p. 49).
IIIPPOPOTAMUS (HP)-a Cap,turing Knight, th!at can move, but only in order to cap,ture; invented by J. de
A. Almiay in 1940 (·see p. 49) .
DOUB KNIGHT (DS)-a Knigh,t tha:t m:ay continue with o·ne more Kt-leap in an outward directi·on, but not
to a s·quare that a Nightrider may visit-Double-Knight at d6 may le.ap to b7; b5; b5, a3; c4; c4, a3; c4, d2; e4;
e4, d2; e4, g3; f5; £5, g3; f5, h6; £7; f7, h6; e8; c8. It captures an a·dverse man standing on its final landing squa,re
(s·ee p. 49 and No. 114 on p. 66).
GRIFFON (G·r) (A. Chicco)-a Knight th;at, ,after p·laying to a square of its own colour (WS to a wh·ite square,
Bl.S to a black square), may immediately continue to any of the the·n avai,lab·le 8 K,t ..tour squares (th:is definition
includes switchback to its original squ,are). (See p. 61).
DOUBLE KNIGHT (DS) (G. Brogi)-a Knight th·at, after its first n1011nal leap, may continue with one m,ore leap
to any of the 7 available Kt-tour squares excluding switchb·ack to its origin'.al squ·are. is appe•ars to be the same
as P. Pratt's Hydra, above. It d~ffers fro,m A. Chicco's Griffon in not having the colour of square limitation, and
in not permittt.ing switchb,ack. (See Probleemblad Jan.-Feb. 1969, page 7, N 0. 6550). (See also No. 115 on p.66).
1

MAO (Ma)-a kind of Knight th·at i·s not a Leaper, but a Rider along two single-steps, the first of which must
1

be orthogo·n;al, the se cond diagonal. If the first o ogonal step is blocked, the Mao cann·ot m:ove. It can pin an
1

adve·rse p·ie,ce standing on its first (.o , · •ogonal) step agai the adverse King standing o·n its seoon,d (d,iagonal)
ste p. (See p. 11).
1

SERPENT (Se)-a kind of Nightrider wi·th ad,ded power ,of con·tinuing one more diagonal ste:p in the same (out-
ward) dire·ction after e,aoh N leap (see page 50 and No. 116 on p. 66).
HIPPOGRI (H)-invented by P. Monreal, christened by Jean dot. It is a C,ombined Pie:ce (see p. 13), c.on-
si·sting of Knight and Grass·hoppe·r. (See British Chess Magazine 1964 and No. 117 on p. 66).

3. The LE
0 (L) (Le)-moves like a Q; but cap,tures on Q lines, only by ho•pp,ing over one man of either co·Io.u,r to
any squ•are beyond that man (seep. 11). (It ca.pture·s.like a Li0.n).
1

PAO (P) (Pa)-m,oves 1Jike a R; but captures on R lines, o·nly by ho ·ng over one man o,f either 0010,ur to ·any1

square beyond (see p. 11).

VAO (V) (Va)-moves like a B; but captu:res on B lines, o:nly by hopping O·ver one man o.f either col,o·ur to a,ny
square be·yon·d (· p. 11).
65 Sixt11-five
 ID (M)-m·ove;s like a Q; bu,t oapture1s o·n Q lines, only by h-opping over an adverse man, whic'h it cap-
tures, to the next squ;are be•yond th.at man (,see, p. 6·1). (It captures like a Lo·cus't) _
114 PFS 1152 115 Probleemblad 6550 116 FCR 3948 V. K. Raman 117 BCM 9554
Feb. 1934 K. K·aiser Jan-Feb. 1969 G. Bro-~i Nov. 1939 Menon Dec. 1964 P. Monreal
." ~~~

~ ~ ~m ~~ ~
..I. ~ ~ ..I. 1/. ~ , -~

.,..... ~~ W-✓~ //
•
/

2~ Double-Knight e8 2~ Doub,Ie-Knigh:t gl 2¥ Se~entc2 2¥= Hip,po,griffs a6; a5

1.Re4 1.Sb6 1.Qxd4 1.Hc7

120 ·D·eutS'C he 1

118 Feenschac·h 7697 119 Sc·hac:hm:att Sc:hachb,latter 121 Feens C'h ach 410 1 1

Aug.-Sep·t. P. A. Petkov March Dr. W. Massmann 15 Au;g. T. R. Dawson Nov. F. F. Burbac:h

1966 1947 1926 1950
~ r~ r~ ~ ~ 0 t %'''//,
~~~~ ~~ ~~ '.ff: 0, ;,;.,-~ ¼
wif/.,-~t~~. ~
·✓:,
~ /~
~¼ • ';/,

¾~ //.~ %. 1/. w,,._~ ~ ,-: :,;°@ 00 ~/~

, /~,
1/~,1~
~~~ ~
' .. ..,.,.,_ 1/, ~'//1/,~ .-r, 1/,~ . ~ t:~ ¾~:@
..l_ (if%' ½ z ~ ~ ~

0-. i/4 ~ ·,1 _ ,. -~ ~w ~:ffi ~ /tt,~ 0. ~ . . .

,1/,;;~,.~..,~~ff,J, ~
~!1 ~,¼ ½✓-~
~~
•/ ~f:, ~/.. .'/~ ✓-1/4% 1/.'l"/;-0;

~/. ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~
0, 1/. ~ ~ 0,% 1//4

. , , , ..I. ~ 0 ;, ~, /, ;,~ /,
.&.
i// ---'- ,; 1/. 0, I i.r, ; '/~
"/) I ~
~ , ; I:! / ./ __, ' /

~ ~ ~
~ ~:~
//. ..I. //. ~- (( //
, % Ai ·1 1/,;~ ~//~ %',% , ,;;;;
~ ~~ ~~- -~ : ✓efffi ii'~ ~/,m,
~~~ ,~ ,,;,, ~ -~ ~ ;,;::J~
S~2 Black Must Che,ck 1
S:;t:3 B,lac·k Must c.ap,ture 1
S:;t:16 Capturing Zigzags S¥9 Ch·e,cking Zigzags,
1

( S,ch,achzwang) Maximumme·r (Blackcap) Fairy Ma'te

l.S,dl,e·dlQ+; 2.Kh3,Qg4¥: ( S,crhlagzwang) (E:inm,alsjc•hlagzickzack) (Sch,achzi,ckzac·k)
1 ... edlR+; 2.Kf3,Rd3¥ 1. ,Sb2 (b4,c5,e5, e·tc.) 5.K ; 6.Kh3; 7.Bhl; 6.Kb2,a3+; 7.Kbl,a2+;
1 ... ·edlB+; 2.Khl,Bf3:;t= 2.Rc4 ( c6,d2,h2, etc), 8.Kg2; 14.KaS; 15.Bb7; 8.Kal; 9.e8 == S, for Bf6¥
1 ... e:dlS+; 2.Kfl,Se3¥ Sxc4 ( c2,e4/6,g4/6, etc.) 16.Sb6, for SxS¥
3.Sd6 ( e7,Rd6/4,Rh6/4,
e·tc.), Sxd6 (e7, etc.)
122 T. R. D awson 1

Ham·b,urg Corres:p-onde,nt
1927

(
l'
~
,
'z
'½
1
½ . ,
, Di:agram No. 122 .sh,ows th·e T. R. Dawson p·ro'blem that had the three-foild effect, now
excee·de!d by H.-P. Rehm's No. 56 ,on p·age 22. The Re·hm pro b,Ie·m is sound by either
H. Sta.pff's or T. R. Dawson's rules. e Stapff rules allow Bilack to che·ck (·or check-
mate) the Whi,te King eve•n while leaving a White man s·ti,11 en prise. They are: ''Once
Black s·tarts to capture, the piece move,d mu.c;t con,tinue capturing all available Whi·te
men on i·ts route (whi,ch m·ay change direc,t·ion) until either t·here are no m'ore Whi·te
1

men le,ft to capture or the · ite Kin·g is che·cke·d or mated.''

I~, ~ The whole series o·f captures coun·ts as one move; and the ordinary p1assing check
~ ~AAi -~ .,,,,.% (p.33) is allowe-d, :as a,lso in the T.R.D. rulles.
S:;t:4 Madcap Zigza·g The S tapff rule's are le·s·s strict th-an Dawson'' s; and when the prime co·n·dition is that
1 1

1 Pf4,Bxf8; 2.Bc·4,Qxg2; all avail,able cap'ture·s must b·e m·ade, •i·t is perhaps a blemi,sh to allow a man to rema,in
3.B,f7,Bxf7; 4.Re4, still en prise after a che,ck or checkm·ate.
Qx-e4xf4¥
1 ... Bxf4; 2.Bg4,Q ; (Dr. K. Fabe,l h as named thi s form 'Serienschlagzic·kzack' i-n ·Germ·an.)
1 1

3.Bf5,Bxf5; 4.Sa8,
Qxa8xf8¥=
1 ... Qxe2 ; 2.Bh6, •

Bxf4xh6; 3.Rd6;
4.Sd5,Qxd5xd6¥:

66
clays of relativity, l1ow abot1t three-dimensional and four-dimensional cl1ess?

criteria? Four-player chess? Or, time being short, minichess?

as a permanent cl1ess of the future.

1969

A DOVER EDITION DESIGNED FOR YEARS OF USE!

DOVER