Business Intelligence and Data Visualization - CIA II

Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of Master of Business Administration

By

Athira Denny

2127958

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Meera Suresh

School of Business and Management

CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore

AUGUST 2022
ABOUT THE DOMAIN

The process of maintaining or enhancing one's health through preventing, diagnosing,

treating, rehabilitating, or curing disease, sickness, injury, and other physical and mental

impairments in people is known as health care (sometimes spelled healthcare or healthcare).

Health professionals and other people in allied health professions provide medical care.

Medical, dental, pharmaceutical, midwifery, nursing, optometry, audiology, psychology,

occupational therapists, physical therapy, and sports training are just a few of the professions

that fall under the umbrella of health care. Work in general care, specialty clinics, tertiary

care, and public health are all included (well-being, mortality rates). Systems of healthcare

were established to meet the needs of particular populations in terms of healthcare. According

to the World Health Organization (WHO), a coordinated approach, a workforce that is well-

trained and fairly compensated, reliable data on which to base policy decisions, and well-

maintained health facilities capable of delivering high-quality medications and technological

advancements are necessary for a medical system to operate effectively. A strong healthcare

system may benefit a nation's economy, development, and social well-being. The

improvement of global physical and mental health is frequently acknowledged as requiring

improved access to health care. For instance, the WHO declared the elimination of smallpox

in 1980 as the first disease ever treated systematically and purposefully. Businesses that offer

medical services, produce medical supplies or medications, offer medical insurance, or in

some other way help patients receive healthcare make up the healthcare sector. The

healthcare industry, also known as the medical industry or the health economy, is an

amalgamation and integration of economic sectors that offer products and services for the

treatment of patients in the curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care categories.

The most well-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an

emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims
to a sudden illness. A hospital is a health care institution that provides patient treatment with

specialised health science and auxiliary healthcare staff as well as medical equipment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Patient length of stay (LOS) is one critical parameter to observe and predict if one wants to

improve the efficiency of the healthcare management in a hospital. LOS helps hospitals to

identify patients of high LOS risk (patients who will stay longer) at the time of admission.

Patient duration of stay is one crucial statistic to monitor and forecast if one wishes to

increase the effectiveness of healthcare management in a hospital. Healthcare management

has many use cases for data science. At the time of admission, this metric assists hospitals in

identifying patients who pose a high LOS risk (patients who will stay longer). Once

identified, patients at high risk for LOS can have their treatment plans improved to reduce

LOS and lessen the possibility of infection in staff or visitors. Additionally, prior awareness

of LOS might help with planning logistics like room and bed allotment. Let's say you were

employed by HealthMan, a non-profit company dedicated to managing the operation of

hospitals in a professional and ideal manner, as a data scientist. The goal is to correctly

anticipate the length of stay for each patient on an individual basis so that hospitals may

utilise this data to better allocate resources and operate. There are 11 different categories for

the length of stay, ranging from 0 to 100 days.

OBJECTIVE

The length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of the efficiency of hospital management.

Reduction in the number of inpatient days results in decreased risk of infection and

medication side effects, improvement in the quality of treatment, and increased hospital profit

with more efficient bed management 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

 Average Hospital Stay: This KPI for healthcare measures how long patients stay in

the hospital on average. Although this statistic is quite helpful, it is also fairly broad.

Patients should be classified according to the sort of care they are receiving in order to

gain a clearer picture of what is happening at the hospital.

 Room or Bed Turnover: This healthcare KPI measures the speed at which patients

enter and exit the facility. To make sure that patients are not being released too soon

only to be readmitted again, this measure should be monitored together with

readmission rates.

Room Turnover = Number of Discharges (including deaths) / Number of Beds

 Medical Equipment Utilization: This contemporary healthcare indicator tracks how

often your facility uses cutting-edge technology. Given the high cost of specialised

equipment, this is an important metric for cost management.

 Average Patient Wait Time: The wait periods at healthcare facilities are frequently

very long. As the name suggests, this measure keeps track of the typical wait time a

patient experiences between checking in and seeing a doctor. When it comes to

 staffing, planning, and offering information on patient satisfaction, this measure is

crucial.

Patient Wait Time = Total Wait Time / Number of Patients

STAR SCHEMA
IDENTIFICATION OF KPIs, DIMENSIONS AND MEASURES

The main key performance indicators that are used to analyse the length of stay of patients

are:

 Average Hospital Stay: This KPI for healthcare measures how long patients stay in

the hospital on average. Although this statistic is quite helpful, it is also fairly broad.

Patients should be classified according to the sort of care they are receiving in order to

gain a clearer picture of what is happening at the hospital.

 Type of Admission: This KPI for healthcare measures the type of admission as to if it

is emergency or trauma or urgent. This statistic is really useful, but it also covers a lot

of ground. To get a better understanding of what is going on at the hospital, patients

should be categorised based on the type of care they are receiving.

 Department: The department which has the most number of patients can be analysed

and the rooms can be made prepared accordingly in order to predict the length of stay.

 Severity of illness: This KPI for healthcare measures the severity of illness as to if

it’s moderate or extreme. The severity of illness has a significant relation with length

of stay in the time of the discharge.

HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis: Chances of increase in emergency cases.

Alternate Hypothesis: No chance of an increase in emergency cases.

Null Hypothesis: The chance of an increase in period of stay.

Alternate Hypothesis: No chances of an increase in period of stay.
THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

Business intelligence is the process of turning raw data into valuable information by

employing technology to evaluate and represent it. Using the information gathered, this

technique is excellent for establishing or creating new company opportunities.

DIMENSIONS OF HEALTHCARE SECTOR

 Safe: preventing patients from being harmed by the care that is meant to be helpful to

them.

 Effective: delivering services based on scientific knowledge to everyone who could

benefit while avoiding those who are unlikely to gain (avoiding underuse and misuse,

respectively).

 Patient-centred: ensuring that patient values govern all clinical decisions and giving

treatment that respects and responds to each patient's unique preferences,

requirements, and values.

  Timely: reducing wait times and occasionally damaging delays for those providing

and receiving care.

 Efficient: preventing waste, including waste of tools, materials, concepts, and energy.

 Equitable: delivering healthcare that is uniformly high-quality regardless of a

patient's gender, race, region, or socioeconomic background.

COGNOS INSIGHTS

 Average Hospital Stay

The average hospital stay of patients is found to be between 0-10 days. Not even one patient

has been found to stay for more than 10 days. From this we can interpret that a room will be

vacated in 10 days and and not more than that.

 Type of Admission
The count of patients based on the type of admission is visualized above. From this chart, we

can interpret that most of the patients are admitted because of trauma followed by emergency

and urgent cases. Rooms can be made available for trauma much more than the rooms for

other cases. In this way, we can distribute the availability of rooms to various cases

efficiently.

 Department-wise count
The above chart shows the count of patients based on the type of department. It is seen from

that chart that the gynaecology department has the greatest number of patients followed by

radiotherapy and anaesthesia. So based on the department we can categorize the need for

rooms on an average by a patient or the number of rooms required by each department to

prioritize.

 Severity of illness
The chart shows the count of the patients based on the severity of the illness. From the chart

it is seen that the moderate illness patients take up most of the rooms followed by minor and

then extreme. From this we can interpret and allocate depending upon the ratio of severity of

illness so that chaos at the end can be avoided.

 Count of age groups

The above graph shows the count of patients from various age groups. From this we can

identify the type of facility to be provided to them and the type of rooms to be made available

for them. It is clear that the age group of 41-50 is the most of the patients and 91-100 is the

least number of patients.

  Admission Deposit based on the type of admission

The admission deposit and the type of admission cannot help in predicting the length of stay

of patients, but it can help in efficiently allocating rooms and improve the efficiency of the

hospitals. Here, a major amount comes from patients with trauma which is followed by

emergency cases. So, we need to allocate most rooms to trauma as the count says the same.

FINDINGS

 Hospitals are overburdened by the number of patients.

 The main cause of admission is trauma.

 The period of stay does not go beyond 10 days.

 The majority of patients are from the age group of 41-50.

 Most of the cases are moderately severe.

 A majority of patients are from the gynaecology department.

SUGGESTIONS
  Rather than taking a narrow category with hospitals alone, the area or a country could

be compared.

 More factors can be included in the analysis.

 Deep drill down can be done on each factor.

 Apart from visualization, regression and correlation could have given a better

understanding of variables and the model in which factors are affecting them.

 Data set could have had wider aspects and many other factors to be included such as

gender.

CONCLUSION

Hospitals can manage their resources and patients more skillfully thanks to research on

hospital stay length. The establishment of a Clinical Pathway useful for inpatient treatment

may be made possible by specifically identifying elements which are connected with the LOS

in order to properly anticipate and manage the number of inpatient days. By encouraging the

efficient use of hospital resources and shortening hospital stays through a system that is

continuously monitored, it may be important to enhance the financial structure of hospitals

and establish institutional measures to lower patient medical bills. Getting rid of pointless

hospital stays is one way to cut back on overall medical spending in the country. So from this

analysis, it can be concluded that the average length of stay of patients in the medical unit is

adequate. All the patients stay not more than 10 days so the room can be vacant by then.

Patients with trauma problem are the most of the patients. Studies focusing both on factors

responsible for prolonged hospital stay and outcome of patients relative to their duration of

stay in hospital need to be conducted.