IS-IS Principles and Configurations

Foreword
 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a link-state

IS-IS Principles and based IGP. It uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to calculate
Configurations routes. IS-IS is a dynamic routing protocol initially designed by the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for its
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP).
 To support IP routing, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

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extends and modifies IS-IS in RFC 1195. This enables IS-IS to be applied
to TCP/IP and OSI environments. This type of IS-IS is called Integrated
IS-IS. IS-IS has been widely used in large ISP networks because of its
simplicity and high scalability.
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Objectives Contents
 Upon completion of this section, you will be able to: 1. IS-IS Principles
 Master IS-IS principles and configurations 2. Differences Between IS-IS and OSPF
 Be familiar with differences between IS-IS and OSPF 3. IS-IS Configurations
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1
Application Origin
OSI
CE Application
layer
CE
Presentation TCP/IP
PE
layer
ER ER
Session Application
OSPF layer layer
IS-IS+BGP PE
Transport Transport
TP0-TP4 OSPF TCP
layer layer
CS CS Network Network
PE PE CLNP IS-IS IP
layer layer
PE Data link Data link
ES-IS ARP
layer layer
Physical Integrated Physical
CE
CE layer IS-IS layer
SW SW SW
Backbone network:  Integrated IS-IS characteristics:  OSPF characteristics:

 Campus network: 
Flat area, fast convergence, and  Supports CLNP and IP networks.  Supports only IP networks.
A variety of areas, changeable policies,
and fine-grained scheduling high transmission volume  Works at the data link layer.  Works at the IP layer.
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Route Calculation Address Structure

This process is
similar to that in OSPF TCP/IP protocol IP protocol IP address OSPF Area ID+Router ID
 Establish a neighbor relationship stack
OSI CLNP protocol NSAP address IS-IS NET identifier
Hello NSAP
 Synchronize the LSDB IDP DSP
LSDB LSDB AFI IDI High Order DSP System ID SEL

LSP1 LSP3
LSP4 Area ID (1-13B) 6B 1B
LSP2
------- -------
NET is a special type of NSAP address (SEL=00). When configuring IS-IS
 Perform SPF route calculation on a router, you only need to consider the NET. For example:
Shortest path tree 49.0001. 0000.0000.0001.00
Area ID System ID N-SEL
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2
Router Types Hello Packet
 IS-IS routers are classified into three types:
P2P
 Level-1 router: supports only Level-1 LSDB. Point-to-Point IIH
 Level-2 router: supports only Level-2 LSDB. Point-to-point network type
 Level-1-2 router: is the default router type and supports both Level-1 and
Level-2 LSDBs.
L1 LAN IIH
To establish a Level-1
adjacency, ensure that Mac:0180-c200-0014
Broadcast
two routers use the
OR
same area ID.
L2 LAN IIH
Area 49.0001 Area 49.0002 Mac:0180-c200-0015
Area 49.0001
Broadcast multiple access
Same area Different areas network type
 IS-IS currently supports only P2P and broadcast network types.
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Neighbor Relationship Establishment Comparisons Between DIS and DR

Two-way handshake Level-1 Level-1-2
RTA RTB Level-1 Level-1-2
SYS ID 0000.0000.0001 SYS ID 0000.0000.0002
point-to-point IIH
State: up
point-to-point IIH Virtual router
State: up (pseudo node)
 ISO10589 defines two-way handshake, while RFC3373 defines P2P three-way handshake. Level-1 DIS Level-1
Three-way handshake
RTA RTB Item IS-IS DIS OSPF DR
SYS ID 0000.0000.0001 SYS ID 0000.0000.0002 Election priority Devices with all priorities participate in DIS The device with priority 0 does not
election participate in DR election
LAN IIH (system ID: 0000.0000.0001 neighbor: null)
State: initialized Election waiting time Two Hello intervals 40s
LAN IIH (system ID: 0000.0000.0002 neighbor: RTA) Backup No backup BDR for backup
State: up Adjacency All routers establish adjacencies DR others establish 2-way neighbor
LAN IIH (system ID: 0000.0000.0001 neighbor: RTB) relationships
State: up
Preemption Yes No
DIS election
Send CSNPs periodically to guarantee LSDB
 Establishing neighbor relationship of the multicast access (MA) network type requires three-way Function Reduce LSA flooding.
synchronization on MA networks.
handshake.
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3
Link State Information Transmission Link State Information Exchange
LSP PDU: is used to exchange link state information. RTA RTB RTA

TLV
P2P RTC
 Real node LSP
 Pseudo node LSP (exists only in broadcast links) IS-IS packet structure RTB DIS MA
CSNP ①
 SNP PDU: is used to maintain and synchronize the A.00-00 ② PSNP
LSDB and carries summary information. TYPE LENGTH VALUE A.00-00
LSP
CSNP ①
LSP ③ C.00-00
 CSNP (used to synchronize LSPs) A.00-00 ②
A.00-00 C.00-01
④ PSNP B.00-00
 PSNP (used to request and acknowledge LSPs)
Retransmission expires  A.00-00 B.01-00
C.00-00 Fragment LSP
LSP ⑤ C.00-01 PSNP
A.00-00 Retransmit PSNP ③ A.00-00
IS-IS packets fall into two types: Level-1 and Level-2 packets. The destination MAC addresses of all IS-IS LSP
⑥ PSNP B.00-00
A.00-00 ④
packets in MA networks are multicast MAC addresses: A.00-00 B.01-00
B.00-00
Level-1 address: 0180-C200-0014 B.01-00
 CSNPs are sent only once on a P2P network.
Pseudo node LSP
Level-2 address: 0180-C200-0015
That is, a CSNP is sent immediately after a  CSNPs are multicast only by the DIS on an
neighbor relationship is established. MA network at the default interval of 10s.
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Routing Algorithms Network Hierarchy and Routing Domain

Area
 IS-IS route cost calculation: 49.0002
 The default interface cost is 10. Area 49.0004
RTE
RTA L1
L1/2 L1/2
L2 L2
Area
49.0001 Backbone
RTC
 SPF calculation process: L2 L2
Area 49.0005
 Complete LSDB synchronization
within a single area. RTA RTB RTE L1
L1/2 L1/2 L1
 Generate the network topology.
 Generate the shortest path tree, L1
using the local node as the root. Area 49.0003 L1 L1
RTD
 The IS-IS area boundary is a router, while the OSPF area boundary is a router interface.
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Inter-Area Routing Contents
 Area 49.0001 accesses Area 49.0002
 The Level-1-2 router RTA generates an LSP with 1. IS-IS Principles
the ATT bit set to 1.
L2 L2
 A Level-1 router generates a default route with L2 neighbor 2. Differences Between IS-IS and OSPF
the next hop pointing to the Level-1-2 router
after receiving the LSP with the ATT bit 1.
Area 49.0002 3. IS-IS Configurations
L2 neighbor
Backbone area
L1 neighbor L1 neighbor L1/2 Maintain L2 LSDB
L1 L1 RTA
Maintain L1 LSDB
Area 49.0001  Area 49.0002 accesses Area 49.0001
 The Level-1-2 router, RTA, adds specific routes to Area 49.0001
in the Level-2 LSDB.
 A Level-2 router calculates specific routes to Area 49.0001
through SPF calculation.
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Differences Between IS-IS and OSPF Terms

Item IS-IS OSPF Abbreviation OSI Term IETF Term
Network types Less More IS Intermediate System Router
Cost style Complicated Simple ES End System Host
Area types Less More DIS Designated Intermediate System Designated Router in OSPF
Use IS-IS or OSPF based
on your service SysID System ID Router ID in OSPF
Packet types Simple Various
requirements
LSP Link State PDU LSA in OSPF
Route
Faster Fast IIH IS-IS Hello PDU Hello packet in OSPF
convergence
PSNP Partial Sequence Number PDU LSR or LSAck in OSPF
Scalability High Medium
Complete Sequence Number
Routing load CSNP DD packet in OSPF
Higher High PDU
capacity
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5
Contents IS-IS Route Configuration Requirements
192.168.1.0/24;
192.168.2.0/24;
1. IS-IS Principles 192.168.3.0/24;
49.0001.0000.0000.0002:00
Level-2
2. Differences Between IS-IS and OSPF Level-1 RTB
import1
Area 49.0001 G0/0/0
49.0002.0000.0000.0004:00
RTA RTD RTE

3. IS-IS Configurations G0/0/1
G0/0/1 G0/0/0 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
G0/0/0 S1/0/0
49.0001.0000.0000.0001:00 49.0002.0000.0000.0005:00
S1/0/0
Area 49.0002
RTC
49.0001.0000.0000.0003:00
 In the figure, all routers in the customer network need to run IS-IS to ensure reachable routes on the
network. All IS-IS processes use the process ID 100. RTA is the DIS in Area 49.0001. The network
between RTD and RTE must be P2P network. RTE imports the direct route 192.168.X.X and requires
RTA to access Area 49.0002 through the optimal path.
 Perform the configuration correctly to meet the preceding customer requirements.
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IS-IS Route Configuration (1/3) IS-IS Route Configuration (2/3)

isis 100 isis 100
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00 network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 isis 100 isis 100
is-level level-1 #
# network-entity network-entity
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 isis enable 100
49.0002.0000.0000.0004.00 49.0002.0000.0000.0005.00
isis enable 100 is-level level-2 is-level level-2
isis dis-priority 120 level-1 # #
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
isis enable 100 isis enable 100
isis circuit-type P2P isis circuit-type P2P
Level-1 RTB
192.168.1.0/24;
Area 49.0001 G0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24;
RTA G0/0/1 RTE 192.168.3.0/24;
G0/0/1 G0/0/0 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
G0/0/0 Level-1
S1/0/0 RTD Area 49.0002 RTB
S1/0/0 Area 49.0001 import1
G0/0/0
RTC RTA G0/0/1
Level-2 G0/0/1 G0/0/0 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
isis 100 import1 G0/0/0
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00
S1/0/0 RTD RTE
S1/0/0 Area 49.0002
# 192.168.1.0/24;
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.2.0/24; RTC
isis enable 100 192.168.3.0/24; Level-2
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IS-IS Route Configuration (3/3) Quiz
isis 100
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
import-route isis level-2 into level-1
1. How many IS-IS router types exist?
#
192.168.1.0/24;
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
192.168.2.0/24;
2. What is the function of PSNPs in neighbor interaction?
isis enable 100 192.168.3.0/24;
3. What are the advantages of IS-IS compared with OSPF?
Level-2
Level-1 RTB
Area 49.0001 import1
G0/0/0
Area 49.0002
RTA G0/0/1
G0/0/1 G0/0/0 G0/0/0
G0/0/0
S1/0/0 RTD RTE
G0/0/0 S1/0/0
RTC
isis 100
network-entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00
import-route isis level-2 into level-1
# isis 100
interface Serial 1/0/0 import-route direct
isis enable 100
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Foreword

 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a link-state

Configurations routes. IS-IS is a dynamic routing protocol initially designed by the

 To support IP routing, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Backbone network:  Integrated IS-IS characteristics:  OSPF characteristics:

Route Calculation Address Structure

 Synchronize the LSDB IDP DSP

LSDB LSDB AFI IDI High Order DSP System ID SEL

 Level-2 router: supports only Level-2 LSDB. Point-to-point network type

Neighbor Relationship Establishment Comparisons Between DIS and DR

Routing Algorithms Network Hierarchy and Routing Domain

Differences Between IS-IS and OSPF Terms

Cost style Complicated Simple ES End System Host

RTA RTD RTE

 Perform the configuration correctly to meet the preceding customer requirements.

IS-IS Route Configuration (1/3) IS-IS Route Configuration (2/3)

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